1. See Tanner, “The Administration of the Church,” 47.
2. Nelson, Teachings of Russell M. Nelson, 365; emphasis in the original.
3. Nelson, “Prepare for Blessings of the Temple, 20.
4. Nelson, “‘Come, Follow Me,’” 89; emphasis in the original.
5. “History, 1838–1856, volume C-1 [2 November 1838–31 July 1842],” p. 1328, The Joseph Smith Papers, accessed March 26, 2019, https://www.josephsmithpapers.org/paper-summary/history-1838-1856-volume-c-1-2-november-1838-31-july-1842/502.
6. “History, 1838–1856, volume C-1 [2 November 1838–31 July 1842],” p. 1328, The Joseph Smith Papers, accessed March 26, 2019, https://www.josephsmithpapers.org/paper-summary/history-1838-1856-volume-c-1-2-november-1838-31-july-1842/502.
7. Teachings of Presidents of the Church: Joseph Smith, 419.
8. Nelson, Teachings of Russell M. Nelson, 367; emphasis in the original.
9. Nelson, “Becoming Exemplary Latter-day Saints,” 114.
10. Smith, HC 7:577.
11. Pratt, “Spiritual Communication,” Journal of Discourses (hereafter JD) 2:46; emphasis added.
12. “History, 1838–1856, volume B-1 [1 September 1834–2 November 1838],” p. 696, The Joseph Smith Papers, accessed March 26, 2019, https://www.josephsmithpapers.org/paper-summary/history-1838-1856-volume-b-1-1-september-1834-2-november-1838/150.
13. “History, 1838–1856, volume B-1 [1 September 1834–2 November 1838],” p. 697, The Joseph Smith Papers, accessed March 26, 2019, https://www.josephsmithpapers.org/paper-summary/history-1838-1856-volume-b-1-1-september-1834-2-november-1838/151.
14. “History, 1838–1856, volume B-1 [1 September 1834–2 November 1838],” p. 723, The Joseph Smith Papers, accessed March 26, 2019, https://www.josephsmithpapers.org/paper-summary/history-1838-1856-volume-b-1-1-september-1834-2-november-1838/177. See also the account of William Draper, in Uchtdorf, “Hold on a Little Longer,” 6–7.
15. “History, 1838–1856, volume B-1 [1 September 1834–2 November 1838] [addenda],” p. 3–4 [addenda], The Joseph Smith Papers, accessed March 26, 2019, https://www.josephsmithpapers.org/paper-summary/history-1838-1856-volume-b-1-1-september-1834-2-november-1838/306-307.
16. Packer, The Holy Temple, 154.
17. Oaks, “Healing the Sick,” 48. Elder Oaks references the following scriptures: Ex. 28:41; 1 Sam. 10:1; 16:13; 2 Sam. 5:3; Lev. 8:10–12.
18. Haran, Temples and Temple-Service in Ancient Israel, 166.
19. Haran, Temples and Temple-Service in Ancient Israel, 167.
20. See Oman, “Exterior Symbolism of the Salt Lake Temple,” 6–68.
21. England, “Washington D.C. Temple,” 88.
22. England, “Washington D.C. Temple,” 88.
23. Nibley, A House of Glory, 37–38.
24. A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament, 1052.
25. Cited in J. Richard Clarke, “The Temple—What It Means to You,” New Era, April 1993, 7; emphasis added.
26. Nelson, “Prepare for Blessings of the Temple,” 22.
27. “Discourse, 11 June 1843–A, as Reported by Wilford Woodruff,” p. [44], The Joseph Smith Papers, accessed March 27, 2019, https://www.josephsmithpapers.org/paper-summary/discourse-11-june-1843-a-as-reported-by-wilford-woodruff/3.
28. Teachings of Presidents of the Church: Joseph Smith, 417.
29. Brinkerhoff, “Symbolism of the Beehive,” 146.
30. Smith, Sharing the Gospel with Others, 134.
31. Angell, “The Salt Lake City Temple,” 274.
32. Renlund, “Our Good Shepherd,” 30.
33. Douglas, “Atonement in Leviticus,” 123, 129.
34. Lundquist, “What is a Temple? A Preliminary Typology,” 92.
35. Cowan, “Latter-day Saint Temples as Symbols,” 6–7.
36. For a discussion of celestial features on the Salt Lake Temple, see Oman, “Exterior Symbolism of the Salt Lake Temple,” 6–68.
37. Smith, “Description of the Temple,” 636.
38. Holzapfel, “Every Window, Every Spire ‘Speaks of the Things of God,’” 16; see also Cowan, “Latter-day Saint Temples as Symbols,” 7.
39. Hinckley, “Closing Remarks,” 105.
40. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Historical Department, Salt Lake City, Utah.
