Index

A

Abraham, S.A. 4, 13

acceleration: 5, 10-17, 20-21, 24-28, 30, 33, 35, 37-45, 54-55, 58, 62, 65, 83, 100, 112, 114, 126, 159-60, 174-75, 186, 191, 318

aliasing: 247

ampere: 82, 151, 300

amplitude: 129-30, 133-36, 138, 142-45, 158-59, 162, 166-67, 234, 237-40, 243, 246-47, 249–50, 258, 265, 268, 270, 277, 303 320

angle of incidence: 218, 220

angle of reflection: 218, 220

apparent resistivity: 305, 307-16

attenuation: 163, 248, 250-51, 258, 277

average trace: 268, 270-71

average trace removal: 268, 270-71

B

backprojection: 273-74, 276-79, 284-86, 289, 291

bandwidth: 237-43, 245-48, 277

C

center-frequency: 240, 243, 248, 253, 259, 265-66, 268, 320

centrifugal forces 12

chemical remnant magnetization: 85

coefficient of reflection: 216, 277

coil: 81-82, 87-88, 147, 149-51, 155-60, 162-63, 166-67, 175-80, 187, 234, 299, 319

compass: 6, 8, 82, 83-84, 87

compression: 21-22, 24-25, 132-33

conductivity: 151-53, 155, 157, 159-63, 165-78, 180, 185, 187-94,198, 201-203, 205, 209-11, 235-36, 239-40, 248, 251, 258, 260, 263, 265, 299-300, 303, 319-20

constructive interference: 138, 141-42, 145

contour plot: 31-32, 92-95, 101, 107, 110, 113-16, 119-21, 134, 165, 188-91, 194, 196, 198

Coulomb's Law: 73

Coupling: 248

critical refraction: 241, 252

cross-borehole: 275-80, 283, 285-86, 290-91, 299

CT scanner: 3, 289

current: 2, 71, 81-82, 85-88, 130, 149-60, 162-63, 166-68, 170, 175-79, 235-36, 238-40, 250, 277, 299-312, 314-15, 319-20

current density: 303-307, 311, 314

D

decay: 102, 131, 133, 135-36, 160-62, 177-78, 180, 185, 190

density: 5, 14-20, 25-29, 33, 35-41, 43-45, 47, 54-60, 63, 66-67, 70, 73, 80, 92, 100, 102, 112, 134, 136, 159-60, 174, 191, 193, 303-307, 311, 314, 318

depositional remnant magnetization: 85

destructive interference: 138, 141-43, 145

dielectric constant: 235-36, 260, 268, 320

diffraction: 267, 270, 283, 285-86, 289-93, 296

diffraction tomography: 283, 285-86, 289–93, 296

digital: 127-28, 143, 214-23, 243

dipole moment: 73, 77-82, 84-87, 92-94, 96, 98–100, 102, 109-11, 150-51, 155, 157-60, 173, 186, 263

direct arrival: 241-42, 252

Dynes: 11, 20

E

electric field: 162, 234-36, 300, 306

eddy current: 152, 163, 175

electrical resistivity: 299, 303, 305-308, 310-12, 314-17

electrodes: 304-308, 310-16

electromaapet: 57, 81-82, 131, 139, 149-50, 280, 299-300

electromagnetic induction: 3-4, 57, 147, 151, 155, 162-63, 173-74, 179, 185, 199-202, 209, 214, 234-36, 243, 261, 268, 299, 319

electromagnetic waves: 139-40, 222, 235, 274, 299

EMI: 147, 149, 152-54, 157-83, 185-86, 188, 19093, 195, 197, 199-12, 214, 334, 236, 253, 256, 259-65, 268, 270, 299-300, 306, 319

evanescent wave: 133, 136

expansion: 132-33, 170

external field: 79-81, 85-88, 96-97, 107-108, 111

F

false-color plot: 32

ferromagnetic: 78-82, 84-87, 96-99, 147, 149, 17376, 188-90, 192, 194-98, 204, 211-13, 263, 266

forward modeling: 259

frequency: 87, 127, 130, 133, 259-60, 265-66, 268, 206-207, 214, 221-22, 235-36, 238-40, 243, 246-48, 252-53, 274-75, 277, 299, 319-20

frequency sounding: 165-66, 179-80, 206-207, 299

G

Gain: 250-51, 254, 259-60

Gal: 27-28

Gamma: 82

geometric depth sounding: 307, 309-12, 315

geometric spreading: 134-36, 142, 237-40, 250, 303

geophysical diffraction tomography: 289-91, 293, 296

geotomography: 215, 272-78

GPR: 214-15, 220-25, 229, 232, 234-38, 240-43, 245-60, 262, 264-68, 270-72, 274-75, 277, 280, 287, 288, 300

Gradiometer: 88-89, 107-11, 120-22, 318-19

gravitational acceleration: 10-11, 13-17, 20-22, 24–28, 30, 33, 35, 37-45, 54-55, 58, 62, 65, 83, 100, 112, 114, 126, 159-60, 174-75, 186, 191, 318

gravitational force: 2-3, 5-6, 9-28, 39, 54, 62, 7374, 100, 102, 174

gray-scale plot: 32, 34, 36-37, 92, 96, 112-14, 116, 180-81, 186-88, 192-93, 195, 197, 203-12, 249, 259, 263, 265, 281-82, 287

ground penetrating radar: 3-4, 57, 205, 214, 220, 222, 234, 240. 242-43, 251, 259-62, 286-87, 299, 320

