Abernathy, Ralph, 4, 44, 62, 96, 98, 99
Alabama State College (ASC), 8, 25, 27, 37, 59, 84, 99
boycott flyers produced at, 58
Claudette at, 102
Gray at, 42
Women’s Political Council members from faculty of, 38, 48
Angelou, Maya, 57
Army, U.S., 15
Articles of Confederation, 25
Atlanta, segregated buses in, 7
Austin, C. P. (Claudette’s biological father), 11
Bailey, Pearl, 26
Baines, Annie Ruth, 12–14
Baptist Center, 68
Baskin, Inez, 96
Baton Rouge, bus boycott in, 39
Bell Street Baptist Church, 90, 98
Birmingham, 62–63
segregated buses in, 28
Black History Month, see Negro History Week
bombings
of boycott leaders’ homes, 71, 78, 80, 98
Booker T. Washington High School, 20–27, 29, 40, 50
expulsion of Claudette from, 60, 92, 103
Negro History Week at, 9, 27, 30
remembrance of fiftieth anniversary of bus boycott at, 100, 101–3
testimony at Claudette’s trial of students from, 43–44
Bradley, Mamie, 53
Brooks (victim of police shooting), 9
Browder, Manervia, 97
Browder v. Gayle (1956), 77–89, 91–93, 95, 102, 105–6, 120n
aftermath of, 95–96, 97, 97–98
Gray’s initiation of, 71–74
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954), 9, 26, 27, 55, 71, 80, 102
bus boycott, 39, 47–48, 57–63, 65–71, 67, 74, 94–96
fiftieth anniversary remembrance of, 100, 101–103
free-ride transportation system during, 39, 66–69, 68, 70, 71, 94
indictment of leaders of, 81, 81–82
lawsuit brought during, see Browder v. Gayle
mass meetings during, 61, 61–62, 64, 66, 69, 74, 92
media coverage of, 68
Parks’s arrest as catalyst for, 57–61
trial of leaders of, 94–95
violence against, 69, 71, 78, 80, 94, 98
Carnes, Edward, 120n
Carper, Katherine, 26
for elite versus working poor blacks, 48, 59
mass meetings in, 61, 64, 65, 92
white, 15
Citizens Coordinating Committee, 44
Civil War, 83
Colbert, Claudette, 11
Columbia University, 25
Colvin, Claudette, 10, 18, 22, 36
adopted by Mary Ann and Q.P., 11
arrest of, 9, 29–35, 33, 37, 39–40, 43, 51, 55, 57, 58, 63, 71, 85–87, 105
birth of, 11
during bus boycott, 60–61, 68–69
childhood in Pine Level of, 3, 11–15
children of, 75, 79, 89, 92–93, 99, 102
conviction and appeal of, 45, 46, 47, 48–49, 94
death of sister of, 18–19, 21, 22
experiences of segregation described by, 16–18
expulsion from high school of, 60, 92, 103
at fiftieth anniversary remembrance of bus boycott, 100, 101–3
hair and skin color of, 22, 50–51, 53
in high school, 18, 21–22, 25–27, 45, 50–51
impact of Reeves case on, 23–25, 27
interviews with, 106–7
in junior high school, 18
juvenile court hearing of, 40, 41, 44–45
King’s conversation with, 99
moves to Montgomery, 15
in NAACP youth group, 41–42, 51–52
organization of support for, 40, 48–49
as plaintiff in lawsuit, 73–75, 79–80, 83, 85–89, 92–93, 105–6
pregnancy of, 59–60, 62–63, 69, 73, 92
relationship with older man of, 52–53
restaurant jobs of, 98
on segregation today, 103–4
Women’s Political Council and, 47, 48
Colvin, Delphine (Claudette’s sister), 10, 11, 15, 17–19, 21, 22, 50
Colvin, Mary Ann (Claudette’s mother), 3, 11, 15–19, 50, 74, 93, 102, 103
during bus boycott, 60, 68, 69, 92
after Claudette’s arrest, 34