41. See Hamilton, Nineteenth-Century Mormon Architecture, Illustrations, 1–4.
42. Nibley, Temple and Cosmos, 141.
43. For ancient Jewish sources that deal with this idea, see Jubilees 8:19; Babylonian Talmud Yoma 54b; Sanhedrin 37a; Zohar, 1:72a; 2:231a; 4:157a; 4:222a; 4:222b; 5:161b; Midrash Tanhuma, Qedoshim 10; and Josephus, Jewish War, III, 52. See also Terrien, “The Omphalos Myth and Hebrew Religion,” 315–38; and for Jerusalem as the navel of the earth, see Patai, Man and Temple in Ancient Jewish Myth and Ritual, 85, 132, 155.
44. See especially Eliade, “Symbolism, the Sacred, and the Arts,” 105–29.
45. Rubin, Jerusalem through Maps and Views, 50.
46. See Rubin, Jerusalem through Maps and Views, 60.
47. See Rubin, Jerusalem through Maps and Views, 17, 18.
48. See Parry, “Cherubim, the Flaming Sword, the Path, and the Tree of Life,” 1–24.
49. Smith, Answers to Gospel Questions, 2:96 (see also 97); see also Widtsoe, Gospel Interpretations, 27; and Cannon, “The Angels Who Visit Us,” 53–54.
50. Patai, The Hebrew Goddess, 115.
51. Patai, The Hebrew Goddess,, 123.
52. See Parry and Parry, Understanding the Book of Revelation, 55–56.
53. Teachings of Presidents of the Church: Joseph Smith, 210.
54. Talmage, The House of the Lord, 210.
55. Arrington, “Oliver Cowdery’s Kirtland, Ohio, ‘Sketch Book,’” 426.
56. Talmage, The House of the Lord, 210.
57. Brown, The Tabernacle, 12–23.
58. Bible Dictionary, 742.
59. Snow, “A Visit from the Savior,” 80.
60. Brown, The Tabernacle, 4–9.
61. Cook, “See Yourself in the Temple,” 99.
62. Nelson, “Personal Preparation for Temple Blessings,” 33; see also Widtsoe, “Looking toward the Temple,” 710.
63. Hinckley, “The Cornerstones of Our Faith,” 52.
64. Young, “The Temple Corner Stones—The Apostleship, &c.” JD 1:135–36. For the laying of the Nauvoo Temple’s cornerstones, see “Celebration of the Anniversary of the Church,” Times and Seasons, 15 Apr. 1841, 2:375. https://www.josephsmithpapers.org/event/nauvoo-temple-cornerstones-laid?highlight=nauvoo%20temple%20cornerstone. For the Logan Temple cornerstones, see Wells, “Logan Temple,” 355.
65. Young, “The Temple Corner Stones—The Apostleship, &c.” JD 1:133; emphasis in the original.
66. Pratt, “Spiritual Communication,” JD 1:14.
67. Rasmussen, The Manti Temple, 12.
68. Nelson, Teachings of Russell M. Nelson, 368–69.
69. The Teachings of Ezra Taft Benson, 250.
70. Neuenschwander, “Ordinances and Covenants,” 24.
71. Nelson, “Personal Preparation for Temple Blessings,” 33, quoting Teachings of Gordon B. Hinckley, 638.
72. Hinckley, Teachings of Gordon B. Hinckley, 146–47.
73. See Ricks, “Liturgy and Cosmogony,” 118–25; Note also Nibley’s words, “All ancient temples rehearsed the story of the creation, and the establishment of mankind and the royal government of God upon this earth. Then they moved into the heavenly sphere and the theology associated with the worlds beyond,” Nibley, “The Circle and the Square,” in Temple and Cosmos, 149.
74. Talmage, The House of the Lord, 83.
75. Smith, Doctrines of Salvation 1:74.
76. Nelson, “The Atonement,” 35.
77. Smith, Doctrines of Salvation 1:62; emphasis in the original.
78. McConkie, “Three Pillars of Eternity,” 27.
79. McConkie, The Promised Messiah, 435.
80. Hinckley, “Salt Lake Temple,” 2.
81. Kimball, Conference Report (April 1915), 79.
82. Nibley, “Abraham’s Temple Drama,” 1–42.
83. See Nibley, “Meanings and Functions of Temples,” 315–16.
84. Lundquist, The Temple: Meeting Place of Heaven and Earth, 23.
85. Anderson, “The Salt Lake Temple,” 275.
86. Angell, “The Salt Lake City Temple,” 275.
87. Nelson, “Personal Preparation for Temple Blessings,” 33.
88. Teachings of Presidents of the Church: Joseph Smith, 507.
89. “History, 1834–1836,” p. 127, The Joseph Smith Papers, accessed March 25, 2019, https://www.josephsmithpapers.org/paper-summary/history-1834-1836/131.
90. Young, Discourses of Brigham Young, 416.
91. Woodruff, “Necessity of Obeying the Instructions and Revelations Given—The Importance of Obtaining the Holy Ghost—The Labours of the Saints Are for Their Own Salvation, and Not to Enrich the Lord,” JD 4:192.
