Table of Contents

1. Cover
2. Title Page
3. List of contributors
4. Foreword
   1. References
5. Preface
6. Acknowledgments
7. Sub-Saharan Africa and The Heart of Africa: A brief introduction
   1. References
8. SECTION 1: Maternal heart health
   1. CHAPTER 1: Maternal heart health
      1. 1.0 Introduction
      2. 1.1 Spectrum of maternal cardiac disease in South Africa
      3. 1.2 Initial evaluation of bromocriptine treatment for PPCMO in South Africa
      4. 1.3 Health outcomes associated with PPCMO in South Africa
      5. S1.2 Maternal health in Africa: The way forward
   2. References
9. SECTION 2: Infant and childhood heart disease
   1. CHAPTER 2: Congenital heart disease
      1. 2.0 Introduction
      2. 2.1 CHD management and its challenges in Mozambique
      3. 2.2 CHD management and its challenges in Cameroon
   2. CHAPTER 3: Acquired heart disease
      1. 3.0 Introduction
      2. 3.1 The spectrum of pediatric cardiac disease in Malawi
      3. 3.2 Adolescent heart disease and vertically acquired HIV infection in Zimbabwe
      4. 3.3 Primary prevention of acute rheumatic fever and RHD with penicillin in South Africa
      5. 3.4 The REMEDY Registry of RHD from an African perspective
      6. 3.5 EMF among patients in Mozambique
      7. S2.2 The challenge of protecting the heart health of African children
   3. References
10. SECTION 3: Spectrum of cardiovascular risk and heart disease in sub-Saharan Africa
    1. CHAPTER 4: Cardiovascular risk in urban and rural African settings
       1. 4.0 Introduction
       2. 4.1 A time bomb of risk in an urban African community: “Heart Awareness Days” in Soweto
       3. 4.2 A time bomb of risk in an urban African community: a primary care perspective in Soweto
       4. 4.3 A time bomb of hypertension in urban and rural African communities in Nigeria
    2. CHAPTER 5: The African INTERHEART study
       1. 5.0 Introduction
       2. 5.1 The African INTERHEART study
    3. CHAPTER 6: The spectrum of heart disease in urban Africans
       1. 6.0 Introduction
       2. 6.1 Initial findings of the Heart of Soweto Study
       3. 6.2 Nexus between communicable and noncommunicable forms of heart disease in Soweto
       4. 6.3 Hypertension and hypertensive heart disease in Soweto
       5. 6.4 A predominance of HF in Soweto
       6. 6.5 RHF—A not so rare form of HF in Soweto
       7. 6.6 Pathways to AF in Soweto
       8. S3.2 Responding to an evolving spectrum of heart disease in Africa
    4. References
11. SECTION 4: Infectious heart disease
    1. CHAPTER 7: Rheumatic heart disease
       1. 7.0 Introduction
       2. 7.1 A legacy effect of RHD from childhood to adulthood in an urban African community
    2. CHAPTER 8: Pericardial disease
       1. 8.0 Introduction
       2. 8.1 Prednisolone and Mycobacterium indicus pranii in tuberculous pericarditis
    3. CHAPTER 9: Human immunodeficiency virus–related heart disease
       1. 9.0 Introduction
       2. 9.1 The nexus between HIV/AIDS and heart disease in an urban African community
       3. S4.2 Infectious heart disease in Africa—not just a historical footnote
    4. References
12. SECTION 5: Noncommunicable disease
    1. CHAPTER 10: Acute coronary syndrome in the African context
       1. 10.0 Introduction
       2. 10.1 Management of ACS in South Africa: the ACCESS registry
       3. 10.2 ACS in treatment-naïve black South Africans with human immunodeficiency virus infection
       4. 10.3 The thrombotic profile of treatment-naïve HIV-positive South Africans of African ancestry with ACS
    2. CHAPTER 11: Stroke in the African context
       1. 11.0 Introduction
       2. 11.1 An epidemiological study of stroke hospitalizations in Mozambique
       3. S5.2 Beyond counting cases: The next steps to improve health outcomes in stroke and beyond
    3. References
13. SECTION 6: Heart failure
    1. CHAPTER 12: Acute heart failure
       1. 12.0 Introduction
       2. 12.1 A landmark registry of AHF in sub-Saharan Africa: THESUS-HF
       3. 12.2 Gender differences in AHF presentations in THESUS-HF
       4. 12.3 Prognostic significance of ECG abnormalities in THESUS-HF Registry
       5. 12.4 Contemporary profile of AHF in Southern Nigeria
    2. CHAPTER 13: Hypertensive heart failure
       1. 13.0 Introduction
       2. 13.1 Clinical consequences and challenges of hypertension in urban-dwelling black Africans
       3. 13.2 A predominance of hypertensive HF in the Abuja Heart Society cohort of urban Nigerians: A prospective clinical registry of 1,515 de novo cases
       4. 13.3 Hypertensive HF in Nigerian Africans
    3. CHAPTER 14: Chronic heart failure
       1. 14.0 Introduction
       2. 14.1 Chronic HF among adults treated for hypertension in a cardiac referral hospital in Cameroon
       3. 14.2 The Economic burden of HF in Nigeria: Insights from the Abeokuta HF Registry Cohort
    4. Chapter 15: Pulmonary hypertension and right heart failure
       1. 15.0 Introduction
       2. 15.1 A prospective registry of PH in Africa: The landmark PAPUCO study
       3. S6.2 An increasingly complex picture of HF in Africa
    5. References
14. Abbreviations
15. Index
16. End User License Agreement

