Abbas, Mahmoud, 41
abortion policy, 45, 130, 175–176, 186
Abramowitz, Alan, 193–194
Abrams, Samuel, 194
Adler, Scott, 213
Afghanistan, 37–39, 48, 69, 80, 102–106, 113, 118, 132, 162, 220
agenda, Obama’s, 2, 10–11, 13, 34–35, 40–42, 79, 81–82, 117–119, 121–122, 135, 157
agriculture policy, 148–149
Allen, Harris, 191–192
Allen, Mike, 61
Alter, Jonathan, 190, 198, 200–203, 205–206, 212–213, 215–220, 222
Altmire, Jason, 177
approval, public, of Obama, 20–22, 132, 185, 223
handling Afghanistan, 104–105, 113
handling foreign policy, 108–109, 113
handling health care, 93–94, 113, 185, 223
Armey, Dick, 126
assessments, strategic. See Strategic assessments
audiences for Obama, 48–49, 51, 55
Auletta, Ken, 198, 201–202, 206
automaker bailout, 10–11, 86–87, 113–115
Axelrod, David, 11, 40, 50, 52, 70, 80–81, 86, 119, 150–151, 182, 184, 187
Bachmann, Michelle, 78
Bafumi, Joseph, 194
Bai, Matt, 202, 206, 215, 217–219
Baker, Howard, 143
Baker, Peter, 197, 199–201, 205, 207–208, 211–218, 220–223
bank bailout, 10, 82–83, 113–115, 118
Barnes, Melody, 136
Barone, Michael, 139
Barrett, Andrew, 212–213
Bartels, Larry, 31–32, 195–196, 205
Bartlett, Dan, 46
Baucus, Max, 124, 130, 136, 152–153, 169
Baum, Matthew, 200
Bean, Melissa, 177
Begala, Paul, 114–115
Benenson, Joel, 81
Bennett, Robert, 125
Berry, Marion, 147
Beschloss, Michael, 222
Biden, Joseph, 119, 135, 144, 146, 155
Binder, Sarah, 213
bipartisanship in Congress, 137–145, 157–169
bipartisan agreement, 161–163, 166–167
costs of, 169
efforts at, White House, 137–145, 156, 157–158, 169
essential for, 159–160, 163–164, 165–167
expectations of, White House, 2, 7–8, 116, 118, 122–123, 134, 137, 156, 161, 168, 180, 185, 188
failure of, 1, 7, 140–145, 156–169, 177–178, 180, 186–188
Birnbaum, Elizabeth, 78
Bishop, Bill, 193
Bloomberg, Michael, 142
Borosage, Robert, 13
Brady, David, 186, 197, 209, 223
Breaux, John, 104
Bright, Bobby, 170
Brown, Gordon, 41
Brown, Scott, 74, 98, 142, 153–154, 175–176
Browner, Carol, 147
Brownstein, Ronald, 125, 129, 190, 205, 213, 215, 220–221,
budget, 6, 10, 12, 23–25, 29, 32, 62, 64–65, 69, 71, 80, 88–89, 131–132, 136, 146–149, 151, 158–159, 161, 163–165, 170–172, 174, 177, 184, 186–188
Bullock, John, 197
Burns, James MacGregor, 189
Burnstein, Eugene, 196
Bush, George H. W., 172
Bush, George W., 9, 13, 17–18, 21, 35, 39, 42, 46, 62–63, 69, 82, 86, 89, 101, 111, 113, 119–120, 123–124, 127–128, 132, 137–138, 142, 144–146, 155, 158, 163–164, 167, 169, 172
leading the public, 5, 9, 36, 38, 47, 50, 59, 61, 183
and Social Security reform, 4–5, 9
Byah, Evan, 174–175
Cameron, Charles, 213
campaign finance reform, 160–161, 163, 166, 172, 174
Canfield, Natoma, 74
Cann, Damon, 195
Cantor, Eric, 138–141
cap–and–trade. See environmental protection
Carmines, Edward, 196
Carper, Thomas, 129
Carsey, Thomas M., 194
Carter, Jimmy, 17