92. Kimball, “The Young Missionaries.—Increasing Unbelief of the People of the World—Teachings of Jesus and His Disciples, etc.” JD 10:241.
93. Teachings of Presidents of the Church: Joseph Smith, 419.
94. Personal correspondence (May 18, 2016) from Roger Macfarlane, professor in classical studies, Brigham Young University.
95. Young, “The Necessity of the Saints Having the Spirit of Revelation—Faith and Works—The Power of God and of the Devil,” JD 3:159.
96. Cowley, Wilford Woodruff, 372.
97. The Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament, 428.
98. The Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament, 139.
99. The Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament, 1030. Korsak, “ . . . et GENETRIX,” 28, translates tsela as “side” and not “rib.” See also Korsak, At the Start: Genesis Made New: A Translation of the Hebrew Text, 7.
100. For a summary of the form I-tsela in the lexicon, see The Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament, 1030.
101. Talmon notes that ‘ezer is used in multiple parallelisms with ‘ysha (“to save”), suggesting that ‘ezer and ‘ysha are synonymous; he cites as examples Deuteronomy 33:29; Joshua 10:6; Isaiah 49:8; and Psalm 37:46; Talmon, “Synonymous Readings in the Textual Traditions of the Old Testament,” 381. For a summary of various theories regarding the meaning of ‘ezer, see Kvam, Schearing, and Ziegler, Eve and Adam, 28–29. See Freedman, “Woman, A Power Equal to Man,” 56, 58. Freedman argues that the Hebrew ‘ezer “is a combination of two roots, c-z-r meaning ‘to rescue,’ ‘to save,’ and . . . g-z-r meaning ‘to be strong’” (ibid., 56). For a summary of meanings of the word help, see Parry, “Eve’s Role as a ‘Help’ (‘Ezer) Revisited,” forthcoming.
102. A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament, 295.
103. Kikawada, “Two Notes on Eve,” 33.
104. Kikawada, “Two Notes on Eve,” 34.
105. Dew, “Are We Not All Mothers?” 96–97; emphasis in the original.
106. Brigham Young, “Necessity of Building Temples—The Endowment,” JD 2:32. See also Orson Hyde, “The Marriage Relations,” JD 2:84.
107. “History, 1838–1856, volume B-1 [1 September 1834–2 November 1838] [addenda],” p. 4 [addenda], The Joseph Smith Papers, accessed March 26, 2019, https://www.josephsmithpapers.org/paper-summary/history-1838-1856-volume-b-1-1-september-1834-2-november-1838/307.
108. Taylor, Mediation and Atonement, 136–37; emphasis added.
109. Ariel, The Holy Temple in Jerusalem, 211.
110. Ballard, “The Law of Sacrifice,” 10.
111. Kimball, “Jesus of Nazareth,” 6.
112. Talmage, The House of the Lord, 15.
113. See Parry, “Garden of Eden: Prototype Sanctuary,” 126–51.
114. Wenham, “Sanctuary Symbolism in the Garden of Eden Story,” 19–25.
115. Talmage, The House of the Lord, 83.
116. Widtsoe, “Temple Worship,” 52–53.
117. Nelson, “Personal Preparation for Temple Blessings,” 33. See also Hales, “Blessings of the Priesthood,” 32–34.
118. Packer, The Holy Temple, 75.
119. The linen breeches were “undergarments of plain linen.” Durham, Exodus, 385.
120. Rooke, “Breeches of the Covenant: Gender, Garments and the Priesthood,” 32.
121. The Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament, 1401. One may also review Welch and Foley, “Gammadia on Early Jewish and Christian Garments,” 253–58, who present evidence regarding an L-shaped symbol that has been found on early Jewish and Christian garments and other textiles.
122. Asay, “The Temple Garment,” 20; see also Marshall, “Garments,” 2:534.
123. Ezra Taft Benson, Gordon B. Hinckley, Thomas S. Monson, First Presidency Letter, October 10, 1988, cited in Asay, “The Temple Garment,” 22; emphasis in the original.
124. Kimball, The Teachings of Spencer W. Kimball, 539. Many other Church authorities have spoken regarding the protection of the temple garment. See for example, Hales, “Blessings of the Priesthood,” 32.
125. Asay, “The Temple Garment,” 20–21; emphasis in the original. See also Marshall, “Garments,” 2:534.
126. Romney, “Temples—the Gates to Heaven,” 16.
127. “Temple Memories,” address given at Denver Colorado Temple dedication (October 25, 1986), cited in Monson, “Temple of the Lord,” 5.
128. Nelson, “Hope of Israel.”
129. “History, 1838–1856, volume D-1 [1 August 1842–1 July 1843],” p. 1572, The Joseph Smith Papers, accessed March 27, 2019, https://www.josephsmithpapers.org/paper-summary/history-1838-1856-volume-d-1-1-august-1842-1-july-1843/217.