List of Tables

1. Section 01
   1. Table S1.1 Comparison of maternal mortality per 100,000 live births worldwide.
2. Chapter 01
   1. Table 1.1 Patients’ demographic and clinical characteristics according WHO functional class.
   2. Table 1.2 Patients’ demographic and clinical characteristics.
   3. Table 1.3 Patients’ demographic and clinical characteristics.
   4. Table 1.4 Patients’ baseline and 6-month echocardiographic changes according to group.
   5. Table 1.5 Patients’ baseline and 6-month follow-up characteristics.
3. Chapter 02
   1. Table 2.1 Patients’ demographic and clinical characteristics, defects, and classification of CHD.
   2. Table 2.2 CHD patients’ transthoracic Doppler-echocardiography presentations according to the three referral centers.
4. Section 02
   1. Table S2.1 Demographics and availability of pediatric cardiovascular care services according to three African countries [4–6].
5. Chapter 03
   1. Table 3.1 Patients’ spectrum of diagnosis.
   2. Table 3.2 Patients’ demographic and clinical characteristics.
   3. Table 3.3 The costs, cost-effectiveness, and incremental effects associated with the various strategies for primary prevention of acute rheumatic fever and RHD.
   4. Table 3.4 Patients’ demographic and clinical characteristics.
   5. Table 3.5 Criteria for diagnosis and assessment of the severity of EMF.
6. Chapter 04
   1. Table 4.1 Patients’ demographic and risk factor characteristics.
   2. Table 4.2 Patients’ demographic and clinical characteristics.
7. Chapter 05
   1. Table 5.1 Patients’ risk factor profiles according to the African INTERHEART Study and the Global INTERHEART Study.
8. Chapter 06
   1. Table 6.1 General classification of Heart of Soweto case presentations.
   2. Table 6.2 Patients’ demographic and clinical characteristics.
   3. Table 6.3 AF patients’ demographic and clinical characteristics according to sex.
9. Chapter 07
   1. Table 7.1 Abnormal presentations of structural valve disease according to sex.
   2. Table 7.2 Patients’ demographic and clinical characteristics and clinical presentation.
   3. Table 7.3 Patients’ RHD echocardiographic presentations according to predominant valvular lesion, and prescribed medication.
10. Chapter 08
    1. Table 8.1 Patients’ baseline, 3-month follow-up, and outcome characteristics.
    2. Table 8.2 Effects of prednisolone and Mycobacterium indicus pranii immunotherapy on safety outcome.
    3. Table 8.3 The causes of malignancy according to the prednisolone comparison.
11. Chapter 09
    1. Table 9.1 Patients’ demographic and clinical characteristics and primary diagnosis.
    2. Table 9.2 HIV-related CMO patients’ demographic and clinical characteristics.
12. Chapter 10
    1. Table 10.1 Patients’ baseline characteristics according to the South African cohort and the entire ACCESS Registry.
    2. Table 10.2 ACS patients’ clinical features according to HIV status.
    3. Table 10.3 ACS patients’ long-term outcomes according to HIV status.
    4. Table 10.4 ACS patients’ clinical and thrombotic characteristics according to HIV status.
    5. Table 10.5 HIV-positive patients’ clinical and thrombotic characteristics according to ACS status.
13. Chapter 11
    1. Table 11.1 Patients’ prehospital characteristics according to type of case presentation.
    2. Table 11.2 Patients’ short-term stroke-related case-fatality.
14. Chapter 12
    1. Table 12.1 Patients’ demographic and clinical characteristics.
    2. Table 12.2 Clinical outcomes reported from the THESUS-HF registry.
    3. Table 12.3 Patients’ demographic characteristics of the THESUS-HF registry.
    4. Table 12.4 Predictors of mortality within 6 months.
    5. Table 12.5 Patients’ demographic and clinical characteristics.
    6. Table 12.6 ECG characteristics according to etiological risk factors for HF.
15. Chapter 13
    1. Table 13.1 Patients’ demographic and clinical characteristics.
    2. Table 13.2 Patients’ demographic and clinical characteristics according to the Abuja cohort and the Soweto cohort.
    3. Table 13.3 Patients’ demographic and clinical characteristics.
    4. Table 13.4 Patients’ 12-lead ECG and echocardiography findings.
16. Chapter 14
    1. Table 14.1 Patients’ demographic and clinical characteristics according to sex.
    2. Table 14.2 HF patients’ demographic characteristics in 2010.
17. Chapter 15
    1. Table 15.1 WHO classification for pulmonary hypertension [138].