cash for clunkers, 159, 162, 164, 167, 220
Cassino, Daniel, 196
Castle, Michael, 126
charisma, 30
child nutrition, 163
Civettini, Andrew, 196
civil rights, 67, 111, 113, 160–161, 163–164, 166–168, 174, 182
Clinton, William J., 11, 17, 21, 39, 41, 70, 114, 120, 127, 135, 137, 147, 172
and health care reform, 3–5, 9, 26–27, 51, 66, 72, 95, 114, 146, 152, 154–155, 161
leading the public, 3–5, 9, 32, 36, 38, 61, 95, 114, 120
coattails, presidential, 120–121, 134
Coburn, Tom, 143
Cohen, Richard, 154, 218–219, 221
Coleman, John, 213
Collins, Susan, 124, 140–141, 143, 151, 158, 164
Congress, leading, 2–6
Obama leading, 1, 7, 30, 44, 48, 54–55, 82, 123, 135–156
and organized interests, White House cooperating with, 155–156
partisan polarization in, 123–124, 168, 178, 187
public support, role in leading, 2–5, 9, 36, 53, 63–66, 93–95, 149, 208. See also agenda, Obama’s; bipartisanship in Congress; Democrats, congressional; mandates, electoral; opportunities: assessments of; creating, exploiting; Republicans, congressional; specific issues; strategic assessments
Conley, Patricia Heidotting, 212
Conover, Pamela, 191
Conrad, Kent, 136, 146–147, 175
consumer protection, 160–162, 166
Converse, Philip, 191, 196, 200, 203
Cook, Charlie, 35, 130, 193, 197, 214, 221
Cooper, Anderson, 42
Cooper, Phillip, 222
Crowley, James, 43–44
Cuba, policy toward, 45
Cutter, Stephanie, 75
Dancey, Logan, 194
Daschle, Tom, 43, 64, 136, 143
Davis, Artur, 175
Dechesner, Mark, 193
debt limit, 164, 171–172, 174, 187–188
deficits, budget, 10–11, 23–25, 86–88, 131–132, 148, 159
Democratic Party: image of, 109–110, 113
Democrats, congressional: constituency pressures on, 12, 19, 23, 35, 44, 53, 127–129, 134, 156, 178
exploiting majorities, 14, 116, 146–157, 176–177, 182
ideological diversity of, 129–134, 156, 170–176
Obama, leadership of, 1, 7, 146–156, 176–177, 217–218
Obama, working with leaders of, 122, 126–127, 153–156, 176, 182
and resistance to president, 82, 107, 126–127, 133–134, 150–152, 162–163, 167, 170, 174–176, 220
and support for president, 169–174, 178
De Vreese, Claes, 195
Dixon, William, 198
Dodd, Christopher, 153
Dole, Robert, 143
Donovan, John, 199
don’t ask, don’t tell, 67, 111, 113, 160–161, 166–167, 174, 182
Dorsey, Jack, 62
Douglas, Jim, 140
Dowd, Matthew, 138
DREAM Act. See immigration policy
Druckman, James N., 195, 203–205
Drudge Report, 77–78
Durr, Robert, 192
economic policy, 10–11, 16, 20, 23–25, 34–37, 41–42, 44–45, 71–72, 74–75, 80–89, 112–115, 131–132, 136, 138, 140–141, 146, 150–151, 158–159, 161–168, 169–174, 182
education policy, 24, 118, 159–161, 163–164, 171
Edwards, Chet, 76
Edwards, George C., III, 7, 189–190, 195–196, 199–201, 205, 211–213, 217, 222
Eisenhower, Dwight D., 120
elections, midterm: 1994, 4, 11, 152, 172
2010, 1, 66, 110–111, 131, 169, 171, 180, 184–186, 210