H

half-maximum distance: 48-49, 52, 54, 60, 65, 102, 106-107, 180-82, 184-85, 191

half-maximum rule: 46, 52, 54, 102, 106, 243

Hertz: 130, 179, 236, 275, 320

holographic lens: 285-87

hyperbola: 229, 237, 251-53, 269-70, 272, 277

I

index of refraction: 216

induced current: 87, 152-59, 162-63, 166-68, 170, 175-79, 235-36, 238-40, 250, 277, 319-20

induced field: 156-56, 180, 306, 219

induced magnet: 73, 77-80, 82, 84-87, 96-99, 101–102, 120, 149, 155-57, 159, 174-75, 186

in-phase: 176-77, 179, 181, 185, 187-90, 192, 194–201, 203-204, 208-209, 211, 213, 261, 263, 320

longitudinal wave: 131-33, 139

M

magnetic field: 2-3, 75-90, 92, 106-109, 111-12, 126, 136, 147-60, 162-67, 170-79, 214, 234–36, 299-300, 306, 319

magnetometer: 87-92, 95-97, 100, 102, 107-12, 117, 119-20, 263, 318

magnetometry: 57, 73, 77, 97-99, 117, 122, 126, 143, 158-59, 162, 174-75, 178-80, 185,204–205, 214, 243, 253-54, 256, 259, 261, 264-65, 268, 318

mass: 2, 5-6, 9-28, 34-35, 39, 41, 44, 62, 65-66, 70–73, 86, 125, 170, 268, 318

mechanical waves: 139

mesh plot: 33, 179

microGal: 27

multipathing: 231-32, 284, 286

multiple: 219, 231-34, 258

N

nano Tesla: 82

near-field: 249

Newton: 20

Newton's Law: 10, 12

normal incidence: 217, 219-20, 222, 225, 228, 233-34, 272, 283

O

ohm: 82, 300

Ohm's Law; 300-306

ohm-meter: 303

over sampling: 247

P

paleomagnetism: 99, 117, 122

partial image: 272-74, 276, 281-82, 284-85, 291, 312-13

period: 129-31, 133, 166, 170, 235, 246-48, 275

permanent magpet: 73, 77-78, 85, 101-102, 120, 174

phase: 130-31, 133, 144-45, 166-74, 176-77, 179, 181, 185, 187-90, 192, 194-201, 204, 208-209, 211, 213, 261, 263-66, 320

pixel till: 249-50, 254

plane wave: 140-41, 143, 272-73, 285-87, 290

polarization: 131, 140, 235

primary field: 155-56, 158-59, 162-66, 170, 174–78, 180, 186-87

propagate: 126, 131-36, 138-39, 143, 214, 220, 230, 235, 239-41, 252, 256, 265, 274-75, 285

propagation: 126, 130-33, 135-36, 139-40, 214-15, 222, 234-35, 237, 239-40, 250, 252, 266, 277, 285, 287

pulse: 140, 143-46, 170, 177-79,215, 223-24, 235, 238, 240, 242, 245-46, 277

Q

quadrature: 166-74, 176-77, 179, 181, 185, 187-94, 196-202, 204-206, 208-12, 261, 263-65, 268, 320

R

Radargram: 224-33, 237-46, 249-60, 265-66, 26872, 277-80, 284, 320

radio wave: 133, 140, 162, 222, 234-35, 320

Radon transform: 289

Rayleigh scattering: 139, 240

Reflection: 214-22, 226-42, 244, 246, 249-52, 254, 256, 258-60, 265, 269-72, 275-77, 286-88, 297, 320

reflection coefficient: 216-17, 226, 228, 249, 256, 260, 269, 288

refraction: 214-16, 219-20, 226, 228, 235-36, 241, 252, 275, 283-86

remnant magnetization: 85, 97-98

resistance: 300-302, 304-306

resistivity: 299, 301-17

resistor: 300-303

resonance: 170

S

Scalar: 5-6, 11-12, 20, 22, 25, 73, 77, 89

scattering: 136-39, 240

secondary field: 155, 158, 175-78

seismic wave: 1, 274-75, 277, 296

seismogram: 277-78

shielded: 252

skin depth: 163-66, 176, 180, 191, 207, 236, 238–39, 299

Snell's law: 216

spectral response: 170-74, 190

spectrum: 139, 173-74

speed of light: 216, 222, 241, 275, 291

spring constant: 21-22, 25, 170

standing wave: 128

straight ray backprojection: 273-74, 284-86, 289, 291

surface plot: 92

surface-to-borehole: 275-76, 289, 285-86, 292, 296

synthetic aperture lens: 286-87

T

temporal: 86, 88, 91, 126, 129-30, 148, 175-76, 179, 245-48, 253, 275, 320

temporal sampling: 91, 245-48, 253, 275, 320

Tesla: 82

Thermoremnant: 85, 98

time shadow: 277, 279, 284-85, 299

time window: 179, 248, 253, 320

tomographic imagine: 3, 272, 274-75, 280, 287, 289

trace: 224-25, 230, 237, 240-43, 249-50, 253, 259, 268-71, 277, 284

transmission: 147, 162, 215, 217-20, 272, 275, 286

transmission coefficient: 217

transverse wave: 131, 139-40, 234-35

trapped wave: 219-20

U

under sampling: 247

V

Vector. 3, 5-15, 17, 20, 22-26, 73-79, 82-83, 87-89, 93, 100, 102, 147-49, 152, 154, 157, 186,303–307

View: 273, 285, 290-91, 299

viscous remnant magnetization: 85, 98

volt: 82, 300

voltage: 300-306, 310, 314

W

wavelength: 88, 129-31, 133, 135-36, 139, 143, 146, 235-36, 238, 240, 248, 249, 289

wiggle trace: 249, 259