Picture Index

This is an index to all the pictures used in the fourteen e-book volumes of Zondervan Illustrated Bible Background Commentary—Old Testament. This index lists the approximate location of each picture by Bible book and chapter. Each entry should be easy to locate within a page or two of where the comments on each Bible chapter begin.

Altars and High Places

Arad Altar, Josh. 8; 2 Kings 5; 2 Chron. 3

Beersheba Altar, Ex. 29; Jer. 17; Amos 3

Bethsaida High Place, Isa. 15; Amos 7

Boat Shrine, Ps. 132

Cultic Site in Golan, Josh. 4

Dan High Place, Deut. 12; Josh. 22; Ps. 78; Amos 8

Hazor Altar, Judg. 6

Hazor High Place, Ezek. 6

Hittite Altar, Ex. 32

Horn of Altar, Judg. 2

Incense Altar (model), Ex. 30

Megiddo Altar, 1 Kings 1

Megiddo Circular Stone Altar, Deut. 27; Hos. 12

Megiddo Incense Altar, Lev. 4; Judg. 2

Mt. Ebal Altar, Deut. 11; Josh. 8; 1 Kings 3

Shrine of Tutankhamun, 2 Chron. 3

Taanach Cult Stand, 1 Chron. 13; Ezek. 8; Hos. 1

Taanach Incense Altar, 1 Kings 11

Votive Altar (Astarte), 1 Kings 11

Amulets

Ketef Hinnom, 1 Chron. 16; Neh. 13

Lamashtu, Job 2; Ezek. 14

Phylacteries (modern), Deut. 6; Prov. 3

Ancient Maps

Babylonian Map of the World, Ps. 24; Ezek. 38; Zeph. 2

Egyptian Map, Job 28

Madaba Map, Gen. 13; 14; Josh. 4

Map of Canals, Prov. 21

Map of the City of Umma, Ezek. 4

Animals

Animals, Gen. Introduction; Num. 18; Deut. 4; 5; 1 Kings 20; Isa. 56; Job 1; Ps. 82; Ps. 147

Baboon, Prov. Introduction; Eccl. 3

Bird Hunting, Num. 11; Ezek. 13

Boar, Ps. 80

Bull, Ex. 21; 29; 32; Lev. 1; Num. 25; 33; 1 Sam. 1; 2; 1 Kings 12; 2 Kings 10; Job 36; 39; Ps. 106; Zech. 9

Bull Slaughtering, Ps. 51

Calf, Ex. 23; Judg. 17; 1 Kings 12; 2 Chron. 11; Hos. 1; 8

Camel, Gen. 24; Judg. 5; 1 Sam. 30; 1 Chron. 1; 2 Chron. 21; Isa. 21; 60

Cattle, Ex. 22

Cattle Sacrifice, Ps. 50

Cow, Deut. 22; Isa. 55; Amos 4

Cows Following Calf, 1 Sam. 6

Crocodile, Job 40; Ps. 58; Ezek. 29

Deer, Ps. 42

Dog, Lev. 17; Deut. 23; Ps. 140

Donkey, Gen. 12; Num. 22; 1 Sam. 9; Zech. 9

Duck, Job 31

Eagle, Deut. 32; 2 Kings 2; Job 30

Falcon, Deut. 32

Fish, Jonah 1

Fishing, Isa. 19

Flocks, Num. 31; 1 Sam. 25

Goats, Gen. 32

Hippopotamus, Job 40; Ezek. 29

Horse, 2 Kings 23; Est. 1; 6; Ps. 80; Isa. 1; 22; Mic. 1; Zech. 14

Hunting, Gen. 10; 1 Sam. 17; 2 Sam. 23; 1 Chron. 11; Job 18; 29; Ps. 22; 45; Jer. 22; 27; Nah. 2

Ibex, 1 Sam. 24

Jackal, Judg. 15; Job 30; Jer. 8

Lamb, Ex. 12; 2 Sam. 12

Leopard, Jer. 13

Lion, Gen. 6; Judg. 2; 14; 1 Kings 12; 2 Kings 17; Ezra 7; Ps. 15; Isa. 11; Jer. 2; Ezek. 22; Dan. 6; Amos 3; Zeph. 3

Lion Attack, 1 Kings 13; Isa. 31; Jer. 16; Ezek. 19

Lion Attacking Bull, Isa. 5

Lion Hunting, Gen. 10; 1 Sam. 17; 2 Sam. 23; 1 Chron. 11; Ps. 45; Jer. 22; 27; Nah. 2

Lion Scepter, Gen. 49

Lions after Hunt, 2 Kings 21

Locusts, Ex. 10; Isa. 33; Joel 1

Lord of Animals, Gen. 2

Mollusk, Ex. 25

Monkeys, Jer. 24

Murex Snail, Isa. 1; Ezek. 26

Ostrich, Job 39; Mic. 1

Ostrich Eggs, Lam. 4

Ox Butchering, Gen. 9

Oxen, 2 Kings 6

Pig Remains, Deut. 14; Neh. 10; Isa. 66

Quail, Ex. 16

Ram, Gen. 22; 30; 2 Chron. 32

Sheep, Gen. 12; 30; 1 Sam. 16; Isa. 32; Amos 1; Mic. 2

Snail, Gen. 49

Snake, Serpent, Gen. 3; Ex. 4; Num. 21; 2 Kings 18; Ps. 58; 140; Eccl. 10; Isa. 22; 30; 37; Jer. 7; Jon. 2

Vulture, Ex. 19; Job 15; Ezek. 17; Mic. 1

Anointing

Anointing of Pharaoh, 1 Sam. 2; 10; 1 Kings 1; 1 Chron. 11; Isa. 45

Anointing Vessel, Lev. 8; 1 Sam. 10; 16

Banquet

Ashurbanipal Banquet, Est. 5; Ps. 23

Banquet, 1 Sam. 25; Isa. 5; Obad.; Job 21; Ps. 110

Beer Drinking, Prov. 20

Standard of Ur, Gen. Introduction; 1 Kings 10; 2 Chron. 1; Job 1

Boundary Stones

Astral Symbols, Deut. 4

Babylonian Land Grant (Nabu-apla-iddina), Gen. 13; Josh. Introduction; 1 Sam 22

Chaos Creature, Gen. 1; Ps. 75

Eanna-shum-iddina, Prov. 23

Gezer, Ruth 2

Marduk, Isa. 46

Marduk Temple, Deut. 19

Marduk-zakir-shumi, 2 Chron. 24

Melishihu, Dan. 8

Meli-shipak, Num. 28; Ps. 84; Isa. 13

Merodach-baladan, 2 Kings 20; Isa. 39

Michaux Stone, Job 24

Nabu-apla-iddina, 1 Sam. 22

Nature Gods, Isa. 43

Senusret III’s Boundary Marker, Isa. 19

Setting Up Boundary Stone, Hos. 5

Shamash, Judg. 13

Sippar, 2 Kings 9

Unfinished Kudurru, Job 9; Ps. 104; Jonah 2

Bowing/Lifted Hands

Ashkelon relief (Merneptah), Lev. 9; Judg. Introduction; 2 Sam. 1; 2 Kings 3

Bowing backwards, Lev. 9

Bowing before Ruler, 1 Sam. 16; Est. 3

Bowing Captives, Deut. 20

Bowing in Lachish, 2 Sam. 10; Neh. 8; Ps. 95; Isa. 66

Bowing Servant, Isa. 60

Elamite Captive Bowing, Ps. 2

Hands Raised, Isa. 1; Job 11

Hazor Stone, 1 Kings 8

Kneeling Man, Jer. 7

Kneeling Pharaoh, 2 Chron. 6

Lady Taperet, Ps. 28

Praying Priest, 1 Kings 8; Ps. 44

Shalmaneser III’s Black Obelisk, 1 Sam. 24

Worshiper Seal, Amos 5

Burial

Abraham’s Tomb, Gen. 25

Absalom’s Tomb, 2 Sam. 18

Achaemenid Tombs, Ezra 4

Ahiram’s Sarcophagus, Gen. 37; 2 Kings 19; Jer. 4

Aspathines’ Tomb, 1 Chron. 18

Burial Cairn, Josh. 7

Cyrus’ Tomb, Neh. 2; Dan. 6

David’s Tomb, Neh. 3

Embalming, Gen. 50

Eshmunazor II Sarcophagus, 1 Sam. 5

Funerary Stela, Josh. 6

Giza Pyramids, Ex. Introduction

Infant, Gen. 22

Ketef Hinnom, Lev. 21; Ruth 1

Kidron Valley Tombs, 1 Kings 2

Rachel’s Tomb, Gen. 35

Roman Sarcophagus, Jonah 4

Sennedjem’s Tomb, Isa. 19

Shaft Tomb, Gen. 23

St. Etienne’s Tombs, 2 Sam. 2; 2 Kings 13

Terracotta Soul House, Job 4

Tomb of the Kings, Judg. 16

Tophet at Carthage, Deut. 12

Tumulus, 2 Chron. 16; Jer. 34

Xerxes’ Tomb, Est. Introduction

Chaos Creature

Apophis, Gen. 3

Boundary Marker, Gen. 1; Ps. 75

Illuyankas, Job 7

Narmer Palette, Num. 23

Slaying of Chaos Creature, Job 7

Two Dogs, Lev. 17

Unfinished Kudurru, Job 9; Jonah 2

City Gate

Balawat Gates, Judg. 16; Isa. 45

Beersheba Gate, Judg. 19

Bench, Arad, Ruth 4; Prov. 8

Bench, Beersheba, Gen. 19; 1 Chron. 11

Bench, Dan, Josh. 20

Bethsaida, Deut. 17; 1 Kings 14

Dan Gate, Num. 22; Josh. 20; Judg. 8; 18; Ruth 1; 2 Sam 18; 19; 1 Kings 20; 1 Chron. 26; Jer. 1; Amos 5

Gate Socket, Judg. 16

Gezer Gate, 1 Kings 9

Hazor Gate, 1 Kings 9

Ishtar Gate Drawing, Dan. 4

Ishtar Gate Model, Jer. 50

Megiddo Gate, 2 Sam. 3; 1 Kings 9

Megiddo Gate Drawing, 2 Sam. 18

Megiddo Gate Model, 2 Chron. 35

Nineveh Gate, Jonah 3

Shechem Gate, Josh. 20

Ugarit Gate, Nah. 3

Coins

Antiochus Epiphanes Coin, Dan. 8; 11

Coins, Ex. 30

Daric, Ezra 2

Persian Daric, 1 Chron. 29

Tetradrachma of Lysimachus, Dan. 8

Composite Creatures

Anzu, Deut. 31; Ps. 139; Ezek. 3; Dan. 7

Calah Bull, 2 Kings 8

Cherub, Ex. 25; 1 Kings 6; 7; Ezek. 10; 41

Cherub Throne, 1 Sam. 4; 1 Kings 10; 2 Kings 19; Ps. 99; Isa. 6; 20

Composite Creatures (drawing), Ezek. 1

Composite Creatures Pectoral, Ezek. 1

Eagle Headed Spirit, Ezek. 17

Fish Men, Job 15; Ps. 38

Genie, Gen. 3; 1 Sam. 2; Ezek. 28; Zech. 5

Goat-Fish, Ps. 106

Lamashtu, Ezek. 14

Lion/Hippopotamus/Crocodile Monster, Ezek. 32

Seraph; Winged Serpents, Isa. 6

Seven Headed Beast, Ps. 74; Isa. 11; Amos 9

Snake Dragon, Ps. 104

Sphinx, Gen. 3; Ex. 6; 17; 1 Kings 11; 2 Chron. 3; Ps. 36; Eccl. 1; Isa. 37; Jer. 36; Amos 3

