| ADAH | Alabama Department of Archives and History, Montgomery, Ala. |
| AHS | Atlanta Historical Society, Atlanta, Ga. |
| ALPL | Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library, Springfield, Ill. |
| AU | Auburn University, Auburn, Ala. |
| BGSU | Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio |
| BPL | Birmingham Public Library, Birmingham, Ala. |
| BU | Baylor University, Waco, Tex. |
| CCNMP | Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park, Ft. Oglethorpe, Ga. |
| CHS | Chicago Historical Society, Chicago, Ill. |
| CI | The Citadel, Charleston, S.C. |
| CIHS | Cincinnati Historical Society, Cincinnati, Ohio |
| CPL | Chattanooga Public Library, Chattanooga, Tenn. |
| CU | Carroll University, Waukesha, Wisc. |
| DP | DePauw University, Greencastle, Ind. |
| DPL | Danville Public Library, Danville, Ill. |
| DU | Duke University, Durham, N.C. |
| EU | Emory University, Atlanta, Ga. |
| FHS | Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Ky. |
| GDAH | Georgia Department of Archives and History, Morrow, Ga. |
| GHS | Georgia Historical Society, Savannah, Ga. |
| HC | Hill College, Hillsboro, Tex. |
| HL | Huntington Library, San Marino, Calif. |
| HPL | Rutherford B. Hayes Presidential Library, Fremont, Ohio |
| HSP | Historical Society of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Penn. |
| IHS | Indiana Historical Society, Indianapolis, Ind. |
| ISHL | State Historical Society of Iowa, Des Moines, Iowa |
| ISL | Indiana State Library, Indianapolis, Ind. |
| IU | Indiana University, Bloomington, Ind. |
| KC | Knox College, Galesburg, Ill. |
| KMNMP | Kennesaw Mountain National Military Park, Kennesaw, Ga. |
| KSHS | Kansas State Historical Society, Topeka, Kans. |
| KYHS | Kentucky Historical Society, Frankfort, Ky. |
| LC | Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. |
| LCA | Eli Lilly & Company Archives, Indianapolis, Ind. |
| LSU | Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, La. |
| LV | Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. |
| MAC | Marietta College, Marietta, Ohio |
| MC | Museum of the Confederacy, Richmond, Va. |
| MDAH | Mississippi Department of Archives and History, Jackson, Miss. |
| MDHS | Maryland Historical Society, Baltimore, Md. |
| MHM | Missouri History Museum, St. Louis, Mo. |
| MHS | Minnesota Historical Society, St. Paul, Minn. |
| MU | Miami University, Miami, Ohio |
| NAHA | Norwegian-American Historical Association, Northfield, Minn. |
| NARA | National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, D.C. |
| NC | Navarro College, Corsicana, Tex. |
| NCDAH | North Carolina Department of Archives and History, Raleigh, N.C. |
| NCWM | National Civil War Museum, Harrisburg, Penn. |
| NIU | Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Ill. |
| NL | Newberry Library, Chicago, Ill. |
| NLM | National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, Md. |
| NSHS | Nebraska State Historical Society, Lincoln, NE |
| NYPL | New York Public Library, New York, N.Y. |
| OHS | Ohio Historical Society, Columbus, Ohio |
| OR | War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies. 70 vols. in 128. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1880–1901. Unless otherwise cited, all references to OR are to series 1. OR citations take the following form: volume number (part number, where applicable):page number. |
| SCHS | South Carolina Historical Society, Charleston, S.C. |
| SLRH | Smith Library of Regional History, Oxford, Ohio |
| SOR | Supplement to the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies. 100 vols. Wilmington, N.C.: Broadfoot, 1994–2001. |
| SRNB | Stones River National Battlefield, Murfreesboro, Tenn. |
| TCU | Texas Christian University, Ft. Worth, Tex. |
| TSLA | Tennessee State Library and Archives, Nashville, Tenn. |
| TU | Tulane University, New Orleans, La. |
| UAK | University of Akron, Akron, Ohio |
| UCB | University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, Calif. |
| UCLA | University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Calif. |
| UDC | United Daughters of the Confederacy |
| UF | University of Florida, Gainesville, Fla. |
| UFL | Urbana Free Library, Urbana, Ill. |
| UGA | University of Georgia, Athens, Ga. |
| UI | University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Ill. |
| UK | University of Kentucky, Lexington, Ky. |
| UM-B | University of Michigan Bentley Library, Ann Arbor, Mich. |
| UM-C | University of Michigan Clements Library, Ann Arbor, Mich. |
| UNC | University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, N.C. |
| UND | University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Ind. |
| US | University of the South, Sewanee, Tenn. |
| USAHEC | United States Army Heritage and Education Center, Carlisle, Penn. |
| UT | University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tenn. |
| UTC | University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, Chattanooga, Tenn. |
| UTX | University of Texas, Austin, Tex. |
| VCPL | Vigo County Public Library, Terre Haute, Ind. |
| VHS | Virginia Historical Society, Richmond, Va. |
| VM | Valentine Museum, Richmond, Va. |
| VMI | Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Va. |
| VT | Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Va. |
| WC | Wabash College, Crawfordsville, Ind. |
| WHS | Wisconsin Historical Society, Madison, Wisc. |
| WIU | Western Illinois University, Macomb, Ill. |
| WMU | Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Mich. |
| WRHS | Western Reserve Historical Society, Cleveland, Ohio |
| WSU | Wright State University, Fairborn, Ohio |
| WU | Winthrop University, Rock Hill, S.C. |
| WVM | Wisconsin Veterans Museum, Madison, Wisc. |
| WVU | West Virginia University, Morgantown, W.Va. |
| YU | Yale University, New Haven, Conn. |
1. OR 52(1):392; Heg, Letters, 226–28; Fisher, Staff Officer’s Story, 71; Post Diary, 4 July 1863, KC; Himoe Diary, 4 July 1863, NAHA; Dodge, Old Second Division, 507.
2. Hempstead Diary, 4 July 1863, UM-B; OR 23(1):444, 549, 572, 575–77; Kendall Diary, 4 July 1863, HL; Robert Burns to Davidson, 4 July 1863, MHS; OR 23(2):513, 531; XIV Corps Journal, Thomas Papers, NARA; Hapeman Diary, 4 July 1863, ISHL; Shotts Diary, 4 July 1863, and Benedict Diary, 4 July 1863, both in SRNB; Small Diary, 4 July 1863, Hollingsworth Diary, 4 July 1863, and Howe Diary, 4 July 1863, all in IHS; OR 52(1):393; Walker Diary, 4 July 1863, USAHEC; Van Cleve to Starling, 6 July 1863, Van Cleve Papers, MHS; J. M. Branum, National Tribune, 13 December 1900; Partridge, Ninety-Sixth Illinois, 143; “Summaries of the News,” 4 July 1863, NARA.
3. Sewanee: The University of the South, “About Sewanee, University History,” http://www.sewanee.edu/about/university-history (9 January 2010); Kendall Diary, 4 July 1863, HL; Leeper Diary, 4 July 1863, SRNB; OR 23(1):549–50; Corbitt Diary, 4 July 1863, EU.
4. OR 23(1):550–52, 616–17; Corbitt Diary, 4 July 1863, EU; Bunting, Letters, 171–72; Batchelor and Turner, Batchelor-Turner Letters, 59, 62–63; Rabb, “Rabb Letters,” 211–12; Macmurphy Diary, 4 July 1863, http://www.terrystexasrangers.org/diaries/macmurphy_gl/index.html (21 June 2009); C. W. Love to his parents, 8 August 1863, http://www.terrystexasrangers.org/letters/love_cw/1863_08_20.htm (19 December 2009).
5. U.S. Congress, House of Representatives, Atlas of Chickamauga, “Military Map Showing the Theater of Operations”; “Special Orders, No. 176,” 3 July 1863, Bragg Papers, WRHS; OR 23(1):626; OR 23(2):897–900.
6. OR 23(1):625–27; OR 23(2):897–99; Moorman, “Moorman Memorandum,” 75.
7. OR 23(1):617, 626–27; OR 23(2):899–900; SOR 13:909; SOR 17:323; Wyeth, Sabre, 232; Heartsill, Fourteen Hundred, 137; Collins, Chapters, 137; Coleman Diary, 4 July 1863, UNC; Robert L. Bliss to his mother, 14 July 1863, Bliss Letters, ADAH.
8. Fitch, Echoes, 125–26; Frank M. Phelps to his friends, 17 July 1863, Phelps Letters, Lewis Leigh Collection, USAHEC; Hinkley Diary, 4 July 1863, WHS; Webster Diary, 4 July 1863, Civil War Miscellaneous Collection, USAHEC; Johnston, Soldier Boy, 44; Otto, Mudsill, 149–50; Hough, Soldier, 105–6; Hapeman Diary, 4 July 1863, ALPL; Shotts Diary, 4 July 1863, SRNB; Christian Diary, 4 July 1863, CCNMP; Inskeep Diary, 4 July 1863, OHS; Small Diary, 4 July 1863, IHS; Price Diary, 4 July 1863, Civil War Miscellaneous Collection, USAHEC; Reed Diary, 4 July 1863, CCNMP; Kitchell Diary, 4 July 1863, ALPL; Miller Journal, 4 July 1863, IHS; Taylor Diary, 4 July 1863, SRNB; Ward Diary, 4 July 1863, Booth Papers, OHS; Josiah D. Cotton to his wife, 4 July 1863, Cotton Papers, LC; Hight, Fifty-Eighth Indiana, 150; Woodruff, Fifteen Years, 269; Kerwood, Fifty-Seventh Indiana, 193; Marshall Diary, 4 July 1863, OHS; Hinman, Sherman Brigade, 394–95; George Sowers to his brother, 5 July 1863, Sowers Letter, Earl Hess Collection, USAHEC; Clark, Tigers, 71; Busbey Diary, 4 July 1863, SRNB; Everett Letter Excerpts, 5 July 1863, WIU; Simmons, Eighty-Fourth Illinois, 61–62; Woodcock, Southern Boy, 174; Partridge, Ninety-Sixth Illinois, 143; J. M. Branum, National Tribune, 13 December 1900; Members, Battery M, First Illinois, 71; Winans Diary, 4 July 1863, CCNMP.
9. “Summaries of the News,” 4 July 1863, NARA; OR 23(2):511–12; Rosecrans to Stanton, 4 July 1863, DC, Telegrams Sent, NARA; OR 52(1):392.
10. Heg, Letters, 226–27; Post Diary, 4 July 1863, KC; Mosman, Rough Side, 62–63; John Russell to his sister, 10 July 1863, Russell Letters, Civil War Times Illustrated Collection, USAHEC; Colyer Diary, 4 July 1863, ALPL; Himoe Diary, 4 July 1863, NAHA; Love Diary, 4 July 1863, and James E. Love to Molly, 5 July 1863, Love Papers, MHM; James G. Watson to [addressee unknown], 6 July 1863, Watson Letters, UI; Smith, Private Smith’s Journal, 80–81.
11. “Summaries of the News,” 4 July 1863, NARA; OR 23(1):583; James M. Sligh to his mother, 14 July 1863, Sligh Family Papers, UM-B; SOR 42:387; OR 20(2):5–6; Hoffman, “Brave Mechanics,” 56; OR 23(2):503; Taylor, “Supply,” 72–73; Goddard to Anderson, 4 July 1863 (two messages), Rosecrans to Anderson, 4 July 1863, and Garfield to Anderson, 4 July 1863, all in DC, Telegrams Sent, NARA.
1. Lamers, Edge of Glory, 8–15; Wert, Longstreet, 31; Elliott, Soldier of Tennessee, 9; Reid, Ohio in the War, 1:311–12; Heitman, Historical Register, 1:846.
2. Lamers, Edge of Glory, 15–17; Reid, Ohio in the War, 1:312–13; Mulhane, Memorial of Rosecrans, 50; Heitman, Historical Register, 1:846; “History of Major General William Starke Rosecrans,” http://rosecransheadquarters.org/History/RosecransBio (3 October 2010).
3. Lamers, Edge of Glory, 17–19; Reid, Ohio in the War, 1:313–14.
4. Lamers, Edge of Glory, 20–36; Reid, Ohio in the War, 1:314–16; Heitman, Historical Register, 1:846; McClellan, McClellan Papers, 44; Newell, Lee vs. McClellan, 116–17, 124–33; OR 2:214–18.
5. OR 2:762; Welcher, Union Army, 1:33, 212, 2:126–27; Newell, Lee vs. McClellan, 256, 262–71; Lamers, Edge of Glory, 39–72; OR 12(3):67.
6. OR 12(3):71, 74, 77, 81–82, 86–87, 89, 92, 96, 99–100, 105, 132, 168, 186–87; Thomas and Hyman, Stanton, 182–85; Lamers, Edge of Glory, 73–80.
7. Lamers, Edge of Glory, 81–130; Welcher, Union Army, 2:187–91, 620–23; Cozzens, Darkest Days, 68–134.
8. Lamers, Edge of Glory, 131–82; Reid, Ohio in the War, 1:326–27; Cozzens, Darkest Days, 301–4; “Rosecrans’s Campaigns,” in U.S. Congress, Report of the Joint Committee, 3:23; OR 16(2):652, 653; OR 17(2):239, 251, 283, 286–87; Welcher, Union Army, 2:20, 159, 268. For a detailed analysis of the Grant/Rosecrans feud, see Varney, General Grant, 31–121; and Rose, Grant under Fire, 151–63.
9. Lamers, Edge of Glory, 177–92; OR 52(1):295, 297; OR 17(2):291; OR 16(2):654–55, 657, 663; OR 20(2):11; Welcher, Union Army, 2:159–60.
10. OR 16(2):640–41; OR 20(2):117–18, 123–24.
11. Lamers, Edge of Glory, 181–247; OR 20(1):186–88; OR 20(2):300, 306.
12. Lamers, Edge of Glory, 248–91; Reid, Ohio in the War, 1:335–37; OR 23(2):34, 37–38, 60, 66, 72, 95, 111, 138, 146, 154–55, 171, 191, 207, 232, 255–56, 270–71, 320–21, 369, 383; Welcher, Union Army, 1:832–39.
