Hahn, Michael, 435
Haiti, 7, 36, 304, 337, 338, 470, 541, 545, 728–30, 758–59, 760
FD’s aborted 1861 visit to, 338–39
Haiti, FD as US minister to, 689–711, 703
appointment, 689–90
and 1891 rebellion, 706–8
FD’s articles on, 709–11
and financial matters, 699
and housing, 697
and Môle Saint-Nicolas coaling station, 694, 695, 696, 698, 702, 703–6, 709
and Pan-Americanism, 695–96
presentation address of, 696–97
press coverage of, 692–94, 694, 701–2, 705, 707, 708, 709
resignation of, 708–9
and US expansionism, 697–98, 699, 701, 702
Hale, Edward Everett, 382
Halifax, England, 311, 312–13, 319
Hambleton, William, 70, 72, 74, 75
Hamilton, William, 55
Hamilton College, 207
Hampton Institute, 751
Hancock, Winfield Scott, 615
Hanson, Rev., 52–53
Harlan, John Marshall, 648–49, 753
Harlan, Robert J., 603
Harpers Ferry, 376
Harpers Ferry raid (1859), 280, 288–320, 308, 322, 329, 390
Harris, George, 249
Harris, Henry, 68, 72, 73, 587
Harrisburg, Penn., 186
Harrison, Benjamin, 682–83, 684, 685, 716–17, 722–23
FD appointed minister to Haiti by, 689–90, 691, 702
Harrison, J. Stewart, 752
Harrod, Lucius, 752
Havana, 358
Havre de Grace,, Md., 82
Hawes, Josiah John, 189
Hayden, Robert, 763
Hayes, Rutherford B.:
in election of 1876, 576, 577, 578, 579
and FD’s District of Columbia marshal position, 583
FD’s interview with, 582–83
and Kansas Exodus, 601–2
and labor movement, 613
Southern conciliation policy of, 583, 599, 601, 614
Hays, Ned, 76
Headley, Phineas Jr., 750, 763
“Heads of the Colored People” (Smith), 256
Hebrew prophets, xv–xvi, 228–38, 242, 247, 251, 254, 258–59, 263, 283–84
Hebrews, Book of, 293
Hegel, Georg, 40
Heinzen, Karl, 516
Henry, Jerry, 243
Henry, Patrick, 72
Henry V (Shakespeare), 394
Henry VIII (Shakespeare), 240
Herodotus, 385
“Heroic Slave, The” (Douglass), 224, 248–51
Heschel, Abraham, xvi, 229, 237, 389
Higginson, Thomas Wentworth, 296
Highgate, Edmonia, 441
Hillsboro, 10
Himrods Corners, N.Y., 367–68
“History” (Keita), 518
History, The (Herodotus), 385
Hodes, Martha, 460
Hodge, William L., 478
Hodges, Moses, 753
Holmes, Oliver Wendell, 382
Honduras, 370
Honey Hill, Battle of, 450
Hopkins, James, 25
House of Representatives, US, 2
Fourteenth Amendment in, 480
Thirteenth Amendment in, 443, 453–54
Howard, Oliver O., 482, 499, 562
Howard University, 1, 557, 720, 721, 745, 753
Howe, Julia Ward, 369
Howe, Samuel Gridley, 296, 315, 538, 539, 542
Howells, William Dean, 614, 714
Hughs, Thomas, 84
human rights, 471
Humboldt, Alexander von, 291
Humphreys, Tom, 76
Hurn, John, 305–6
Hutchinson, John, 753
Hutchinson Family Singers, 359, 753
Hyatt, Thaddeus, 315
Hyppolite, Florvil, 695, 696, 699, 701, 703, 704, 706, 707–8, 728, 730
Illinois, 507
“I’ll Never Get Drunk Again,” 290
immigrants and immigration, 188, 203, 723
imperialism, 537, 702, 710, 725
Impey, Catherine, 733
Independent, 471
Indianapolis Freeman, 734
Inferno the (Dante), 754
Inuit, 726
Iowa, 507
Irish Americans, 203, 396, 417, 453, 455, 487
“irrepressible conflict,” 271
Isaiah, Book of, xvi, 122, 123, 156, 157–58, 190, 219, 228, 229, 235, 237, 242, 247, 259, 272, 287, 311–12, 360, 421, 434, 515, 516, 639, 681, 687, 752
“Is It Right and Wise to Kill a Kidnapper?” (Douglass), 246
Israel, 232, 237, 239, 284, 285
Ithaca, N.Y., 269
Jackson, Francis, 166
Jacobs, Harriet, 418
Jefferson, Thomas, 376
Jefferson, Thomas (free black), 289
Jennings, Isabel, 169–70, 171, 217
Jeremiah, Book of, xi, xvi, 33, 157–58, 179, 180, 197, 200, 219, 228, 229, 237, 242, 259, 434, 515
Jersey City, N.J., 256
Jesus Christ, 53, 150, 207, 261, 284, 314, 316, 637, 757
Jim Crow:
FD’s experiences of, 542, 581–82
and FD’s self-reliance philosophy, 588
Supreme Court support for, 646–47
Jim Crow laws, 269, 303, 730, 757–58
Job, Book of, 39
Johnson, Abraham, 243–45
Johnson, Andrew, 458, 471, 472
anti-coercive policy of, 480
Civil Rights Act vetoed by, 479
FD’s criticism of, 476, 477, 482–83, 487
FD’s meeting with, 474–75, 477, 482
Freedmen’s Bureau position offered to FD by, 524
Johnson, Augusta, 718
Johnson, Charles, 53
Johnson, James Weldon, 688–89, 688, 735
John W. Richard (steamer), 85
