LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1.1. Drawing sheet orientations.

Figure 1.2. Sheet layout elements.

Figure 1.3. A simple bill of materials.

Figure 1.4. Vertical characters.

Figure 1.5. Inclined characters.

Figure 1.6. Drawing with tolerances

Figure 1.7. Leader, balloon, and callout.

Figure 1.8. Samples of fonts.

Figure 1.9. Linestyles.

Figure 1.10. Drawing view with different linestyles.

Figure 1.11. Use of centerline and center mark.

Figure 2.1. Basic types of projection. (a) Parallel projection. (b) Perspective projection.

Figure 2.2. Normal faces.

Figure 2.3. Non-normal faces.

Figure 2.4. Planar and oblique faces.

Figure 2.5. Bounding box and principal dimensions.

Figure 2.6. Image box and object.

Figure 2.7. Object views on principal planes.

Figure 2.8. Image box faces and principal planes.

Figure 2.9. Layout of six principal views on flat paper.

Figure 2.10. Spatial and planar quadrants. (a) Spatial layout. (b) Planar layout (Right view).

Figure 2.11. First angle projection.

Figure 2.12. Third angle projection.

Figure 2.13. U.S. standard views.

Figure 2.14. European standard views.

Figure 2.15. Principal dimensions and drawing layout. (a) Object principal dimensions. (b) Layout of standard views.

Figure 2.16. Nonunique side views.

Figure 2.17. Placement and alignment of multiviews. (a) Correct placement and alignment. (b) Top view not aligned. (c) Front view not aligned.(d) Right view not aligned.

Figure 2.18a. Object.

Figure 2.18b. Bounding box.

Figure 2.19. Front view choice, local axes, and view directions. (a) Front view choice. (b) Axes and view directions.

Figure 2.20. View layout. (a) Top and front views’ boundaries. (b) Bounding blocks for views.

Figure 2.21. Development of views. (a) Visible features development. (b) Hidden features development.

Figure 2.22. Completed views.

Figure 2.23. Generated views of a component.

Figure 2.24. Plain multiview drawing.

Figure 3.1. Inclined and oblique faces. (a) Inclined face. (b) Oblique face.

Figure 3.2. Identifying or creating a TL line. (a) Inclined face. (b) Oblique face.

Figure 3.3. An auxiliary image box and layout. (a) Image box. (b) Layout.

Figure 3.4. Types of auxiliary views. (a) Full. (b) Partial.

Figure 3.5. Two principal views.

Figure 3.6. Projection lines for auxiliary view.

Figure 3.7. Draw outline of face.

Figure 3.8. Draw the feature.

Figure 3.9. Principal views.

Figure 3.10. TL line and projection lines.

Figure 3.11. Reference line and edge view.

Figure 3.12. Projection from edge view.

Figure 3.13. Draw outline of an oblique face.

Figure 3.14. Draw feature(s) on an oblique face.

Figure 3.15. Principal views.

Figure 3.16. Full auxiliary view.

Figure 3.17. Standard view.

Figure 3.18. Edge view from base view.

Figure 3.19. Full auxiliary view for an oblique face.

Figure 3.20. Partial auxiliary and standard views.

Figure 4.1. Concept of sections. (a) Standard views. (b) Mixed views.

Figure 4.2. Cutting plane line styles. (a) Thick centerline. (b) Thick phantom line. (c) Broken visible line.

Figure 4.3. Hatch pattern layout.

Figure 4.4. Assembly hatch patterns.

Figure 4.5. (a) Material type hatch patterns. (b) Material type hatch patterns.

Figure 4.6. Section view representation. (a) Right. (b) Wrong.

Figure 4.7. Placement of section views. (a) Top section view. (b) Front section view. (c) Right section view.

Figure 4.8. Straight section view.

Figure 4.9. Offset section view.

Figure 4.10. Removed section views.

Figure 4.11. Revolved section views.

Figure 4.12. Aligned section views. (a) Component with arms. (b) Component without arms.

Figure 4.13. Half section.

Figure 4.14. Broken section.

Figure 4.15. Detail section view.

Figure 4.16. Auxiliary section view.

Figure 4.17. Assembly section view.

Figure 4.18. Un-sectioned features.

Figure 4.19. Hatching un-sectioned features.

Figure 4.20. Un-sectioned parts.

Figure 4.21. Break lines for different shapes and materials.

Figure 4.22. Constructing a regular section.

Figure 4.23. Constructing an aligned section.

Figure 4.24. Generating a section from solid model (Section A-A).

Figure 5.1. Dimensional elements and terminators. (a) Elements of a dimension. (b) Dimension line terminators.

Figure 5.2. Dimensioned component.

Figure 5.3. Types of dimensions.

Figure 5.4. Spacing of dimensions.

Figure 5.5. Arc dimensions.

Figure 5.6. Circle dimensions.