13. Olmsted, Defending the Union, 538–42, 583; Cooney, “War Letters,” 163–65; Carlin, Memoirs, 90–91; William S. Rosecrans to George B. Pearson, 1 November 1863, Rosecrans Papers, UCLA; Garfield, Wild Life, 224–28; Beatty, Citizen Soldier, 229–30, 235–36, 249, 256–64, 308; Shanks, Recollections, 258, 261–62; Villard, Memoirs, 212; Palmer, Turncoat, 120–21; Cox, “Chickamauga Crisis,” 329; Kimberly and Holloway, Forty-First Ohio, 43. For an admiring summary of Rosecrans’s life and career up to July 1863, see Moore, Rosecrans, 5–90.
14. Fitch, Annals, 41–47; Reid, Ohio in the War, 1:739–51; Smith, Garfield, 1:269–70, 273–78, 307–8; Garfield, Wild Life, 229–36, 240; Sanderson Journal, 15 October 1863, OHS; OR 23(2):394–97, 403–11, 413–15, 417–18, 420–24, 433–34; Peskin, Garfield, 169–75.
15. Reid, Ohio in the War, 1:751–53; Smith, Garfield, 1:279–80, 287, 307–9, 358–59; Sanderson Journal, 15 October 1863, OHS; Beatty, Citizen Soldier, 224–26; Stanley, Memoirs, 131–32; Peskin, Garfield, 173–81, 217.
16. Washington (D.C.) Evening Times, 2 July 1896; Heitman, Historical Register, 1:229, 384, 673, 800, 956, 958; Powell, Officers (Volunteer), 52; Society of the Army of the Cumberland: Twenty-Fourth Reunion, 228–29; Hunt and Brown, Brevet Brigadier Generals, 611; OR 20(1):199, 219; Fitch, Annals, 51–55; OR 23(2):82, 153, 208–9; Howe, Historical Collections, 1:200; Official Roster, Ohio, 5:479, 505; OR 30(1):63.
17. Heitman, Historical Register, 1:267, 373, 385, 461, 938, 959, 1067; Society of the Army of the Cumberland: Twenty-Third Reunion, 171–74; Society of the Army of the Cumberland: Twenty-Fourth Reunion, 240–46; OR 23(2):36, 101–2, 208–9, 225, 504–5; Official Roster, Ohio, 1:23; OR 20(2):215; OR 30(1):63; New York Times, 18 August 1897; Garfield, Wild Life, 145, 180, 252; Memoir of Ducat, 5–44; Mattes, Indians, 10–13; Hubbard, Autobiography, xxvi.
18. Jones, Right Hand, viii–ix. For a slightly different way of characterizing the staff of the Army of the Cumberland during Rosecrans’s tenure, see Richardson, “Rosecrans’ Staff,” 21–24.
19. Heitman, Historical Register, 1:799, 887, 947; Fitch, Annals, 265–81, 301–2; Taylor, “Supply,” 106–7; OR 20(2):215; OR 23(2):36.
20. Heitman, Historical Register, 1:192, 915; Hunt and Brown, Brevet Brigadier Generals, 31; Fitch, Annals, 199–205, 298–300; OR 30(1):233–36; OR 20(2):94; Mammay, “Union Artillery,” 28–29; Warner, Generals in Blue, 470; Stanley, Memoirs, 118–21.
21. Heitman, Historical Register, 1:178, 425, 705, 960; Fitch, Annals, 49–50, 289–92; OR 30(1):222, 227; OR 23(2):116; Lyman, “Some Aspects,” 211–12; Rubenstein, “Medical Support,” 21–25; Duncan, Medical Department, 279.
22. Heitman, Historical Register, 1:248, 329, 464; Fitch, Annals, 282–88; OR 23(2):225; Richardson, “Rosecrans’ Staff,” 36–37; OR 30(1):228–30.
23. Heitman, Historical Register, 1:731; Warner, Generals in Blue, 336–37; Fitch, Annals, 180–91; OR 20(1):186; OR 20(2):6–7, 306; Bickham, Rosecrans’ Campaign, 81–82; Hazen, Narrative, 405–8; Shiman, “Engineering and Command,” 88–93, 103–4.
24. Heitman, Historical Register, 1:705; OR 30(3):912–13; OR 23(2):376–77; Shiman, “Engineering and Command,” 96–99; William C. Margedant to William S. Rosecrans, 21 September 1887, Rosecrans Papers, UCLA; Cone, Concise History, 2:347.
25. Heitman, Historical Register, 1:705, 982; Brown, Signal Corps, 56–57, 176–77, 457–59, 486; OR, Series 3, 3:958–59; Furey, Past and Present, 197; Fitch, Annals, 303–8; Plum, Military Telegraph, 1:173, 175, 256, 264–68, 303–5.
26. Weber, Northern Railroads, 136, 187; OR 20(2):5–6; Taylor, “Supply,” 72–73; http://www.kshs.org/p/anderson-family-papers/13973 (4 December 2010).
27. Fitch, Annals, 326–30, 346–56; Conyngham, “Soldiers of the Cross,” 19–41, UND; Miller, Both Prayed, 115; Durham, Nashville, 200–204, 228–29, 240–46; Durham, Reluctant Partners, 33–37; OR 30(1):183; OR 23(2):380; Cincinnati Daily Commercial, 31 October and 3 November 1863; Johnson, Johnson Papers, 6:xxxiii–iv, 205–6; Feis, “Truesdail’s Army Police,” 34–45.
28. Fitch, Annals, 257–64; Olmsted, Defending the Union, 538–42; Sanderson Journal, 27 September 1863, OHS; Emerson Opdycke to his wife, 16 November 1863, Opdycke Papers, OHS; William B. Hazen to Benson H. Lossing, 23 August 1866, Hazen Letter, Palmer Collection, WRHS.
29. Welcher, Union Army, 2:269, 322, 331, 348, 369; OR 23(2):574. The Aggregate Present category “shows the total number with the army in every capacity. It includes all arms of the service, wagon trains, medical department, special details, men under arrest, and the sick in camp,—in fact, all for whom rations must be provided.” The Present for Duty category “includes all who were present with their commands and ready for duty, whatever their duties might be. It embraced musicians, company cooks, quartermasters and commissaries, hospital corps, and other noncombatants.” Fox, New York at Gettysburg, 1:101–2.
30. OR 23(2):572; Warner, Generals in Blue, 500–501; Van Horne, Life of Thomas, 84–89; OR 16(2):657, 663; Fitch, Annals, 56–66; William S. Rosecrans to Evening Bulletin, 7 October 1882, Rosecrans Papers, UCLA. Biographies of Thomas abound. The most recent are Einolf, Thomas; Bobrick, Master of War; and Wills, Thomas.
31. Villard, Memoirs, 213–14; Shanks, Recollections, 75–80; Jones, “Recollections,” 12–13; Beatty, Citizen Soldier, 304; Palmer, Turncoat, 121–22; Scribner, Soldiers, 116–18; Johnson, Reminiscences, 308–9.
32. OR 23(2) 572, 574–75; Lee, Kentuckian, 5–116; Warner, Generals in Blue, 268–69, 412–13, 472–73; Welsh, Medical Histories, Union, 284; OR 30(1):211; Scribner, Soldiers, 11–19, 276–79; Shanks, Recollections, 195–241; Fitch, Annals, 79–87; Hough, Soldier, 63; Historical Sketch, Benjamin Scribner, http://www.indianahistory.org/library/manuscripts/collection_guides/sc1322.html (21 February 2011); Perry, Thirty-Eighth Indiana, 14–15; Hunt and Brown, Brevet Brigadier Generals, 542; Beatty, Citizen Soldier, 270, 280, 303–4; Starkweather, Military Services, 5; Johnson, Brave Men, 333; Johnson, Reminiscences, 240–41.
33. OR 23(2):572, 575; Fitch, Annals, 91–111; Shanks, Recollections, 293–94; Warner, Generals in Blue, 27–28, 341–42; Beatty, Citizen Soldier, 268; James, “Negley,” 69–78; Barclay, “Negley,” 11–26; Hunt and Brown, Brevet Brigadier Generals, 581; Warren, Stanley Families, 161–62; Gancas, Gallant Seventy-Eighth, 1–15, 196.
34. OR 23(2):572, 575; Warner, Generals in Blue, 42–43, 473, 522; New York Times, 16 February 1859; New York Tribune, 24 April 1860; Davis, Incredible Civil War, 163; OR, Series 3, 1:854–58; Hunt and Brown, Brevet Brigadier Generals, 645; Portrait, Marion and Hardin Counties, 434; Brennan, Biographical Cyclopaedia, 1:201–2; Shanks, Recollections, 276–79, 281, 288; Reid, Ohio in the War, 1:784–86, 890; Hafendorfer, Perryville, 449–50; OR 20(1):178, 211.
35. Warner, Generals in Blue, 102–3, 397–98; Eicher and Eicher, High Commands, 451; Kapaun, “Reynolds,” 8–15; Williams, Wilder, 1–14; Beatty, Citizen Soldier, 295; Hunt and Brown, Brevet Brigadier Generals, 513; OR 23(1):454; Boatner, Civil War Dictionary, 209; Crook, Autobiography, 95–101; OR 23(2):398.
36. OR 23(2):573; Warner, Generals in Blue, 294; Fitch, Annals, 73–78; Reid, Ohio in the War, 1:806–9; Powell and Shippen, Officers (Regular), 258; Welcher, Union Army, 2:322, Whalen and Whalen, Fighting McCooks, 69–77, 127–31, 167, 178–88. For an extensive summary of McCook’s life and career prior to July 1863, see Fanebust, McCook, 29–168.
37. Isaac N. Schnorf to his brother and sister, 7 July 1863, Schnorf Letter, OHS; Jones, “Recollections,” 9–10; Beatty, Citizen Soldier, 211–12, 235–36, 295; OR 16(1):1031; Reid, Ohio in the War, 1:751–52, 806–9; Hazen, Narrative, 151–52; Shanks, Recollections, 249; Whalen and Whalen, Fighting McCooks, 170; Stanley, Memoirs, 120; Boatner, Civil War Dictionary, 526; Fanebust, McCook, 168–69.
38. OR 23(2):573; Warner, Generals in Blue, 69–70, 115–16; Hughes and Whitney, Davis in Blue, 100–126; Sones, “Davis,” 1–79; Cozzens, “Forgotten Hero,” 75–85; Carlin, Memoirs, 10–93; Johnson, Reminiscences, 241–42; Heg, Letters, 2–37.
39. OR 23(2):573; Warner, Generals in Blue, 253–54, 365–66; Dodge, Old Second Division, 461–73; OR 16(1):871–76; Fitch, Annals, 152–54; Reinhart, Gallant Dutchmen, 10–11, 16–18; Stewart, “Bachelor General,” 131–39; Dodge Family Association, “Col Joseph B Dodge,” http://www.dodgefamily.org/Biographies/J/ColJosephDodge.shtml (10 April 2011); Beatty, Citizen Soldier, 252–53; Indiana at Chickamauga, 130; Briant, Sixth Indiana, 70, 126, 171; OR 20(1):336–38; Baldwin, Baldwin Genealogy, 468.
40. OR 23(2):573; Morris, Sheridan, 1–40, 78–112; Greiner, General Phil Sheridan, 230–31; W. S. Rosecrans, National Tribune, 28 June 1883; Warner, Generals in Blue, 40–41, 287–88, 437–38; Lytle, For Honor, 2–27; Scharf, History of Saint Louis, 1–448; Smith, Stones River (Union), 218–19, 231. The Second Brigade commander signed his name Bernhard Laibold on an official document in 1865. Bernhard Laibold, Loyalty Oath, 18 March 1865, Dexter P. Tiffany Collection, MHM.
41. OR 23(2):573; Eubank, Shadow of the Patriarch, 2–27, 37–38, 44–56, 71–121; Warner, Generals in Blue, 100; Welcher, Union Army, 2:161, 164, 193–94, 198, 205.
42. Lyman, Meade’s Headquarters, 116–17; Beatty, Citizen Soldier, 235–36; Eubank, Shadow of the Patriarch, 7–8, 19–20, 78, 93, 116, 127; Shanks, Recollections, 249; Hazen, Narrative, 152.
43. OR 23(2):573; Welcher, Union Army, 2:194, 799–800; Welsh, Medical Histories, Union, 377; Beatty, Citizen Soldier, 235–37; Warner, Generals in Blue, 207, 533–34, 569; Smith, Stones River (Union), 318, 332–56; Tuttle, Kentucky Captain, 91, 113; Shanks, Recollections, 295; Manville, “Wood,” 9–13; Hunt and Brown, Brevet Brigadier Generals, 88; Eicher and Eicher, High Commands, 152, 280, 546. For a detailed, and not altogether laudatory, summary of Wood’s career prior to the Chickamauga Campaign, see Lee, Wood, 5–114.
44. OR 23(2):573; Palmer, Recollections, 23–24, 71–74, 80–81; Warner, Generals in Blue, 104–5, 192–93, 225–26, 358–59; Fitch, Annals, 119–32; Smith, Stones River (Union), 357–409; Welcher, Union Army, 2:185–90, 192–94; Eicher and Eicher, High Commands, 193, 291, 415; Welsh, Medical Histories, Union, 85–86, 144, 165; Reid, Ohio in the War, 1:765–67; Hazzard, Henry County, 1:137–41; Hazen, Narrative, v–x.
45. OR 23(2):573; Warner, Generals in Blue, 28–29, 521–22; Eicher and Eicher, High Commands, 128, 209, 541; Welsh, Medical Histories, Union, 25, 349–50; Fitch, Annals, 174–75; Lott, “Van Cleve,” 14–26, 42–44, 49–52, 58–60; Smith, Stones River (Union), 295–96, 313; Barnes, Carnahan, and McCain, Eighty-Sixth Indiana, 546–53; “Sidney M. Barnes,” http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/arsebast/Bios/barnessid.html (22 August 2011); “Col. Sidney Barnes,” http://www.kentuckyregiments.org/8thky/staff/barnesfam.htm (22 August 2011); Dyer, Compendium, 1:450.
46. OR 23(2):398–99, 573; Warner, Generals in Blue, 181; Cullum, Register, 2:237–39; Eicher and Eicher, High Commands, 262–63; Welcher, Union Army, 2:181–83, 185–90; Shanks, Recollections, 268, 271, 273–75; Ninety-Second Illinois, 85–87. For a summary of Granger’s career, including statements regarding his personality by contemporaries, see Conner, Granger, 9–76.