List of Illustrations

1. Introduction
   1. Figure 1 The different African countries highlighted in the research.
2. Chapter 01
   1. Figure 1.1 Basic mechanisms underlying peripartum cardiomyopathy.
   2. Figure 1.2 Referral algorithm to joint Cardiac Maternity Clinic, Groote Schuur Hospital.
   3. Figure 1.3 Case distributions according to disease categories.
   4. Figure 1.4 Comparison of infant growth curves according to maternal treatment group.
   5. Figure 1.5 The Health Education (HEDU) Initiative to improve maternal health outcomes in South Africa.
3. Chapter 02
   1. Figure 2.1 Distribution of study patients from the three participating referral centers.
4. Chapter 03
   1. Figure 3.1 The seven-strategy Markov decision analysis cohort model.
   2. Figure 3.2 Distribution of study patients according to country.
5. Chapter 04
   1. Figure 4.1 Frequency distribution of BMI levels according to sex.
   2. Figure 4.2 Frequency distribution of systolic and diastolic BP.
   3. Figure 4.3 Diagnostic profile of primary care patients according to sex.
   4. Figure 4.4 Differential risk profiles according to age and obese status in men and women.
   5. Figure 4.5 Estimated prevalence of hypertension in African men and women.
   6. Figure 4.6 Pattern of cardiovascular risk factors according to location and sex.
6. Chapter 05
   1. Figure 5.1 Pattern of risk factors for AMI according to sex.
   2. Figure 5.2 Cases and controls by ethnicity in the African INTERHEART Study.
7. Chapter 06
   1. Figure 6.1 A family tree of key research reports from the Heart of Soweto Study.
   2. Figure 6.2 Spectrum of case presentations in the Heart of Soweto 2006 cohort.
   3. Figure 6.3 Spectrum of de novo patients according to sex and ethnicity.
   4. Figure 6.4 Etiology of heart failure according to ethnicity.
   5. Figure 6.5 Etiology of HF according to sex.
   6. Figure 6.6 Diagnostic profile of RHF according to sex.
   7. Figure 6.7 PAH diagnostic characteristics according to sex.
   8. Figure 6.8 Age profile of incident case presentations of AF according to sex.
8. Chapter 07
   1. Figure 7.1 The structural valve disease pattern according to sex.
   2. Figure 7.2 Functional valve dysfunction according to sex.
9. Chapter 08
   1. Figure 8.1 Trial study design.
10. Chapter 09
    1. Figure 9.1 HIV-positive patient’s primary diagnosis.
11. Chapter 10
    1. Figure 10.1 Study flow chart.
    2. Figure 10.2 Angiographic image of thrombus in an otherwise angiographically normal left anterior descending coronary artery in a 43-year-old HIV-positive man presenting with a STEMI.
    3. Figure 10.3 Intravascular ultrasound image of thrombus in an otherwise angiographically normal left anterior descending coronary artery depicted in Figure 10.2.
    4. Figure 10.4 The pathogenesis of atherothrombosis and HIV infection.
12. Chapter 11
    1. Figure 11.1 Incidence, exclusion, diagnosis, and type of stroke events.
13. Section 06
    1. S6.1 Major causes of heart failure presentations in Nigeria in the late 1960s.
    2. S6.2 Major causes of heart failure presentations in Nigeria in 2010.
14. Chapter 12
    1. Figure 12.1 Distribution of AHF patients according to the 12 cardiology centres.
    2. Figure 12.2 Kaplan-Meier estimates of 6-month survival according to ECG findings.
    3. Figure 12.3 Etiology of AHF patients.
15. Chapter 13
    1. Figure 13.1 Comorbidities among study participants according to sex.
    2. Figure 13.2 Pattern of HF in study patients.
16. Chapter 14
    1. Figure 14.1 Pattern of concurrent morbidity in the study cohort according to sex.
    2. Figure 14.2 Components of direct inpatient costs.
    3. Figure 14.3 Components of direct outpatient costs.
17. Chapter 15
    1. Figure 15.1 Country participation in the PAPUCO registry.
    2. Figure 15.2 Standardized pathway to diagnose PH in the PAPUCO registry.

Guide

1. Cover
2. Table of Contents
3. Begin Reading