Joiner, Charles, 190
Joint Committee on Reconstruction, 473, 480
Joshua, Book of, 285
“Jubilee doctrine,” 293–94
Judah, 237
Judas, 314
Julian, George, 268
Kansas, 264, 272, 274–75, 285, 293, 294–96, 297, 299, 300
Kansas Exodus (1879), 601–5
Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854), 260, 264, 270, 274–75, 283, 293
Kellem, Nelly, 25
Kelley, Abby, 184, 187, 217, 218, 285
Kerr, John Leeds, 163
Kimmel, Michael, 211
King, Martin Luther, Jr., 421
Knight, Nathaniel, 43
Koehler, Sylvester Rosa, 451, 510, 516, 517
Ku Klux Klan, 504
Grant’s suppression of, 522, 536
labor movement, 560
Ladies’ Anti-Slavery Society of Rochester, 224, 227, 229–36, 252
laissez-faire, 425
Lancaster County, Pa., 243–45
Lange, Johannes, 516
Langston, John Mercer, 1, 2, 3, 4, 391, 440, 441, 664
and election of 1888, 683–84
and emancipation anniversary celebrations, 681
FD’s conflicts with, 640, 663, 683, 684
Hillsdale Fourth of July speech of (1875), 556–57
and Kansas Exodus, 602
on “Our National Capital” speech, 591
on self-reliance, 562
and slave narrative genre, 621
as US minister to Haiti, 691
Lawrence, Kan., 294
Lawson, Charles, 53–54, 57, 70, 754
Lazarus, 456–57
Lee, Joseph E., 686
Lee, Robert E., 369, 377, 381, 418, 456, 461, 473, 480, 530
Lee’s Mill, 11
Leonard, William, 49
“Lessons of the Hour” (Douglass), 687–88, 736, 740, 741, 743, 746, 747, 749
“Letters from the Old World” (Griffiths), 266–67
Levine, Robert, 249
Lewis, David Levering, 759
Lewis, Edmonia, 672
Lewis, George, 158–59
Lewis, Joseph, 78
Lexington and Concord, Battles of, 244, 309
Liberal Republicans, 534–36
liberalism, xv, 427, 442, 448, 455, 483, 560, 604
Liberator, 94–97, 96, 100, 104, 107, 125, 133, 138, 161, 183, 188, 189, 191, 223, 224, 225, 226
Liberia, 370
Liberty Party, 213, 217, 218, 241, 243, 252–53, 268, 270, 274, 276, 311, 322
Life and Times of Frederick Douglass (Douglass), 13, 42, 244, 264, 272, 280, 281, 284, 295, 306, 310, 384, 411, 462, 465, 485, 619–24, 718, 727, 741
on Anna Murray Douglass, 633–34
on Civil Rights Cases, 647–48
on Eastern Shore visits, 595, 596, 624–27
on election of 1888, 684
on Europe trip (1886), 668, 671
on Freedmen’s Bank, 549
illustrations in, 622–23
and James Weldon Johnson, 688
on post-Reconstruction years, 661–62
publication of, 619
on Reconstruction Washington, 524
revision of, 713
Ruffin’s introduction for, 623–24
self-image in, 620–21
on slavery, 621–22
Lincoln, Abraham, 1, 4, 5–6, 40, 44, 239, 321–27, 333–34, 462, 754
assassination of, 9, 438, 460–61, 462–63, 479
colonization plans of, 370–73, 374–75, 379, 380, 382
as constitutionalist, 363
in election of 1864, 428, 429–30, 431, 432, 437, 438, 439, 443, 444–46, 452, 453, 472
emancipation plan of, 363–64, 366–67, 377–78
Emancipation Proclamation issued by, 357, 374, 378–79, 383, 397
FD compared to, 761
FD’s Brooklyn tribute speech on, 730–32
FD’s first meeting with, 408–10
FD’s meeting on Reconstruction with, 436–37
and FD’s self-reliance philosophy, 564–65
FD’s softening of ire toward, 435
first inaugural of, 336–37
Frémont’s emancipation edict revoked by, 352–54
Gettysburg Address of, 414–15
habeas corpus suspended by, 380
and killing of black prisoners, 405–6
millennialism of, 432–34
and movement to drop from Republican ticket, 429–30
and Niagara peace conference, 443
party unity desired by, 429
and pay of black soldiers, 403
Reconstruction as envisioned by, 430–31, 435–37
Second Inaugural Address of, 433, 458–60, 461–62
second inauguration of, 457–59
slavery opposed by, 363
Ten-Percent Plan of, 431
and Trent Affair, 358–59
Lincoln (Ray), 4
Lincoln, Robert, 644
Lind, Michael, xiii–xiv
Lippincott, Sara Jane, see Greenwood, Grace
literacy, of slaves, 340
“Literary Notices” (Griffiths), 206
Liverpool, England, 175, 177, 282, 309, 319
Lloyd, Edward, V, 14, 22, 23, 26, 27, 32, 36, 161, 624
Lloyd, Edward, VII, 624
Lloyd, Henry Demarest, 739
Lloyd, William E., 78
see also Wye Plantation
Loggins, Vernon, 160
Loguen, Amelia, see Douglass, Amelia Loguen
London Tavern, 175–77
London Working Men’s Association, 173
Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth, 232, 382