47. OR 23(2):573; Warner, Generals in Blue, 15; Eicher and Eicher, High Commands, 112, 178; Baird, Profile, 11, 32–37, 60–66, 73–75, 84–86, 94–98; “Stephenson County Illinois Biographies—Smith D. Atkins,” https://www.accessgenealogy.com/illinois/biography-of-gen-smith-d-atkins.htm (24 August 2011); Welcher, Union Army, 2:831–32; “A Brief History of the 121st Ohio Volunteer Infantry,” http://121stovi.com/history.html (24 August 2011); Commemorative Biographical Record, 88–89; Hunt, Colonels in Blue, 108–9.
48. OR 23(2):28, 156, 196, 297, 378; Warner, Generals in Blue, 128–29, 295, 334–35; Eicher and Eicher, High Commands, 212, 374, 397; Welcher, Union Army, 2:130, 161, 163, 181, 185, 187, 189–90, 204; Hunt and Brown, Brevet Brigadier Generals, 570; Portrait, Hancock, McDonough and Henderson Counties, 219–20; Reid, Ohio in the War, 1:904–5; Smith, Stones River (Union), 570–71; Welsh, Medical Histories, Union, 211; Whalen and Whalen, Fighting McCooks, 129–30, 159–60.
49. OR 23(2):573; Warner, Generals in Blue, 182, 538–39; Eicher and Eicher, High Commands, 263, 553; Cullum, Register, 1:719–20; Welsh, Medical Histories, Union, 136–37; Welcher, Union Army, 2:158, 162, 193–94, 198, 200, 205, 794–96, 805; Ramage, Rebel Raider, 30, 41–43; “Lexington Rifles,” http://www.lexingtonrifles.com/1857-651.htm (August 2011); “Sanders Dewees Bruce,” http://www.findgrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=10581242 (28 August 2011); New York Times, 1 February 1902.
50. OR 23(2):573; Warner, Generals in Blue, 470; Eicher and Eicher, High Commands, 504–5; Reid, Ohio in the War, 1:796–98; Cullum, Register, 2:478–79; Stanley, Memoirs, 40–42, 54, 78–79; Belcher, Stanley, 1–141.
51. OR 23(2):29, 93, 197, 298, 573; Warner, Generals in Blue, 296, 328–29, 543–44; Eicher and Eicher, High Commands, 374, 392, 556; Welsh, Medical Histories, Union, 212, 233, 360–61; Welcher, Union Army, 2:84, 159, 161, 164, 190, 349, 819; “Mitchell, Robert Byington,” http://www.newmexicohistory.org/filedetails.php?fileID=23530 (29 August 2011); Beatty, Citizen Soldier, 307; Stanley, Memoirs, 135; Noe, Perryville, 284, 291–92, 380; “Col Archibald P Campbell,” http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=32460450 (30 August 2011); “Archibald Campbell GAR Post #161,” http://www.macombmicw.com/campbell.html (30 August 2011); Thatcher, Hundred Battles, 115–18; Fitch, Annals, 207; Whalen and Whalen, Fighting McCooks, 290–99.
52. OR 23(2):183, 246, 573; Warner, Generals in Blue, 283, 511; Eicher and Eicher, High Commands, 352, 391, 537; Welcher, Union Army, 2:349; East, “Lincoln’s Russian General,” 106–18; Turchin, Chickamauga, 5; Stanley, Memoirs, 135–37; Fitch, Annals, 205–13; Powell, Officers (Volunteer), 313; Reid, Ohio in the War, 1:861; Welsh, Medical Histories, Union, 205; Vale, Minty, 366–70.
53. OR 23(2):572–80, 967–68; Davis, “Ordnance Logistics,” 100–115.
1. McWhiney, Bragg, 1–25; Seitz, Bragg, 1–3; Martin, Bragg, 3–13; Hess, Bragg, 1–2; Wellman, County of Warren, 62–63, 80, 83, 90, 118. McWhiney places Bragg’s birthdate at 21 March, and Hess cites him, but all other sources indicate 22 March.
2. McWhiney, Bragg, 26–51; Seitz, Bragg, 3–4; Martin, Bragg, 14–29; Hess, Bragg, 2–4; Cullum, Register, 1:663; McKinney, Education, 29–39.
3. McWhiney, Bragg, 52–100; Seitz, Bragg, 5–11; Martin, Bragg, 30–64; Hess, Bragg, 4–5; Bridges, Maverick General, 19. For a mixed view of Bragg as a battery commander, see French, Two Wars, 62–64.
4. McWhiney, Bragg, 101–150; Seitz, Bragg, 11–19; Martin, Bragg, 64–89; Hess, Bragg, 5–12. For a positive view of Bragg as a battery commander during the 1850s, see John M. Geissler, National Tribune, 12 March 1891.
5. McWhiney, Bragg, 151–77; Seitz, Bragg, 20–51; Martin, Bragg, 90–101; Hess, Bragg, 15–18; Hay, “Bragg,” 268–70.
6. McWhiney, Bragg, 175–98; Seitz, Bragg, 52–84; Martin, Bragg, 100–111; Hess, Bragg, 18–27; Taylor, Destruction, 100; Russell, Diary, 207; Welsh, Medical Histories, Confederate, 23; OR 6:788–89, 797–98.
7. McWhiney, Bragg, 202–52; Seitz, Bragg, 85–122; Martin, Bragg, 112–47; Hay, “Bragg,” 271, 276–77; Hess, Bragg, 28–42; OR 10(1):463–70. Modern accounts of the Battle of Shiloh that cover Bragg’s role fully include Sword, Bloody April; Daniel, Shiloh; and Cunningham, Shiloh.
8. McWhiney, Bragg, 253–60; Seitz, Bragg, 123–32; Martin, Bragg, 148–53; Hess, Bragg, 43–47; Hay, “Bragg,” 277–79; McDonough, Shiloh, 150; Haughton, Training, 78–84; Daniel, Soldiering, 107–10; Urquhart, “Bragg’s Advance,” in Battles and Leaders, 3:609; S. H. Stout, “Reminiscences of General Braxton Bragg,” Bragg Papers, WRHS; Watson, Life, 368–69; OR 17(2):606, 612, 614.
9. OR 10(1):780–86; OR 17(2):627–28, 636, 644–45, 647–48, 649, 651–52, 655–56, 658, 667–68, 677; McWhiney, Bragg, 261–81; Seitz, Bragg, 133–67; Martin, Bragg, 154–67; Hess, Bragg, 47–57; Hay, “Bragg,” 280–82; Haughton, Training, 86–88; Daniel, Soldiering, 109–11. For analysis of Bragg’s options and his relationship to Kirby Smith, see Connelly, Heartland, 187–224; McDonough, War in Kentucky, 71–85; and Noe, Perryville, 25–41.
10. McWhiney, Bragg, 281–321; Seitz, Bragg, 168–97; Martin, Bragg, 167–203; Hess, Bragg, 59–73; Hay, “Bragg,” 282–90; OR 16(1):1087–97. Although occasionally overdrawn in its criticisms of Bragg, Connelly, Heartland, 224–70, is the best analysis of the events of the Kentucky Campaign from the Confederate perspective. For a more positive view of Bragg’s performance in Kentucky, see Hewitt, “Braxton Bragg.”
11. McWhiney, Bragg, 321–36; Seitz, Bragg, 197–207; Martin, Bragg, 203–15; Hess, Bragg, 74–92; Hay, “Bragg,” 290–91, 294; Braxton Bragg to Elise Bragg, 18 September 1862, Bragg Papers, MHM; OR 16(1):1088; OR 17(2):680; Hughes, Hardee, 133–35; Parks, Smith, 242–45; Parks, Polk, 279–80; Polk, Polk, 2:158; Liddell, Record, 97–98; Davis, Davis, 473–74.
12. McWhiney, Bragg, 337–46; Seitz, Bragg, 207–38; Martin, Bragg, 215–19; Hess, Bragg, 78; Hay, “Bragg,” 291–92; Woodworth, Davis and His Generals, 184–87; Parks, Smith, 247–50; Symonds, Johnston, 182–93; OR 20(2):384–85, 411–12; Davis, Davis, 475, 481–84; Connelly, Autumn, 3–43; OR 15:166, 171–72.
13. McWhiney, Bragg, 347–79; Seitz, Bragg, 239–76; Martin, Bragg, 220–50; Hess, Bragg, 93–112; Hay, “Bragg,” 293–97; OR 20(1):663–72, 682–84, 698–702; OR 52:407; Parks, Polk, 293–95; Hughes, Hardee, 147–49; Davis, Breckinridge, 331–49; Symonds, Stonewall of the West, 116–18; Woodworth, Davis and His Generals, 186–96; Connelly, Autumn, 44–77. For modern accounts of the Battle of Stones River, see McDonough, Stones River; Cozzens, No Better Place; and both volumes of Smith, Stones River.
14. McWhiney, Bragg, 380–88; Seitz, Bragg, 276–302; Martin, Bragg, 250–58; Hess, Bragg, 113–33; Hay, “Bragg,” 297–303; OR 16(1):1097–107; OR 23(2):613–14, 624, 626–27, 632–33, 640–41, 652–54, 658–59, 674, 684, 698, 708, 745, 757–61; Kean, Confederate Government, 42; Woodworth, Davis and His Generals, 196–99; Davis, Davis, 491–98; Connelly, Autumn, 77–92; Johnston, Narrative, 161–64; Symonds, Johnston, 196–201; Hughes, Hardee, 150; Parks, Polk, 300–302. For a spirited but not altogether convincing defense of Breckinridge, see Davis, Breckinridge, 349–62. Davis admits that one of Breckinridge’s staff officers, Theodore O’Hara, had played a role in instigating the controversy by feeding false information to a Chattanooga newspaper.
15. McWhiney, Bragg, 388; Hallock, Bragg, 7–22; Seitz, Bragg, 303–12; Martin, Bragg, 257–67; Hess, Bragg, 133–52; Davis, Davis, 495–99; OR 23(1):618–27; OR 23(2):745, 826, 830, 841, 849; Beers, Memories, 88–89; Woodworth, Davis and His Generals, 198–99, 222–28; Connelly, Autumn, 93–134; Parks, Polk, 302–16; Hughes, Hardee, 150–57; Woodworth, “Tullahoma Campaign,” 157–82. For detailed analysis of operations in the Tullahoma Campaign, see Bradley, Tullahoma; Brewer, “Tullahoma Campaign”; and Morris, “Forgotten Decisiveness.”
16. Fremantle, Diary, 115; Welsh, Medical Histories, Confederate, 23; Hallock, Bragg, 3–6; OR 23(1):623; OR 52(2):499; Johnston, Life of Johnston, 544–48; OR 23(2):652, 656–57; S. H. Stout, “Reminiscences of General Braxton Bragg,” Bragg Papers, WRHS; Taylor, Destruction, 100; Bunch, Military Justice, 89, 101–2. Just before the Battle of Stones River, Bragg told St. John Liddell, “General, I have no children. Hence, I look upon the soldiers of my army as my own—as my children.” Liddell, Record, 106.
17. McWhiney, Bragg, 216–18, 254–55, 334, 342; Seitz, Bragg, 206–7; Connelly, Autumn, 21, 70–73; Woodworth, Davis and His Generals, 5–6, 94, 106–7, 162–66; Davis, Breckinridge, 328; Johnston, Life of Johnston, 544–48; S. H. Stout, “Reminiscences of General Braxton Bragg,” Bragg Papers, WRHS; OR 23(1):623. While he often differed with Bragg, St. John Liddell, in speaking of the discord within the general officer corps of the Army of Tennessee, commented, “He was not popular with his generals; hence, I feared that zealous cooperation on their part was wanting. If he had caused one or two of us to be shot, I firmly believe the balance would have done better.” Liddell, Record, 113–14.
18. Warner, Generals in Gray, 203–4; Davis and Hoffman, Confederate General, 4:126–27; Eicher and Eicher, High Commands, 359; Cullum, Register, 1:667–68; Daniel and Bock, Island No. 10, 114–41, 147; OR 8:807–9; OR 52(2):499; Johnson, “Confederate Staff Work,” 61–63; Gow, “Chiefs of Staff,” 347–57; Gow, “Military Administration” (dissertation), 52–55.
19. Heitman, Historical Register, 1:581; Jordan, NC Troops, 4:127; Joseph P. Jones CSR, NARA; David Urquhart CSR, NARA; OR 23(1):621; OR 52(2):745–46; Urquhart, “Bragg’s Advance,” in Battles and Leaders, 3:608n; Statement of Urquhart, 29 June 1863, Bragg Papers, WRHS; Towson Ellis CSR, NARA; Hughes, Yale’s Confederates, 68; McWhiney, Bragg, 183; Francis S. Parker Jr., CSR, NARA; J. Stoddard Johnston CSR, NARA; Davis, Breckinridge, 361–62; Elliott, Harris, 147–48; OR 20(1):671; Hughes, Pride, 14n.
20. OR 23(2):824–25, 933; Gow, “Military Administration” (dissertation), 53–54, 56–57, 160; Goode, Virginia Cousins, 239; George William Brent CSR, NARA; Kinloch Falconer CSR, NARA; Nelson, Nation’s Agony, 200; “Maj Kinloch Falconer,” http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=11526454 (22 October 2011).
21. William K. Beard CSR, Andrew J. Hays CSR, William Clare CSR, Pollok B. Lee CSR, P. H. Thomson CSR, James Cooper CSR, and George W. Carr CSR, all in NARA; Gow, “Military Administration” (dissertation), 169–80. Major Lee’s given name is generally listed as “Pollock,” but he signed documents as “Pollok B. Lee.” Maj. Gustavus A. Henry Jr. and Capt. William A. Reid are listed by June Gow as working in Beard’s office during this period, but they did not join until after the Battle of Chickamauga, by which time Thomson had departed. Gustavus A. Henry Jr., CSR, William A. Reid CSR, P. H. Thomson CSR, all in NARA.
22. Lawrence W. O’Bannon CSR, Matthew B. McMicken CSR, John W. Green CSR, Albert J. Smith CSR, Giles M. Hillyer CSR, William H. Ross CSR, all in NARA; OR 23(1):584; OR 23(2):680, 688–89, 700, 764–65, 769–73, 854, 858; OR 51(2):738; Goff, Confederate Supply, 151–52.