elections, presidential: 1932, 12, 120
1944, 12
1952, 120
1956, 120
1960, 1120
1972, 120
1984, 120
1992, 120
2008, 1, 12–13, 17–20, 29, 119–121, 127–128, 134, 192
Ellis, Christopher, 191
Elmendorff, Douglas, 29
Emanuel, Rahm, 10, 37, 119, 135–137, 139–141, 146–149, 151–152, 154, 169, 172, 175, 177
Emmerson, Karen, 196
energy policy, 11, 24–25, 34, 118, 131–132, 144–145, 148–149, 151, 184
environmental protection, 11, 25, 34–35, 41–42, 68, 100–102, 113, 118, 128–129, 144–145, 147–150, 152, 160–164, 166–168, 170–174, 186
Evans, Jillian, 192
executive pay, limits on, 88–89, 113
FDA regulation, 159, 162, 165, 167, 170
Federico, Christopher, 191
Feinberg, Kenneth, 39
Feingold, Russ, 174
Feldman, Stanley, 191–192
Feldstein, Martin, 13
Felsen, Sam Graham, 133
financial services regulation, 11, 74–76, 83, 113–115, 143, 153, 159, 161, 163–164, 167–168, 171, 174, 184
Fischle, Mark, 196
Fiske, Susan, 197
focusing public attention, 30, 39–47, 69, 79
food safety regulation, 111, 113, 159, 162, 165, 167, 174
Foote, Joe, 200
framing issues, 30–31, 67–76, 79
Frank, Barney, 153
Franken, Al, 170
Friel, Brian, 212, 216–218, 221, 223
Frist, Bill, 142
Gaddafi, Muammer, 108
Gallagher, Trace, 44
Gamson, William, 203
Gangl, Amy, 212
Gardner, Stephen M., 198
Garner, Andrew, 193
Gates, Henry, 43–44
Geithner, Timothy, 138
Gelman, Andrew, 204
Gibbs, Robert, 37, 39, 77, 150
Gibson, Charles, 42
Gigot, Paul, 139
Gingrich, Newt, 46
government activism, public support for, 13–17, 34–35
Grassley, Charles, 124, 130, 142, 152–153, 158, 164, 169
Green, Donald, 210
Greenberg, Jeff, 193
Greenberg, Stanley, 137
Greenspan, Alan, 13
Gregg, Judd, 164
global warming. See environmental protection
Grossman, Andrew, 75
Gruber, Kathy, 196
Guantánamo Bay prison, 69, 81, 106–108, 113, 145, 163, 167
Haider-Merkel, Donald, 204
Haiti, policy toward, 39
Halter, Bill, 131
Hamill, Ruth, 195
Hamilton, David, 197
Hardy, Bruce, 192
Hatoyama, Yukio, 41
health care reform, 11, 16, 20, 23–25, 34–35, 40–42, 44, 46–48, 50, 118–119, 130–131, 133, 136, 184–185, 190
1993 and, 26–27, 51, 72, 152, 154–155
address to Congress on, 54–55, 80, 94–98
Congress and, 70–73, 131, 133, 142–143, 146–156, 158–159, 161–165, 167–168, 169–176, 184, 186
misperceptions of, public, 50–51, 57–59
political costs of, 171–173, 184–186
public opinion on, 26–30, 44, 56–57, 89–99, 113–115, 123, 185–186, 208–209, 223
reaching the public on, 50–59, 64–67
Hertsgaard, Mark, 199
Highton, Benjamin, 192–193
Hillygus, Sunshine, 191
Hodes, Paul, 171
Holmes, Justin, 203–204
Horowitz, Juliana, 194
Hu, Jintao, 41
Huber, Gregory, 204
Huckfeldt, Robert, 191
Hurley, Norman, 203
ideological identification, public, 13–15
immigration policy, 41, 112, 144–145, 160–161, 163, 166, 174
Ingraham, Laura, 50
Jacobs, Lawrence, 4, 189, 197, 199, 204
Jacobson, Gary, 21, 32, 123, 186, 192–194, 196, 208, 210, 213, 223