Loring, Ellis Gray, 171
Lost Cause ideology, 530–32, 533, 535, 627, 680
Lot’s wife, 481–82
Loudin, Frederick Jr., 734
Lovett, William, 173–74
Lowenthal, E. J., 516
Lowrie, Walter, 171
Lynch, John Roy, 553, 635, 753
lynchings, xii–xiii, 680, 719–20, 722, 730, 732, 741–44
1892 statistics for, 717
see also “Lessons of the Hour” (Douglass)
McClellan, George B., 359, 362, 368, 377, 379
in election of 1864, 432, 436, 444
in Peninsula Campaign, 365
McClintock, Elizabeth, 196
McClintock, Mary Ann, 196
McCune Smith, James, 623
McGowan (ship’s captain), 82
Mackey, Thomas J., 655
Magna Carta, 316
Mahone, William, 683
Malvern Hill, Battle of, 357
Manassas Junction, 357
Manchester, N.H., 247
Manifest Destiny, 185
Marks, Mrs., 306
“Marseillaise, La,” 174
Martin Chuzzlewit (Dickens), 362
Maryland, 26, 158, 164, 166, 190, 198, 260, 301, 313, 364, 378, 444–45, 446–47, 449, 454
free Constitution of, 446
Mason Committee, 314–15
Massachusetts, 242–43, 245, 366, 454
black enlistment in, 391
Matthew, Gospel of, 283
Matthews, James C., 663
Mayflower, 316
Mayo, Isabella Fyvie, 733
Mayo, Katherine, 314
“Meditation on the Divine Will” (Lincoln), 433
Meier, August, 236
Melville, Herman, 471
Memphis, Tenn., race riot in, 483–84, 488
Memphis Free Speech, 717
Mendelssohn, Felix, 753
“Men of Color to Arms!” (Douglass), 385, 392, 393–96, 394
Messenger, 756
messianic tradition, 236–38
Metropolitan AME Church (Washington), 679, 693, 741–44, 749, 753
Mexican-American War, 171, 184–85, 200, 268, 332
Mexico, 271
Michigan, 507
middle class, 256
millennialism, 207, 236–38, 284–86, 349–50, 389, 419, 432–34, 471
Miller, De Witt, 741
Miller, Orton and Mulligan, 253
Miller, Samuel T., 210
Miller, William, 207
Mingo, James, 78
Minnesota, 277
minstrels, 317
Mirror of Liberty, 84
Miscegenation: The Theory of the Blending of the Races (Croly and Wakeman), 444
“Mission of the War, The” (Douglass), 415, 416–17, 419–21, 424, 435, 436, 449, 637
Missouri, 270, 277, 294–95, 300, 301, 352–53, 364, 440
Missouri Compromise (1820), 270, 277
Mitchell, Eliza Bailey, 446, 448
Mitchell, James, 59
Mitchell, Mary Douglass, 446
Mitchell, Peter, 57
Mobile Bay, 444
Môle Saint-Nicolas coaling station, 694, 695, 696, 698, 702, 703–6, 709, 730
Moore, Daniel, 461
moral suasionism, 157, 162–63, 171, 173–75, 207, 214, 249, 252, 304–5
Morgenblatt, 267, 338, 387, 419, 452, 511
Morris, Anna Rosine Sprague, 424, 693, 739, 749
and Douglass house fire, 520
and FD’s second marriage, 650
Morris, Charles S., 693, 739, 748, 750, 757
Morris Island, 400–402, 412, 422
Mother Bethel AME Church (Philadelphia), 185–86
“Mother of Cedar Hill” (Perry), 632
Motley, John Lothrop, 528
Mott, Abigail, 167, 179, 181–83, 194
Mount Vernon (Washington estate), 513
Mount Zion Church (Charleston), 679–80
mulattos, 222
Mundy, J. M., 573
Murray, Anna, see Douglass, Anna Murray
Murray, Bambarra, 79
Murray, Charlotte, 79
Murray, Elizabeth “Lizzy,” 79, 386
Murray, Mary, 79
Murray, Perry, 386
Murray, Philip, 79
music, 31–34
Mutual Base Ball Club, 507
“My American Readers and Friends” (Douglass), 312
My Bondage and My Freedom (Douglass), xviii, 53, 67–68, 251, 253–54, 255, 257–64, 265, 267, 290–92, 294, 317–19
and FD’s Europe trip (1886), 676
on slavery, 621–22
Smith’s introduction for, 623
Myers, Stephen A., 325
“My Mother as I Recall Her” (Sprague), 631–33
Mystery, 191
Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave (Douglass), xiv, 13, 24, 32, 47, 53, 63, 85, 158, 161–62, 169, 176, 251, 253, 261, 447
prison metaphors in, 596
Nassau, 248–49
National Anti-Slavery Standard, 189, 225, 256, 432, 483
National Colored Convention, 188–89
National Convention of Colored Men (1883), 640, 643–46
National Council of Women, 752, 753
National Hall, 305
National League, 508
National Museum of African American History and Culture, xi
National Republican, FD’s 1875 letter to, 554–55
National Union Convention, 484–87
Natural History of Man (Prichard), 11
natural rights, xiii, xv, xvii, xix, 26, 42, 53, 54, 57, 97, 132, 180, 198–99, 215, 233–34, 236, 238, 245, 254, 262, 278, 316, 442, 515, 653, 761