23. “Death of a Polish Refugee,” New York Times, 25 August 1878; Buck, Cleburne, 204–5; Dawson, Reminiscences, 104–5; Hypolite Oladowski CSR, Octavius T. Gibbes CSR, William D. Humphries CSR, William H. Warren CSR, B. Frank Nichol CSR, Bradford Nichol CSR, all in NARA; OR 23(2):762–63; OR 30(4):495; Cullum, Register, 2:701; James H. Hallonquist CSR, and R. H. Smith Thompson CSR, both in NARA; Daniel, Cannoneers, 78–79.
24. Edward A. Flewellen CSR, Samuel H. Stout CSR, Tobias G. Richardson CSR, and Lewis T. Pim CSR, all in NARA; OR 20(2):461; OR 23(2):933; Schroeder-Lein, Confederate Hospitals, 25–68, 189–90, 193; Cunningham, Doctors in Gray, 55–57; Rubenstein, “Medical Support,” 27–29.
25. Alexander McKinstry CSR, James Strawbridge CSR, Charles W. Peden CSR, William A. Reid CSR, Harvey W. Walter CSR, John B. Sale CSR, all in NARA; Owen, History of Alabama, 4:1125–26; Rowland, Encyclopedia of Mississippi, 2:894–95; Salling, Louisianians, 81–83, 158; Bragg, “Postwar Letter,” 75–79; “Mem. a/c Amount paid by Col. McKinstry, 8–15 September 1863,” “Recd. of Capt. Reid Asst Pro Mar Genl Twenty dollars a/c Secret service, Samuel Gilliam, 4 October 1863,” H. W. Walter to Braxton Bragg, 7 October 1863, all in Bragg Papers, WRHS; Andrews, South Reports, 339, 348; OR 23(2):824–25, 885, 860, 933; Radley, Watchdog, 6, 200–217.
26. Stephen W. Presstman CSR, Andrew H. Buchanan CSR, James K. P. McFall CSR, Henry C. Force CSR, James Nocquet CSR, John M. Wampler, CSR, James D. Thomas CSR, George B. Pickett CSR, G. W. Maxson CSR, all in NARA; Kundahl, Confederate Engineer, 185–87, 190–200, 218–20, 263–66.
27. Salling, Louisianians, 158; OR 23(2):958; Bergeron, Louisiana Confederate Military Units, 69–71, 176; William W. Mackall CSR, William K. Beard CSR, Matthew B. McMicken CSR, Hypolite Oladowski CSR, James H. Hallonquist CSR, Harvey W. Walter CSR, all in NARA; Martin, Bragg, 465; S. H. Stout, “Reminiscences of General Braxton Bragg,” Bragg Papers, WRHS; Johnson, “Confederate Staff Work,” 131–36; Gow, “Military Administration” (article), 191–94.
28. OR 23(1):586; OR 23(2):945–46; Daniel, Cannoneers, 92–93.
29. Robins, Bishop, 10–145; Parks, Polk, 21–170; Polk, Polk, 1:320–22; Davis, Davis, 28, 343, 346; Cullum, Register, 1:391; OR 52(2):115.
30. OR 52(2):115; Robins, Bishop, 151–68; Parks, Polk, 171–240; Polk, Polk, 2:67; OR 4:513–14, 522, 539; OR 7:746–47.
31. Braxton Bragg to Elise Bragg, 23 March 1862, Bragg Papers, MHM; OR 10(2):338–41; OR 17(2):336, 628; Martin, Bragg, 117–18; Parks, Polk, 14, 54, 279–81; “Finding Aid for the John Devereux Papers, 1712–1892,” http://www.archives.ncdcr.gov/ead/eadxml/pc_devereux_john.xml (9 November 2011); McWhiney, Bragg, 328–29; Connelly, Autumn, 19–23; Woodworth, Davis and His Generals, 156–58, 162. Bragg, apparently referring to Polk just before the Kentucky Campaign, spoke of a senior officer as “an old woman, utterly worthless.” Taylor, Destruction, 100.
32. OR 16(1):1097–107; OR 20(1):698–704; OR 23(2):632, 729–30; Parks, Polk, 299–302; Robins, Bishop, 174–79; Connelly, Autumn, 21, 87–91; Woodworth, Davis and His Generals, 29–30, 222; Taylor, Destruction, 100; Braxton Bragg to Elise Bragg, 23 March 1862, Bragg Papers, MHM; Fremantle, Diary, 111–16; Liddell, Record, 100–101; OR 23(1):585. According to St. John Liddell, Polk “possessed all the requisites of a great soldier, except strategy and tactical combination.”
33. Losson, Forgotten Warriors, 5–97; Johnson, “Benjamin Franklin Cheatham”; OR 17(2):628, 673; OR 23(2):624, 957; Liddell, Record, 119; Braxton Bragg to Maj. E. T. Sykes, 8 February 1873, J. F. H. Claiborne Papers, UNC; Elliott, Harris, 133–34; McWhiney, Bragg, 353–54n, 374; Connelly, Autumn, 84–85; Woodworth, Davis and His Generals, 189–91; Davis and Hoffman, Confederate General, 1:174–81.
34. OR 23(2):941, 957–58; Davis and Hoffman, Confederate General, 4:150–51, 5:182–83, 6:14–17, 164–65; Warner, Generals in Gray, 210, 283–84, 295–96, 346–47; Eicher and Eicher, High Commands, 362, 498, 515, 583–84; Welsh, Medical Histories, Confederate, 201, 240; Elliott, Harris, 134–35; Wright, Diary, 1–8; Warner, “George Earl Maney,” 130–32; Cummings, “Otho French Strahl,” 341–50.
35. Jones M. Withers, CSR, NARA; OR 23(2):720, 925, 957; Davis and Hoffman, Confederate General, 6:154–55; Warner, Generals in Gray, 342–43; Eicher and Eicher, High Commands, 577–78; Welsh, Medical Histories, Confederate, 238–39; McWhiney, Bragg, 381; Manigault, Carolinian, 78.
36. “Sketch of General Anderson’s Life,” James Patton Anderson Papers, UNC; Raab, Anderson, 5–81; Owen, History of Alabama, 3:475; Manigault, Carolinian, 3–76; Davis and Hoffman, Confederate General, 1:22–25, 2:60–63, 4:152–53, 6:104–7; Warner, Generals in Gray, 7–8, 70–71, 210–11, 325–26; Eicher and Eicher, High Commands, 104, 205, 362–63, 552; Welsh, Medical Histories, Confederate, 7–8, 53, 153, 228; “Gen. E. C. Walthall,” 305.
37. Cullum, Register, 1:717–18; Hughes, Hardee, 3–98; Davis and Hoffman, Confederate General, 3:58–61; Warner, Generals in Gray, 124–25; Eicher and Eicher, High Commands, 278–79; Welsh, Medical Histories, Confederate, 93; Woodworth, Davis and His Generals, 162–65; OR 23(1):586.
38. Hughes, Hardee, 25–30; Martin, Bragg, 41; McWhiney, Bragg, 328–29, 375; OR 16(1):1097–98, 1101–3; OR 17(2):627–28; OR 20(1):623; OR 52(2):407; Connelly, Autumn, 21–22, 90–91; Woodworth, Davis and His Generals, 156–58, 165–66, 195, 199, 222. According to Bragg in January, “There is no man here to command an army. The one who aspires to it is a good drill-master, but no more, except that he is gallant. He has no ability to organize and supply an army, and no confidence in himself when approached by an enemy.”
39. Davis and Hoffman, Confederate General, 1:198–201; Warner, Generals in Gray, 53–54; Eicher and Eicher, High Commands, 176; Welsh, Medical Histories, Confederate, 40–41; Liddell, Record, 103, 122–23; Nash, Biographical Sketches, 7–73; Buck, Cleburne, 78–79; Purdue and Purdue, Cleburne, 1–119; Symonds, Stonewall of the West, 9–133; Joslyn, Meteor, 53–64; OR 23(2):957. Further evidence of Cleburne’s eccentric nature can be found in Drake, Annals, 241–49.
40. Davis and Hoffman, Confederate General, 1:186–87, 4:74–75, 5:48–49, 6:158–59; Warner, Generals in Gray, 49–50, 187–88, 243–44, 344–45; Eicher and Eicher, High Commands, 172–73, 348, 433, 579; Welsh, Medical Histories, Confederate, 37–38, 140, 175, 239–40; OR 6:820; OR 10(2):606–7; S. A. M. Wood, CSR, NARA; Owen, History of Alabama, 4:1799–1800; Liddell, Record, 11–125; Robert D. Meade to Frank L. Polk, 4 March 1931, Leonidas Polk Papers (microfilm ed.), UNC.
41. Cullum, Register, 2:124; Davis and Hoffman, Confederate General, 6:10–11; Warner, Generals in Gray, 293–94; Eicher and Eicher, High Commands, 511; Elliott, Soldier of Tennessee, 1–98; Wingfield, Stewart, 9–41; OR 16(1):1104–5; OR 23(2):957.
42. Davis and Hoffman, Confederate General, 1:70–73, 130–33, 196–97, 3:180–85; Warner, Generals in Gray, 19–20, 35–36, 52–53, 157–58; Eicher and Eicher, High Commands, 121, 146–47, 196–97, 320; Welsh, Medical Histories, Confederate, 15–16, 29, 40; Cullum, Register, 2:47–48; Cummings, Yankee Quaker, 15–248; Morris, “Eastern Ohio Quaker,” 52–55; Jordan, “Military Career of Henry D. Clayton,” 127–30; “Gen. William B. Bate,” 336–37; Kelly, “Back in the Saddle,” 27–29.
43. Cullum, Register, 2:730–31; Davis and Hoffman, Confederate General, 6:124–29; Warner, Generals in Gray, 332–33; Eicher and Eicher, High Commands, 563; Welsh, Medical Histories, Confederate, 232; Longacre, Soldier, 1–108; Dyer, Wheeler, 1–107; Powell, Failure, xx–xxiii, 2–7; OR 23(1):586.
44. Davis and Hoffman, Confederate General, 3:70–71, 6:122–23; Warner, Generals in Gray, 127, 331–32; Eicher and Eicher, High Commands, 190, 283, 562–63; Welsh, Medical Histories, Confederate, 95, 231–32; Allardice, More Generals, 66–67; Charles C. Crews, CSR, NARA; Powell, Failure, xxx–xxxi; Longacre, Soldier, 53, 92, 128; “Thomas Harrison,” http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fhaaf (23 November 2011).
45. Davis and Hoffman, Confederate General, 4:162–63; Warner, Generals in Gray, 214–15; Eicher and Eicher, High Commands, 366, 599, 609; Allardice, More Generals, 111–13, 204–5; James Hagan, CSR, and Alfred A. Russell, CSR, NARA; Heitman, Historical Register, 1:485–86; Powell, Failure, xxvii–xxviii, xxxii–xxxiii.
46. Davis and Hoffman, Confederate General, 2:138–45; Warner, Generals in Gray, 92–93; Eicher and Eicher, High Commands, 240; Welsh, Medical Histories, Confederate, 70–72; Steiner, Medical-Military Portraits, 297–337; Morton, Artillery, 11–17; Weller, “Nathan Bedford Forrest”; Powell, Failure, xviii–xx; OR 23(1):586; Daniel, Cannoneers, 92. Biographies of Forrest are numerous. Useful older studies are Wyeth, Forrest; and Jordan and Pryor, Campaigns of Forrest. The best modern biographies are Hurst, Forrest; and Wills, Battle from the Start.
47. Davis and Hoffman, Confederate General, 1:42–45, 2:68–69; Warner, Generals in Gray, 12–13, 72–73; Eicher and Eicher, High Commands, 107–8, 209; Heitman, Historical Register, 1:169; Powell, Failure, xxiii–xxiv, xxxiii–xxxiv; Daniel, Cannoneers, 92.
48. Davis and Hoffman, Confederate General, 2:66–67, 5:100–101; Warner, Generals in Gray, 71–72, 260–61; Eicher and Eicher, High Commands, 594, 609; Cullum, Register, 2:579–80; Daniel, Cannoneers, 79–80, 88–92; OR 23(1):586; OR 23(2):944.
49. Davis and Hoffman, Confederate General, 3:148–49, 5:104–5; Warner, Generals in Gray, 150–51, 262; Eicher and Eicher, High Commands, 315–16, 458; Brown, “Unlucky in Command,” 5–18; Smith, Stones River (Army of Tennessee), 332–37; George W. Lee, CSR, NARA; OR 20(2):489; OR 23(1):586; OR 23(2):615, 620, 656–57, 728.
50. OR 23(2):941–45; Hypolite Oladowski to Moses H. Wright, 13 August 1863, Letters Sent, Ordnance Office, Army of Tennessee, NARA.
1. OR 23(1):626–27; OR 23(2):899–900; Manigault, Carolinian, 76; Fraser Diary, 5 July 1863, CCNMP; SOR 45:81, 92, 153; SOR 78:609; SOR, 79:394, 426, 559, 562, 565; Smith Diary, 5 July 1863, CCNMP; Sparkman Diary, 5 July 1863, BPL; Daniel Diary, 5 July 1863, SRNB; Talbert Holt Letter, undated, Partin Papers, AU; Moore Diary, 5 July 1863, UDC Collection, and Dowda Diary, 5 July 1863, GDAH; Corbitt Diary, 5 July 1863, EU; Jordan and Pryor, Campaigns of Forrest, 293; SOR 17:307, 323; SOR 13:909, 912–14, 916.
2. OR 23(1):626–27; OR 23(2):899–901; SOR 78:609; SOR 79:394, 471; Brown Notebook, CCNMP; Magee Diary, 5 July 1863, DU; Moorman, “Moorman Memorandum,” 75.
3. Kundahl, Confederate Engineer, 228; Sparkman Diary, 5 July 1863, BPL; SOR 79:426; Coleman Diary, 5 July 1863, UNC; Armstrong Diary, 5 July 1863, ADAH; Dillon Diary, 5 July 1863, TSLA; Talbert Holt Letter, undated, Partin Papers, AU; Moore Diary, 5 July 1863, UDC Collection, GDAH; Johnson Diary, 5 July 1863, NARA; SOR 17:307, 323; SOR 13:909, 911–14, 916; SOR 79:559, 562, 565, 570, 576, 579; Dowda Diary, 5 July 1863, GDAH; Bunting, Letters, 172; Macmurphy Diary, 5 July 1863, http://www.terrystexasrangers.org/diaries/macmurphygl/index.html; Cowles, OR Atlas, Plate 112.1; Prince, N., C.& St. L., 6; Macon (Ga.) Telegraph, 10 July 1863; Alex Morgan to his wife, 20 July 1863, Morgan Letters, BU; OR 23(2):907. Modern engineering studies indicate that the longer of the two Bridgeport bridges was 1,470 feet in length, not the 1,232 feet described in the OR Atlas. See Rick Garro and Hal Lewis, “CSX Bridge 122.6 over Tennessee River Slough near Bridgeport, Alabama,” http://www.arema.org/files/library/1999_Conference_Proceedings/00012.pdf.