Taanach Cult Stand, 1 Chron. 13; Ezek. 8; Hos. 1

Winged Bull, Num. 3; Isa. 37

Winged Caprid, Dan. 8

Winged Lion, Ps. 18; Dan. 7

Deities

Adad, Num. 25

Ahriman, Zech. Introduction

Ahuramazda, Ezr. Introduction; Isa. 45; Ezek. 10; Zech. Introduction; Mal. 4

Amun, Gen. 1; 2 Chron. 32; Isa. 57; Jer. 13; Ezek. 39

Amun-Re, Genesis Introduction; Ex. 10; Job 6; Jer. 46

Anubis, Prov. 16; Hag. 2

Apis, Ex. 9

Apophis, Genesis Introduction; Ex. 7

Asherah, Judg. 2; 1 Sam. 1; Lam. 1; Hos. 4

Ashur, Judg. 4; Job 38; Ps. 7; 18

Astraea, Dan. 2

Aten, Deut. 6; 2 Chron. 9; Ps. 86; Isa. 35

Atum, Gen. 1

Baal, Judg. 2; 6; 1 Sam. 1; 7; 1 Kings 16; 2 Kings 1; Prov. 15; Isa. 43; Jer. 2; Dan. 2; Hos. 2

Chemosh, Judg. 11; Jer. 48

Dagon, 1 Sam. 5

Divine Council, Job 1

Ea, Joel 3; Ps. 139

Egyptian Cosmology, Gen. Introduction; Gen. 1

El, Gen. 14; Judg. 8; 1 Kings Introduction; 1 Chron. 20; Ps. 96; Jer. 2; Dan. 7

Enki, Gen. 2; Ex. 34; Job 26; Ezek. 28; 47

Ennead, Ex. 10

Etana, 2 Kings 2

Four-Faced God, Ezek. 1

Geb, Genesis Introduction; Job 22; Isa. 42

Gula, Deut. 23

Hadad, 1 Kings 12; Job 36

Hapy, Ex. 8

Hathor, Ex. 9; Est. 3; Song 4; Isa. 57

Heket, Ex. 8

Hemen, Isa. 30

Horus, 2 Sam. 14; Job 3; Ps. 36; 58; 104; 110; Isa. 49

Inanna, Jonah 3

Ishtar, Est. 2; Prov. 9; Isa. 6; Jer. 7; 44; Ezek. 16; Joel 3

Ishtar of Arbela, Isa. 11

Isis, Ruth 2; Job 3; Isa. 49; 57

Khnum, Gen. 2; Job 10; Isa. 43

Lama, Gen. 12

Lamashtu, Ex. 22; Ps. 113

Maʿat, Genesis Introduction; Deut. 1; 5; Ps. 89; Prov. 3; Isa. 40

Marduk, Gen. 1; Isa. 46

Meretsteger, Ps. 140

Min, Isa. 65

Mut, Hab. 2

Nabu, 1 Chron. 17

Nanaya, Num. 28; Ps. 84

Nanna, Ezek. 40

Nekhbet, Lam. 4

Nergal, Gen. 49; Ex. 12; Ezek. 11

Ninurta, Isa. 42

Nut, Genesis Introduction; Job 22; Ps. 8; 72; Isa. 24; 42; Ezek. 31

Osiris, Genesis Introduction; Ruth 2; Isa. 1; 24; Ps. 72

Pazazu, Deut. 32; Ps. 91

Ptah, Ezek. 30

Qadesh, Deut. 7; 2 Kings 18

Qaws, Deut. 6; Obad.

Qedesh, Job 6

Ra, Ex. 7; Ps. 28

Re-Horakhty, Deut. 1; Job 11; Isa. 1

Resheph, Deut. 6; Job 6

Sebek-Re, Ex. 20

Sekhmet, Isa. 53

Seshat, Zech. 2

Seth, Genesis Introduction; 2 Sam. 14

Shamash, Gen. 1; Ex. 18; Lev. 19; Judg. 13; 1 Sam. 8; Job 31; Ps. 29; 72; Isa. 1; 8; 66; Joel 1; 3; Mal. 4

Sharruma, 2 Chron. 1; Ps. 84; Isa. 41

Shu, Genesis Introduction; Job 22; Ps. 8

Sin, Num. 28; Job 31

Snake Goddess, Eccl. 10

Storm God, Ex. 9; 25; Judg. 4; 1 Sam. 2; Isa. 29

Tanit, Judg. 11

Thoth, Genesis Introduction; Deut. 1; Prov. Introduction; 16; Eccl. 3

Tiamat, Gen. 1

Utu, Job 26

Wadjet, Ex. 7

Warrior God (Assyrian), Ex. 25

Zeus, Dan. 11

Divination

Divination Letter, 1 Kings 14

Diviner Drawing, Dan. 2

Dream Book (Egypt), Gen. 40

Dream omen tablet (Sippar), Dan. 1

Extispicy tablet, 2 Kings 16

Izbu Omens, Dan. 7

Liver Model, Lev. 19; Judg. 1; 2 Kings 16; 1 Chron. 14; Isa. 2; Ezek. 21

Lunar Eclipse Tablet, Jer. 10

Reading Entrails, 1 Chron. 14; Jer. 31

Omens from Sheep’s Stomach, Dan. 1

Sheep Intestines, Judg. 6

Drawings

Ahuramazda Drawing, Mal. 4

Chariot of Fire, 2 Kings 2

Cosmos, Job 9; Ps. 104; Isa. 40

Dagon Defeated, 1 Sam. 5

Diviner, Lev. 19; Dan. 2

Egyptian Cosmology, Gen. 1

Egyptian Gods, Gen. Introduction

Ezekiel’s Vision, Ezek. 1

House, Deut. 6

Ishtar Gate Drawing, Dan. 4

Jerusalem, 1 Kings 7

Khorsabad, Eccl. 2

Lachish Siege, Ezek. 26

Lampstand, Zech. 4

Leviathan, Job 41

Maltaya Divine Council, Job 1

Megiddo Gate, 2 Sam. 18

Priest’s Clothes, Ex. 29

Siege of Jerusalem, Jer. 21

Solomon’s Temple, Jer. 27

Temple of Dagan, Judg. 16

Ziggurat, Gen. 11

Excavations

“Stables” Hazor, Deut. 17

“Stables” Megiddo, 1 Kings 4; 2 Chron. 1; Mic. 5

Gibeah Palace, 1 Sam. 10

Samaria Palace (Omri/Ahab), 1 Kings 20; 2 Chron. 18; Mic. 1

Zimri-Lim’s Palace, 2 Kings 3

Excavations, Jerusalem

Gihon Towers, 1 Kings 1

House of Ahiel, Neh. 11

House of Bullae, 2 Chron. 36

Rock Quarry, Isa. 51

Stepped Stone/Millo, 1 Kings 7; 1 Chron. 11; Neh. 2; Mic. 4

David’s Palace, 2 Sam. 11; 1 Chron. 14

Broad Wall, 2 Kings 18; Neh. 3; Lam. 2; Zeph. 1

Wall of Nehemiah, Neh. 6

Flowing Water

Ashurbanipal’s Garden, Gen. 2; Zech. 14

Ea Seal, Joel 3

Enki, Gen. 1; Gen. 2; Job 26; Ezek. 28; 47

Gudea, Ps. 87

Inanna Temple, Gen. 2; Ezek. 47

Mari Fresco, Gen. 2; Ezek. 47

Mari Goddess, Ezek. 47

Nabu temple guardian, 1 Chron. 9

Shamash Plaque, Gen. 1

Stone water basin from temple of Assur, Gen. 4; Job 15

Water by Shrine, Ps. 46

Food and Food Production

Bakery, Lev. 2; Judg. 16; Hos. 7

Beer Jug, Judg. 14

Beer Making, Num. 6

Bread, Gen. 18; 1 Sam. 21; 2 Chron. 2

Bread Making, Gen. 40; Isa. 47

Churn, Job 10; Isa. 7

Cooking Meat, Mic. 3

Fig Gathering, Jer. 24

Fruit Bearing, Num. 13

Gleaning, Ruth 2

Grain, Ex. 21; Jer. 31

Grain Harvesting, Ruth 2; Isa. 17

Grain Mill, Ex. 11

Grain Offering, Lev. 2

Grain Piles, Ruth 3

Grain Threshing, 1 Sam. 23; Mic. 4

Grain Treading, Deut. 25

Grapes, Jer. 31

Iron Plow, Joel 3

Millstone, Deut. 24; Judg. 9; 2 Sam. 11

Oil Press, Josh. 24; Job 24; Hos. 2; 12

Olives, Jer. 31

Oven, Gen. 15

Pomegranates, 2 Chron. 3

Produce, Num. 11; Hos. 2

Threshing Floor, Ruth 3; 2 Sam. 24; 2 Chron. 3

Threshing Sledge, Ruth 3; 2 Sam. 24; Amos 1

Wheat, Judg. 15

Winnowing Grain, Ruth 2; Isa. 41; Jer. 15

Horns

Horned Alexander, Dan. 8

Horned Gods and Helmets, Ex. 34; Deut. 5; 20; 1 Sam. 2; Ps. 18; Isa. 14; Dan. 7; Obad.; Zech. 1

House

Four Room House, Deut. 6; Josh. Introduction; Josh. 7; Judg. 11; 19

Idols and Figurines

Baal, Judg. 2; 6; 1 Sam. 1; Ps. 135; Prov. 15; Jer. 2; Dan. 2

Canaanite Deity, Josh. 23; Isa. 44

Cult Figurine, Job 10

El, Gen. 14; Judg. 8; 1 Kings Introduction; Ps. 96

Fertility Figure, Gen. 11; Judg. 13; 1 Sam. 1

Idol Making, Ex. 20; Isa. 40; Jer. 10

Lama, Gen. 12

Molds for Goddess Images, Judg. 17; Jer. 44

Pillar Figurine, 1 Kings 16; Hos. 4

Qatna Idol, Isa. 2

Sebek-Re, Ex. 20

Sumerian Votive Statues, Lev. 27

Syrian God, Amos 2

Teraphim, Gen. 31

Ivory

Anointing Horn, 1 Sam. 16

Asherah, Judg. 2; Lam. 1

Cain and Abel, Gen. 4

Calf, Ex. 23

Cherubim, 1 Kings 7

Hazael, 1 Kings 19

Ishtar (“Mona Lisa”), Jer. 44

Lion Attack, 1 Kings 13

Lion Box, Amos 3

Megiddo Ivory, 1 Sam. 4; 1 Kings 10; Isa. 20; Ps. 99

Pomegranate, 1 Kings 7

Samaria Ivory, Ezek. 10

Sphinx, Amos 3

Warrior, Ps. 45

Woman, 1 Kings 22

Woman at the Window, Judg. 5; 1 Kings 6; 2 Kings 9

Jewelry

Ankle Bracelets, Isa. 3

Armband, Neh. 5

Bracelet, Gen. 24

Earring, Judg. 8

Finery, Isa. 3

Hathor Ring, Est. 3

Jewelry, Mic. 6

Necklace of Flies, Gen. 9

Ring, Jer. 22; Dan. 6; Hag. 2

Rings of Silver, Gen. 33

Silver, Isa. 1

Kings and Queens

Adad-nirari III, Jonah 3

Ahkenaten, Ex. 20; Num. 30; 2 Sam. 7; Song 1; Isa. 35

Alexander the Great, Dan. 8; 11

Amenhotep I, Ex. Introduction; Ps. 23

Antiochus Epiphanes IV, Dan. 8; 11

Apries, Jer. 36; 44

Ashurbanipal, 1 Sam. 8; 30; 2 Kings 21; Est. 5; Ps. 23; Isa. 28; 52; Zech. 3

Ashur-bel-kala, Gen. 9

Ashurnasirpal II, Judg. 4; 1 Sam. 9; 2 Chron. 33; Ps. 7; 45; Isa. 1; Ezek. 23

Bar-Rakib, 2 Kings 14

Bel-harran-bel-usur, 2 Sam. 5

Chephren, Deut. 32

Darius, Hag. 1; Zech. 1

Esarhaddon, 2 Kings 19; 2 Chron. 15; Isa. 37; Ezek. 11

Eshmunazor II, 1 Sam. 5

Etana, Deut. 32; Job 30

Gudea, Gen. 2; 1 Chron. 28; Ps. 87; 132; Zech. introduction

Hadadezer, 1 Kings 11

Hammurabi, Gen. Introduction; 10; 1 Sam. 8; Job 31; Ps. 19; 72; Isa. 1; 10

Hatshepsut, 1 Kings 2; Ps. 144; Jer. 13; Zech. 2

Hazael, 1 Kings 19

Horemheb, Deut. 1; Ps. 110

Idrimi, 1 Sam. 22

Jehu, 2 Kings 9

Khumban-khaltash III, 2 Chron. 33

Marduk-zakir-shumi, 2 Chron. 24

Meli-shipak II, Num. 28; Ps. 84; Isa. 13

Merneptah, Ex. 12

Merodach Baladan, 2 Kings 20; Isa. 39

Nabu-apla-iddina, Gen. 13

Napirasu, Est. 5

Naram Sin, Gen. 37; Deut. 20; Isa. 14

Necho, Jer. Introduction

Ombo, 1 Sam. 2

Osorkon, Deut. 17; Isa. 36

Ptolemy I, Dan. 11

Ptolemy VI, Dan. 11

Ramesses II, Ex. 1; 6; 9; 37; Josh. Introduction; Ps. 2; 82; Isa. 42; Ezek. 34; Hos. 1