Negro’s and Indians Advocate (Godwyn), 556
Nehemiah, Book of, 283
Nell, William Cooper, 188, 191, 222, 224–25, 382, 561
New Bedford, Mass., 85, 166, 171, 225
Newcastle, England, 170–71, 317
New England Convention, 171
New Era, 524–25
New National Era, 521, 522, 525, 529–33, 539, 544–45, 549–50
New Orleans, La.:
“Battle of Liberty Place” in, 553
New Orleans Picayune, 756
New York, 182, 188, 254, 269, 324–26, 366, 392
New York, N.Y., 83–84, 179–81, 202–5, 254–55, 272–73, 306, 324, 508
New York Express, 162
New York Globe, 204–5
New York Herald, 162–63, 202, 305
New York Independent, 485
New York Post, 349
New York State Assembly, 182
New York State Suffrage Association, 325–26
New York Sun, 181
New York Tribune, 162, 239, 260, 273, 299, 754, 756
New York Vigilance Committee, 83–84
Noah’s Ark, 445, 447, 462, 488
North, Edward, 76
North American Review, 471, 719
North Carolina, 440
North Elba, N.Y., 288–89, 293, 299
North Star, 178, 188–200, 204, 206–8, 210, 213, 216–17, 221, 229, 257, 268, 280, 291, 747
Norton, Charles Eliot, 382
Nova Scotia, 309
Oak and Ivy (Dunbar), 735
Oberlin Tent, 187
O’dell, Katy, 653
Ohio, 187–88, 192, 268, 269, 281, 507, 512
Old Testament, xv–xvi, 157, 165, 197, 228–38, 239, 258–59, 263, 265–66, 283–85, 316
see also specific books
Olmsted, Frederick Law, 589
One Hundred Conventions, 186
Oneida, N.Y., 207
Orr, James L., 484
Oscar, H., 381
Othello (Shakespeare), 162, 220, 465–67, 466
Ottman, S., 230
“Our National Capital” (Douglass), 588–91
pacifism, 77
Paine, Thomas, 231
Palmerston, Henry John Temple, 358
Pan-Americanism, 695–96
panic of 1819, 207
panic of 1857, 295–96
Panic of 1873, 546–47, 552, 560
Parker, Theodore, 296
Parker, Warren S., 168
Parkman, Francis, 382
Parliament, British, 173
Passover, 231
Paterson, N.J., 306
Paul, St., 281
Payne, Daniel Alexander, 686
Peck, Francis Jesse, 721
Pendleton, Ind., 163
Pennington, James W. C., 84–85, 85, 291
Pennsylvania Freeman, 225
Pennsylvania Society for Promoting the Abolition of Slavery, 555–56
“People’s Charter” (1838), 173
Perkins, William, 52
Perry, Fredericka Sprague, 610–12, 631
Petersburg, Siege of, 422
Peterson, Carla, 249
Philadelphia, Pa., 184–86, 204, 305–6, 313–14, 373, 404, 508
Philadelphia Pythons, 507
Phillips, Wendell, 178, 179, 218, 222, 285, 291, 330, 363, 397, 398, 430
Fourteenth Amendment opposed by, 483
made head of Anti-Slavery Society, 469
phrenology, 256
Pierce, Franklin, 245
“pig’s foot” joke, 158
Pillsbury, Parker, 221–22, 312–13
Pinchback, P. B. S., 574–75, 602
Pinckney, Alexander, 243–45
Pinckney, Darryl, 621
Pitts, Frances, 654
Pitts, Helen, see Douglass, Helen Pitts
Pitts, Jane Wells, 653
Pitts, Jennie, 653
Pledge of Allegiance, 727
Plessy v. Ferguson, 646
Plug Uglies, 203
Plumbly, Rush, 225
“Poets to Come” (Whitman), 263
Poindexter, James, 582
Point Lookout, 422
Pomeroy, Samuel, 373–74, 376, 380, 407, 408
Poor Laws, British, 173
“popular sovereignty,” 293
Porter, John, 521
Porter, John and Mary, 221, 265
Porter, Maria G., 229
Porter, Mary, 521
Porter, Samuel, 600
Porter, Samuel D., 221, 243, 306
Port Hudson, Battle of, 441
Post, Amy, 188, 190, 196, 306, 307, 418, 468, 582
and Anna Douglass’s death, 634
and Douglass house fire, 521
and Sojourner Truth, 572
Post, Isaac, 188, 194, 206, 306
and Anna Douglass’s death, 634
and Douglass house fire, 521
Pottawatomie Creek massacre (1856), 294–95
“Practical Illustration of the Fugitive Slave Law,” 241
Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation, 378–79, 380, 381
Presbyterians, 156–57, 162, 284
press:
on Anna Murray Douglass’s death, 629–30
on Assing’s suicide, 659
on black leadership conflicts, 641–42, 663, 683
on Civil Rights Cases, 648
on Douglass house fire, 520
on election of 1872, 535
on election of 1876, 577–78
on election of 1884, 661
on election of 1888, 683, 684–85
on emancipation anniversary celebrations, 635, 637
on FD’s commemorative speeches, 556
on FD’s District of Columbia marshal position, 584–86, 586
on FD’s Eastern Shore visits, 593, 594, 597, 598
on FD’s emancipation anniversary celebration address (1888), 681–82