4. OR 23(1):627; SOR 45:77, 133, 164, 183, 714; SOR 46:95, 179, 289; SOR 13:164; Fraser Diary, 6 July 1863, CCNMP; Manigault, Carolinian, 76; C. Irvine Walker to Ada Sinclair, 8 July 1863, Regimental Papers, WRHS; Moorman, “Moorman Memorandum,” 75–76; SOR 77:144; Freeman Diary, 6 July 1863, TSLA; SOR 78:609; SOR 79:405, 471; OR 23(2):901–2; Magee Diary, 6 July 1863, DU.
5. Coleman Diary, 6 July 1863, UNC; Smith Diary, 6 July 1863, CCNMP; Armstrong Diary, 6 July 1863, ADAH; Williamson, Forty-Fifth Mississippi, 119; SOR 46:68–69; SOR 80:81; Daniel Diary, 6 July 1863, SRNB; SOR 14:543; Dillon Diary, 6 July 1863, TSLA; Talbert Holt letter, undated, Partin Papers, AU; Moore Diary, 6 July 1863, UDC Collection, GDAH; Johnson Diary, 6 July 1863, NARA; SOR 78:714, 787; SOR 79:34, 67; Collins, Chapters, 139–42; Heartsill, Fourteen Hundred, 137–38; OR 23(2):901–2.
6. Dowda Diary, 6 July 1863, GDAH; Bunting, Letters, 172–73; Dodd, Diary, 20–21; Macmurphy Diary, 6 July 1863, http://www.terrystexasrangers.org/diaries/macmurphy_gl/index.html; Corbitt Diary, 6 July 1863, EU.
7. Hoobler, Cities under the Gun, 115; Armstrong, Hamilton County, 2:17; Clifton, Chattanooga, 132; McAdory Memorandum, ADAH; SOR 76:804, 814; SOR 77:142, 147; Freeman Diary, 7 July 1863, TSLA; Moorman, “Moorman Memorandum,” 76; OR 23(1):627; SOR 78:550, 609, 701; SOR 79:9, 195, 265, 394, 402, 426; Worsham, Old Nineteenth, 82; Magee Diary, 7 July 1863, DU; Coleman Diary, 7 July 1863, UNC; Daniel Diary, 7–9 July 1863, SRNB; Moore Diary, 7 July 1863, UDC Collection, GDAH; Estes Diary, 9 July 1863, MC; Heartsill, Fourteen Hundred, 138; Armstrong Diary, 7–9 July 1863, ADAH; Smith Diary, 7 July 1863, CCNMP; Seaton, Bugle, 36; Corbitt Diary, 7 July 1863, EU; Audley Anderson to Margaret Anderson, 8 July 1863, NC; Macmurphy Diary, 7 July 1863, http://www.terrystexasrangers.org/diaries/macmurphy_gl/index.html; Lindsley, Annals, 2:692.
8. For a comprehensive description of the terrain around Chattanooga, see Connelly, Autumn, 139–46. For the Cowan tunnel, see Prince, N., C. & St. L., 6; and Arbuckle, Cowan Pusher, 22, 74–75.
9. Connelly, Autumn, 142–44.
10. Govan and Livingood, Chattanooga Country, 133–36, 149–53; Prince, N., C. & St. L., 6–8, 32–33; Schult, N., C. & St. L., 4–13; Robertson, “Rails to the River of Death,” 50–52; Goff, Confederate Supply, 32; Vandiver, Ploughshares, 201; OR, Series IV, 3:990.
11. OR 23(2):902, 904–5, 907; Alex Morgan to his wife, 9 July 1863, Morgan Letters, BU; Purdue and Purdue, Cleburne, 203–4; Williamson, Forty-Fifth Mississippi, 119; SOR 13:639; Armstrong Diary, 12 July 1863, ADAH; Johnson Diary, 9 July 1863, Johnson Papers, NARA; Order and Letter Book, Hardee’s Corps, MC.
12. OR 23(2):904, 914, 923, 925–26; Longacre, Soldier, 108–9; Macmurphy Diary, 12–14 July 1863, http://www.terrystexasrangers.org/diaries/macmurphy_gl/index.html; Corbitt Diary, 12–14 July 1863, EU; Dodd, Diary, 21; Patton Anderson to Thomas Jack, 16 July 1863, in P. H. Rice (Third Confederate Cavalry), CSR, NARA; Miller, “History of the Eighth Confederate Cavalry, 1861–1865,” ADAH; William T. Presley to “Dearest Henrie,” 28 July 1863, Presley Letters, UND; Dodson, Campaigns, 99; “Tri-monthly Return of Cavalry Corps of the Army of Tennessee, Trenton, Ga., 10 July 1863,” private collection.
13. Jordan and Pryor, Campaigns of Forrest, 293–94; Dyer, Diary, 16; OR 23(1):847; Lindsley, Annals, 2:651, 657.
14. OR 1:451; OR 23(2):656, 910, 924. Voluminous correspondence regarding this case can be found in George W. Lee, CSR, NARA. The U.S. Federal Census of 1860 for Twiggs County, Georgia, lists George W. Lee, thirty-one, as an overseer.
15. OR 23(2):909–10, 918–19, 924–25, 930–31; OR 52(2):511–12; Moses H. Wright, CSR, and George W. Lee, CSR, both in NARA; Norman, Colonel Burton’s, 40, 97; Sykes, Walthall’s Brigade, 525; Freeman Diary, 26 July 1863, TSLA; SOR 45:714, 784, 811, 829; SOR 46:95, 97; Kundahl, Confederate Engineer, 231–32.
16. OR 23(2):902, 904–5, 908–9; Kean, Confederate Government, 81, 83; Manuscript Notes (undated), Hill Papers, NCDAH; OR 24(1):201–13; Davis, Davis, 509–10; Polk, Polk, 2:228–29; Hughes, Hardee, 158.
17. Davis and Hoffman, Confederate General, 3:102–5; Warner, Generals in Gray, 136–37; Eicher and Eicher, High Commands, 296–97; Welsh, Medical Histories, Confederate, 100–101; Cullum, Register, 2:135; Bridges, Maverick General, 16–194.
18. Welsh, Medical Histories, Confederate, 100–101; Davis and Hoffman, Confederate General, 3:104; Kean, Confederate Government, 81; Hill, “Chickamauga,” in Battles and Leaders, 3:639.
19. Jones M. Withers, CSR, NARA; Bragg to Shorter, 18 July 1863, Bragg, Letters and Telegrams Sent, NARA; OR 23(2):912, 938; Neal and Kremm, Lion of the South, 33, 161–64; Symonds, Stonewall of the West, 36–41.
20. OR 24(1):202–7, 232; OR 23(2):843, 924; OR 20(2):495; Bragg to Buckner, 7 July 1863, Buckner Papers, HL.
21. OR 23(2):931, 934–35, 964; Connelly, Autumn, 157.
22. OR 52(2):508.
23. Johnston, Narrative, 211; OR 23(2):836–38, 920.
24. OR 23(2):932–33, 937–38.
25. Joshua K. Callaway to Dulcinea Callaway, 7 July 1863, Callaway Papers, UT; C. Irvine Walker to Ada Sinclair, 8 July 1863, Walker Letters, Regimental Papers, WRHS; D. L. Kelly to Miss S. J. Honnoll, 10 July 1863, Honnoll Family Papers, EU; Magee Diary, 9 July 1863, DU; J. P. Kendall to his parents, 12 July 1863, William D. Kendall Papers, HL; Joseph Branch O’Bryan to his sister, 9 [8] July 1863, O’Bryan Letters, TSLA; Batchelor and Turner, Batchelor-Turner Letters, 59; Bunting, Letters, 173. See also John R. Hurley to his sisters, 11 July 1863, Hurley Letters, VMI: “So I am afraid we will be whiped but the yankies cant whip us for they cant catch us. If they come down here I think we will run to Atlanta and then to Montgomery. I believe I had rather fight a little than run so mutch.”
26. Alex Morgan to his wife, 20 July 1863, Morgan Letters, BU; Bolling Hall Jr. to Bolling Hall Sr., 18 July 1863, Bolling Hall Family Papers, ADAH.
27. Roberts Diary, 7 July 1863, private collection; Nimrod W. E. Long to his wife, 13 July 1863, Long Papers, EU; John Crittenden to “Dear Bettie,” 21 July 1863, Crittenden Letters, UT; Thomas T. Bigbie to his parents, 16 July 1863, Bigbie Letters, AU; Bunting, Letters, 177; Heartsill, Fourteen Hundred, 139; John W. Sparkman Diary, 22 July 1863, BPL; Oldham Diary, 30 July 1863, CCNMP; Hubert Dent to his wife, 11 July 1863, Dent Collection, AU. See also Alex Morgan to his wife, 20 July 1863, Morgan Letters, BU.
28. Thomas Warrick to his wife, 26 July 1863, Warrick Papers, ADAH; Nimrod W. E. Long to his wife, 13 July 1863, Long Papers, EU; Roberts Diary, 20 and 23 July 1863, private collection; Heartsill, Fourteen Hundred, 140.
29. Jackson, So Mourns, 55–56; Thomas T. Bigbie to his parents, 16 July 1863, Bigbie Letters, AU; Heartsill, Fourteen Hundred, 139, 140; Turner, “Co. G, 6th Texas,” 162; John R. Hurley to his sisters, 7 July 1863, Hurley Letters, VMI; Roberts Diary, 25 July 1863, private collection; John Crittenden to “Dear Bettie,” 9 July 1863, Crittenden Letters, UT; William D. Cole to his wife, 17–18 July 1863, Cole Letters, Civil War Miscellaneous Collection, USAHEC; Oldham Diary, 16 July 1863, CCNMP.
30. Armstrong Diary, 18 July 1863, ADAH; Freeman Diary, 12 July 1863, TSLA; Heartsill, Fourteen Hundred, 140; Daniel Diary, 31 July 1863, Civil War Miscellaneous Collection, USAHEC; Sparkman Diary, 26 July 1863, BPL; James T. Searcy to “Dear Stella,” 28 July 1863, Searcy Letters, ADAH; J. P. Kendall to his parents, 12 July 1863, W. D. Kendall Papers, HL; J. W. Ward to his mother, 19 July 1863, CSA Records, UT; J. L. Bostick to his sister, 19 July 1863, Bostick Family Collection, TSLA; Jackson, So Mourns, 56; Manigault, Carolinian, 78; Hubert Dent to his wife, 11 July 1863, Dent Collection, AU; John Crittenden to “Dear Bettie,” 21 July 1863, Crittenden Letters, UT; William B. Honnoll to his sister, 16 July 1863, Honnoll Family Papers, EU; Callaway, Callaway Letters, xii, 116–21; James A. Hall to Bolling Hall Sr., 28 July 1863, Bolling Hall Family Papers, ADAH; Robert Lewis Bliss to his mother, 14 July 1863, Bliss Letters, ADAH; Thomas T. Bigbie to his wife, 15 July 1863, Bigbie Letters, AU; William G. Young to “N. D.,” 24 July 1863, Young Letters, HC; Simeon C. Wilkerson to his wife, 18 July 1863, Wilkerson Letters, NC; William T. Presley to “Dearest Henrie,” 30 July 1863, Presley Letters, UND.
31. S. M. Cherry, “Church Leader,” Chattanooga (Tenn.) Free Press, 21 September 1938, clipping in CPL; Daniel Diary, 16 July 1863, SRNB; James T. Searcy to “Dear Georgia,” 12 July 1863, and to “Dear Stella,” 17 July 1863, Searcy Letters, ADAH; Bunting, Letters, 178–82; Dodd, Diary, 21; John Crittenden to “Dear Bettie,” 21 July 1863, Crittenden Letters, UT; Joshua K. Callaway to Dulcinea Callaway, 19 July 1863, Callaway Papers, UT; Daniel C. Govan to James S. Fullerton, 22 May 1894, CCNMP; Fraser Diary, 24 July 1863, CCNMP; Talbert Holt to his sisters, 19 July 1863, Holt Letters, AU; Roberts Diary, 28 July 1863, private collection.
32. John Crittenden to “Dear Bettie,” 9 July 1863, Crittenden Letters, UT; Magee Diary, 9, 16, and 27 July 1863, DU; Archie McLaurin to his sister, 9 July 1863, McLaurin Letters, WHS; Davis Diary, 8 July 1863, TSLA; Freeman Diary, 21 July 1863, TSLA; James T. Searcy to his mother, 21 July 1863, and to “Dear Stella,” 26 July 1863, Searcy Letters, ADAH; Isaac Scherck to Oscar Stuart, 29 July 1863, Stuart and Family Papers, MDAH. For other indications of morale in the Army of Tennessee at this time, see Sparkman Diary, 9 July 1863, BPL; Dillon Diary, 10 July 1863, TSLA; Joshua K. Callaway to Dulcinea Callaway, 11 and 23 July 1863, Callaway Papers, UT; Pleasant B. Clark to Henry H. Wells, 11 July 1863, Wells Papers, UNC; Robert Lewis Bliss to his mother, 14 July 1863, Bliss Letters, ADAH; Roberts Diary, 19 July 1863, private collection; Jamison and McTigue, Letters and Recollections, 68–69.
33. OR 23(2):925, 933, 938; Gow, “Military Administration” (article), 191; Beers, Memories, 88; Hallock, Bragg, 34; Bragg to Cooper, 8 May 1863, in George W. Brent, CSR, NARA.
1. Garfield to Anderson, 4 July 1863, Thoms to Holdridge, 5 July 1863, Drouillard to Anderson, 5 July 1863, Garfield to Anderson, 5 July 1863, and Thompson to Anderson, 5 July 1863, all in DC, Telegrams Sent, NARA; Hoffman, “Brave Mechanics,” 149–51.