Sargon II, 1 Sam. Introduction; 1 Kings Introduction; Isa. 6; 20; Joel 1

Sennacherib, 2 Kings 17; Ps. 51; Isa. 36; 47; Lam. 5; Jonah 3

Senusret III, Gen. 41

Sesostris, Num. 17

Seti I, Ex. 5; 13; Ps. 104

Shabako, Isa. 19

Shalmaneser III, 2 Kings 8; 9; 2 Chron. 21; Isa. 6

Shamshi-Adad V, Jonah Introduction

Taharqa, 2 Kings 19; 2 Chron. 32; Isa. 30; 37

Teumman, 2 Kings 8

Thutmose III, Ex. Introduction; Josh. 10

Tiglath-pileser III, 2 Kings 15; 1 Chron. 5; 2 Chron. 28; Isa. 1; 7; Jer. 23; Hos. Introduction; Jonah Introduction

Tudhaliya IV, 2 Chron. 1; Ps. 84; Isa. 41

Tukulti-Ninurta I, Isa. 46

Tutankhamun, 2 Chron. 9; Song Introduction

Ur-Nammu, Ezek. 40

Ur-Nanshe, Ex. 40; Hag. 1

Xerxes, Est. 4

Yerah Azar, 2 Chron. 27; Jer. 49

Zimri-Lim, Gen. 2; Ezek. 47

Lamp

Lamp, Job 18; Ps. 119; Jer. 25; Zech. 4

Lampstand, Zech. 4

Menorah, Ex. 25; Num. 8

Laws

Eshunna Laws, Ex. 22; 2 Sam. 2

Hammurabi’s Code, Deut. 5; 2 Kings 4; 8; Ps. 19; 72; Prov. 28; Isa. 1; Ezek. 34

Hittite Laws, Gen. 38

Lipit-Ishtar Law Code, Deut. 10; 2 Chron. 10

Middle Assyrian Laws, Ex. 22; Ruth 1; Hos. 2

Ur-Nammu Laws, Ex. 20; Lev. Introduction; Prov. 5

Uru-inimgina/ Urukagina Reforms, Lev. 19; Ezek. 22

Maps

Abram’s Travels, Area of, Gen. 11

Ancient Mesopotamia, Gen. 10

Ancient Near East in the Iron Age, 1 Sam. Introduction

Ancient Near East in the Seventh Century, Zeph. Introduction

Ancient Trade Routes, 2 Chron. 9

Aram Naharaim, Gen. 24

Aramean Invasion, 1 Kings 15

Ararat, Location of, Gen. 8

Ark’s Travels, Area of, 1 Chron. 13

Army Routes from Genesis 14, Gen. 14

Arnon to Jabbok Region, Judg. 11

Assyrian and Neo-Babylonian Empires, Jer. Introduction

Assyrian Control in the Ninth and Eighth Centuries BC, Jonah Introduction

Assyrian Invasion, Itinerary for, Isa. 10

Benjamin and Dan, Regions, Josh. 18

Benjamin’s Modest Size, 1 Sam. 9

Bethlehem, Judah and Ancient Routes, 1 Sam. 16

Calneh, Hamath and Gath, Amos 6

Canaan, Gen. 12; Deut. 1

Canaan in the Iron Age, Judg. 3

Canaan, Late Bronze Age, Ex. 6

Canaan, Territorial Boundaries of the Land, Num. 34

Central Campaign, Region, Josh. 8

Cities of Refuge, Josh. 20

Cities of the Plain, Gen. 13

Cities of Zechariah 9, Zech. 9

Cities Subject to Assyria, Isa. 10

Coalition against David, 2 Sam. 10

Cushites, Philistines and Arameans, Amos 9

Dab’a, Tell ed-, Region, Gen. 45

Danite Scouts, Judg. 18

David and Absalom, Movements of, 2 Sam. 15

David and the Ammonites, 1 Chron. 19

David, Ishbosheth and the Philistines, 2 Sam. 2

David’s “Mini-Empire”, 2 Sam. 8

David’s Exile, Region, 1 Sam. 22

David’s Flight, 1 Sam. 23

David’s Jerusalem, 2 Sam. 5

David’s Pursuit of the Philistines, 2 Sam. 5

David’s Raids, 1 Sam. 27

David’s Revenge on the Amalekites, 1 Sam. 30

Divided Kingdom, 2 Chron. 10

Division of the Kingdom, 1 Kings 12

Dothan Region, Gen. 37

Edom, Obad. Introduction

Edom, Seir and Arabia, Isa. 21

Egypt around 600 BC, Ezek. 29

Egypt in the Late Bronze Age, Ex. 1

Elijah and Elisha, 2 Kings 2

Elisha’s Area of Activity, 2 Kings 4

Empires at the End of the Seventh Century, Lam. Introduction

Ephraim and Manasseh, Territories, Josh. 16

Exodus, Possible Routes, Ex. 12

Four “Successor Kingdoms”, Dan. 8

Four Corners of the World, Isa. 11

Geography of the Ancient Near East, Gen. Introduction

Geshur, 2 Sam. 13

Gibeah, Bezek and Jabesh Gilead, 1 Sam. 11

Gibeon, Region, Josh. 9

Gideon’s Battles, Judg. 6

Gilead, Judg. 10

Hatti Land, Judg. 1

Hazael’s Campaign, 2 Kings 12

International Boundaries in the Sixth Century, Jer. 51

Iron Age Hill Country Sites, Josh. Introduction

Israel and Moab, Ruth 1

Israel in the Eighth Century BC, 2 Kings 16

Israel under David and Solomon, 1 Kings Introduction

Israel, Expansion of, Obad.

Israel, Land of, Judg. 1

Israelite Itinerary in the Wilderness, Num. 33

Jeremiah’s Cup of Wrath, Areas Experiencing, Jer. 25

Jeroboam II and Uzziah, Kingdoms of, 2 Chron. 26

Jeroboam’s Expansion, 2 Kings 14

Jerusalem at the Time of Nehemiah, Neh. 11

Jerusalem Water Systems, 2 Sam. 5

Journey from Beersheba to Bethel, Gen. 28

Judah and Jerusalem, Isa. Introduction

Judah, Edom and Moab, 2 Kings 3

Judah, Territory, Josh. 15

King’s Highway, Num. 20

Kings of the East, Regions, Gen. 14

Lebanon and the Coastal Regions, Josh. 13

Levant and the Settlement, Josh. 13

Levant in the Early Sixth Century, Jer. 35

Levant in the Second Millennium, Josh. 1

Levitical Cities, Josh. 21

Levitical Cities and Cities of Refuge, Num. 35

Libnah, 2 Kings 8

List of Lands That Remain, Josh. 13

Locations and Movements of People and Groups, Judg. 4

Major Highway Systems of Syria-Palestine, Deut. 2

Major Parties and Cities in the Syro-Ephraimite War, Hos. 5

Manassite Territories, 1 Chron. 7

Midian, Ex. 2

Mitanni and Hittite Kingdoms, Josh. 3

Moab, Judg. 11; Isa. 15

Moabites and Ammonites, Gen. 19

Mount Sinai, Possible Locations, Ex. 19

Nations in Amos, Amos 1

Nations Targeted in Isaiah’s Prophecies, Isa. 13

Near East in the Ninth Century BC, 2 Kings 7

Necho’s Advance, 2 Kings 23

Neo-Assyrian Campaigns in Israel and Judah, 2 Chron. 28

Neo-Babyolonian Empire, Dan. Introduction

Northern Campaign, Region, Josh. 11

Northern Kingdom of Israel under Assyrian Rule, Isa. 9

Northern Tribes, Regions, Josh. 19

Persian Advance on Babylon, Dan. 5

Persian Empire, Dan. 6

Persian Empire in the Time of Darius I, Zech. 1

Persian Empire, Satrapies, Hag. 1

Persian Empire: India to Cush, Est. 1

Persian Provinces, Ezra 5

Philistia, Shephelah and Samson’s Travels, Judg. 14

Philistine Area and Region of Moriah, Gen. 22

Philistine Raiding Parties, 1 Sam. 13

Philistine Territory, 1 Sam. 4

Philistines and Israelites, 1 Sam. 17

Places in Joshua 12, Josh. 12

Pool of Gibeon, Battle at, 2 Sam. 2

Province of Yehud, Ezra 2

Psalm 60, Cities and Regions in, Psa. 60

Ptolemy I and Seleucus I, Realms, Dan. 11

Rainfall in Israel, Deut. 1

Re(e)d Sea, Possible Locations, Ex. 13

Rehoboam, Cities Fortified by, 2 Chron. 11

Rivers of Eden, Gen. 2

Samaria and the Coastal Highway, 2 Kings 1

Samaria, Region, Josh. 17

Samuel’s Circuit, 1 Sam. 7

Saul’s Last Stand, 1 Sam. 28

Shalmaneser III, Area of the Invasion of, 2 Kings 9

Shephelah, Mic. 1

Shephelah, Border Towns, 1 Sam. 23

Sinai Peninsula and the Book of Numbers, Num. Introduction

Solomon’s Districts, 1 Kings 4

Solomon’s Kingdom, 2 Chron. 7

Sorek Valley, Judg. 13

Southern Campaign, Region, Josh. 10

Sumer, Gen. 11

Syro–Ephraimite War, Parties in the, Isa. 7

Table of Nations, Gen. 10

Territories in Ezekiel 38, Ezek. 38

Tiglath-pileser III, Area Absorbed by, 2 Kings 15

Tribal Activities, Areas of, Judg. 1

Ziklag, Possible Sites, 1 Sam. 27

Metal

Gold Mining Map, Job 28

Gold Production, Job 28

Gold Weighing, Lev. 19

Metal Shop, Prov. 17

Metalworkers, Prov. 11; Isa. 40

Silver, Isa. 1; Jer. 32; Mic. 6

Silver Refining, Ps. 12; Isa. 48; Mal. 3

Silver Rings, Gen. 33; Prov. 2

Mourning

Dust on Head, 2 Sam. 13; Est. 4; Job 2

Mourners, 2 Sam. 1; Isa. 15; Lam. 1; Ezek. 24

Mourning Procession, Deut. 26

Mourning Women, Deut. 5; Jer. 2; 9; Lam. Introduction

Sackcloth, Gen. 37; Jer 4

Music

Cymbals, 1 Chron. 15; Ps. 150

Flute, Judg. 5; 1 Kings 1; Dan. 3

Harp, Gen. 4; Ex. 34; 1 Chron. 15; Lam. Introduction; Dan. 3; Amos 6

Harpist, 1 Chron. 25; Ps. 49; 96; 137; 150; Eccl. 9

Lute Player, 1 Sam. 16; Ps. 96

Musical Notation, Ps. Introduction; 150

Musicians, 1 Sam. 4; 10; 2 Sam. 6; 1 Kings 10; Neh. 12; Job 21; Ps. 99; Eccl. 1; Isa. 5; 20; 30; 40