during Claudette’s pregnancy, 59–60, 62–63
and lawsuit against city of Montgomery, 73, 79, 89
as maid for white family, 34, 51, 68, 92
moves to Montgomery, 15
in Pine Level, 11–13
Colvin, Q. P. (Claudette’s father), 11, 15–19, 86, 93, 98, 102
during bus boycott, 68, 68, 69, 92
after Claudette’s arrest, 34
at Claudette’s juvenile court hearing, 44
during Claudette’s pregnancy, 63
and lawsuit against city of Montgomery, 73, 79
moves to Montgomery, 15
in Pine Level, 11
Colvin, Randy (Claudette’s son), 102
Colvin, Raymond (Claudette’s son), 75, 79, 89, 92, 93, 99, 102
Colvin, Velma (Claudette’s sister), 11, 34, 62–63, 75, 93, 99, 102
Communists, 74
Constitution, U.S., 25, 30, 71, 82
Fourteenth Amendment, 80, 83, 91, 92
cross burnings, 53
Davis, Angela, 21
Davis, Sammy, Jr., 26
Dexter Avenue Baptist Church, 23, 40, 48, 59
Dickerson-Waheed, William, 77
Eisenhower, Dwight D., 83
Emanuel, James, 26
Evans, Dale, 17–18
First Baptist Church, 4, 44, 99
Gadson, Mary Jane (Claudette’s birth mother), 10, 11, 42, 60, 63, 89
Gadson, Thomas, 10
Gayle, W. A. “Tacky,” 39, 65, 71, 80, 82, 88, 91–92, 94, 95
George Washington Carver High School, 21
Gilmore, Georgia, 95
Grand Ole Opry (radio show), 16
Gray, Fred, 42–43, 43, 48, 59, 93, 101, 113
Claudette represented by, 40, 43–45, 49
indictment as boycott leader of, 81, 82
King defended by, 94
in lawsuit against city of Montgomery, 71–74, 79, 80, 82–86, 86, 88
white boycott supporters and, 69
H. L. Green’s five-and-ten-cent store, 88
hair texture, attitudes toward, 20, 22, 26–27, 50–51, 53
Hamilton, Mrs., 31
Hawthorne, Nathaniel, 25
Headley, Paul, 44
Henderson, Donald, 26
Henderson, James, 79
Henderson, Vicki, 26
Henry, Patrick, 25
Highlander Folk School, 55
Hill, Wiley, Jr., 44–45
Holt Street Baptist Church, 61, 64, 65, 92
Hughes, Langston, 3
Hutchinson Street Baptist Church, 48, 51, 98
J. J. Newberry’s department store, 16
Jet magazine, 80
Jim Crow segregation, 3–4, 4–6, 6, 16, 17, 43, 55, 72, 107
on buses, 6–9, 28, 39, 54, 85, 95
in schools, Supreme Court decision on, see Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
Johnson, Edwina, 8
Johnson, Frank M., Jr., 77, 83, 91, 92, 93, 120n
Johnson, Geneva, 8
Johnson, H. H., 12, 14, 74–75, 89, 93
after Claudette’s arrest, 34, 35, 39–40
indictment as boycott leader of, 82
at mass meeting, 74
Johnson, Margaret, 30
Johnson, Marshall, 8
Jordan, Rosa, 97
“Jump Jim Crow” (song), 4
King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1, 8, 61, 61, 63, 79, 80–81
arrest of, 71
bombing of home of, 71, 80, 98
Browder v. Gayle trial and, 83–87
after Claudette’s arrest, 40–41
Claudette’s conversation with, 99
elected president of Montgomery Improvement Association, 62, 66
on first integrated bus, 95–96, 96
indictment and trial as boycott leader of, 81, 81, 94–95
at mass meetings, 61, 62, 65, 69, 71, 74
in meetings with city and bus company officials, 54–55
King Hill Recreation Center, 18
Korean War, 53
Kress’s five-and-ten, 17
Ku Klux Klan (KKK), 34, 74, 98
Langford, Charles, 88
Larkin, Annie, see Price, Annie Larkin
Lightning Route trolley line, 7
Lincoln-Douglas debates, 26
lynchings, 53
Magna Carta, 25