2. OR 23(1):582–83; McCullough Diary, 5–6 July 1863, ISL; Meredith Diary, 5–6 July 1863, Harrisburg Civil War Roundtable Collection, USAHEC; James M. Sligh to his mother, 7 July 1863, Sligh Family Papers, UM-B; Drouillard to Anderson, 6 July 1863, Thompson to Anderson, 6 July 1863, Goddard to Anderson, 6 July 1863, Garfield to Anderson, 6 July 1863, Drouillard to Morton, 6 July 1863 (two messages), Goddard to Morton, 6 July 1863, and Rosecrans to McCallum Bridge Co., 6 July 1863, all in DC, Telegrams Sent, NARA.
3. Jones Diary, 5–6 July 1863, SRNB; Everett F. Abbott to his mother, 5–7 July 1863, Chamberlain Papers, IHS; Christian Diary, 7 July 1863, CCNMP; Miller Journal, 7 July 1863, IHS; Barnes, Carnahan, and McCain, Eighty-Sixth Indiana, 144; Kempfer, Salem Light Guard, 119; Hinman, Sherman Brigade, 395; John M. Barnard to Margaret Barnard, 7 July 1863, Barnard Letters, IHS; Mosman, Rough Side, 63; Frank M. Phelps to his friends, 5 July 1863, Lewis Leigh Collection, Phelps Letters, USAHEC; Newlin, Seventy-Third Illinois, 187–88. For other accounts of a similar nature, see Johnston Diary, 6 July 1863, Johnston Collection, CHS; Ward Diary, 5 July 1863, Ward Papers, DP; Albertson, Letters Home, Letter 90; Marshall Diary, 5–6 July 1863, OHS; Price Diary, 6–7 July 1863, Civil War Miscellaneous Collection, USAHEC; Lyman S. Widney, National Tribune, 31 October 1901; Woodcock, Southern Boy, 174; Heg, Letters, 228; Kiene, Journal, 160; Kerwood, Fifty-Seventh Indiana, 194.
4. Connelly Diary, 6 July 1863, IHS; John M. Barnard to Margaret Barnard, 7 July 1863 (two letters) and 11 July 1863, Barnard Letters, IHS; Inskeep Diary, 6 July 1863, OHS; Newlin, Seventy-Third Illinois, 187; Caleb H. Carlton to his wife, 15 July 1863, Carlton Papers, LC; Busbey Diary, 17 July 1863, SRNB; Wright, Eighth Kentucky, 166; John C. Love to his parents, 13 July 1863, Love Letters, UM-B; Alanson R. Ryman to Jane Ryman, 7 July 1863, Ryman Letters, IHS; Reed Diary, 7–10 July 1863, CCNMP.
5. OR 23(2):518; Rosecrans to Stanton, 7 July 1863, Rosecrans to A. Johnson, 7 July 1863, and Goddard to Thomas, McCook, Stanley, G. Granger, Morton, and R. S. Granger, 7 July 1863, all in DC, Telegrams Sent, NARA; Rosecrans to Anna Rosecrans, 7 July 1863, Rosecrans Papers, UCLA.
6. Drouillard to Anderson, 7 July 1863 (two messages), Goddard to Anderson, 7 July 1863, Bond to Morton, 7 July 1863, Drouillard to Morton, 7 July 1863, Garfield to Stanley, 7 July 1863, Bond to Anderson, 8 July 1863, and Rosecrans to Anderson, 8 July 1863, all in DC, Telegrams Sent, NARA; Anderson to Garfield, 8 July 1863, DC, Telegrams Received, NARA; OR 23(2):522.
7. Travis Account, UM-C; James W. Sligh to his wife, 20 July 1863, Sligh Family Papers, UM-B; Goddard to Morton, 9 July 1863 (two messages), and McMichael to Morton, 9 July 1863, all in DC, Telegrams Sent, NARA. The timeline presented above differs from that offered in Hoffman, “Brave Mechanics,” 155, and is based upon the headquarters telegrams cited.
8. Smith Diary, 8–9 July 1863, CCNMP; Jones Diary, 9 July 1863, SRNB; Welk Diary, 9 July 1863, BGSU; Protsman Diary, 9 July 1863, WSU; Talbot Diary, 8–9 July 1863, SRNB; Moon Diary, 9 July 1863, KSHS; Beck Diary, 9 July 1863, KSHS; Garfield to Anderson, 2:30 P.M., 8 July 1863, Garfield to Stanley, 2:15 A.M., 9 July 1863, Garfield to McCook, 9 July 1863, Bond to Anderson, 2:30 P.M., 9 July 1863, Drouillard to Anderson, 9 July 1863, Garfield to Anderson, 9 July 1863, and Garfield to Crittenden, 2:30 P.M., 10 July 1863, all in DC, Telegrams Sent, NARA; Drouillard Diary, 9 July 1863, Rosecrans Papers, UCLA; Prince, N., C. & St. L., 26; Kundahl, Confederate Engineer, 208–11; White, Passenger Car, 581; Quartermaster’s Stores Transferred by Capt. W. F. Harris, Assistant Quartermaster U.S.A., Louisville, Ky., to J. B. Anderson, Genl. Manager of Military Railways, 1863, Anderson Family Papers, KSHS. For photographs of these cars, see Abdill, Civil War Railroads, 139, 162. Theories on the origin of the name “steam dummy” can be found in Bianculli, Trains and Technology, 1:169–71.
9. OR 23(1):582; XIV Corps Journal, Thomas Papers, NARA; Wilder to Rosecrans, 10 July 1863, Rosecrans Papers, UCLA; Mosman, Rough Side, 62; Pickering Diary, 9 July 1863, HL; Lytle, For Honor, 181; Morledge Diary, 10 July 1863, KMNMP; Crippin, “Diary,” 275; Connelly Diary, 9–10 July 1863, IHS; Smith, Samuel Thomas Smith, 76; Hinman, Sherman Brigade, 398; Woodcock, Southern Boy, 175; Moses F. Yoder to his brother, 10 July 1863, Yoder Papers, LC; Drouillard Diary, 11 July 1863, Rosecrans Papers, UCLA; Goddard to Atwater, 10 July 1863 (two messages), DC, Telegrams Sent, NARA; Stearns Diary, 10 July 1863, UM-B.
10. Garfield to Stanley, 7 July 1863, DC, Telegrams Sent, NARA; OR 23(2):526–28; Wilder to Rosecrans, 10 July 1863, and Rosecrans to Anna Rosecrans, 11 July 1863, both in Rosecrans Papers, UCLA; Wilder, General Orders, No. 15, 10 July 1863, Lilly Papers, LCA.
11. OR 23(2):519, 521–22, 524; Sheridan to Thruston, 4:30 P.M., 7 July 1863, Sheridan to McCook, 11 July 1863, and Sheridan to McCook, undated but 11 July 1863, all in DC, Letters Received, NARA; Garfield to McCook, 8 July 1863, DC, Telegrams Sent, NARA; Thruston to Sheridan, 8 July 1863, Moore to Lee, 9 July 1863, Thruston to Sheridan, 10 July 1863 (two messages), Moore to Lee, 11 July 1863, Conrad to Lee, 14 July 1863, and Bradley to Lee, 14 July 1863, all in Sheridan Papers, LC; Austin Diary, 9–14 July 1863, ALPL; Riley, Diary, 48–49; Tabler Diary, 9–14 July 1863, private collection; Crippin, “Diary,” 275; Burns Diary, 9–14 July 1863, CCNMP; Colburn/Gray Diary, 9–14 July 1863, private collection; SOR 22:168; SOR 24:35; OR 52(1):398; Newlin, Seventy-Third Illinois, 190–91; OR 23(1):824; Morledge Diary, 12 July 1863, KMNMP. Possibly named originally for a local family named Sweeten, the valley known as Sweeden’s Cove during the Civil War is now called Sweden Cove on modern maps.
12. Rosecrans to Anna Rosecrans, 12 and 14 July 1863, Bond to Innes, 12 July 1863, Rosecrans to Busch, 11:30 A.M., 14 July 1863, Rosecrans to Anderson, 11:30 P.M. [A.M.], 14 July 1863, Rosecrans to Granger, 14 July 1863, and Goddard to Smith, 14 July 1863, all in DC, Telegrams Sent, NARA; Decker Diary, 13 July 1863, WHS; James W. Sligh to his wife, 13 July 1863, James M. Sligh to his mother, 20 July 1863, and Sligh Diary, 12 July 1863, all in Sligh Family Papers, UM-B; Stearns Diary, 12 July 1863, UM-B; Rosecrans to Anna Rosecrans, 11 July 1863, and Drouillard Diary, 12–14 July 1863, both in Rosecrans Papers, UCLA; OR 23(2):531; W. A. Smith to his parents and sister, 15 July 1863, Smith Papers, UM-C; Brown Diary, 14 July 1863, ALPL; Williams, Extracts, 77.
13. Drouillard Diary, 14–17 July 1863, Rosecrans Papers, UCLA; Silverstone, Warships, 169, 178; Winans Diary, 16–17 July 1863, CCNMP; Hewes, Tenth Michigan, 43; Thrall to Goddard, 15 July 1863, and Thoms to Garfield, 16 July 1863, both in DC, Telegrams Sent, NARA; OR 52(1):413–14; Garfield, Wild Life, 288; Sanderson Journal, 17 July 1863, OHS.
14. Drouillard Diary, 18 July 1863, Rosecrans Papers, UCLA; Garfield to Innes, 5:30 P.M., 18 July 1863, Thompson to Innes, 8:30 P.M. and 8:45 P.M., 18 July 1863, Thrall to Goddard, 15 July 1863, Thoms to Garfield, 8:15 P.M., 15 July 1863, Garfield to Innes, 10:00 P.M., 15 July 1863, Thompson to Morton, 12 July 1863, and Thrall to Rosecrans, 18 July 1863, all in DC, Telegrams Sent, NARA; OR 23(1):826; James W. Sligh to his wife, 20 July 1863, and Sligh Diary, 13 and 18 July 1863, both in Sligh Family Papers, UM-B; Stearns Diary, 18 July 1863, UM-B; Meredith Diary, 18 July 1863, Harrisburg Civil War Roundtable Collection, USAHEC; Roseberry Diary, 18 July 1863, EU; Connolly, Three Years, 105, 108–11; Banta Diary, 13–18 July 1863, CCNMP; Kemper Diary, 13–18 July 1863, OHS; SOR 28:371; Baumgartner, Blue Lightning, 100.
15. Rosecrans to Sheridan, 9:45 P.M., 18 July 1863, and Rosecrans to McCook, 9:45 P.M., 18 July 1863, both in DC, Telegrams Sent, NARA; OR 23(2):542, 543; Rosecrans to Sheridan, 18 July 1863, Ray to Sheridan, 17 July 1863 and 18 July 1863, McCook to Sheridan, 18 July 1863, Rosecrans to McCook, 18 July 1863, and Thruston to Sheridan, 11:15 P.M., 18 July 1863, all in Sheridan Papers, LC. For an earlier interaction between Mrs. Schwartz and Twentieth Corps personnel, see Thruston to Sheridan, 13 July 1863, in Sheridan Papers, LC.
16. Tennesseans in the Civil War, 321; OR 30(1):228–33; Frank Shearer to his sister, 8 July 1863, Shearer Papers, OHS; “Summaries of the News,” NARA; OR 23(2):528. For a discussion of the various sources of information available to commanders, see Fishel, “Methodology of Intelligence,” 99–106.
17. “Summaries of the News,” 256–87, NARA.
18. Austin Diary, 9–12 July 1863, ALPL; Burns Diary, 9–12 July 1863, CCNMP; Tabler Diary, 9–12 July 1863, private collection; Riley, Diary, 48–49; Moore to Lee, 11 July 1863, and Ray to Sheridan, 11 July 1863, both in Sheridan Papers, LC; Sheridan to McCook (two messages), 11 July 1863, and Sheridan to Thruston, 11 July 1863, all in DC, Letters Received, NARA; OR 52(1):413–15; OR 23(1):824; Marcoot, Five Years, 31; Cooley Diary, 13 and 18–20 July 1863, WHS; Eugene Comstock to his parents, 21 July 1863, Comstock Papers, WHS; Henry Drake to his brother, 21 July 1863, Drake Letters, WHS; Pecoy Diary, 13–16 July 1863, CCNMP; Lamb Diary, 13–16 July 1863, CCNMP; Cummins Diary, 14–16 July 1863, Cummins Papers, ALPL; Newlin, Seventy-Third Illinois, 192–96; Thomas J. Frazee to his parents, 18 July 1863, Frazee Papers, ALPL; SOR 25:358; OR 23(2):543–44.
19. OR 52(1):415; Sheridan to Thruston, 5:30 P.M., 19 July 1863, DC, Letters Received, NARA; Bradley to Lee, 19 July 1863, Sheridan Papers, LC; Newlin, Seventy-Third Illinois, 195–96; OR 23(2):911, 914–16, 918, 923; Higdon Account, CCNMP; Anderson to Jack, 16 July 1863, in P. H. Rice, CSR, NARA; U.S. Federal Census, 1850 and 1860, Marion County, Tennessee.
20. Riley, Diary, 49; SOR 23:232, 248, 267, 371, 386; Burns Diary, 19–20 July 1863, CCNMP; Tabler Diary, 19–20 July 1863, private collection; Bradley to Sheridan, 20 July 1863, and Laibold to Lee, 21 July 1863, both in Sheridan Papers, LC; John Holden McBride to his mother, 20 July 1863, McBride Correspondence, NSHS; Newlin, Seventy-Third Illinois, 195–96; Thomas J. Frazee to his sister, 26 July 1863, Frazee Papers, ALPL; Prince, N., C. & St. L., 6; Woodall, Stevenson Story, 81, 99–116; Sheridan to Thruston, 5:30 P.M., 19 July 1863, DC, Letters Received, NARA.
21. Thompson to Crittenden, 16 July 1863, Garfield to Crittenden, 21 July 1863, and Garfield to McCook, 10:00 P.M., 19 July 1863, all in DC, Telegrams Sent, NARA; Eubank, Shadow of the Patriarch, 42; Kirwan, Crittenden, 472–73; Whalen and Whalen, Fighting McCooks, 212–14; Caleb Carlton to his wife, 17 July 1863, Carlton Papers, LC; Frank J. Jones to his father, 21 July 1863, Jones Papers, CIHS; OR 52(1):417; Thruston to Sheridan, 22 July 1863, Sheridan Papers, LC.