Jacoby, William, 191–192, 196, 204
Jamieson, Kathleen Hall, 192
Jefferson, William, 161
Jerit, Jennifer, 196
Johnson, Lyndon B., 11, 117–118, 120, 181–182
Johnson, Tim, 129
Jones, Charles, 198
Jones, David, 210
Jones, James, 138
Joslyn, Mark, 204
Jost, John, 195
Kahneman, Daniel, 197
Keele, Luke, 197
Kennedy, Edward, 74, 98, 114, 130, 136, 142, 169, 176
Kennedy, John F., 20, 40, 59, 80, 120, 135, 192
Kenski, Kate, 192
Kernell, Samuel, 200
Kinder, Donald, 203
King, Gary, 204
Kissinger, Henry, 144
Kittilson, Miki, 191
Knight, Kathleen, 191
Kohut, Andrew, 113–114, 192, 211
Konwinski, Lisa, 135–136
Kosicki, Gerald, 203
Kosloff, Spee, 193
Krauthammer, Charles, 139
Kristol, William, 139
Krosnick, Jon, 195
Kucinich, Dennis, 149–150, 175
Kucsova, Simona, 195
Kudlow, Lawrence, 139
Kuklinski, James, 34, 195–197, 203, 205
Kull, Steven, 196
Kurtz, Howard, 50, 199, 201, 215
Kuwait, 69
labor unions, 3, 51, 54, 130–131, 147, 155
Ladd, Everett, 212
Lapinski, John, 204
Lau, Richard, 191–192, 195, 197
Layman, Geoffrey, 194
leadership: public belief in, 1
transformational, 1–2, 7, 36, 80, 182. See also Congress, leading; opportunities; public opinion, leading; strategic assessments
Lebo, Matthew, 196
Leper, Mark, 195
Levendusky, Matthew, 194
Levine, Jeffrey, 191
Levitin, Teresa, 191
Lewis, Evan, 196
Lewis-Beck, Michael, 192
Limbaugh, Rush, 46, 50, 77–78, 161
Lincoln, Abraham, 148–149, 175
Lincoln, Blanche, 131, 149, 175
Lodge, Milton, 195
Lord, Charles, 195
loss aversion, 33–34
Lugar, Richard, 168
Luntz, Frank, 70
Luskin, Robert, 196
MacKuen, Michael, 17, 192, 197, 210
Maddow, Rachel, 132
Mahan, Edward Thayer, 115
mandates, electoral, 12–13, 119–121
Marcus, George, 197
Martinez, Mel, 124
Mayer, Kenneth, 222
Mayhew, David, 119–120, 122, 212–213
Mayo, Ruth, 196
McCain, John, 12, 18–20, 121, 124–125, 128, 131, 134, 139, 170–173, 175
McCaskill, Claire, 174
McCaughey, Betsey, 50
McChrystal, Stanley, 103, 105, 132
McConnell, Mitch, 124, 138–139, 142–143, 155
McCormack, Sean, 59–60
McDermott, Monika, 210
McDonald, Ian, 193
McGhee, Eric, 223
McInturff, Bill, 185
media, 23, 33, 36–45, 50–51, 126
Medvedev, Dmitry, 41
Meek, Kendrick, 171
Mehlman, Ken, 5
Mellow, Nicole, 213
Merkl, Angela, 144
Messina, Jim, 70, 136, 151, 153
Miller, Warren, 191
misperceptions, public, 31–33, 49–51, 57–59, 69
mobilizing supporters, 63–67, 79
Modigliani, Andre, 203
Mondak, Jeffrey, 203
Morgan, William, 191
Morison, Elting, 211
mortgages, policy on, 37, 42, 81, 118, 129, 151–152, 160–164, 166, 170
Murkowski, Lisa, 124–125
Nabors, Rob, 136
Nadeau, Richard, 192
National Service, 160, 162, 166–167
Nelson, Bill, 175
Nelson, Kjersten, 204
Nelson, Michael, 189
Netanyahu, Benjamin, 41
Neuman, W. Russell, 196–197
Neustadt, Richard, 7, 179, 190, 221–222
New START treaty, 12–13, 144, 166–167, 182
Nixon, Richard M., 17, 21, 120