130. “History, 1838–1856, volume B-1 [1 September 1834–2 November 1838],” p. 680, The Joseph Smith Papers, accessed March 27, 2019, https://www.josephsmithpapers.org/paper-summary/history-1838-1856-volume-b-1-1-september-1834-2-november-1838/134.
131. Bible Dictionary, 708.
132. Nibley, “On the Sacred and the Symbolic,” 557–59.
133. David A.Bednar, “Two Apostles Lead a Virtual Tour of the Rome Italy Temple.”
134. McConkie, “The Purifying Power of Gethsemane,” 9.
135. Cowan, “Latter-day Saint Temples as Symbols,” 5.
136. Information adapted from Haran, Temples and Temple-Service in Ancient Israel, 58–188.
137. Snow, The Teachings of Lorenzo Snow, 99.
138. “History, 1838–1856, volume B-1 [1 September 1834–2 November 1838],” p. 699, The Joseph Smith Papers, accessed March 27, 2019, https://www.josephsmithpapers.org/paper-summary/history-1838-1856-volume-b-1-1-september-1834-2-november-1838/153.
139. Featherstone, The Incomparable Christ, 3–4.
140. Angell, Autobiography of Truman O. Angell, 10–11.
141. Young, Discourses of Brigham Young, 416. Many Church authorities have cited President Young’s statement. For example, see Kimball, “Things of Eternity—Stand We in Jeopardy?” 6; Haight, “Come to the House of the Lord,” 15–16; Packer, “Come to the Temple,” 20; and Nelson, “Prepare for Blessings of the Temple,” 42.
142. Teachings of Presidents of the Church: Brigham Young, 15; less than a year later, Brigham spoke of these sentinels: see Teachings of Presidents of the Church: Brigham Young, 302.
143. A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament, 388–91; The Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament, 2:386–88.
144. Teachings of Presidents of the Church: Brigham Young, 252.
145. Bible Dictionary, 720–21.
146. Nibley, Temple and Cosmos, 106.
147. Seely, “The Raised Hand of God as an Oath Gesture,” 411.
148. A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament, 45.
149. Seely, “The Raised Hand of God as an Oath Gesture,” 411.
150. Oman, “Sculpting an LDS Tradition,” 39.
151. Talmage, The House of the Lord, 150.
152. “Minutes, 16 January 1836,” p. 125, The Joseph Smith Papers, accessed March 27, 2019, https://www.josephsmithpapers.org/paper-summary/minutes-16-january-1836/7. Pratt, Autobiography of Parley P. Pratt, 97, 99, 105, wrote a handclasp is given in connection with an “oath and covenant.”
153. When used in the Hiphil; see A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament, 305.
154. Seely, “The Raised Hand of God as an Oath Gesture,” 417.
155. Seely, “The Raised Hand of God as an Oath Gesture,” 417. See also A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament, 1075.
156. See the discussion and examples in Ricks, “Dexiosis and Dextrarum Iunctio,” 431–36. See also Brown, “The Handclasp, the Temple, and the King,” 5–9; Calabro, “The Divine Handclasp in the Hebrew Bible and in Near Eastern Iconography,” 83–97; and Compton, “The Handclasp and Embrace as Tokens of Recognition,” 1:611–42.
157. Ricks, “Dexiosis and Dextrarum Iunctio,” 432.
158. In a BYU Religious Studies Center publication, David M. Calabro has written concerning prayer with uplifted hands; see Calabro, “Gestures of Praise: Lifting and Spreading the Hands in Biblical Prayer,” 105–21.
159. Nelson, “Personal Preparation for Temple Blessings,” 32.
160. Smith, HC 2:358; citing Zechariah 14:20; emphasis in original.
161. Packer, The Holy Temple, 4.
162. “History, 1838–1856, volume B-1 [1 September 1834–2 November 1838],” p. 723, The Joseph Smith Papers, accessed March 27, 2019, https://www.josephsmithpapers.org/paper-summary/history-1838-1856-volume-b-1-1-september-1834-2-november-1838/177.
163. Talmage, The House of the Lord, 210.
164. Talmage, The House of the Lord, 210.
165. Talmage, The House of the Lord, 209.
166. “History, 1838–1856, volume B-1 [1 September 1834–2 November 1838],” p. 702, The Joseph Smith Papers, accessed March 27, 2019, https://www.josephsmithpapers.org/paper-summary/history-1838-1856-volume-b-1-1-september-1834-2-november-1838/156.
167. Hinckley, “‘An Humble and a Contrite Heart,’” 89.
168. Hinckley, “This Great Millennial Year,” 69.
169. “History, 1838–1856, volume B-1 [1 September 1834–2 November 1838],” p. 699, The Joseph Smith Papers, accessed March 27, 2019, https://www.josephsmithpapers.org/paper-summary/history-1838-1856-volume-b-1-1-september-1834-2-november-1838/153.