Figure 5.7. Dimensioning diameters. (a) Diameter on profile view. (b) Section view showing diameter. (c) Multiple diameters on profile view.

Figure 5.8. Angular dimensions.

Figure 5.9. Hole dimensions.

Figure 5.10. Dimensioning slots. (a) Full length. (b) Length between centers. (c) Slot width.

Figure 5.11. Fillets and rounds.

Figure 5.12. Fillets and rounds on a component.

Figure 5.13. Chamfers. (a) External. (b) Internal.

Figure 5.14. Dimensioning counterbore, countersink, and spotface.

Figure 5.15. Keyseat and keyway.

Figure 5.16. (a) Regular keyseat. (b) Woodruff keyseat. (c) Sledge runner keyseat.

Figure 5.17. Rectangular neck. (a) Depth specified. (b) Diameter specified.

Figure 5.18. Circular neck. (a) Depth specified. (b) Diameter specified.

Figure 5.19. Truncated conical neck. (a) Depth specified. (b) Diameter specified.

Figure 5.20. Repeated features. (a) Linear array. (b) Polar array

Figure 5.21. Datum dimensioning.

Figure 5.22. Chain method.

Figure 5.23. Tabular method.

Figure 5.24. Engineering diagram of a component.

Figure 5.25. Adding horizontal dimensions to diagram.

Figure 5.26. Adding vertical dimensions to diagram.

Figure 5.27. Adding circle dimensions to diagram.

Figure 5.28. Generated views of a component.

Figure 5.29. Add centerlines to generated multiviews.

Figure 5.30. Adding dimensions to multiview drawing.

Figure 5.31. Dimensioned multiview drawing.

Figure 6.1. Isometric projection. (a) Isometric rotations. (b) Isometric axes in image plane.

Figure 6.2. (a) Types of isometric lines. (b) Isometric scale.

Figure 6.3. Types of isometric drawings. (a) Regular. (b) Reverse. (c) Long-axis.

Figure 6.4. Isometric arcs.

Figure 6.5. (a) Constructing top isocircle. (b) Constructing top isocircles continued.

Figure 6.6. Constructing a left isocircle.

Figure 6.7. Constructing a right isocircle.

Figure 6.8. Constructing top isocircle.

Figure 6.9. (a) Box method for normal faces. (b) Box method for normal faces continued.

Figure 6.10. (a) Box method for inclined face. (b) Box method for inclined face continued.

Figure 6.11. Box method for oblique face.

Figure 6.12. Box method for angles.

Figure 6.13. Box method for ellipse on inclined face.

Figure 6.14. Box method for irregular curve.

Figure 6.15. Centerline method for isometric drawing.

Figure 6.16. Isometric annotations. (a) Aligned dimension placement. (b) Horizontal dimension placement.

Figure 6.17. Iso-detail drawings.

Figure 6.18. Isometric section views. (a) Straight section. (b) Half section. (c) Broken section. (d) Offset section.

Figure 6.19. Assembly isometric views. (a) Outline. (b) Exploded.

Figure 6.20. Examples of isoplanes in other axonometric projections. (a) Dimetric. (b) Trimetric.

Figure 7.1. An iso-insert in an ortho-detail drawing.

Figure 7.2. Standard projection symbols. (a) First angle. (b) Third angle.

Figure 7.3. Standard orthographic projections. (a) Isometric. (b) First angle projection layout. (c) Third angle projection layout.

Figure 7.4. Mixed views detail drawing.

Figure 7.5. Isometric assembly drawings. (a) Outline isometric. (b) Exploded isometric. (c) Half section isometric.

Figure 7.6. Exploded isometric assembly with BOM.

Figure 7.7. Section assembly drawings. (a) Outline ortho-view of assembly. (b) Front ortho-view section.

Figure 7.8. Exploded assembly drawing.

Figure 7.9. Shaft detail drawing.

Figure 7.10. Flange detail drawing.

Figure 7.11. Pulley detail drawing.

Figure 7.12. Gear detail drawing.

Figure 7.13. Retainer detail drawing.

Figure 7.14. Sleeve detail drawing.

Figure 7.15. Schedule of purchase parts.

Figure P7.1. Component drawings of Figure P7.1.

Figure P7.2. Component drawings for Figure P7.2a.

Figure P7.3. Component drawings for Figure P7.3a.

Figure A1.1. Thread nomenclature. (a) External thread. (b) Internal thread.

Figure A1.2. Metric thread specifications.

Figure A1.3. English thread specifications.

Figure A2.1. Unilateral tolerance specification.

Figure A2.2. Bilateral tolerance specification.

Figure A2.3. Limits specification.

Figure A3.1. Examples of GD&T.

Figure A4.1. Elements of surface texture.

Figure A4.2. Full specification of surface texture.

Figure A4.3. Basic specification of surface texture symbol.

Figure A4.4. Application example.