nominations, Supreme Court, 46, 142, 146, 164, 166
Noonan, Peggy, 139
Obama, Barack: calls for change, 10–12, 33–34
persistence of, 99, 183–184. See also agenda, Obama’s; approval, public, of Obama; bipartisanship in Congress; Congress, leading; Democrats, congressional; elections, midterm: 2010; elections, presidential: 2008; mandates, electoral; opportunities: assessments of, creating, exploiting; public opinion, leading; Republicans, congressional; specific issues; strategic assessments
Olbermann, Keith, 63
opportunities: assessments of, 7–35, 116–134, 180, 188
creating, 2, 5, 7–9, 30, 36–79, 80–81, 99, 113, 116, 119, 135–157, 176, 178–180, 184
economic crisis creating, 10–11, 34
exploiting, 1, 7, 14, 116, 146–157, 170, 176–177, 179–180, 182–188
long-term complications of exploiting, 184–188
maintaining coalitions and exploiting, 182–183
persistence and exploiting, 183–184
recognizing, 2, 5, 7, 180. See also public opinion, leading; Congress, leading
Organizing for America, 53–54, 64–67, 131
Ostermeier, Eric, 204
Ostrom, Charles, 200
overreach, 2
sources of, 180–182
Packer, George, 199, 206, 220, 222
Palmer, Harvey, 193
Palmquist, Bradley, 210
Pan, Zhongdang, 203
Park, Denise, 197
party identification of public, 13
Patterson, James, 189
Peake, Jeffrey, 213
Pelosi, Nancy, 71, 75, 132, 136, 150, 154, 162, 172
persuasion, 1–5, 116–117, 178–182, 188. See also Congress, leading; public opinion, leading; strategic assessments
Peterson, Michael Bang, 194
Pfeiffer, Daniel, 40–41, 46, 60
Piston, Spencer, 192–193
polarization: congressional, 123–124, 168, 178, 187
public, 17–25, 89, 177–178, 192, 194
Pope, Jeremy, 194
predispositions, public, 31–34, 182–183
Price, Thomas, 172
procurement, defense, 160, 162, 166
Psaki, Jan, 60
public opinion, leading: efforts at, 36–79
long term constraints on, 30–34
success at, 2–5, 9, 80–115, 157, 180. See also approval, public, of Obama; audiences for Obama; focusing public attention; framing issues; loss aversion; media; misperceptions, public; mobilizing supporters; opportunities; predispositions, public; reaching the public; responding to critics; social networking, White House, use of; source credibility; strategic assessments
Ramsay, Clay, 196
Rasiej, Andrew, 63–64
reaching the public, 31, 39–40, 47–63
Reagan, Ronald W., 12
mandate, 13, 17, 21, 42, 64, 67, 120–121
public, leading, 9, 32, 41, 59, 181, 183, 222
Redlawsk, David, 195–196
Reid, Harry, 67, 127, 136, 144–145
Reifler, Jason, 196
Rell, Jodi, 140
Renka, Russell, 222
Republicans, congressional: constituency pressures on, 123–125, 134
Obama negotiating with, 112, 133, 138–140, 142–144, 146, 154–155, 158, 164, 168–169
Southern roots of, 123–124, 134. See also bipartisanship in Congress
responding to critics, 76–79
Rhodes, Ben, 45
Rice, Condoleeza, 59–60
Rich, Robert, 196
Riemann, Charles, 213