Shofar, Josh. 6; Judg. 3; 7

Tambourine, Ex. 15; Judg. 11; 1 Chron. 15; Jer. 31

Trumpet, Num. 10; 1 Chron. 15; Ps. 98; Dan. 3

Net

Animals and Enemies, Hab. 1

Bird Hunting, Num. 11; Ps. 124; Ezek. 13

Fishing, Isa. 19

Hunting, Job 18

Hunting Nets, Ps. 140

Prisoners in Net, 2 Sam. 22; Job 19; Isa. 8; Ezek. 17

Offerings

Anthropoidic Terracotta Cult Stand, Mal. 1

Balawat, 1 Chron. 14

Bread, Lev. 24

Bull, Ex. 29; Lev. 1; Num. 6; 1 Sam. 1; 13; Ps. 50; 51

Cult Stand, 2 Chron. 4; Isa. 17

Cult Stand, Ashdod, 1 Sam 10

Cult Stand, Pella, 2 Kings 13

Cult Stand, Snake, Jer. 7

Cult Stand, Taanach, Ex. 25; 1 Chron. 13; Ezek. 8; Hos. 1

Egyptian Priest, Lev. 16

Food Offering, Lev. 3; Isa. 1; Hag. 2; Mal. 1

Goat, Judg. 13

Grain Offering, Lev. 2; Josh. 5

Incense, Isa. 1

Incense censer, Num. 16

Incense Offering, Lev. 10; Num. 16; 2 Kings 3; 2 Chron. 2

Iuny Stele, 2 Chron. 2

King Making Offering, 1 Sam. 13

Libation, 1 Sam. 7; Ps. 20

Libation after Lion Hunt, 2 Kings 21

Libation Stele, Isa. 57

Libation Vessel, 1 Kings 18; Ezra 1

Offering for Osiris, Num. 18

Offering Table, 1 Sam. 28

Offering to the Dead, Isa. 57

Osorkon, Deut. 17

Sebek-Re, Ex. 20

Shovel, 1 Kings 7

Snake Vase, Isa. 27

Stands, Movable, 1 Kings 7; 2 Chron. 4

Thigh Offering, Num. 6

Votive Dog, Deut. 23

Votive Figure, Ps. 23

Votive Rodent, 1 Sam. 6

Votives, Num. 30

War Camp Sacrifice, 1 Sam. 7

Wave Offering, Num. 18; 2 Chron. 6; Isa. 30

Pedestal

Animals, Deut. 5; Job 1; Ps. 82

Bull, Num. 25; 1 Sam. 2; 1 Kings 12; Job 36; Zech. 9

Calf, 2 Chron. 11

Crocodiles, Ps. 58

Eagle, Deut. 32

Lion, Deut. 7; Isa. 11

Winged Sphinx, Gen. 3; Exod. 25; Isa. 6; Ps. 18

Plants

Acacia Tree, Ex. 27; Deut. 10

Almond Tree, Jer. 1

Balm, Jer. 8

Broom Tree, 1 Kings 19

Calamus, Isa. 43

Cedars, 1 Kings 5; Ps. 29; Ezek. 17; 26; 27

Fig Tree, Mic. 4

Flax, Josh. 2; Isa. 19

Hyssop, Ex. 12; Lev. 14; Ps. 51

Lotus, Song 5

Lulav, Ezra 3

Mandrake, Gen. 30

Myrtle, Est. 2

Olive Tree, Gen. 8; Jer. 11; Josh. 24

Palm Tree, 1 Chron. 9; 2 Chron. 3; Ps. 92; Song 7

Papyrus, Job 8

Tamarisk Tree, 1 Sam. 22

Thorn Bush, Judg. 9

Tree Stump, Isa. 11

Wheat, Judg. 15

Pottery

Potter, Jer. 18

Potter Model, Jer. 18

Pottery, Ex. 15; 29; Josh. Introduction; Judg. 7; 14; 1 Sam. 16; 26; 1 Kings 17; Isa. 7; Jer. 19; Jer. 32

Pottery Kiln, Gen. 15

Reconstructions

Bakery, Lev. 2; Judg. 16; Isa. 28; Hos. 7

Breastplate of High Priest, Ex. 28

Brewery, Isa. 28

Dan Gate, Judg. 8

Four Room House, Josh. Introduction

Incense Altar, Ex. 30

Ishtar Gate Model, Jer. 50

Jerusalem Model, 2 Kings 11

Livestock Counting, Num. 18; Judg. 3

Megiddo Gate Model, 2 Chron. 35

Menorah, Num. 8

Nineveh Model, Jonah 3

Nineveh Walls, Nah. Introduction

Phoenician Ship Model, 2 Chron. 8

Susa Model, Est. 1

Tabernacle, Ex. 27; Num. 1

Ur, Gen. 11

Weaver’s Workshop, Judg. 16; Isa. 19

Ziggurat Model, Dan. 1

Reliefs, Anatolian

Boghaz-Koy Altar, Ex. 32

Chariot Trampling, Ps. 66

Illuyankas, Job 7

Hittite God protecting King, 2 Chron. 1; Ps. 84; Isa. 41

Hittite Storm God, Ex. 9; Isa. 29

Maltaya Procession of Gods, Deut. 5

Musical Procession, 2 Sam. 6

Shofar, Judg. 7; Ps. 98; Dan. 3

Reliefs/Paintings, Egyptian

Abu Simbel, 1 Kings 20; 2 Chron. 18; Ps. 47; 82; Jer. 5

Abydos King List, Ex. Introduction

Akhenaten, Ex. 20; Song 1

Amenemhet, Eccl. 4

Amenhotep I, Ps. 23

Amenhotep III, Job 19

Amun, Gen. 1

Amun-Re, Ex. 10; Jer. 46

Ankh for Pharaoh, Ps. 72

Ankhmahor Tomb, Gen. 17; Ex. 20; Josh. 5; Ps. 12

Anointing of Pharaoh, 1 Sam. 2; 10; 1 Kings 1; 1 Chron. 11; Isa. 45

Anubis, Hag. 2

Apis, Ex. 9

Apophis, Gen. 3

Aten, Deut. 6

Beer Drinking, Prov. 20

Beer Making, Num. 6

Beni Hassan, Gen. 12; 37; Deut. 22; 1 Sam. 16

Bird Hunting, Ps. 124; Ezek. 13

Birthing Stool, Ex. 1

Boundary Stone, Hos. 5

Breath of Life, Lam. 4

Bull, Lev. 1; 1 Sam. 1

Bull Palette, Ex. 21

Butehamun Sarcophagus, Isa. 42

Cattle Sacrifice, Ps. 50

Chariot, 2 Chron. 1

Clapping Hands, Ps. 47

Cow, Deut. 22

Cows Following Calf, 1 Sam. 6

Cutting Down Trees, Deut. 20

Dancing, 1 Chron. 15; Ps. 149

Decimation of Army, 1 Sam. 14

Defeated Enemies, Gen. 10

Deir el Bahri, Ps. 74; Isa. 2; 62

Deity Conferring Authority, Num. 27

Dendera, Isa. 66

Donkeys, 1 Sam. 9

Ear Tablet, Gen. 35; Isa. 6; Ps. 116

Edfu, Ex. 25; Ezek. 18; Hab. 1

Edfu Birth House, Isa. 49

Egyptian Produce, Num. 11

Enemies as Footstool, Ps. 110

Ennead, Ex. 10

Esna, 2 Sam. 14; Isa. 45

Faience Tiles, Num. 13

Fig Gathering, Jer. 24

Fighting Men, Deut. 25

Food Offering, Lev. 3

Fruit Bearing, Num. 13

Gleaning, Ruth 2

Gods Giving Life, 2 Sam. 7

Gold Production, Job 28

Grain Harvesting, Isa. 17

Grain Treading, Deut. 25

Gua, Job 33

Hapy, Ex. 8

Harpist, 1 Chron. 25

Hathor, Ex. 9

Hathor, Isis, and Amun, Isa. 57

Hatshepsut, Num. 16; 2 Sam. 7; Ps. 20; 132; Zech. 2

Hesire, Ps. 45

Horemheb Stele, Deut. 1

Horemheb Tomb, Lev. 9

Idol Making, Isa. 40

Incense Burner, Lev. 10

Inherka Tomb, Ex. 6

Investiture of Vizier Paser, Gen. 41

Ity Tomb, Gen. 9; Ex. 29

Iuny Stele, Lev. 24

Karnak, 2 Sam. 1; 1 Kings 1; 14; 1 Chron. Introduction; 2 Chron. 12; Ps. 2; 18; Isa. 9; Jer. 13

Khnum, Gen. 2; Job 10

Kom Ombo, Lev. 23; 1 Sam. 2; 1 Chron. 11; Isa. 62

Lady Taperet, Ps. 28

Lamb, Ex. 12

Libation Stele, Isa. 57

Luxor, Gen. 2; 1 Sam. 7; 13; 1 Kings 3; Isa. 5; 28

Maʿat, Deut. 5; Isa. 40

Maya Tomb, Jer. 10

Medinet Habu, Ex. 15; 19; 37; Josh. 3; Judg. 3; 8; 1 Sam. 4; 6; 17; 2 Sam. 2; Job 12; Ps. 84

Memphis, Lam. 1

Menna Tomb, Ex. 2; Ruth 2; 3; 1 Sam. 23; Prov. 29; Song 3; Jer. 15; Mic. 4

Mereruka Mastaba, Isa. 19

Mereruka Tomb, Ex. 10; Prov. 17; Isa. 48; Mal. 3

Merneptah, Judg. Introduction; 2 Kings 3

Meryre Tomb, Deut. 27

Min, Isa. 65

Mourning Procession, Deut. 26

Mourning Woman, 2 Sam. 13; Est. 4; Job 2; Jer. 2

Musicians, Isa. 5

Nakht Tomb, Gen. 9; Judg. 6; Ruth 2; Eccl. 1; Isa. 10; Jer. 25

Narmer Palette, Ex. 17

Nebamun Tomb, Ex. 22; Job 8; 21

Nefertari Tomb, Deut. 4; Ezek. 23

Nefertiabt Stele, Lev. 2

Nekhbet, Lam. 4

Nespawershepi Coffin, Ex. 7; Job 22; Ps. 72; Prov. 16; Isa. 24

Nikaure, Ruth 1

Nubian Warriors, Jer. 46

Nursing Tree, Isa. 57

Nut and Shu, Ps. 8

Offering for Osiris, Num. 18

Offering to the Dead, Isa. 57

Ounsu Tomb, Ex. 21

Panekhmen Tomb, Lev. 19; Prov. 11

Papyrus Boat, Isa. 18

Perfumer’s Workshop, Ps. 133

Petosiris Tomb, Num. 6

Pharaoh before Gods, 1 Sam. 24

Pharaoh Crowned by Gods, Deut. 17

Pharaoh on Chariot, Ex. 14

Pharaoh Selected by Gods, Josh. 1

Pharaoh Smiting, Num. 24; Deut. 2; Neh. 13; Ezek. 30

Ptahhotep, Hos. 14

Qenamun Tomb, Gen. 40

Quail, Ex. 16

Queen of Punt, 2 Chron. 9

Ramesses II, Ex. 9; 26; 2 Sam. 8; 2 Chron. 11; Ps. 2; Isa. 42; Ezek. 8

Ramesses III, Josh. 12

Ramesses VI Tomb, Isa. 26; Job 7; Ps. 147

Ramose Tomb, Ps. 86; Isa. 15; Jer. 9

Re-Horakhty, Job 11

Rekhmere Tomb, Ex. 1

Saqqara, Ex. 15; Num. 11; Deut. 7; Judg. 11; 1 Kings 10; 2 Kings 6; 1 Chron. 15; Job 9; 40; Prov. 3; Isa. 55; Jer. 31; Lam. Introduction; Ezek. 29; Jonah 1

Sebekhotep Tomb, 1 Sam. 16; Jer. 13

Sebek-Re, Ex. 20

Sennedjem Tomb, Gen. 50; Ps. 1; Prov. 1; Isa. 19; 38

Sesostris, Num. 17; Isa. 9

Seti I, Gen. 15; 36; Ex. 13; Ps. 104

Seti I and Ramesses II, Ex. 7

Sickle Sword, Josh. 8

Sidelocks, Lev. 19

Snake Heads, Gen. 3

Snake Standing, Ex. 7

Syrian Prisoner, Judg. 5

Taharqa, 2 Kings 19

Tassels, Num. 15

Telloh, Lev. 16

Thigh Offering, Num. 6

Thutmose III, Num. 33; Josh. 10; Ezek. 37

Trampling of Shasu, Judg. 5

Tutankhamun, Judg. 1; Song Introduction

Unas Tomb, Job 19; Ezek. 5

Userhet Tomb, Jer. 13; Ezek. 5; Hos. 2

Votive Offering, Num. 30

Wadjet, Ex. 7

War Standard, Num. 1

Wave Offering, Num. 18

Wine Offering, 2 Chron. 6

Winged Sun, Num. 9

Women Mourning, Deut. 5

Reliefs, Mesopotamian

Ahuramazda and Ahriman, Zech. Introduction

Archer, Ps. 11

Ashurbanipal, Gen. 2; 1 Sam. 8; 30; 2 Kings 15; 21; 1 Chron. 1; 2 Chron. 21; Est. 5; Job 18; Ps. 23; Isa. 21; 30; Jer. 4; 46; 51; Ezek. 12; Nah. 3; Zech. 14