170. Wilford Woodruff, Wilford Woodruff’s Journal, 1:132–33.
171. Teachings of Presidents of the Church: Lorenzo Snow, 138, citing Millennial Star, July 4, 1892, 418.
172. Lundquist, The Temple: Meeting Place of Heaven and Earth, 24–26, writes regarding Ancient Near East temples and the “house of life.”
173. Nelson, “Prepare for Blessings of the Temple,” 41.
174. Widtsoe, “Looking toward the Temple,” 708; emphasis in original.
175. Koehler and Baumgartner, The Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament, 758.
176. “History, 1838–1856, volume D-1 [1 August 1842–1 July 1843],” p. 1556, The Joseph Smith Papers, accessed March 25, 2019, https://www.josephsmithpapers.org/paper-summary/history-1838-1856-volume-d-1-1-august-1842-1-july-1843/199.
177. Nelson, Teachings of Russell M. Nelson, 367.
178. Bednar, “Prepared to Obtain Every Needful Thing,” 103.
179. For a review of the restoration of the temple in this dispensation, see Cowan, “Joseph Smith and the Restoration of Temple Service,” 109–22.
180. Widtsoe, “Temple Worship,” 59.
181. Nibley, “Meanings and Functions of Temples,” 4:1462.
182. Pratt, “Spiritual Communication,” JD 2:44.
183. “History, 1838–1856, volume C-1 Addenda,” p. 34, The Joseph Smith Papers, accessed March 25, 2019, https://www.josephsmithpapers.org/paper-summary/history-1838-1856-volume-c-1-addenda/34
184. Haight, “Symbol of Sacrifice, Monument to Life,” 11; see also Packer, “Come to the Temple,” 21.
185. “History, 1838–1856, volume C-1 [2 November 1838–31 July 1842],” p. 1326, The Joseph Smith Papers, accessed March 27, 2019, https://www.josephsmithpapers.org/paper-summary/history-1838-1856-volume-c-1-2-november-1838-31-july-1842/500
186. “History, 1838–1856, volume E-1 [1 July 1843–30 April 1844],” p. 1708, The Joseph Smith Papers, accessed March 27, 2019, https://www.josephsmithpapers.org/paper-summary/history-1838-1856-volume-e-1-1-july-1843-30-april-1844/80
187. “History, 1838–1856, volume E-1 [1 July 1843–30 April 1844],” p. 1982, The Joseph Smith Papers, accessed March 25, 2019, https://www.josephsmithpapers.org/paper-summary/history-1838-1856-volume-e-1-1-july-1843-30-april-1844/354
188. Ricks and Sroka, “King, Coronation, and Temple,” 259. See also the extensive bibliography, 264–71.
189. “Coronation of the Czar,” New York Times (April 5, 1896).
190. Holland, Christ and the New Covenant, 137 (see also 135–57).
191. Bible Dictionary, 680.
192. Talmage, Jesus the Christ, 598.
193. Packer, The Holy Temple, 43.
194. Encyclopedia of Joseph Smith’s Teachings, 217. See also Teachings of Presidents of the Church: Joseph Smith, 414.
195. “History, 1838–1856, volume B-1 [1 September 1834–2 November 1838] [addenda],” p. 4 [addenda], The Joseph Smith Papers, accessed March 26, 2019, https://www.josephsmithpapers.org/paper-summary/history-1838-1856-volume-b-1-1-september-1834-2-november-1838/307.
196. Jenson, Historical Record 5 (June 1886), 79.
197. Young, “The Temple Cornerstones—The Apostles,” JD 1:133.
198. A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament, 498.
199. Gong, “Temple Mirrors of Eternity: A Testimony of Family,” 37–38.
200. Cook, “See Yourself in the Temple,” 99.
201. Lee, “Strengthen the Stakes of Zion,” 2; see also Kimball, “Remarks and Dedication of the Fayette, New York, Buildings,” 54.
202. Cowan, “Latter-day Saint Temples as Symbols,” 7.
203. Hinckley, “Stay the Course—Keep the Faith,” 70.
204. Dalton, “Now Is the Time to Arise and Shine!” 123.
205. Hinckley, “‘O That I Were an Angel, and Could Have the Wish of Mine Heart,’” 6.
206. Smith, “The Mission of the Kirtland Temple,” 204.
207. See Roberts, A Comprehensive History of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 3:386.
208. Smith, Doctrines of Salvation, 2:170; see also 2:165, 223; see also McConkie, Doctrinal New Testament Commentary, 1:400.
209. Heber C. Kimball, “Proclamation of the Gospel to the Dead,” JD 9:327.
210. “History, 1838–1856, volume C-1 [2 November 1838–31 July 1842] [addenda],” p. 11 [addenda], The Joseph Smith Papers, accessed March 25, 2019, https://www.josephsmithpapers.org/paper-summary/history-1838-1856-volume-c-1-2-november-1838-31-july-1842/546.