22. McMichael to Thomas and Crittenden, 8:30 P.M., 20 July 1863, McMichael to McCook, 10:50 P.M., 20 July 1863, Reynolds and Porter to Jones, 20 July 1863, McMichael to Garfield, 22 July 1863, Thoms to Bond, 22 July 1863, and Thoms to Garfield, 22 July 1863, all in DC, Telegrams Sent, NARA; “Mary Sharp College,” in Tennessee Historical Commission, Tennessee Historical Markers, 228; Henry M. Cist to his mother, 22 July 1863, Cist Family Papers, CIHS; Frankenberry Diary, 21 July 1863, WVU.
23. OR 23(1):542, 825; Thoms to Garfield, 9:30 P.M., 16 July 1863, DC, Telegrams Sent, NARA; Hempstead Diary, 13–21 July 1863, UM-B; Thomas Diary, 14–21 July 1863, Thomas Collection, UT; Kendall Diary, 13–21 July 1863, HL; Mendenhall Diary, 14–21 July 1863, IHS; Harris Diary, 13–15 July 1863, IHS; SOR 86:698, 712; Turchin, “Diary,” 49–51; Merrill, Diary, 39–41; Read Diary, 13–21 July 1863, KSHS; Persons Diary, 13–21 July 1863, WHS; Haines, “Fourth Michigan Cavalry,” UM-B; Curry, Four Years, 106; Prickitt, Company H, 94–95; Crane Diary, 20–21 July 1863, and Smith to Ruger, 27 April 1867, both in Ruger Correspondence, Thomas Papers, NARA; Crofts, Third Ohio Cavalry, 104–5; Lester Diary, 13–21 July 1863, ALPL; George Shuman to Fannie Shuman, 15 July 1863, Shuman Letters, Harrisburg Civil War Roundtable Collection, USAHEC; Carter, First Tennessee Cavalry, 79; Greenwood Diary, 13–21 July 1863, Knight Family Papers, UAK; Robert Burns to his brother, 16 July 1863, Burns Letters, MHS; George Kryder to his wife, 18 July 1863, Kryder Papers, BGSU; Pape-Findley, Fourth Ohio Cavalry, 152; OR 23(2):548–49; Stanley, Memoirs, 137, 151–52.
24. OR Series 3, 3:100–101; Cornish, Sable Arm, 111–19, 214; Rosecrans to Thomas, 12 July 1863, Goddard to Dickson, 12 July 1863, Goddard to Innes, 14 July 1863, Porter to Bakhaus, 15 July 1863, Thompson to Lyon, 18 July 1863, Thompson to Thrall, 10:00 P.M., 18 July 1863, Garfield to Young, 20 July 1863, Bond to Stanley, 22 July 1863, and Rosecrans to Thomas, 26 July 1863, all in DC, Telegrams Sent, NARA.
25. Garfield to Thoms, 8:15 P.M., 23 July 1863, and Rosecrans to Thomas, 23 July 1863, both in DC, Telegrams Sent, NARA; OR 23(2):550–52.
26. OR 23(2):552, 554–56; Rosecrans to Halleck, 25 July 1863, DC, Telegrams Sent, NARA. The copy of Rosecrans to Halleck arguing for delay is dated 24 July 1863 in DC, Telegrams Sent, NARA, but apparently was not sent until the following morning, as reported in OR 23(2):555.
27. Sanderson Journal, 21–30 July 1863, OHS; Bond to Thrall, 25 July 1863, and Rosecrans to Thomas, 26 July 1863, both in DC, Telegrams Sent, NARA; OR 23(2):559–60, 599–600. Lee, Kentuckian, 117, argues that the plan was Rosecrans’s idea, but John Sanderson’s account makes it clear that Rousseau was the originator of the scheme. Others in addition to Sanderson were also promised a place in Rousseau’s prospective new command. Hough, Soldier, 116–18.
28. Garfield, Wild Life, 220–21, 290–91; Smith, Garfield, 1:309–12. For a digest of comments in reaction to the publication of Garfield’s letter, see Indianapolis Journal, 10 March 1882; and National Tribune, 18 March 1882.
29. Sligh Diary, 22 and 24 July 1863, and James M. Sligh to his mother, 22 July 1863, both in Sligh Family Papers, UM-B; Stearns Diary, 22 July 1863, UM-B; Roseberry Diary, 22–27 July 1863, EU; Prince, N., C. & St. L., 31; Arbuckle and Shook, Mountain Goat, 2–10; OR 23(2):560, 564, 565; OR 52(1):419; Garfield to Thomas 28 July 1863, and Bond to Sheridan, 27 July 1863, both in DC, Telegrams Sent, NARA; John C. Love to his parents, 26 July 1863, Love Letters, UM-B. For a detailed description of the railroad between Cowan and Stevenson during this period, see Cincinnati Daily Commercial, 4 August 1863.
30. OR 23(1):827; Wisconsin State Journal, 15 August 1863; SOR 63:275; Decker Diary, 23–26 July 1863, WHS; Morgan and Murphy, Seventh Indiana Battery, 20–21; David Clark to his sister, 26 July 1863, Clark-Williams Family Letters, OHS; Van Cleve to Ruger, 24 May 1867, Thomas Papers, NARA; “Summaries of the News,” 294–96, NARA; OR 23(2):556–57, 564; Drouillard to Sheridan, 28 July 1863, DC, Telegrams Sent, NARA; Kundahl, Confederate Engineer, 265; Conrad Meister CSR, NARA. The possibility exists that “M. D. Thompson” was Michael D. Thompson, age twenty-five in 1863, a merchant living in Chattanooga in 1860, and who received permission from Federal occupation authorities to open a public bathhouse there in May 1865. U.S. Federal Census, 1860 and 1870, Hamilton County, Tennessee; Union Provost Marshals’ Files, NARA.
31. OR 23(2):556, 564, 933–34; OR 52(1):418; SOR 23:354, 371, 382, 387; Otto, Eleventh Indiana Battery, 32–33; Cooley Diary, 26–27 July 1863, WHS; Roberts Diary, 27 July 1863, private collection; SOR 45:168.
32. OR 23(2):564, 567; OR 52(1):420; Garfield to Sheridan, 28 July 1863, DC, Telegrams Sent, NARA; Fuller to Lee, 29 July 1863, Sheridan to Lytle, 29 July 1863, and Thruston to Lytle, 29 July 1863, all in Sheridan Papers, LC; Newlin, Seventy-Third Illinois, 198; Mauzy, Sixty-Eighth Indiana, 10; Floyd, Seventy-Fifth Indiana, 113; Miller Journal, 29 July 1863, IHS; “Second Years History,” Essington Papers, IHS; Tourgee, “Diary,” 116; SOR 67:121, 125, 130, 136, 152, 162; Morse, Diaries, 30; SOR 30:512, 528, 553; Hollingsworth Diary, 29 July 1863, IHS; Parker Diary, 29 July 1863, HL.
33. Christian Diary, 11 and 26 July 1863, CCNMP; Ward Diary, 11 and 13 July 1863, Ward Papers, DP; Millen Diary, 23 July 1863, SRNB; Hollingsworth Diary, 15 and 26 July 1863, IHS; Ward Diary, 18 and 27 July 1863, Booth Papers, OHS; John M. Barnard to Margaret Barnard, 25 July 1863, Barnard Letters, OHS; Lyon Diary, 12 and 28 July 1863, OHS; Howe Diary, 23 July 1863, IHS; Pickering Diary, 11–12 and 29 July 1863, HL; Carpenter Diary, 19 July 1863, SRNB; Mosman, Rough Side, 64; Inskeep Diary, 13 and 19 July 1863, OHS; Hinchberger Diary, 21–22 July 1863, CCNMP; Lucius Brown to his sister, 26 July 1863, Brown Letters, EU; Harden, Ninetieth Ohio, 85–86; Benedict Diary, 13 July 1863, SRNB; Shotts Diary, 25 July 1863, SRNB; Kiene, Journal, 162; Miller Journal, 23 July 1863, IHS; Bruce Diary, 10 and 29 July 1863, ISL; Johnston, Soldier Boy, 47–48; Taylor Diary, 26 July 1863, SRNB; Lamb Diary, 20 July 1863, CCNMP; Thomas C. Honnell to Eli Honnell, 26 July 1863, Honnell Letters, OHS.
34. Kiene, Journal, 162; Pecoy Diary, 23–24 and 26 July 1863, CCNMP; Lamb Diary, 26 July 1863, CCNMP; Bennett and Haigh, Thirty-Sixth Illinois, 442–43; Mulhane, Memorial of Rosecrans, 54; Ward Diary, 19 July 1863, Ward Papers, DP; Small Diary, 19 July 1863, IHS; Webster Diary, 26 July 1863, USAHEC; Morris, Eighty-First Indiana, 52; Hollingsworth Diary, 19 July 1863, IHS; Andrew, Letters, 62–63; Mosman, Rough Side, 65; Hines Diary, 12 July 1863, Hiram Hines Manuscript Collection, ISL; Connelly Diary, 12 and 26 July 1863, IHS; Walker Diary, 19 July 1863, Harrisburg Civil War Roundtable Collection, USAHEC; Hight, Fifty-Eighth Indiana, 153, 158; Howe Diary, 19 July 1863, IHS; Miller Journal, 26 July 1863, IHS.
35. Bruce Diary, 19 July 1863, ISL; Hough, Soldier, 118; Hollingsworth Diary, 13 July 1863, IHS; Galpin Diary, 25, 28–29 July 1863, Galpin Family Papers, WHS; Heg, Letters, 231; Busbey Diary, 13, 20–21, and 25 July 1863, SRNB; Opdycke Diary, 22 July 1863, Opdycke Papers, OHS; Patton Diary, 17 July 1863, CCNMP; Webster Diary, 21 and 28 July 1863, USAHEC; Wheeler Diary, 20–21 July 1863, OHS; Mosman, Rough Side, 64–65; Alfred Pirtle to his sister, 12 July 1863, Pirtle Letters, FHS; Butler, Letters Home, 76–79; Love Diary, 19 July 1863, Love Papers, MHM; Christian Diary, 28 July 1863, CCNMP; Taylor Diary, 17 July 1863, SRNB; Morse, Diaries, 30; Hines Diary, 18–19 July 1863, Hiram Hines Manuscript Collection, ISL; Marshall Diary, 17–18 July 1863, OHS; Walker Diary, 9 July 1863, Harrisburg Civil War Roundtable Collection, USAHEC; Benedict Diary, 27 July 1863, SRNB; Kiene, Journal, 161; Dean Diary, 15 July 1863, private collection; Harden, 90th Ohio, 85; Riley, Diary, 49–50; Cummins Diary, 16 July 1863, Cummins Papers, ALPL; Claggett Diary, 26 July 1863, CCNMP; Connelly Diary, 19 July 1863, IHS; Sligh Diary, 28 July 1863, Sligh Family Papers, UM-B.
36. Lytle, For Honor, 183; Cooley Diary, 14 July 1863, WHS; Billings D. Sibley to his father, 14 July 1863, Sibley Papers, MHS; Colyer Diary, 14 July 1863, ALPL; Smith, Samuel Thomas Smith, 77–78; Ward Diary, 22 July 1863, Ward Papers, DP; John Parkhurst to his sisters, 12 July 1863, Parkhurst Papers, UM-B; Dewees Diary, 17 July 1863, CCNMP; Phillips, Diary, 152–53; Josiah D. Cotton to his wife, 26 July 1863, Cotton Papers, LC; James E. Love to “Dearest Molly,” 25 July 1863, Love Papers, MHM; Hiram Strong to his wife, 15 July 1863, Strong Letters, CCNMP; Alanson R. Ryman to Jane Ryman, 15 July and 23 July 1863, Ryman Letters, IHS.
37. James S. Thomas to his sister, 10 July 1863, Thomas Letters, IHS; Ben Mabrey to Lou Mabrey, 11 July 1863, Mabrey Letters, IHS; James E. Love to “Dearest Molly,” 18 July 1863, Love Papers, MHM; John W. Switzer to his sister, 28 July 1863, Switzer Letter, IHS; George W. Dodd to his brother, 10 July 1863, Dodd Papers, ALPL; Hiram Strong to his wife, 15 July 1863, Strong Letters, CCNMP; Franklin B. Howard to his sister, 23 July 1863, Howard Letters, WHS; Connolly, Three Years, 107–8; Butler, Letters Home, 80–82; Clark Diary, 17 July 1863, Clark Papers, USAHEC; Bircher, Drummer-Boy, 67; Hough, Soldier, 111, 114–15; Undated newspaper clipping, Marsh Family Papers, ALPL; L. Dwight Hinkley to his father, 21 July 1863, Hinkley Papers, WHS; Ward Diary, 23 July 1863, Ward Papers, DP; Small Diary, 27 July 1863, IHS; Cooley Diary, 15 July 1863, WHS; Lyman S. Widney, National Tribune, 31 October 1901; Benedict Diary, 18 July 1863, SRNB; Opdycke Diary, 15 July 1863, Opdycke Papers, OHS; John W. Nesbitt to his parents and sisters, 21 July 1863, Nesbitt Letters, CCNMP; Thomas Prickett to “Dearest Matilda,” 12 July 1863, Prickett Letters, IHS; James M. Sligh to his mother, 14 July 1863, Sligh Family Papers, UM-B; John S. McGraw to his wife, 19 July 1863, McGraw Papers, ISL; William Forder to Sarah Forder, 19 July 1863, Forder Letters, IHS; Richards, Letters, 34–35; Howe Diary, 15–16 July 1863, IHS; Joshua D. Foster to his parents, 18 July 1863, Foster Letters, CCNMP.