Ashur-bel-kala, Gen. 9

Ashurnasirpal II, Judg. 3; 4; 1 Kings 18; 20; 1 Chron. 14; Ps. 7; 45; Prov. 3; Isa. 1; 52; Ezek. 29; Amos 3

Assyrian Scribes, Hab. 2

Assyrian Slave Labor, 2 Chron. 2

Balawat, Deut. 20; 21; Judg. 1; 5; 1 Sam. 13; 31; 2 Sam. 4; 1 Chron. 10; 14; 2 Chron. 21; 24; Isa. 2; 23; 45; Jer. 29; Lam. 1; Ezek. 22; 26; Amos 2; Mic. 1; Nah. 1

Bowing Before Ruler, Est. 3

Captured Flocks, Num. 31

Cedar Transport, 2 Sam. 7; 1 Kings 6; 2 Chron. 2

Chariot, 1 Kings 1; 1 Chron. 18

Cupbearer, Neh. 1

Cutting Trees, Isa. 1

Darius, Jer. 2; Dan. 7

Ebla, Ps. 110

Egyptian Fortress, Jer. 46

Elamite King, 2 Kings 8; 2 Chron. 33

Elamite Prisoners, 1 Sam. 17; Ps. 2

Esarhaddon, 2 Chron. 15

Eunuch, Deut. 23; Est. 1; Isa. 39

Garden, Ps. 1

Genie, 1 Sam. 2; Ezek. 17; 28; Zech. 5

Hard Labor, 2 Sam. 3

Harpist, Ps. 137; Eccl. 9

Heads, 1 Sam. 17; 2 Kings 10; Ps. 23; Jer. 34; Nah. 3

Hero and Lion, Gen. 6

Hunting, Job 29

Hunting Tools, Ps. 140

Inanna Temple, Gen. 2

Lachish, Num. 25; 1 Sam. 7; 2 Sam. 10; 20; 21; 1 Kings 16; 2 Kings 6; 18; 1 Chron. 28; 2 Chron. 28; 32; Ezra 9; Neh. 8; Est. 2; Ps. 95; 107; Isa. Introduction; 13; 22; 23; 36; 47; 66; Jer. 6; 8; 38; Nah. 2; Hab. 1

Lion Hunting, 1 Sam. 15; 17; 2 Sam. 23; 1 Chron. 11; Jer. 22; 27; Nah. 2

Mourners, Ezek. 24

Nimrud, Isa. 18; 40; 42; 51; 59; Dan. 6; Zech. 5

Nineveh, Isa. 7

Persepolis, Neh. 2; 12; Job 32; Isa. 5; 13; Zech. 1

Persian Immortals, Est. 9; Jer. 49

Plundering, 2 Chron. 36

Prisoners, 1 Kings 20; Ezra 9; Jer. 13; 39; Lam. Introduction

Reading Entrails, 1 Chron. 14; Jer. 31

Sacred Tree, Ex. 25

Sargon II, 1 Sam. Introduction; 2; Ps. 25; Isa. 6; 20; 36; Joel 1

Scribes, Ezek. 2

Sennacherib, Isa. 36; 47; Jer. 34; Lam. 5; Ezek. 27; Jonah 3

Servants, Deut. 22

Shalmaneser III, Judg. 3; 1 Sam. 24; 2 Sam. 8; 2 Kings 9; Ps. 68; Isa. 31; 60; Lam. 5; Ezek. 16

Shamash, Isa. 66

Shamash Plaque, Gen. 1

Siege, Jer. 21; Ezek. 4

Spinner, Prov. 31

Spoil, Obad.

Stone Basin Reliefs, Gen. 4; Job 15

Susa, 1 Chron. 9; Ezek. 39

Swimming, 1 Chron. 12

Tell Halaf, Gen. 24; Josh. 6; 1 Sam. 17; Isa. 6, Job 41

Tiglath-pileser III, Deut. 1; Josh. 8; 1 Sam. 5; 1 Kings 20; 2 Chron. 25; Job 1; Ps. 48; Isa. 7; 46; Hos. 10

Til Barsip, Isa. 11; Ezek. 23

Til-Tuba, 1 Sam. 4; 22; 2 Sam. 21; Ps. 79; Ezek. 32

Ugallu, Ezek. 13

Ur-Nanshe, Ex. 40

Uruk, Gen. 10

Vulture, Jer. 48; Ezek. 17

Vulture with Intestines, 1 Kings 14

Warrior on Cherub, Ex. 25

Water by Shrine, Ps. 46

Water Supply Cut Off, Jer. 8

Xerxes, Est. 4

Sacred Tree

Cherub and Tree, Gen. 3; 1 Kings 7; Ezek. 41

God as Tree, Dan. 4

Nursing Tree, Isa. 57; Ezek. 31

Sacred Tree, Ex. 25; 1 Sam. 10; 1 Kings 8; 2 Chron. 11; 14; Prov. 3; Isa. 1; Jer. 17; Ezek. 17; 28; Mic. 1; Zech. 5

Stylized Tree (Asherah Pole?), Deut. 7; 2 Chron. 14; Jer. 17

Scribes

Assyrian Scribes, 1 Chron. 34; Jer. 17; 36; Ezek. 2; Dan. 1; Hab. 2

Baboon and Scribe, Prov. Introduction

Egyptian Scribes, 1 Chron. 2; Ezra 7; Est. 8; Prov. Introduction; Jer. 13; 30; 36; 45

Scribal Kit, Isa. 8

Writing Board, Ezek. 37

Seals and Seal Impressions

Adaniyahu, 1 Kings 18

Ahuramazda, Ezek. 10

Amos, Amos 1

Anzu, Ps. 139

Astral Symbols, Deut. 5; ; Job 9; 38; Amos 5; Zech. 12

Baalis, Jer. 40

Banquet, Isa. 5; Obad.

Baruch, Jer. 32

Bashmu, Gen. 3

Divine Council, Ps. 82

Ea, Joel 3

Elhanan, Job 14

Enki, Gen. 2; Ex. 34; Job 26; Ezek. 28; 47

Etana, 2 Kings 2; Job 30

Gedaliah, Jer. 40

Genies and Sacred Tree, Gen. 3

Gilgamesh & Bull of Heaven, Gen. 2

Gilgamesh & Huwawa, Jonah Introduction

Glowing Deity, Isa. 2; Hab. 3

Grain Offering, Josh. 5

Hezekiah, 2 Chron. 32; Isa. 6; 10

Hoshayahu, Hos. Introduction

Ishtar, Isa. 6

Jaazaniah, Neh. 5

Jezebel, 1 Kings 16

Lachish Scarabs, Gen. 38

LMLK Seal, 2 Kings 18

Lord of Animals, Gen. 2

Lord of the Ostriches, Job 39

Marduk over Tiamat, Gen. 1

Muršili II, Lev. 26

Mushezib-Ninurta, 1 Sam. 10

Nergal, Ex. 12

Palm Tree, Judg. 4

Pedayah, 1 Chron. 3

Presentation to Deity, Ps. 42

Sacred Tree, Mic. 1

Shema Servant of Jeroboam, Judg. 2; 1 Kings 12

Shepherd, Isa. 40

Shining God, Ex. 40

Sin, Job 31

Storm Deity on Griffin, Ex. 25

Yishmael, Ps. 42

Yohoahaz, Zeph. 1

Ziggurat, Gen. 11

Sea Peoples

Ekron Inscription, 1 Kings 2

Medinet Habu, Ex. 15; Judg. 3; 1 Sam. 4; 6; 17; 2 Sam. 21

Philistine Beer Jug, Judg. 14

Philistine Cult Stand, 1 Sam. 10

Philistine Jug, 1 Sam. 16

Philistine Ship, Jonah 1

Philistine Temple, Judg. 16; 1 Sam. 5

Ships

Balawat, Judg. 5; Isa. 23; Ezek. 26; Amos 2

Egyptian Ship, Gen. 6; 1 Kings 10

Floating Cedars, 2 Sam. 5; 1 Kings 6; 2 Chron. 2

Medinet Habu, 2 Sam. 21

Papyrus Boat, Isa. 18; Job 9

Philistine Ship, Jonah 1

Phoenician Ship, 2 Chron. 8; Isa. 33; Ezek. 27

Ramesses VI Tomb, Ps. 147

Sailors, Jonah 1

Sacred Barque, Ex. 7; 25; Ps. 2; 19; 132

Trading Ship, Isa. 2; 5

Sites

Abusir, Eccl. 11

Acco, Dan. 11

Adam, Judg. 12; Hos. 6

Adullam, 1 Chron. 11

Ai (et-Tell), Josh. 7

Aijalon, Judg. 1

Aijalon Valley, 1 Sam. 14

Akrabim, Josh. 15

Amman, Plain North of, Num. 21

Anathoth, Jer. 1

Aphek, 1 Sam. 4; 1 Kings 20

Arad, Deut. 3; 1 Sam. 10; 1 Chron. 18; 2 Chron. 3; Prov. 8; Isa. 32

Araq el-Emir, Neh. 2

Ararat, Gen. 8

Arnon, Deut. 2

Arnon, Nahal, 1 Kings 17

Aroer, Jer. 48

Ashdod, 1 Sam. 5; Zech. 9

Ashdod Yam, Neh. 4

Ashkelon, Judg. 1; 14; Jer. 47

Azekah, Josh. 10; Jer. 34

Baal Meon, Ezek. 25

Bab-edh Dhra (Sodom?), Gen. 19

Babylon, 2 Kings 17; Isa. 13

Banias, Ps. 42; Dan. 11

Bashan, Josh. 12; Jer. 50

Beersheba, Gen. 22; Deut. 13; Josh. 2; 7; Judg. 19; 1 Sam. 8; 1 Kings 19; 2 Chron. 26; Neh. 11

Beitin (Bethel), Gen. 12; Josh. 8

Benjamin, 1 Kings Introduction

Besor, Nahal, 1 Sam. 30

Bet Netofa Valley, Josh. 18

Beth Horon, Josh. 10; 1 Chron. 7; 14; 2 Chron. 8

Beth Shean, 1 Sam. 31; 1 Chron. 10

Beth Shemesh, Judg. 1; 14; 1 Sam. 6; 2 Kings 14; 2 Chron. 25

Bethel (see Beitin), Judg. 1; Hos. 4

Bethlehem, 1 Sam. 16; Ruth 1; Mic. 5

Bethsaida, Deut. 17; 1 Kings 14

Bezek Region, 1 Sam. 11

Bornat, Tell (Libnah), Josh. 10

Bozrah, Judg. 5; Isa. 34; Jer. 49

Caesarea, Dan. 9

Carmel, 1 Sam. 25

Chinnereth, Josh. 11

Daba’, Tell ed-, Gen. 47

Dan, Num. 22; Deut. 12; 2 Sam. 18; 1 Kings 6; 12; 20; 1 Chron. 26; Ps. 78; Isa. 2; Jer. 4; Amos 5; 8