211. Bednar, “The Hearts of the Children Shall Turn,” 24. See also Haight, “Keys of the Kingdom,” 73–75.
212. Romney, “The House of the Lord,” 119.
213. Smith, “The Mission of the Kirtland Temple,” 204.
214. Parry, “Sinai as Sanctuary and Mountain of God,” 1:482–500.
215. Milgrom, Studies in Levitical Terminology, 44–45.
216. For names in the temple setting, see Porter and Ricks, “Names in Antiquity: Old, New, and Hidden,” 501–22.
217. Oaks, “Taking upon Us the Name of Jesus Christ,” 81.
218. Bednar, “Honorably Hold a Name and Standing,” 98.
219. Packer, The Holy Temple, 154.
220. See Tvedtnes, “Olive Oil: Symbol of the Holy Ghost,” 427–59.
221. Packer, “Come to the Temple,” 20.
222. Hinckley, “Of Missions, Temples, and Stewardship,” 53.
223. Smith, Doctrines of Salvation, 2:329. “No man will receive of the celestial glory except it be through the ordinances of the House of God,” Wilford Woodruff, “Faith,” JD 19:361.
224. Widtsoe, “What Is the Need of Ordinances?” 97.
225. “History, 1838–1856, volume C-1 [2 November 1838–31 July 1842] [addenda],” p. 16 [addenda], The Joseph Smith Papers, accessed March 25, 2019, https://www.josephsmithpapers.org/paper-summary/history-1838-1856-volume-c-1-2-november-1838-31-july-1842/551.
226. “History, 1838–1856, volume D-1 [1 August 1842–1 July 1843],” p. 1572, The Joseph Smith Papers, accessed March 25, 2019, https://www.josephsmithpapers.org/paper-summary/history-1838-1856-volume-d-1-1-august-1842-1-july-1843/217.
227. Neuenschwander, “Ordinances and Covenants,” 23.
228. Nelson, “Personal Preparation for Temple Blessings,” 34.
229. Young, Discourses of Brigham Young, 152.
230. Doctrines of Salvation, 2:252–57.
231. “History, 1838–1856, volume E-1 [1 July 1843–30 April 1844],” p. 1750, The Joseph Smith Papers, accessed March 27, 2019, https://www.josephsmithpapers.org/paper-summary/history-1838-1856-volume-e-1-1-july-1843-30-april-1844/122 (emphasis in original).
232. Heber C. Kimball, “Address to My Children,” cited in Enc. of Mormonism 4:1444.
233. Bednar, “Two Apostles Lead a Virtual Tour of the Rome Italy Temple.”
234. Bednar, “Two Apostles Lead a Virtual Tour of the Rome Italy Temple”; see also https://www.lds.org/church/temples/why-we-build-temples/inside-the-temple?lang=eng.
235. The King James Version incorrectly reads “unicorn” in this passage.
236. See Brandt, “Why are oxen used in the design of our temples’ baptismal fonts?” 55; see also Fetzer, “Could you tell me a little about the history of our temple baptismal fonts?” 26–28.
237. Davies, “Architecture,” 4:387.
238. Nelson, Teachings of Russell M. Nelson, 371–72.
239. Kimball, “The Lord Expects His Saints to Follow the Commandments,” 4.
240. Holland, “President Thomas S. Monson,” 16.
241. Tanner, “The Administration of the Church,” 43, 47–48.
242. Nibley, “Early Christian Prayer Circle,” 45–99; see also Tate, “Prayer Circle,” 1120–21.
243. “History, 1838–1856, volume C-1 [2 November 1838–31 July 1842] [addenda],” p. 13 [addenda], The Joseph Smith Papers, accessed March 27, 2019, https://www.josephsmithpapers.org/paper-summary/history-1838-1856-volume-c-1-2-november-1838-31-july-1842/548.
244. April 6–24, 1893, Wilford Woodruff.
245. See Oaks, “Healing the Sick,” 50.
246. Mulvay, “Eliza R. Snow and The Woman Question,” 252.
247. Mulvay, “Eliza R. Snow and The Woman Question, 264.
248. Clawson, “Pioneer Stake,” 14.
249. “Nauvoo Relief Society Minute Book,” p. 22, The Joseph Smith Papers, accessed December 14, 2019, https://www.josephsmithpapers.org/paper-summary/nauvoo-relief-society-minute-book/19.
250. Taylor, Mediation and Atonement, 158–59.
251. Kimball, “Kings and Priests,” BYU devotional, Feb. 15, 1966, https://speeches.byu.edu/talks/spencer-w-kimball_kings-priests/. See also President Kimball’s teachings in The Teachings of Spencer W. Kimball, 331.
252. Smith, Answers to Gospel Questions, 4:61. See also Joseph Fielding Smith’s teachings in “Relief Society—An Aid to the Priesthood,” 5–6.