Makeba, Awele, 101
Malcolm X, 29
Mama Sweetie, 13, 14, 79, 89, 93
McDonald, Susie, 84
McDougall, Curtiss, 49
Mr. Comedian (radio show), 16
Mobile, segregated buses in, 7
Montgomery Advertiser, 47, 58, 69, 78, 79, 91, 96, 98, 103
Montgomery Circuit Court, 49
Montgomery City Council, 80
Montgomery City Lines, 8–9, 39, 42, 62, 65, 69
arrests of black passengers of, 29–32, 33, 39–40, 43–45, 53–55
boycott of, see bus boycott
lawsuit challenging segregation of, see Browder v. Gayle
meetings between black leaders, city officials, and representatives of, 38–39, 54–55
Montgomery Fair department store, 43
Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA), 62, 66–67, 70, 72, 73, 81, 94, 95
Montgomery Juvenile Court, 44
Morgan, Juliette, 69
Nashville, segregated buses in, 7
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), 27, 43, 59, 72, 94
funds raised for Claudette’s appeal by, 48–49
youth group of, 41–42, 51–52, 61
Nesbitt, Geraldine, 25–26, 26, 50, 58, 75
after Claudette’s arrest, 40
Negro History Week taught by, 27, 30
Nixon, E. D., 41, 41, 48, 53, 56, 59, 74
attack on home of, 71
after Claudette’s arrest, 40, 43
indictment as boycott leader of, 81, 82
on King’s speeches, 65
in meetings with city and bus company officials, 54
after Parks’s arrest, 58
Parks, Rosa, 41, 42, 48, 49, 53, 56, 93, 102–5
appeal of conviction of, 73
indictment as boycott leader of, 81, 82
NAACP youth group led by, 41–42, 51–52, 61
Parks, Sylvester, 42
Pine Level (Alabama), 11–15, 42, 79, 93
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896), 71, 91, 92
Poe, Edgar Allan, 25
polio, 18–19
Price, Annie Larkin, 44, 66, 95, 98, 113
Purcell, Harold, 19
Reese, Jeanette, 83
Reeves, Jeremiah, 23–25, 24, 27, 34, 63, 115–16n
Rice, Thomas “Daddy,” 4
Rivers of Change (Dickerson-Waheed), 77
Rives, Richard, 83, 85, 89, 91, 92
Robinson, Jo Ann, 8, 37–39, 38, 53, 65, 68, 93
boycott flyer produced and distributed by, 58
at Browder v. Gayle trial, 83, 88
after Claudette’s arrest, 37, 41
at Claudette’s juvenile court hearing, 44, 45
indictment as boycott leader of, 81, 82 132
in meetings with city and bus company officials, 38–39, 54
police attacks on home of, 71
in Women’s Political Council, 47–48
Rogers, Roy, 17–18
St. Jude Hospital, 18–19
Salter, Jack, 85–86
schools, desegregation of, 83
see also Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
Selma-to-Montgomery march, 83
separate but equal, doctrine of, 71, 92
Sikora, Frank, 88, 96, 102–3, 113, 120n
skin color, attitudes toward, 22, 26–27
Smiley, Glenn, 96
Smith, Frank, 54
Smith, Mary Louise, 53–55, 54, 84, 88
Spring Hill School (Pine Level), 13–14
Supreme Court, U.S., 9, 24, 26, 27, 71, 85, 92, 95, 98
Taylor, Fred, 116n
Till, Emmett, 53
Todd, Nancy, 26
To Kill a Mockingbird (film), 120n
Trinity Lutheran Church, 69, 94
Underground Railroad, 27
USA Today, 106
Ward, T. J., 44
Warren, Earl, 27
We Were There, Too! (Hoose), 105
Wheatley, Phillis, 37
White, Viola, 8
White Citizens Councils, 74, 80, 94
Williams, Hank, 16
Willing, Richard, 106
Wingfield, Katie, 8
Women’s Political Council (WPC), 38, 39, 47–48
World War II, 12
Worthy, Epsie, 9