on FD’s Europe trip (1886), 669, 675
on FD’s Hillsdale Fourth of July speech, 558–59
on FD’s retirement, 663–64, 666
on FD’s second marriage, 650–51, 652, 653, 667
on FD’s Southern speaking tours, 686
on FD’s speaking style, 527
on Freedmen’s Bank, 548
on Haiti, 692–94, 694, 701–2, 705, 707, 708
on nepotism accusations, 627–28
on “Our National Capital” speech, 591
on violence against African Americans, 553, 554–55
Preston, Charles, 725
Preston, Dickson, 593
Price’s shipyard, 77
Prince (slave), 184
“Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction,” 430
progress, 389–91
property requirements, 325–26
Proverbs, Book of, 269–70
Providence, R.I., 212
“Provisional Constitution,” 296–98
“Psalm of Life, A” (Longfellow), 232
Purvis, Robert, 218, 220–21, 222, 224, 605
and FD’s second marriage, 651
Putnam, Frederic Ward, 726
Quarles, Benjamin, 548
Queens, N.Y., 373
Queen Street Hall, 311
Quinn Chapel, 729
Radical Abolition Party, 275–76, 293–94, 322
Radical Republicans, 429–30, 472, 478
Reconstruction plan of, 431, 471, 477
Ramses, king of Egypt, 11
rape, 200
of black women during slavery, 742
of white women by blacks, as excuse for lynchings, 719–20, 741–42
Ray, Cordelia, 4
Raymond, Robert R., 230
Reason Why the Colored American Is Not In the World’s Columbian Exposition, 733–34, 737
Rebekah, 165
Reconstruction, xii, xiii, 4, 8, 416, 454, 508
“Battle of Liberty Place” in, 553
counterrevolution against, 8–9
and election of 1868, 524
and election of 1872, 533, 534–35, 542
and election of 1874, 549, 551–52
and election of 1876, 574–78, 579–80
ex-Confederates and, 472–73
FD on problems of, 424–28, 430, 431–32, 435–37, 454, 470–71, 473, 476–77, 479–80, 481, 503
and FD’s self-reliance philosophy, 560–68, 578
and Freedmen’s Bank, 545–46, 548, 549, 558
Lincoln’s vision of, 430–31, 435–37
and Panic of 1873, 546–47, 552
Radical plan for, 431, 471, 477
and Republican Party, 532–34, 549, 553
retreat from, 578, 579–80, 582–83, 599
violence against African Americans during, 522–23, 532, 537, 551, 552–55, 570, 578, 579
Redeemers, 477
Refuge of Oppression (Douglass column), 223
Remond, Charles Lenox, 178, 183, 218, 220–21, 220, 285, 382, 391
Republican National Convention (1892), 717
Republican Party, 214, 252–53, 260, 264, 265, 271, 274, 275, 276–77, 301, 303, 304, 314–15, 316–17, 321–27, 332, 333, 722–24
and black leadership conflicts, 635, 663
and corruption, 535–36, 551–52, 613, 615
in election of 1868, 524
in election of 1872, 533, 534–36
in election of 1876, 574–77
in election of 1880, 613–14, 615
in election of 1884, 660
in election of 1888, 682–83
Liberal faction of, 534–35
and National Convention of Colored Men, 644
in post-Reconstruction years, 601
and Reconstruction, 532–34, 549, 553
and Santo Domingo annexation project, 537
“Resistance to Blood-Houndism” (Douglass), 241–42
Revels, Hiram, 507
Revolution, 490
Richardson, Ellen, 170, 668, 718
Riotte, C. N., 516
Rise of the Dutch Republic (Motley), 528
Roberts, Ned, 15
Robinson, Ezekiel, 461
Rochester, N.Y.:
FD’s homes in, 190, 194–98, 204–8, 213, 217–19, 229–36, 230, 243, 253, 264–65, 268, 270, 272, 279, 291, 292, 295, 296–99, 301, 306–7, 313, 319, 320, 324, 326, 333–34
and Lincoln assassination, 460–61, 462–63
Rockman, Seth, 80
Rockwell, C. H., 698
Rolles, Henry, 78
Rolles, Isaac, 81
Root, Samuel, 489
R. T. Davis Milling Company, 735
Ruffin, George, 623–24
Ruggles, David, 83–84, 85–86, 242
Russell, Mrs., 314
Rynders, Isaiah, 202–5
Sabbath schools, 260
“sailor’s protection,” 81
St. Catherines, Ontario, 299
St. Croix, 370
Saint Domingue, see Haiti
“Sambo’s Mistakes” (Brown), 288, 289
Samson, 309
Sanborn, Franklin B., 296, 313–14, 315, 328
Sanderson, Jeremiah Burke, 170
Santo Domingo annexation project, 536–37, 538–45, 541, 692
Satan, 316
scarlet fever, 183
Schoelcher, Victor, 670
Schouler, William, 399
Schurz, Carl, 453
scientific racism, 376
Scott, Charlotte, 2
script system, 730
Sea of Poppies (Ghosh), 78
Sears, Amanda, 485
secession crisis, 310–11, 326–34
Second Coming, 284
Second Confiscation Act, 365, 366
Second Street AME Zion Church (New Bedford), 97, 98