Debir, Josh. 10

Deir ʿAlla (Succoth), Gen. 33; Judg. 8

Delta and Nile Valley, Ex. 1

Dothan, Gen. 37; 2 Kings 6

Ebla, 1 Kings 6

Edom, Job 1

Ein Hatzeva, Mal. 1

Ein Musa, Ex. 15

Ekron, Josh. 13

Elah Valley, 1 Sam. 17; 2 Kings 18

Elath, Amos 1

Elephantine, Ezra 10; Jer. 43; Ezek. 30

En Gedi, 1 Sam. 23; Jer. 17

En Rogel, 1 Kings 1

Endor, 1 Sam. 28

Ephraim, Judg. 17

Eshtaol, Judg. 13

Et-Tell (Ai), Josh. 7

Euphrates, Jer. 2

Ezion Geber, 1 Kings 9

Gath, 1 Sam. 5; Mic. 1

Gaza, Judg. 16

Geba, 1 Sam. 10

Gerar, Gen. 20; 2 Chron. 14

Geshur, 1 Chron. 5

Gezer, Josh. 10; 1 Kings 9

Gibeah, Judg. 19; 1 Sam. 10

Gibeon, Josh. 9; 2 Sam. 2; 1 Kings 3; 1 Chron. 16; 2 Chron. 1; Jer. 41; 48

Gilead, Gen. 31; Num. 32; Jer. 22

Haran, Gen. 11

Harod Spring, Judg. 7

Harod Valley, 1 Sam. 29

Hattin, Horns of, Josh. 11

Hazor, Deut. 17; Josh. 11; Judg. 4; 1 Kings 9; Ezek. 20; Dan. 9

Hebron, Gen. 25; Num. 13; Josh. 14; 2 Sam. 2; 1 Chron. 3

Heshbon, Num. 32; Judg. 11; Song 7

Hinnom Valley, 2 Chron. 28; Jer. 7

Huleh Valley, Judg. 18

Jabbok River, Gen. 32; Deut. 2; 1 Kings 12

Jabesh-Gilead, Judg. 21; 1 Sam. 11; 1 Chron. 10

Jalul, Tell el-, Deut. 2

Jarmuth, Josh. 10

Jericho, Deut. 34; Josh. 2; 4; 6; Judg. 3; 2 Kings 2

Jericho Road, 2 Kings 25; Jer. 52

Jerusalem, 2 Sam. 5; 1 Kings 7; 1 Chron. 15; 21; Ps. 48; Lam. 4

Jezreel, 1 Kings 21; 2 Chron. 22; Hos. 1

Jezreel Valley, Josh. 19; 2 Kings 23; Jer. 46

Jokneam, Josh. 12

Joppa, Jonah 1

Jordan near Jericho, Judg. 3

Jordan River, Josh. 3; 1 Kings 12; 2 Kings 2; Jer. 12

Judean Hills, Jer. 5

Kadesh-Barnea, Num. 13; Deut. 1

Karnak, Ps. 84

Keilah, 1 Sam. 23

Kerak (Kir Hareseth), 2 Kings 3

Kidron Valley, 2 Kings 23; Jer. 26

Kir Hareseth (el-Kerak), 2 Kings 3

Kiriath-jearim, Josh. 9; 1 Sam. 6; 1 Chron. 13

Kishon River, Judg. 4

Lachish, 1 Kings 14; 2 Chron. 32; Neh. 2; Jer. 33; 34; Mic. 1

Lebanon Mountains, Ezek. 17

Libnah, (Tell Bornat), Josh. 10

Luxor, Prov. 9

Mahanaim, Gen. 32; 2 Sam. 2

Malhatah, Tel, Num. 21

Mamre, Gen. 13

Maresha, 1 Chron. 4; Jer. 38

Mari, 2 Kings 3

Masada, 1 Sam. 22; Jer. 6

Masos, Tell, Num. 14; 1 Sam. 15

Megiddo, Josh. 12; 1 Kings 4; 9; 2 Kings 9; 23; 2 Chron. 1; 35; Mic. 5

Michmash, 1 Sam. 13

Miryam, Tell, Josh. 7

Mizpah, Judg. 20; 1 Sam. 7; 2 Chron. 16; Jer. 25; 40

Moab Plains, Ruth 1

Moresheth Gath, Mic. 1

Mt. Carmel, 1 Kings 18; Isa. 35

Mt. Ebal, Deut. 27; Josh. 8; Judg. 9; 1 Kings 3

Mt. Gerizim, Deut. 27; Judg. 9

Mt. Gilboa, 1 Sam. 31; 1 Chron. 10

Mt. Hermon, Deut. 3; Judg. 3; Ps. 29; Song 4; Jer. 18

Mt. Moreh, Judg. 7; 1 Sam. 28

Mt. Nebo, Deut. 32

Mt. Olives, Zech. 14

Mt. Tabor, Judg. 4

Mt. Zion, Jer. 31

Nebi Samwil, 1 Kings 3; 1 Chron. 16

Negev, Gen. 12; 1 Sam. 26; Jer. 17

Nile River, Ex. 1; Isa. 19

Nineveh, Jonah 3; Nah. Introduction

Ophrah, Judg. 8

Paran Wilderness, Num. 10

Penuel, Deut. 2; Judg. 8; 1 Kings 12

Perath (Ein Parat), Jer. 13

Persepolis, Est. Introduction; 1; 2

Pisgah, Deut. 3

Pithom (Tell el-Retabeh), Ex. 1

Punon, 2 Chron. 4

Rabbah, 1 Chron. 20

Ramah, 1 Sam. 1

Ramoth Gilead, 1 Kings 22

Rephaim Valley, Josh. 15; Isa. 17

Retabeh, Tell el- (Pithom), Ex. 1

Rogem Hiri, Josh. 7

Sa’idiyeh, Tell es-, (Zarethan), Josh. 3

Samaria, 1 Kings 16; 20; 2 Chron. 18; Isa. 58; Mic. 1

Sela, Isa. 16; 42; Obad.; Mal. 1

Sharon Plain, Isa. 33

Shechem, Gen. 12; Deut. 27; Josh. 20; 24; Judg. 9; 2 Chron. 10

Shiloh, Josh. 18; Judg. 18; 1 Sam. 1; 1 Kings 14; Jer. 7

Shunem, 1 Sam. 28

Sidon Area, Judg. 3

Sinai, Ex. 3; 17; 19; Deut. 4; Isa. 33; Mal. 4

Sinai Wilderness, Lev. Introduction

Sodom(?), Bab-edh Dhra, Gen. 19

Sorek Valley, Judg. 13

Succoth (Deir ‘Alla), Gen. 33; Judg. 8

Susa, Est. 2; 5

Taanach, Josh. 12

Tadmor, 2 Chron. 8; Hos. 2

Tafileh, Deut. 1

Taiyibeh, Tell et-, Mic. 1

Tekoa, Amos 1

Timnah, Num. 31; Deut. 8; Judg. 1; 14; 1 Chron. 16

Tirzah, 1 Kings 14; Hos. Introduction

Tishbe, 1 Kings 17

Tyre, Isa. 23; Amos 1

Ugarit, Deut. 12; Nah. 3

Ur, Gen. 11; 2 Chron. 2

Valley of Kings, Ex. 5

Wadi es-Sir, Num. 25; Judg. 11

Wadi Qilt, Hos. 2

Wadi Rum, Jer. 49

Wadi Swenit, 1 Sam. 14

Wadi Tumilat, Ex. 12

Yarmuk Valley, Josh. 13

Yurza, Ezek. 25

Zaphon, Judg. 12

Zarethan (Tell es-Sa’idiyeh), Josh. 3

Zered, Num. 20; Deut. 2

Ziklag, 1 Sam. 27

Zin Wilderness, Num. 13

Zin, Nahal, Gen. 21

Ziph Wilderness, 1 Sam. 23

Ziz, Ascent of, 2 Chron. 20

Zorah, Judg. 13

Standard

Deir el-Bahri, Ps. 74; Isa. 62

Narmer Palette, Ex. 17

Snake Standard, Num. 21

Standard of Mari, Amos 5

Standard of Ur, Gen. Introduction; Lev. 1; Josh. 3; 1 Kings 10; 2 Chron. 1; Job 1; Ps. 96

War Standards, Num. 1

Standing Stones

Arad, 2 Kings 3

Bethsaida, 1 Kings 14; Isa. 15; Amos 7

Dan, Deut. 12; Josh. 22; 1 Kings 22; Ps. 78; Amos 8

Gezer, Gen. 28; Lev. 26; 2 Kings 12

Hazor, 1 Kings 8; 2 Kings 18; Ezek. 16; Mic. 5

Shechem, Gen. 12; Josh. 24; Judg. 9; 2 Chron. 10

Susa Model, Jer. 17

Stela

Adad-Nirari III, 2 Kings 10; Jonah 3

Amenhotep III Stele, Ex. 17

Amun Stele, Ezek. 39

Baal, Judg. 3; 1 Sam. 7; 1 Kings 16; 2 Kings 1; Isa. 43; Hos. 2

Balua Stele, Judg. 3

Bel-harran-bel-usur Stele, 2 Sam. 5

Bull, Num. 33

Chemosh, Judg. 11; Jer. 48

Dan, Tel Stele (House of David), 2 Kings 9; Isa. 7; Amos 1

Dream Stele of Thutmose IV, Ex. 6; Eccl. 1

Ear Tablet, Gen. 35; Isa. 6; Ps. 116

Elamite Victory Stele, Ezek. 39

Esarhaddon Stele, 2 Kings 19; Isa. 37; Ezek. 11

Gebel Barkal Stele, Judg. 5

Hadad Inscription, Lev. 24

Hammurabi, Deut. 5; 1 Sam. 8; 2 Kings 4; Ps. 19; 72; Prov. 28; Isa. 1; 10

Horemheb Stele, Deut. 1

Horus Stele, Ps. 58

Iuny Stele, 2 Chron. 2

Kamose Stele, Deut. 17

Kurkh Stele of Shalmaneser III, 2 Kings 1

Lady Taperet, Ps. 28

Libation Stele, Isa. 57

Merneptah Stele, Ex. 12; Josh. 10; Judg. 5

Mesha Stele (Moabite Stone), 1 Sam. 15; 2 Kings 1; Jer. 48; Nah. 1

Naram-Sin, Deut. 20; Isa. 14; Ps. 18

Nefertiabt Grain Offering, Lev. 2

Osorkon, Deut. 17

Qadesh Stele, Deut. 7; Job 6

Remi Stele, Lev. 21; 2 Sam. 4

Sargon Victory Stele, Ps. 25

Sennacherib Stele, 2 Kings 17

Senusret III’s Boundary Marker, Isa. 19

Seti I, Ex. 5; Judg. 3

Shabako Stele, Isa. 19

Shamash-res-usur, Judg. 10

Sheshonq Stele, 2 Chron. 12

Si’gabbar Funerary Stele, Isa. 53

Sin zir Ibni Stele, Josh. 6

Tanit Stele, Judg. 11

Udjahorresnet Stele, Neh. 5

Ugarit Land Stele, Gen. 31

Ur-nammu Stele, Ezek. 40

Vulture Stele, Job 15; Ps. 5; Ezek. 17

Yehimilik (Yehawmilk) Stele, I Kings 7

Ziggurat Stele, Gen. 11

Temples and Sanctuaries

Ain Dara Temple, 1 Kings 6; Ps. 77; Ezek. 40; 43; Mic. 1

Arad, Josh. 8; 2 Kings 5; 3; 2 Chron. 3

Baal Shamin Temple (Tadmor), Hos. 2

Bethshean Temple, 1 Sam. 31

Bethshean Temple (Dagan), Judg. 16

Cosmos, Gen. 1

Dan, Deut. 12; 1 Kings 6; 1 Kings 12; Ps. 26; Amos 8

Ebla Temple, 1 Kings 6

Edfu, Ezek. 18

Ein Hatzeva Shrine, Mal. 1

Herodium Synagogue, Neh. 9

Hibis Temple of Amun, Ezra 6

Inanna Temple, Gen. 2; Ezek. 47

Karnak Temple, Josh. 21

Laver, Ps. 26

Shechem Temple, Judg. 9; 2 Chron. 10

Solomon’s Temple Drawing, Jer. 27

Tel Miqne (Reconstruction), 1 Sam. 5

Tel Qasile, Judg. 16; 1 Sam. 5

Timnah, Ex. 26; 1 Chron. 16

Water by Shrine, Ps. 46

Ziggurat of Ur, Gen. 11; Gen. 28; 2 Chron. 2

Ziggurat Model, Dan. 1

Texts (Anatolia)

Arnuwandas Prayer, Ps. 44

Bronze Treaty Tablet (Tudhaliya IV and Karunta), Josh. 13

Deeds of Anitta, Judg. 9

Hattusili Apology, 1 Sam. 17

Hittite Laws, Gen. 38

Hittite/Egyptian Treaty, Josh. 1; 1 Chron. 19

Laqipum and Hatala Marriage Contract, Gen 16

Letter from Ramsses II to Hattusili III, Judg. 14

Muršili II, (seal on Ugaritic tablet), Lev. 26

Muršili II, Plague Prayer, Josh. 7

Shuppiluliuma Vassal treaty with Hakkuana, Josh. 24

Soldier’s Oath, 2 Chron. 13

Substitute King, Isa. 53

Ullikummi Song, Job 3

Texts (Egyptian)