Riker, William, 204
Rivers, Douglas, 209
Rollins, Ed, 64
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 12, 132
leading public, 3, 5, 9, 59, 70, 183
Rosenberg, Simon, 64
Roskam, Peter, 143
Ross, Lee, 195
Rouse, Peter, 136
Rove, Karl, 5
Rozzi, Alan, 212
Rudolph, Thomas J., 192
Ryan, Paul, 187
Sanders, Lynn, 203
Sanna, Lawrence, 196–197
Savage, Michael, 78
Schickler, Eric, 210
Schmader, Toni, 193
Schneider, Monica C., 191
Schock, Aaron, 123
Schul, Yaacov, 196
Schwarz, Norbert, 196–197
Schwarzenegger, Arnold, 13, 140, 142
Schwieder, David, 196
Sears, David, 191–192
Sestak, Joe, 77–78
Shadegg, John, 143
Shane, Scott, 222
Shani, Danielle, 195
Shapiro, Robert, 5, 189, 194, 197, 199, 204
Silver, Nate, 186, 205, 213, 221, 223
Simon, Dennis, 200
Skowronek, Stephen, 204
Skurnik, Ian, 196–197
Slothuus, Rune, 194–195
Snow, John, 5
Snowe, Olympia, 124, 136, 139–141, 143, 152, 158, 164, 169
social networking, White House use of, 36–38, 52–54, 59–63, 76–77
Sorensen, Theodore, 40
Sotomayor, Sonia, 46, 142, 166
source credibility, 31
Souter, David, 43, 132, 137, 142
Speakes, Larry, 199
Sprague, John, 191
Stephanopoulos, George, 57, 63, 74
Stimson, James, 17, 190–192, 196, 210, 212
stimulus bill, economic, 10, 16, 20, 24–25, 36–37, 42, 45, 49, 65, 69, 71–72, 80–81, 83–86, 89, 113–115, 123, 126, 131, 138, 140–141, 146, 150–151, 158–159, 161, 164–165, 168, 170–174, 186
strategic assessments: of congressional support, 116–134
importance of, 5–6, 34, 116, 180, 188
of White House, 2–5, 7–8, 10–11, 80, 116, 118, 122–123, 134, 137, 152, 156, 161, 168, 180, 185, 188
Stupak, Bert, 130
Summers, Lawrence, 139
Sweeney, Paul, 196
Taber, Charles, 195
TARP, 11, 20, 35, 50, 82–83, 113, 127, 139, 158–159, 164, 167, 171, 173, 186
tax policy, 11, 16, 23–24, 39, 49–50, 111–113, 119, 132–133, 140, 144, 147, 155, 159, 163–165, 167, 182
terrorism policy, 41, 48, 69–70, 118–119, 132, 139, 145, 163, 167
Theriault, Sean, 205
Thompson, Fred, 50
Thompson, Tommy, 142
Tien, Charles, 192
Tindall, George, 189
Togeby, Lise, 194
Toomey, Pat, 125
Trier, Shawn, 191
Trippi, Joe, 64
Trubowitz, Peter, 213
Truman Harry S., 21
Trumka, Richard, 147
Tversky, Amos, 197
Tyler, Tom, 191–192
unemployment benefits, 100, 112, 133, 159, 162–167, 182. See also economic policy
unified government, impact of, 121–122, 134
union card check. See labor unions
veto, presidential, 116–117
Villette, Michel, 222
Voinovich, George, 124
Von Hollen, Christopher, 172
Vuillermot, Catherine, 222
Wallace, Chris, 42
Wallace, Henry, 3
War Powers Resolution, 108
Warber, Adam, 222
Warren, Rick, 63
Washington, George, 30
Weise, David, 193
Westen, Drew, 70
Wilderness protection, 160, 162, 166–167
Williams, Brian, 42
Wolak, Jennifer, 197
Woodward, Bob, 211
Yoon, Carolyn, 196–197
Zaller, John, 33, 69, 195–197, 203–205
Zanna, Mark, 197
Zuckerberg, Mark, 62