Seddon, James A., 404
“Self-Made Men” (Douglass), 470–71, 528, 564–68, 597, 600–601, 623, 680, 716
self-protection societies, 243–45
self-reliance, FD’s doctrine of, xiii, xiv, 560–68, 716, 724, 740, 757, 758, 761
American Anti-Slavery Society speech on, 563–64
and Burns, 567–68
criticisms of, 599–600
and election of 1876, 578
Hillsdale Fourth of July speech on, 557–58
and individualism, 560–61, 566
and Ruffin, 623
“Self-Made Men” on, 528, 564–68, 597, 600–601, 623, 680
and slave narrative genre, 561–62, 621
Tennessee Colored Agricultural and Mechanical Association address on, 561
West on, 588
Senate, US, 313, 314–15, 319–20
Fourteenth Amendment passed in, 480
Thirteenth Amendment passed in, 443
“Send Back the Money” campaign, 159–60
Seneca County Courier, 196
Seneca Falls convention (1848), 196–97, 488
Seven Days, Battle of the, 365
Seven Pines, Battle of, 357
“Seventh Annual Clam Bake” (1860), 321
Sevier, William, 25
Seward, William H., 271, 314–15, 321, 409, 443
Sewell, Richard, 322
Shakespeare, William, xi, 162, 220, 240, 247, 465–67
Sharp Street AME Church (Baltimore), 79
Shaw, Francis George, 397
Shaw, Robert Gould, 397–98, 401, 402
Shaw, Sarah Blake, 397
Sheffield, England, 175
Shenandoah Valley, 444
Shepherd, Alexander, 589
Sherman, John, 2, 614, 682, 753
Shiloh Presbyterian Church, 248, 289–90, 291
Shriver, Donald W., Jr., 361
Sigel, Franz, 538
Sims, Thomas, 242–43
“Sitting Bull’s Cabin” (Columbian Exposition), 726
“Situation of the War, The” (Douglass), 366
Sixth Avenue Railroad, 290
Slade, William, 524
Slaughter-House Cases, 646
slave breakers, 59–66
slave catchers, 83, 240–42, 245–47, 251, 282, 290
“slave churches,” 158
slaveholders, 190–91, 198–99, 241–47, 251, 253, 259, 260–63, 272–73, 277–79, 300, 307, 327, 329
mentality of, 67–68
“Slaveholder’s Rebellion, The” (Douglass), 367–68
“Slaveholder’s Sermon” (Douglass), 114–15, 130, 137, 149, 162, 184, 212
slave narratives, 158, 161–62, 169, 176, 250, 251, 253, 261, 561–62, 621
see also specific works
slave rebellions, 197–98, 243–45, 248–51, 260–63, 282, 287–88
slavery, 6, 176, 231, 264, 279, 330
black progress since, 737
compromise in, 185, 197–98, 215, 270, 273, 323, 332–34
divine law as opposed to, 235, 237, 278–79, 283–87, 294, 323, 324
expansion of, 185, 194, 200, 214, 264, 271, 273, 275–76, 277, 294–96, 323
Frederick Douglass’s introduction to the realities of, 19–20
freedom from, 171–73, 226, 264, 271, 280, 289–90, 333–34
Haiti and dangers of, 730
immorality of, 215, 221–23, 242, 246, 264, 272, 274, 278–79, 283, 316
“impudence” as crime in, 25
legality of, 233–34
Lincoln’s assassination and, 732
property rights in, 172, 179–80, 244–45, 248–49, 261, 277–79, 282
religious hypocrisy of, 58–59, 60, 157, 175, 185, 198, 200, 212, 226, 234–35, 316
resistance to, 238–39, 242, 283, 284–86, 300, 323–24, 330–32
sexual exploitation of women in, 345, 742
“societies with slaves” vs. “slave societies” in, 20
as theme of FD’s life, 759–60
Thirteenth Amendment and, 443, 453–54, 474, 478
violent opposition to, 240–50, 254, 262, 271, 274, 279, 281, 282–83, 289–90, 304–5, 328–30, 334
westward expansion of, 49
white supremacy in, 238–40
slaves:
baptism of, 390
Columbian Exposition and, 714, 737–38
escape into Union lines of, 350–51, 355–56, 379, 381, 422
escape network for (Underground Railroad), 243–45, 250, 294, 296, 298, 302
fugitive, 71–72, 161–62, 186, 190, 202, 214, 223, 231, 234, 240–45, 249–51, 255, 262–63, 268, 270, 273, 277–79, 282, 286, 289, 290, 298, 300, 302, 304, 312, 316, 323, 327, 332
literacy of, 340
murder of, 26
music of, 31–34
sales of, 159, 163–64, 198–99, 229, 240
whites as fathers of, 13–14
Slaves in Barbary: A Drama in Two Acts (Everett), 45
slave trade, 7, 51, 73–74, 183–84, 234, 240, 250, 327
slavocracy, 183–84, 198–200, 272–74, 323
Slidell, John, 358
Smith, A. P., 373
Smith, Gerrit, 191, 202, 207, 209, 211, 213, 215–16, 216, 219, 221, 222, 236, 238, 243–44, 252, 257, 265, 267, 268, 270, 275, 276, 285, 288–89, 296, 322, 358, 385, 393, 413, 430
FD given money by, 501
Fourteenth Amendment opposed by, 483
Smith, Howard S., 661