Amarna Letter, Gen. 33; Ex. 17; Josh. 10; Judg. 8; 1 Sam. 4; 25; 2 Chron. 2

Amenemhet, Wisdom, Prov. Introduction

Amenemope, Instruction of, Lev. 19; Prov. 22

Amenhotep III Stela, Ex. 17

Amennakht, Instruction, Prov. Introduction

Amon-Re, Hymn, Amos 4

Aten Hymn, Ps. 104

Book of the Dead, Gen. 6; Ex. 8; Deut. 5; 1 Sam. 2; Job 3; 30; 31; Ps. 31; Isa. 5; 14; Ezek. 32; Amos 8

Cairo Calendar, Ex. 12; Job 3

Chester Beatty Papyrus, Song 1

Dispute between a Man and His Soul, Ps. 31

Divination Letter, 1 Kings 14

Dream Book, Gen. 40

Dream Stele of Thutmose IV, Ex. 6; Eccl. 1

Ear Tablet, Gen. 35; Ps. 55

Ebers Papyrus Medical Text, Ex. 4

Elephantine Papyri, Ezra 6; Jer. 31; Mal. 3

Eloquent Peasant, Mic. 7

Execration Figurine, Ps. 2; Isa. 1

Execration Text, Gen. 14; Ex. 15; Judg. 1; Jer. 46

Famine Inscription, Gen. 41

Gebel Barkal Stela, Judg. 5

Harris Magical Papyrus, Ex. 3

Hittite/Egyptian Treaty, Deut. 4; 1 Chron. 19

Horemheb Stele, Deut. 1

Ipuwer, Admonition of, Prov. 30; Isa. 19

Kom Ombo Festival List, Lev. 23

London Medical Papyrus, Ex. 4

Love Song (Chester Beatty), Song 1

Magician and Crocodile, Ex. 7

Medical Incantations, Isa. 48

Memphite Theology, Gen. 1; Ps. 33; Isa. 42

Merneptah Stele, Ex. 12; Josh. 10; Judg. 5

Osiris, Hymn, Ps. 95

Osorkon I Inscription, Isa. 36

Papyrus Anastasi, Ex. 1; Josh. 18

Papyrus Leiden, Gen. 1

Prisse Papyrus, Prov. 11

Proto-Sinaitic Inscription, Gen. 21; Ex. 17

Qadesh Victory, Ps. 18

Ramsses II Letter to Hattusili III, Judg. 14

Senusret III’s Boundary Marker, Isa. 19

Seti I Stele, Ex. 5; Judg. 3

Shabako Stone, Memphite Theology, Gen. 1; Ps. 33; Isa. 42

Sheshonq Inscription, 1 Kings 11; 2 Chron. 12

Sinuhe, Gen. Introduction; Isa. 19

Tale of Two Brothers, Gen. 39

Thutmose III’s Annals, Josh. 10; 1 Chron. Introduction

Wayward Son, Prov. 31

Westcar Papyrus, Ex. 7; 14

Texts (Levant)

Abecedary from Tel Zayit, Judg. 8

Amarna Letter, Gen. 33; Ex. 17; Josh. 10; Judg. 8; 1 Sam. 4; 25; 2 Chron. 2

Ammonite Citadel Inscription, 1 Sam. 11

Aqhat Epic, Gen. 17; Judg. 13; 2 Kings 5

Arad Ostraca, Jer. 7; 37; Ezek. 1

Azatiwada Inscription, Zec. 3

Baal Epic, Deut. 14; 1 Kings 16; 2 Kings 1; Job 18; Ps. 29; Isa. 27; Hag. 2

Bar-Rakib, 2 Kings 14; Dan. 2

Birth of the Gracious Gods, Job 38

Chemosh Inscription, 1 Kings 11

Damascus Document, Ezra 10

Dan Inscription (Zoilos), Judg. 18

Dead Sea Scroll, 2 Sam. 17; Ezra 10; Neh. 8; Isa. Introduction; Ezek. 2

Deir ʿAlla Inscription, Num. 22; Josh. 8; Ezek. 7; Mic. 6

Divorce Decree, Deut. 24

Ekron Inscription, 1 Sam. 5; 1 Kings 2

Emar Inscription, 2 Kings 4

Esther Scroll, Est. 9

Gezer Calendar, Deut. 8; Ruth 1; Amos 7

Hadad Inscription, Lev. 24

Idrimi, 1 Sam. 22

Ivory Pomegranate, 1 Kings 7

Ketef Hinnom Silver Scrolls, Num. 6; 1 Chron. 16; Neh. 13

Khirbet el-Qom Inscription, 2 Kings 13

Kilamuwa Inscription, 2 Kings 8; Isa. 7

Kuntillet ‘Ajrud, Ex. 3; 34; Judg. 3; Hos. 1

Lachish Bulla, 2 Kings 25

Lachish Ewer, Hos. 4

Lachish Ostraca, 2 Kings 24; Jer. 1; 29; 34; Ezek. 33

LMLK Handles, 1 Sam. 23; 2 Kings 18

Marzeah Text, Ezek. 8

Mesha Stele (Moabite Stone), 1 Sam. 15; 2 Kings 1; Jer. 48; Nah. 1

Nash Papyrus, Deut. 6

Ophir Ostracon (Qasile), 2 Chron. 8; Job 22

Osorkon I Inscription, Isa. 36

Proto-Canaanite Inscription, Deut. 1; 5

Proto-Sinaitic Inscription, Gen. 21; Ex. 17

Qasile Ostracon, 2 Chron. 8; Job 22

Qumran War Scroll, 2 Sam. 17

Royal Steward Inscription (Shebna), 2 King 10; Isa. 22

Samaria Ostraca, Josh. 17; Hos. 2; Mic. 1

Shebna Inscription, 2 King 10; Isa. 22

Si’gabbar Funerary Stele, Isa. 53

Siloam Tunnel Inscription, 2 Kings 20; Isa. 36

Silver Scrolls, Ketef Hinnom, Num. 6; 1 Chron. 16; Neh. 13

Sundial Inscription, 2 Kings 20

Tel Dan Stele (House of David), 2 Sam. 8; 2 Kings 9; Isa. 7; Amos 1

Tell Fekheriye, Gen. 1

Tell Siran Inscription, 1 Sam. 11

Three Shekel Ostracon, Neh. 10

Trumpet Inscription, Neh. 13

Ugaritic List of Gods, Jer. 2

Ugaritic List of Temple Officers, Ezra 2

Uzziah Reburial, Isa. 6

Widow’s Plea, 2 Kings 4

Yabneh-Yam Ostracon, Deut. 24; Neh. 5; Amos 2

Yehimilik Stele, 1 Kings 7

Zakkur Inscription, 1 Sam. 3; 1 Kings 22; 2 Kings 5; Ps. 21

Texts (Mesopotamia)

Adad-nirari Inscription, 2 Kings 18

Akitu Tablet, Lev. 16; Joel 2

Almanac, Babylonian, Deut. 5

Ashurbanipal’s Court Scholars, Prov. 25

Assyrian Prophecy, Jonah 3

Atrahasis Epic, Gen. 1; Deut. 12; Ezek. 5

Babylonian Chronicle, 2 Kings 24; Jer. Introduction; Ezek. 33; Nah. 1

Babylonian Land Grant (Nabu-apla-iddina), Gen. 13; Josh. Introduction

Balag Lament, Lam. Introduction

Behistun Inscription, Ezra 4

Calah Bull Inscription, 2 Kings 8

Cuneiform Tablet with Envelope, Isa. 8

Curse of Agade, 1 Chron. 17; Lam. 5; Nah. 1

Cyrus Cylinder, Ezra 1; Isa. 44; Dan. Introduction; Hab. 1

Cyrus Tomb Inscription, Ezra Introduction

Descent of Inanna, 2 Chron. 23; Joel 1

Descent of Ishtar, Ps. 49

Dream Omens, Dan. Introduction

Dumuzi and Enkimdu, Gen. 4

East India House Inscription, 1 Kings 8; Dan. 4

Enki and Ninmah, 1 Kings 18; Ps. 103

Enmerkar and the Lord of Aratta, Gen. 11

Enuma Elish, Gen. 1; Ps. 89; Dan. 7

Esarhaddon Prism, Ezek. 10

Esarhaddon Restoration of Babylon, 2 Kings 19; Ezek. 11

Esarhaddon and his Mother, Restoration of Babylon, 2 Chron. 15

Esarhaddon Stele, 2 Kings 19; Isa. 37

Esarhaddon Vassal Treaty, Deut. 28

Eshunna Laws, Ex. 22; 2 Sam. 2

Etana, Gen. 5

Extispicy Tablet, 2 Kings 16

Foundation Tablets, Neh. 6; Zech. 4

Gilgamesh Epic, Gen. 6; 41; Judg. 7; 2 Sam. 1; 1 Kings 12; Eccl. Introduction; Ezek. 18

Gudea Cylinders, Gen. 2; 2 Sam. 7; 1 Kings 6; 1 Chron. 17; Jer. 23; Hag. 2

Gudea Map, 1 Chron. 28; Ps. 132; Zech. Introduction

Hammurabi’s Geneaology, Gen. 10; 1 Chron. 1

Hammurabi’s Laws, Deut. 5; 2 Kings 4; 8; Ps. 19; 72; Prov. 28; Isa. 1; 10; Ezek. 34

Iddin-Dagan, Hymn, 2 Chron. 5

Ishtar Hymn, Ps. Introduction

Izbu Omens, Dan. 7

Jehoiachin Ration Tablets, 2 Kings 25; Dan. 1

King List, Antediluvian, Deut. 17; Ps. 90

King List, Assyrian, 1 Chron. 1

King List, Larsa, 1 Kings Introduction

King List, Sumerian, Gen. 5

Kurkh Stele of Shalmaneser III, 2 Kings 1

Lagash/Larsa Calendar, Deut. 16

Lamentation for Ur, 2 Kings 25; Ps. 74; Lam. Introduction

Land Grant (Nabu-apla-iddina), Gen. 13; Josh. Introduction

Land Sale, Ex. 32

Lexical List, 1 Kings 4; 2 Chron. 1

Lipit-Ishtar Law Code, Deut. 10; 2 Chron. 10

Lot of Yahali, Est. 3

Love Song, Song 1

Ludlul bel Nemeqi, Job Introduction

Lunar Eclipse Tablet, Jer. 10

Man and His God, Job Introduction

Map of Canals, Prov. 21

Map of the City of Umma, Ezek. 4

Map of the World, Ps. 24; Ezek. 38; Zeph. 2

Medical Text, Gen. 12; Ps. 38

Middle Assyrian Laws, Ex. 22; Ruth 1; Hos. 2

Musical Notation, Ps. Introduction; 150

Nabonidus Chronicle, Jer. 50

Nabonidus Inscription, 1 Kings Introduction; 1 Chron. Introduction; 2 Chron. 1; Jer. 1; Dan. 5