253. Holland, Christ and the New Covenant, 116.
254. Holland, “Lessons from Liberty Jail,” 3.
255. Holland, “Lessons from Liberty Jail,” 3–4, italics in original.
256. Nelson, “Personal Preparation for Temple Blessings,” 33.
257. For a discussion of the three hymns, see Parry, “‘Who Shall Ascend into the Mountain of the Lord?’: Three Biblical Temple Entrance Hymns,” 729–42.
258. Teachings of Presidents of the Church: Joseph Smith, 224.
259. “Discourse, 12 May 1844, as Reported by Thomas Bullock,” p. [2], The Joseph Smith Papers, accessed March 25, 2019, https://www.josephsmithpapers.org/paper-summary/discourse-12-may-1844-as-reported-by-thomas-bullock/2.
260. Cook, “See Yourself in the Temple,” 99.
261. Hinckley, Dedicatory Prayer, https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/temples/details/portland-oregon-temple/prayer/1989-08-19?.
262. Pratte, “Temple of Refuge in the Pacific,” 26.
263. Bingham, “The Temple Gives Us Higher Vision,” 38.
264. McConkie, “The Promises Made to the Fathers,” 48.
265. Pratt, “Oration,” 3.
266. Snow, “The Temple,” 254.
267. Hinckley, “The Salt Lake Temple” 6.
268. Widtsoe, “Temple Worship,” 63–64.
269. Lundquist, The Temple: Meeting Place of Heaven and Earth, 19.
270. Cowley, “The Sacred Triangle,” 916–17.
271. “Letter to the Church, circa March 1834,” p. 143, The Joseph Smith Papers, accessed March 25, 2019, https://www.josephsmithpapers.org/paper-summary/letter-to-the-church-circa-march-1834/2.
272. See Bible Dictionary, 720.
273. Packer, “The Aaronic Priesthood,” 31.
274. Smith, Doctrines of Salvation 2:323; McConkie, Mormon Doctrine, 69–70. See also Fetzer, “Could you tell me a little about the history of our temple baptismal fonts?” 26–28.
275. Smith, “Magnifying Our Callings in the Priesthood,” 65.
276. Smith, in Conference Report, Oct. 1913, 9.
277. Nelson, Teachings of Russell M. Nelson, 366–67.
278. A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament, 368.
279. Skinner, “Seeing God in His Temple,” 270–90.
280. Lorenzo Snow, Deseret News, April 2, 1938.
281. For a discussion of the seven promises, see Draper and Parry, “Seven Promises to Those Who Overcome: Aspects of Genesis 2–3 in the Seven Letters,” 121–42.
282. Hinckley, “Reverence and Morality,” 45–46.
283. Smith, HC 2:410–28.
284. Angell, “The Salt Lake City Temple,” 274.
285. Nibley, Temple and Cosmos, 139–73.
286. For a study of circles and squares in the context of the temple, see Nibley, “The Circle and the Square,” in Temple and Cosmos, 139–73; and Brown and Smith, Symbols in Stone, 153–54.
287. Hinckley, “We Look to Christ,” 90.
288. Cowan, “Latter-day Saint Temples as Symbols,” 7. So, too, Nibley wrote, “The series of stars, moon, and sunstones on the buttresses indicate the levels of . . . glory,” Nibley, Temple and Cosmos, 367.
289. Russell, Teachings of Russell M. Nelson, 371.
290. This tabernacle was a portable temple, and not to be confused with certain regional buildings called “tabernacles,” which the pioneers built in various places.
291. Pratt “The Latter-Day Work,” JD 13:357; see also “Order,” 14:273.
292. “History, 1838–1856, volume E-1 [1 July 1843–30 April 1844],” p. 1876, The Joseph Smith Papers, accessed March 27, 2019, https://www.josephsmithpapers.org/paper-summary/history-1838-1856-volume-e-1-1-july-1843-30-april-1844/248.
293. “History, 1838–1856, volume E-1 [1 July 1843–30 April 1844],” p. 1876, The Joseph Smith Papers, accessed March 27, 2019, https://www.josephsmithpapers.org/paper-summary/history-1838-1856-volume-e-1-1-july-1843-30-april-1844/248.
294. Young, “The Temple Corner Stones—The Apostleship, &c.” JD 1:133.
295. Biblical scholar Brazil de Souza, Toward a Theology of the Heavenly Sanctuary, examines more than two dozen Old Testament passages that deal with the temple in heaven. See also his extensive bibliography.
296. See, for example, Parry and Parry, “The Temple in Heaven: Its Description and Significance,” 515–32.
297. Woodruff, Deseret Weekly 53 (November 7, 1896), 642–43; also in Stuy, Collected Discourses 5:238.
298. “Temples Everywhere” is the title of Hugh Nibley’s presentation given at the “Temples through the Ages” conference held at BYU, Dec. 4, 1999. For examples of temples “everywhere,” see Lyon, Understanding Temple Symbols Through Scripture, History, and Art; Gaskill, Sacred Symbols: Finding Meaning in Rites, Rituals, and Ordinances; Lundquist, The Temple: Meeting Place of Heaven and Earth; and several of Nibley’s writings, including “Looking Backward.”