Smith, James McCune, 252, 254–60, 267, 285, 286, 287, 288, 289, 293–94, 303, 325, 413, 440
Smith, Peter, 207
Smith, Samuel, 743
Smith, Stephen, 298
Smith, Wealtha, 208
Smyth, Thomas, 162
Social Darwinism, 425
Somerset case (1772), 184
“Song of Myself” (Whitman), 219
Sons of Veterans, 753
Souls of Black Folk, The (Du Bois), 759
sound money, 732
“Sources of Danger to the Republic” (Douglass), 476
Southern Horrors (Wells), 722
South Mountain, 377
Southworth, Albert Sands, 189
Spelman, J. J., 495
Sperry, James, 230
Spooner, Lysander, 214
Spotsylvania, Battle of, 422
Sprague, Alice:
death of, 569–70
and Douglass house fire, 520
Sprague, Anna Rosine, see Morris, Anna Rosine Sprague
Sprague, Estelle, 748, 749, 754
Sprague, Fredericka, 749
Sprague, Harriet “Hattie,” 749, 754
and Douglass house fire, 520
Sprague, Louisa, 628–29, 650, 655–56
Sprague, Nathan, 421–22, 423–24, 506, 739, 749, 754
Assing’s criticism of, 513–14
and black leadership conflicts, 683
Charles’s dispute with, 50, 497–98, 500, 505–7, 508
and Douglass house fire, 520, 521
FD’s loan to, 498–99
financial difficulties, 570
lawsuit against FD, 655–56
in marital separations, 500–502
and New National Era, 550
Sprague, Rosetta Douglass, 84, 166, 179, 181, 194, 212, 301, 319, 338, 386–87, 424, 450, 477, 519, 734, 739, 748
Cedar Hill housekeeping duties of, 628–29
and Douglass house fire, 520
in family disputes, 497–98, 500–503, 505, 508–9
FD’s correspondence with, 569–70
and FD’s Freedmen’s Bank presidency, 547
FD’s loan to, 498–99
and FD’s second marriage, 650
financial difficulties of, 570
Haiti trip planned by, 338–39
in marital separations, 500–502
marriage of, 421–22
and mother’s death, 629, 631–33
and nepotism accusations, 627, 628
and Sprague lawsuit, 656
Sprague, Stella, and Douglass house fire, 520
Sprigg, Samuel, 421
Springfield, Mass., 280–82
Springfield Republican, 365
Spring Street AME Zion Church (Rochester), 333–34, 342, 345, 347, 355, 445, 446
Stanley (black sailor), 81, 82
Stanton, Edwin, 391, 403, 407, 410
Stanton, Elizabeth Cady, 196, 488–91, 492–93, 492, 717–18
Stanton, Theodore, 670
states’ rights, 331
Statue of the Republic, 725–26
Stauffer, John, 568
Stearns, George Luther, 296, 315, 391, 404, 406, 410
Stebbins, H. H., 754
Stephens, Alexander, 473
Stepto, Robert, 249
Stevens, Thaddeus, 479, 483, 484, 485–86
Stewart, Alvan, 214
Stewart, Bill, 76
Stewart, T. McCants, 679
Still, William, 298
Stone, Lucy, 488
Stowe, Harriet Beecher, 218, 226–27, 231, 247–48, 248, 249, 270, 382, 736
Strong, George Templeton, 439
Strothers, Henry, 497
Subterranean, 181–83
Suffrage Question in Relation to Colored Voters in the State of New York, The, 325
Sumner, Charles, 322, 384, 429, 473, 476, 477, 536, 537, 538–39, 542, 555, 605
sunstroke, 261
“Sweet Highland Mary” (Burns), 167
Switch, 181–83
Switzerland, 512
Syracuse, N.Y., 241–42, 243, 293–94
Syracuse convention, 440–44
Tabor, Iowa, 298
Talbot County, Md., xii, 10–11, 10, 164–65, 166
Talbot County courthouse, 73, 74
Talman Building, 190
Tammany Hall, 202
“Tam O’Shanter” (Burns), 167
Taney, Roger B., 277, 278, 356, 481
Tanner, Benjamin T., 635
Tanner, Henry Ossawa, 751
taxation, 324
Taylor, W. R., 754
Taylor, Zachary, 200
Ten Commandments, 284
Tennessee Colored Agricultural and Mechanical Association, 561
Ten-Percent Plan, 431
Thirteenth Amendment, 443, 453–54, 474, 478
Thirteenth New York Volunteers, 342
Thomas, Clarence, 425
Thomas, John (FD’s assistant), 268
Thomas, John L., 624
Thompson, A. C. C., 161–62
Thompson, George, 158, 168, 171, 173, 174, 206–7, 316
Thompson, Henry, 294
three-fifths clause, 480
Tilton, Theodore, 439, 485, 486, 487, 584–85
and FD’s reunion with Perry, 495, 496
Timbucto settlements, 289
Times (London), 204
Tompkins County, N.Y., 269
Toussaint-Louverture, François-Dominique, 692–93, 728
Tracy, Benjamin F., 702
Train, George Francis, 490
treason, 245
Treasury Department, US, 507
Tremont Temple, 328–29, 382–83, 758–59
Trent Affair, 358–59
“Triumph of Freedom, The” (Garrison), 236
Trodd, Zoe, 622
Trouillot, Michel-Rolph, 707
Truth, Sojourner, 392, 572, 602
Tunnell, William, 747