Nabonidus Sippar Cylinder, Zech. Introduction

Nabonidus Stele, Obad. Introduction

Nabopolassar Brick, Jer. 20

Nebo-sarsekim Tablet, Jer. 39

Nebuchadnezzar Cylinder, Dan. 1

Nebuchadnezzar East India House Inscription, 1 Kings 8; Dan. 4

Nippur Debt Note, Neh. 5

Nungal Hymn, Isa. 42

Nur Adad Ground Plan, Isa. 49

Nuzi Texts, Gen. 25

Omens from Sheep’s Stomach, Dan. 1

Oracle Request, 1 Kings 17

Praise of Pickax, Gen. 1

Sacred Marriage, Ezek. 16; Song 1

Sargon Birth Legend, Ex. 2; Ezek. 16

Sargon II, 1 Kings Introduction; 2 Kings 17; Isa. 20

Satrapies of the Persian Empire List, Est. 1

Sennacherib Stele, 2 Kings 17; Ps. 51

Sennacherib’s Prism, Josh. 12; 2 Kings 18; 2 Chron. 32; Isa. 36

Shalmaneser III’s Foundation Tablet, Neh. 6

Shulgi Hymn, Ps. 110

Shurpu Text, Isa. 6; Mal. 3

Shuruppak Instruction, Ex. 20; Prov. Introduction

Sin-shar-ishkun’s Letter, 2 Chron. 35

Sumerian God List, 1 Chron. 1

Sumerian Proverbs, Prov. Introduction

Sumerian Schooldays, Prov. 13

Synchronistic History, 2 Kings 1

Tammuz Text, Ezek. 8

Teima Inscription, Ezra Introduction

Temple of Ningishzida Measurements, Ezek. 40

Tiglath-pileser I Annals, Judg. 1; 1 Kings 14

Tiglath-pileser III Annals, 2 Kings 15; Ezek. 3

Tobias Inscription, Neh. 2

Tukulti-Ninurta II Annals, Deut. 10; 2 Kings 1

Ur-Nammu Hymn, Zech. 10

Ur-Nammu Laws, Ex. 20; Lev. Introduction; Prov. 5

Ur-Nanshe Temple Plaque, Ex. 40; Hag. 1

Uru-inimgina/ Urukagina Reforms, Lev. 19; Ezek. 22

Venus Tablet, Isa. 14

Xerxes Daiva Text, Neh. 1

Zimri-Lim Ice House, Prov. 25

Ziusudra (Sumerian Flood Story), Gen. 6

Tools

Awl, Gen. 4

Axe Head, Deut. 19; 2 Kings 6

Cubit Rod, Ezek. 40

Farm Tools, Isa. 2

Fork, 1 Sam. 2

Iron Plow, Joel 3

Mallet, Judg. 4

Mortal and Pestle, Est. 2

Olive Press, Josh. 24; Job 24; Hos. 2; 12

Ox Goad, Judg. 3

Peg, Judg. 4

Plumb Line, Amos 7

Razor, Judg. 13; Isa. 7

Rope, Eccl. 4

Shovels, 1 Kings 7

Sickle Blades, Ruth 2

Stake, Judg. 4

Threshing Sledge, Ruth 3; 2 Sam. 24; Amos 1

Viticulture and Brewing

Beer Making, Num. 6

Brewery Model, Isa. 28

Vineyard, Gen. 9; Judg. 21; Amos 9

Wine Cellars, Jer. 48

Winepress, Num. 6; Judg. 6; 2 Kings 6; Isa. 5; Jer. 25; Lam. 1

Wineskin, Job 32; Jer. 13

Warfare

Army of Pharaoh, 2 Chron. 11

Balawat, Deut. 21; Judg. 1; 1 Sam. 31; 2 Sam. 4; 1 Chron. 10; 2 Chron. 24; Ps. 144; Ezek. 22

Camel Warfare, 1 Sam. 30; 1 Chron. 1; 2 Chron. 21; Isa. 21

Capture of Ashkelon, 2 Sam. 1

Corpses in the River, 1 Sam. 18

Corpses impaled, Num. 25; Deut. 21; Josh. 8; 2 Sam. 21; Est. 2; Isa. 1; Jer. 8

Decimation of Army (Karnak), 1 Sam. 14

Flaying, Ezra 9; Isa. 13

Hand to Hand Combat, 2 Sam. 2

Heads Hung, 1 Sam. 31; 1 Chron. 10; Ps. 23

Lachish, 2 Kings 18; Isa. 23

Medinet Habu, Ex. 15; 2 Sam. 21

Mutilation, Judg. 1; 2 Sam 4; 1 Chron. 10; Ezek. 22

Naram Sin Stela, Deut. 20

Nubian Army, 2 Chron. 25

Papyrus Boat, Job 9

Sappers, 1 Kings 20; Ps. 144; Lam. 2

Siege, Lam. 2

Tiglath-pileser III, Josh. 8

Til-Tuba, 1 Sam. 4; 22; 2 Sam. 21; 2 Kings 8; Ps. 79

Warfare: Archers and Slingers

Archer, Josh. 8; Ps. 11

Ashurbanipal, 2 Kings 21; Ps. 7; Nah. 3; Amos 3

Bow Case, 1 Chron. 18

Chariot, 1 Chron. 18; 2 Chron. 1

Chariot Trampling Enemy, Judg. 1

Immortals, Jer. 49

Lachish Relief, 2 Kings 18; Isa. 23; 36; Jer. 6; Hab. 1

Lachish Siege Drawing, Ezek. 26

Lion Hunting, Gen. 10

Pharaoh, Ex. 14

Slinger, 1 Sam. 17; Job 41

Slingstones, Judg. 20

Warfare: Body Parts

Cutting off Head, 1 Sam. 31; 2 Sam. 20

Hands, Judg. 8

Head, 1 Sam. 17; 31; 2 Kings 10; 1 Chron. 10; Ps. 23; Jer. 34; Nah. 3

Phalli, 1 Sam. 18

Warfare: Cavalry

Cavalry, Jer. 46

Lion Hunting, Nah. 2

Scythian Horseman, Zeph. Introduction

Til-Tuba, Ezek. 32

Warfare: Chariot

Ashurbanipal, 1 Sam. 8; Isa. 52; Zech. 14

Ashurnasirpal II, Judg. 4; 1 Kings 18; 1 Chron. 14; Ps. 7; 45

Balawat, Deut. 21; Judg. 1; 5; 1 Sam. 13; 1 Chron. 10; Isa. 2; 23; Ezek. 22; 26; Amos 2

Chariot, 1 Kings 1; 1 Chron. 18; 2 Chron. 1

Chariot of Tutankhamun, 2 Chron. 1

Chariot Trampling Enemy, Judg. 1

Gods in a Chariot, Hab. 3

Lachish, 1 Chron. 28

Lion Hunting, Jer. 27; Nah. 2

Megiddo Ivory, 1 Sam. 4; 1 Kings 10; Ps. 99; Isa. 20

Pharaoh, Ex. 14

Sargon II, 1 Kings Introduction; Isa. 20

Seti I, Ex. 13

Standard of Ur, 2 Chron. 1

Tiglath-pileser III, Isa. 7

Til-Tuba, Ezek. 32

Trampling of Shasu, Judg. 5

Tutankhamun in Chariot, Song 1

Warfare: Enemies under Feet

Abu Simbel, Ps. 47

Darius, Ezra 6

Enemies as Footstool, Ps. 110

Decapitated Enemies Trampled, Nah. 3

Netjerikhet, 1 Kings 5; Ps. 83

Nimrud, Isa. 51

Ramesses III, Josh. 12

Sandals, Lam. 3

Warfare: Exiles and Prisoners

Abu Simbel, 1 Kings 20; Jer. 5

Ashtaroth, Ezra 9

Ashurbanipal, 2 Kings 15; Ezek. 12; Nah. 3

Balawat, Deut. 21; Judg. 1; 1 Chron. 10; Jer. 29; Lam. 1; Ezek. 22; Amos 2; Mic. 1; Nah. 1

Elamite Prisoners, 1 Sam. 17; Ps. 2

Esarhaddon Stele, 2 Kings 19; Isa. 37; Ezek. 11

Exiles, Ps. 147

Khumban-khaltash III, 2 Chron. 33

Lachish, Num. 25; 2 Sam. 21; 2 Kings 6; 18; 2 Chron. 28; Ezra 7; Neh. 8; Est. 2; Ps. 95; 107; Isa. Introduction; 13; 36; 47; Jer. 8; 38; Hab. 1

Lachish Siege Drawing, Ezek. 26

Medinet Habu, Job 12

Megiddo Ivory, 1 Sam. 4; 1 Kings 10; Ps. 99; Isa. 20

Nineveh, Isa. 7

Prisoner with Hook, 2 Kings 19; Isa. 37; Ezek. 11; 19; Amos 4

Prisoners, Num. 13; 2 Chron. 36; Jer. 13; 39; Lam. 5

Prisoners in Net, 2 Sam. 22; Job 19; Isa. 8; Ezek. 17; Hab. 1

Prisoners on Sandals, Lam. 3

Ramesses II, 2 Sam. 8

Sargon II, Ps. 25

Sea People, Ex. 15; Judg. 3; 1 Sam. 4; 6; 17; 2 Sam. 21

Shasu, Gen. 36

Syrian Prisoner, Judg. 5

Thutmose III, Num. 33

Tiglath-pileser III, Josh. 8; 1 Kings 20

Warfare: Mighty Arm

Karnak, Isa. 9

Narmer Palette, Isa. 9

Pharaoh, Ex. 6; Num. 24; Deut. 2; Josh. 8; Neh. 13; Ps. 2; Ezek. 30

Ramesses II, Ezek. 8

Ramesses III, Josh. 12; Judg. 6

Thutmose III, Josh. 10

Warfare: Plunder and Tribute

Assyrians Plundering, 2 Chron. 36

Balawat, Judg. 5

Captured Animals, Num. 31; Job 1

Gods, 1 Sam. 5; 2 Chron. 25; Isa. 46; Hos. 10

Sebekhotep Tomb, 1 Sam. 16

Shalmaneser III, Judg. 3; 2 Sam. 8; Ps. 68; Isa. 60; Ezek. 16

Spoil, 1 Sam. 30; Ezek. 2; 29; Obad.; Hab. 2

Weighing Tribute, Isa. 40

Warfare: Shields

Lachish, Nah. 2

Shields, 2 Sam. 23; Ps. 3; 5; Jer. 46

Soldiers, 2 Sam. 1

Til-Tuba, 1 Sam. 4

Warship, Ezek. 27

Warfare: Siege Engines

Ashurnasirpal, Amos 3

Battering Ram, Deut. 20

Lachish, 2 Sam. 20; 2 Kings 18; Isa. 23; 36; Jer. 6; Hab. 1

Lachish Siege Drawing, Ezek. 26

Siege Engines, 2 Kings 6; Ezek. 4

Tiglath-pileser III, Josh. 8

Warfare: Trampling

Ashurnasirpal II, Ps. 7

Balawat, 1 Sam. 13

Chariot Trampling Enemy, Judg. 1; Ps. 66

Naram-Sin, Deut. 20; Isa. 14; Ps. 18

Pharaoh on Chariot, Ex. 14

Soldiers Trampling, Nah. 3

Trampling of Shasu, Judg. 5

Tutankhamun, Song 1

Warfare: Vulture

Battlefield and Birds, 2 Sam. 21; Ps. 79; Isa. 18; Ezek. 39

Battlefield Palette, Jer. 16

Chariot Trampling Enemy, Judg. 1

Vulture Accompanying, Jer. 48

Vulture Stele, Job 15; Ps. 5; Ezek. 17

Vulture with Intestines, 1 Kings 14

Warfare: Weapons and Armor

Armor, 1 Sam. 17; 1 Kings 22; Isa. 59

Arrowhead, Ps. 127

Axe, 2 Kings 6; Ezek. 21

Bow, 2 Sam. 8

Dagger, Judg. 3

Flint Knife, Gen. 22; 1 Sam. 14; Isa. 56

Sickle Sword, Josh. 8

Slingstones, Judg. 20

Spear, 1 Sam. 26; 2 Sam. 1

Spear Butt, 2 Sam. 2

Spear Heads, 1 Sam. 26; Isa. 2.

Sword, Ps. 45; Ezek. 21

Water Systems

Cistern, Arad, Gen. 37

Cistern, Beersheba, Jer. 2

Gihon Spring, 2 Sam. 5

Hezekiah’s Tunnel, 2 Kings 20; 2 Chron. 32; Isa. 22

Pool of Bethesda, Neh. 3

Pool of Gibeon, 2 Sam. 2; Jer. 28

Pool of Heshbon, Song 7

Pool of Shiloh, Isa. 22

Siloam Channel, Isa. 8

Warren’s Shaft, 2 Sam. 5

Winged Sun

Egyptian, Num. 9; Ps. 84; 86; 139

Persian (Ahuramazda), Ezr. Introduction; Isa. 45; Ezek. 10; Mal. 4

Neo-Assyrian (Ashur or Shamash), Gen. 3; Judg. 4; 1 Sam. 10; 1 Chron. 14; Ps. 7; 18; Prov. 3; Isa. 1; 8; 52; Mal. 4