299. Nibley, “On the Sacred and the Symbolic,” 575–76.
300. Widtsoe, “Symbolism in the Temples,” 163.
301. Young, “The Gifts of Prophecy and Tongues,” JD 3:372. See also Cowan’s discussion of temple work that will occur during the Millennium, in Temples to Dot the Earth, 277–80.
302. Wilford Woodruff, “Not Ashamed of the Gospel,” JD 19:230.
303. “Discourse, 11 June 1843–A, as Reported by Wilford Woodruff,” p. [42–43], The Joseph Smith Papers, accessed March 27, 2019, https://www.josephsmithpapers.org/paper-summary/discourse-11-june-1843-a-as-reported-by-wilford-woodruff/1.
304. Haran, Temples and Temple-Service in Ancient Israel, 26–42.
305. Welch, “The Temple in the Book of Mormon,” 297–387.
306. Widtsoe, “Temple Worship,” 52–53.
307. The Hebrew uses two different words for the two occurrences of “hands” in this verse.
308. Nelson, “Becoming Exemplary Latter-day Saints,” 114.
309. Adapted from Parry and Parry, Understanding the Book of Revelation, 57–58.
310. Teachings of Presidents of the Church: Joseph Smith, 222.
311. Young, cited in Ward, “Who Designed the Temple?” 578–79; spelling in original.
312. Olsen, Logan Temple, 122.
313. The Teachings of Ezra Taft Benson, 252.
314. Benson, “Cleansing the Inner Vessel,” 4–7.
315. The headpiece was like a “turban, bound cap”; see Exodus 28:4, footnote d.
316. The linen breeches were “undergarments of plain linen.” Durham, Exodus, 385.
317. Letter of Aristeas, 96–99, in Charlesworth, The Old Testament Pseudepigrapha, 2:19.
318. Anderson, The Genesis of Perfection, 122–23.
319. See also, Talmage, Articles of Faith, 344–45.
320. “Discourse, 16 April 1843, as Reported by Willard Richards,” p. [146–147], The Joseph Smith Papers, accessed March 27, 2019, https://www.josephsmithpapers.org/paper-summary/discourse-16-april-1843-as-reported-by-willard-richards/8. See also “History, 1838–1856, volume D-1 [1 August 1842–1 July 1843],” p. 1535, The Joseph Smith Papers, accessed March 27, 2019, https://www.josephsmithpapers.org/paper-summary/history-1838-1856-volume-d-1-1-august-1842-1-july-1843/178, and Lee, “Easter Morning,” 7–8.
321. Monson, “An Invitation to Exaltation,” 73.
322. For various symbols associated with ancient temple vestments, see Nibley, Temple and Cosmos, 91–138, and Parry, “Ancient Sacred Vestments: Scriptural Symbols and Meanings,” 219–39.
323. Packer, The Holy Temple, 72.
324. Smith, Life of Joseph F. Smith, 445–47.
325. Beecher, “The Iowa Journal of Lorenzo Snow,” 269; spelling has been modernized.
326. Recorded in Wilford Woodruff, January 2, 1854, Journals and Papers, 1828–1898; Wilford Woodruff, The Deseret Weekly 38 (March 23, 1889): 390; and Cannon, “Reports Concerning the Saints,” JD 22:289.
327. Tate, Boyd K. Packer: A Watchman on the Tower, 203.
328. Smith, Answers to Gospel Questions, 5:94–95.
329. Christofferson, “The Redemption of the Dead and the Testimony of Jesus,” 10.
330. “Discourse, 21 January 1844, as Reported by Wilford Woodruff,” p. [182], The Joseph Smith Papers, accessed March 27, 2019, https://www.josephsmithpapers.org/paper-summary/discourse-21-january-1844-as-reported-by-wilford-woodruff/2.
331. “Excerpts from Recent Addresses of President Gordon B. Hinckley,” 73.
332. “History, 1838–1856, volume E-1 [1 July 1843–30 April 1844],” p. 1975, The Joseph Smith Papers, accessed March 27, 2019, https://www.josephsmithpapers.org/paper-summary/history-1838-1856-volume-e-1-1-july-1843-30-april-1844/347.
333. Packer, “The Redemption of the Dead,” 97.
334. Packer, The Holy Temple, 154.
335. As cited in Nelson, “Personal Preparation for Temple Blessings,” 34.
336. Ariel, The Holy Temple in Jerusalem, 209.
337. Ariel, The Holy Temple in Jerusalem, 201.
338. Ariel, The Holy Temple in Jerusalem, 203.
339. Ariel, The Holy Temple in Jerusalem, 211.
340. Ariel, The Holy Temple in Jerusalem, 205.
341. Nelson, “Spiritual Treasures,” 78.
342. Joseph Smith, HC 5:555.
343. Joseph Smith, Teachings of Presidents of the Church: Joseph Smith, 418.