Turner, Henry McNeal, 736
Turner, Nat, 51–52, 59, 197–98, 201, 260–61, 287, 395
Tuskegee Institute, 714–16, 739, 749
Twelfth Baptist Church (Boston), 383–84
tyranny, 261–62
“Tyrant’s Jubilee, The” (Douglass), 279
Uncle Tom’s Cabin (Stowe), 218, 226, 231, 247–48, 249, 270
Underground Railroad, 71, 243–45, 250, 294, 296, 298, 302
Union Baseball Club, 507
Union League Club, 730
unions, see labor movement
Uniontown, 506
United States:
democracy in, 248–49
federal government of, 238, 277–79, 294, 330–31
and Haiti, 70–71, 697–98, 699, 702
as republic, 228, 235, 262–63, 283
and Santo Domingo annexation project, 536–37, 538–45, 692
territories of, 185, 264, 271, 273
United States Colored Troops, 422
United States v. Cruikshank, 578, 646
United States v. Stanley (Civil Rights Cases), 646, 647–49
universal suffrage, 173
Van Bokkelen, Charles Adrian, 699
Van Buren, Martin, 200
Van Rensselaer, Thomas, 181
Vashon, John, 186
Vicksburg, Miss., 410, 414, 422
Vierra, Daniel, 255
Villard, Oswald Garrison, 314
Vincent, Henry, 173
Virginia, 242, 245, 282, 295, 296, 306, 307, 308, 311, 315, 378, 432, 440, 443, 444
rumors of slave insurrections in, 381–82
Vogelsang, Peter, 392
voting rights:
of African Americans, 416–17, 426, 427, 428, 429, 431–32, 442, 444, 454–55, 469, 475, 480–81, 483, 487, 503
Wade-Davis Bill, 431
Wahlverwandtshaften, Die (Goethe), 512
Waite, Morrison, 5
Wakeman, George, 444
Ward, Samuel Ringgold, 183
Ward, T. M. D., 631
War Department, US, 381, 402, 411
Record and Pensions Bureau of, 747
Warner, Horatio Gates, 523
Washington, Booker T., 600
“Atlanta Compromise” speech of, 757–58
FD and Tuskegee Institute, 714–15, 749
Howells compares with FD, 714
as speaker at Columbian Exposition, 739
Washington, DC, 214, 323, 418, 508
1876 parade in, 1–2
emancipation anniversary celebrations in, 638–39, 665–66, 680–82
emancipation in, 364–65
FD’s marshal position in, 583–88, 586
home rule issue in, 662
“Our National Capital” on, 588–91
Washington, George, 232
Washington, Madison, 248–51, 287
Washington Mall, 2
Washington Monument (Baltimore), 37
Washington Nationals, 508
Washington Star, 756
Waugh, Beverly, 52
“Way in Which Frederick Douglass Fights Wise of Virginia, The,” 308
Wayland, Francis, III, 603
Wears, Isaiah C., 751
Webb, Maria, 315–16
at Columbian Exposition, 733–35, 737, 739–40
emergence as activist, 717
eulogy for FD, 755
and FD’s “Lessons of the Hour” speech and, 747
friendship with FD, 721–22
speaking tours in England, 733, 747
Wells family, 79–80
Wesleyan Methodist Chapel, 196
West Africa, 337
Western Sanitary Commission, 2, 3
West Indies, 197, 221, 286, 287, 323, 390
West Virginia, 499
“What the Black Man Wants” (Douglass), 428
Wheatley, Phillis, 562
Whig Party, 190, 239, 269, 274
whips, 23
White, Richard Grant, 668
White, Ronald, 432
White House, 2
“white slaves,” 174
white supremacy, 8, 364, 367, 372–73, 376
Whitman, Walt, 219, 263, 346, 567
Whittier, John Greenleaf, 181, 382
Wilberforce, William, 183, 322
Wildcat (schooner), 48
Wilderness, Battle of, 422
“Wild West Show,” 726
Wilentz, Sean, 616
Wilk Street Methodist Church, 52
Williams, Fannie Barrier, 727
Williams, George Washington, 572, 635, 640
Williams, Peter A., 321
Williams, S. Laing, 727
“William the Silent” (Douglass), 528–29
Wilmington, Del., 82
Wilmot Proviso, 185
Wilson, Douglas, 414
Wilson, Henry, 315
Windsor, Ontario, 300
Wise, Henry, 306, 307, 308, 329
witches, 390
Wolf, Simon, 504
women:
rights of, xii, 196–97, 211, 221, 480, 488–93, 717–18
white, 189, 204–6, 208–12, 221–24, 268
Women’s Christian Temperance Union, 614
Women’s Loyal League, 419
women’s suffrage, 480, 488–93, 717–18
Worcester, Mass., 295–96
working class, 173–75, 323, 328
Wormley, James, 631
Wormley, W. H. A., 753
Wright, Edward, 718
Wright, Henry C., 158, 172, 174, 221–22
Wye plantation, 10, 11, 14, 17, 20–21, 21, 22–23, 27, 30, 35, 36, 259, 624–26
Denby’s murder on, 26
house servants of, 23
music on, 31–34
overseers on, 25
Yale Divinity School, 85
Yates, Richard, 492
Yeatman, James E., 2–3
Young Barney (slave), 23
Youngstown, Ohio, 188
Youth’s Companion, 727