38. Webster Diary, 17 July 1863, Civil War Miscellaneous Collection, USAHEC; Bircher, Drummer-Boy, 67; Albertson, Letters Home, Letters 93 and 95; Reed Diary, 17 July 1863, MHS; Dilworth Journal, 23 July 1863, HC; Hollingsworth Diary, 18 July 1863, IHS; Miller Journal, 18 July 1863, IHS; Lamb Diary, 27 July 1863, CCNMP; Heg, Letters, 232; Opdycke Diary, 21 and 24 July 1863, Opdycke Papers, OHS; Post Diary, 21–22 July 1863, Post Papers, KC; Himoe Diary, 22 July 1863, NAHA; John S. McGraw to his wife, 24 July 1863, McGraw letters, ISL; Bennett and Haigh, Thirty-Sixth Illinois, 443; Hight, Fifty-Eighth Indiana, 158; Marshall Diary, 27 July 1863, OHS; Dewees Diary, 26 July 1863, CCNMP; William Forder to his parents, 23 July 1863, Forder Letters, IHS; Robert J. Bates to his parents, 8 August 1863, Bates Letters, WHS; William W. Blair to his daughter, 18 July 1863, Blair Papers, IHS; Christian Diary, 22–23 July 1863, CCNMP; King, Three Years, 101–2; Connelly Diary, 23 July 1863, IHS. For a general account of morale in the Army of the Cumberland during this period, see Dalessandro, “Morale in the Army of the Cumberland.”
39. Kiene, Journal, 163; Mosman, Rough Side, 65–66; Thompson to Whitaker, 23 July 1863, DC, Telegrams Sent, NARA; Crippin, “Diary,” 276; Phillips Diary, 26 July 1863, Phillips Collection, HL; Botkin Diary, 28 July 1863, Baker Correspondence, OHS; Harden, 90th Ohio, 86; Morledge Diary, 26 July 1863, KMNMP; Austin Diary, 15 July 1863, ALPL; Tabler Diary, 15, 17, 20, and 23 July 1863, private collection; Burns Diary, 16–17, 20, and 23 July 1863, CCNMP; John L. McBride to his mother, 20 July 1863, McBride Correspondence, NSHS; Calkins, One Hundred and Fourth Illinois, 104; Kendall Diary, 12 July 1863, HL; Meredith Diary, 19 July 1863, Harrisburg Civil War Roundtable Collection, USAHEC.
40. Wheeler Diary, 6 July 1863, OHS; Barringer Diary, 14 July 1863, private collection; Tourgee, “Diary,” 113; Miller Journal, 22 July 1863, IHS; Pecoy Diary, 17 July 1863, CCNMP; Clark Diary, 16 July 1863, Clark Papers, USAHEC; Simmons, 84th Illinois, 63; Hight, Fifty-Eighth Indiana, 151, 154–56; Floyd, Seventy-Fifth Indiana, 113; Gates Diary, 20 and 25 July 1863, IHS; Hollingsworth Diary, 23 July 1863, IHS; Alanson R. Ryman to Jane Ryman, 27 July 1863, Ryman letters, IHS; Bruce Diary, 20 July 1863, ISL; Members, Battery M, First Illinois, 72; Partridge, Ninety-Sixth Illinois, 147; Wisconsin State Journal, 5 August 1863; Cummins Diary, 21 July 1863, Cummins Papers, ALPL; Lytle, For Honor, 187.
41. Tourgee, “Diary,” 114–15; Andrew, Letters, 63–64; Connelly Diary, 22 July 1863, IHS; Garfield to McMichael, 28 July 1863, Bond to Taylor, 26 July and 27 July 1863, and Rosecrans to Meigs, 27 July 1863, all in DC, Telegrams Sent, NARA; Taylor, “Supply,” 95, 122, 128–30; Drouillard Diary, 29 July 1863, Rosecrans Papers, UCLA; Robinson Diary, 29 July 1863, Robinson Papers, ALPL; Hinchberger Diary, 29 July 1863, CCNMP; Millen Diary, 29 July 1863, SRNB; Ward Diary, 29 July 1863, Ward papers, DP; Christian Diary, 30 July 1863, CCNMP; Shotts Diary, 29 July 1863, SRNB.
1. Drouillard Diary, 30 July 1863, Rosecrans Papers, UCLA; McCullough Diary, 30 July 1863, ISL; Sligh Diary, 30 July 1863, Sligh Family Papers, UM-B; Stearns Diary, 30 July 1863, UM-B; Clark Diary, 30 July 1863, Clark Papers, USAHEC; Bond to Anderson, 30 July 1863 (two messages), Thompson to Beggs, 30 July 1863 (two messages), Thompson to Custer, 30 July 1863 (two messages), Bond to Thomas, 30 July 1863, Bond to O’Connell, 30 July 1863, Bond to Morgan, 30 July 1863, and Garfield to Dickson, 30 July 1863, all in DC, Telegrams Sent, NARA.
2. Newlin, Seventy-Third Illinois, 195–200; David F. Lawler to his parents, 4 August 1863, Lawler Letter, private collection; SOR 48:351; SOR 23:354, 371, 382, 386–87; Cooley Diary, 26 July 1863, IHS; Otto, 11th Indiana Battery, 32–33; Fuller to Lee, 29 July 1863, Thruston to Lytle, 29 July 1863, Thruston to Bradley, 29 July 1863, Sheridan to Lytle, 29 July 1863, Bradley to Lee, 29 July 1863, and Lytle to Lee, 30 July 1863, all in Sheridan Papers, LC; OR 23(2):568; Miller Journal, 29 July 1863, IHS; XIV Corps Journal, Thomas Papers, NARA; OR 52(1):421, 424–25; SOR 22:659; SOR 25:371; Burns Diary, 30–31 July 1863, CCNMP; Tabler Diary, 30–31 July 1863, private collection; Riley, Diary, 50; Crippin, “Diary,” 277; Colburn/Gray Diary, 30–31 July 1863, private collection.
3. Thompson to Anderson, 6 P.M., 31 July 1863, and Rosecrans to Anderson, 31 July 1863, both in DC, Telegrams Sent, NARA; Stearns Diary, 31 July 1863, UM-B.
4. Drouillard to Beggs, 1 August 1863, DC, Telegrams Sent, NARA; Anderson to Rosecrans, 1 August 1863, QMG, USMRR, Letters Sent, NARA; OR 23(2):585–86; OR 52(1):427–28.
5. Garfield, Wild Life, 291; Drouillard to Beggs, 2 August 1863 (three messages), Thompson to Beggs, 2 August 1863 (two messages), Drouillard to O’Connell, 2 August 1863, Drouillard to Commanding Officer, Stevenson, 2 August 1863, Bond to Whitaker, 2 August 1863, and Garfield to Hunton, 2 August 1863, all in DC, Telegrams Sent, NARA.
6. Drouillard Diary, 3 August 1863, Rosecrans Papers, UCLA; Members, Battery M, First Illinois, 73; Robinson Diary, 3 August 1863, ALPL; Van Vleck, Leader, 145; Patton Diary, 2–3 August 1863, CCNMP; Imboden, Army of the Cumberland, 7; Royse, 115th Illinois, 80; Partridge, Ninety-Sixth Illinois, 147–48; Drouillard to Halleck, 3 August 1863, and Drouillard to Beggs, 3 August 1863, both in DC, Telegrams Sent, NARA; OR 23(2):590.
7. Drouillard to Beggs, 3 August 1863, DC, Telegrams Sent, NARA; Anderson to Rosecrans, 4 August 1863 (two messages), QMG, USMRR, Letters Sent (Anderson), NARA; OR 23(2):592; Frankenberry Diary, 4 August 1863, WVU.
8. For Rosecrans’s perspective, see Boynton, Chattanooga Letters, 9–10; and Boynton, “Chickamauga Campaign,” 327–29. For Stanton’s perspective, see Thomas and Hyman, Stanton, 276–83. For the New York Draft Riot crisis of July–August 1863, see Murdock, Patriotism Limited, 63–80; and Geary, We Need Men, 105–6.
9. Drouillard Diary, 4–5 August 1863, Rosecrans Papers, UCLA; Frank J. Jones to his father, 5 August 1863, Jones Papers, CIHS; Thompson to Beggs, 5 August 1863 (three messages), Thompson to Anderson, 5 August 1863, Thoms to Anderson, undated [5 August 1863], Garfield to Simmons, 5 August 1863, Drouillard to Beggs, 5 August 1863, all in DC, Telegrams Sent, NARA; Clark Diary, 5 August 1863, Clark Papers, USAHEC; Sligh Diary, 5 August 1863, Sligh Family Papers, UM-B; Stewart, 52nd O.V.I., 50–51; Mosman, Rough Side, 67; Shotts Diary, 5 August 1863, SRNB; Frankenberry Diary, 5 August 1863, WVU; OR 23(2):592. The passage of Tom (Rosecrans’s servant) and Rosecrans’s horses northward generated message traffic among quartermasters at Nashville, Louisville, and Cincinnati until their safe arrival on 7 August. Taylor, “Supply,” 116–17.
10. William S. Rosecrans, National Tribune, 25 March 1882; Rosecrans to McCook, 9 November 1879, Rosecrans Papers, UCLA; OR 23(2):594; Bond to Palmer, 6 August 1863, DC, Telegrams Sent, NARA. It is possible but unlikely that Maj. Gen. John Palmer, temporarily commanding the Twenty-First Corps, was present at the Winchester conference. Palmer’s headquarters was at Manchester, Tennessee, thirty miles from Winchester, while Thomas’s headquarters was at Decherd, two miles from Winchester, and McCook’s headquarters was in Winchester itself.
11. Frankenberry Diary, 6 August 1863, WVU; Stearns Diary, 1 August 1863, UM-B; Bond to Willett, 1 August 1863, Rosecrans to Lorenzo Thomas, 5 August 1863, Thrall to Gordon Granger, 5 August 1863, all in DC, Telegrams Sent, NARA; Charles F. Weller to “Kate,” 6 August 1863, Charles Weller Letters, Civil War Times Illustrated Collection, USAHEC; Kiene, Journal, 164; Puntenny, Thirty-Seventh Indiana, 43–44; Beatty, Citizen Soldier, 309, 312; James Thomas to his sister, 14 August 1863, James S. Thomas Letters, IHS; Sligh Diary, 3 and 5 August 1863, Sligh Family Papers, UM-B; Samuel S. Boyd, newspaper clipping, 10 September 1863, Boyd Family Papers, UCB; Cox, “Gone for a Soldier,” 64; Dyer, Compendium, 3:1726.
12. Albertson, Letters Home, Letter 97; Keegan, Diaries, 18–19; Phillips, Diary, 22; Brown Diary, 6 August 1863, ALPL; Josiah Dexter Cotton to his wife, 10 August 1863, Cotton Papers, LC; George B. Turner to his mother, 9 August 1863, Turner Papers, OHS; Mosman, Rough Side, 67; Society, Seventy-Fourth Illinois, Reunion Proceedings, 20; Patterson Diary, 6 August 1863, ALPL; Isaac P. Rule to his brother, 7 August 1863, Rule Letters, HPL; James G. Watson to [addressee unknown], 6 August 1863, Watson Letters, UI; Kiene, Journal, 164; Widney Diary, 6 August 1863, KMNMP; Hight, Fifty-Eighth Indiana, 164–65; Hines Diary, 6 August 1863, Hiram Hines Manuscript Collection, ISL; Kerwood, Fifty-Seventh Indiana, 196; Marshall Diary, 6 August 1863, OHS; Gillis Diary, 6 August 1863, OHS; Opdycke Diary, 6 August 1863, Opdycke Papers, OHS; Connelly Diary, 6 August 1863, IHS; History, Seventy-Ninth Indiana, 81; Howe Diary, 6 August 1863, IHS; Partridge, Ninety-Sixth Illinois, 148; Royse, 115th Illinois, 80–81; Robinson Diary, 6 August 1863, Robinson Papers, ALPL; Schwartz, Diary, 9; McAdams, Soldier Life, 35; Patton Diary, 6 August 1863, CCNMP.
13. Drouillard Diary, 7 August 1863, Rosecrans Papers, UCLA; “A. L. F. Letter from Stevenson, Ala.,” Cincinnati Commercial, 12 August 1863; Riley, Diary, 51; Tabler Diary, 1–7 August 1863, private collection; Edward Curtis to his aunt, 10 August 1863, Curtis Letters, NL; Burns Diary, 1–7 August 1863, CCNMP; Austin Diary, 1–7 August 1863, ALPL; Lamb Diary, 1–7 August 1863, CCNMP; Sherman, Quest, 57–58; Crippin, “Diary,” 277; Hugh A. McLaurin to his father, 7 August 1863, McLaurin Letters, WHS; Eugene Comstock to his parents, 3–10 August 1863, Comstock Papers, WHS; Augustus Davis to Julia Davis, 1 August 1863, Davis Letters, SRNB; Roberts Diary, 1–7 August 1863, private collection; Smith, Private Smith’s Journal, 84–85; Smith, Memoirs, 55. Private Crow’s allegiance to the Confederacy may have been weakened by his visit to the Federals at Bridgeport, because he deserted his unit on 25 September 1863. Daniel Crow, CSR, NARA.
14. Droullard to Innes, 7 August 1863, DC, Telegrams Sent, NARA; OR 30(1):51.
15. OR 23(2):597, 598; Drouillard to Burnside, 7 August 1863, Rosecrans to Halleck, 7 August 1863, and Thompson to Mr. Hagerman [Eliza Hegeman], 7 August 1863, all in DC, Telegrams Sent, NARA. Mrs. Hegeman had been a part of the Rosecrans household since at least 1850. U.S. Federal Census, 1850 (Newport, Rhode Island) and 1860 (Hamilton County, Ohio).
16. Rosecrans to Mr. E. Hagerman [Eliza Hegeman], 8 August 1863, Thompson to Dr. Fletcher, 8 August 1863, Thompson to Beggs, 8 August 1863, Rosecrans to Anderson, 8 August 1863, Thompson to Anderson, 8 August 1863, Rosecrans to Perkins, 8 August 1863, Garfield to Sheridan, 8 August 1863, Thoms to Sheridan, 8 August 1863, Rosecrans to Winslow, 8 August 1863, Thompson to Palmer, 8 August 1863, Bond to Palmer, 8 August 1863 (two messages), Drouillard to Van Duzer, 8 August 1863, Porter to Granger, 8 August 1863, Thompson to Goddard, 8 August 1863, Rosecrans to Johnson, 8 August 1863, Bond to Johnson, 8 August 1863, Thompson to Beggs, 8 August 1863 (two messages), Thompson to Lytle, 8 August 1863, all in DC, Telegrams Sent, NARA; OR 52(1):433; Lamers, Edge of Glory, 45.
17. OR 23(2):601; OR 30(1):184; OR, Series III, 4:883; Taylor, “Supply,” 121–22.
18. OR 23(2):600, 601; Sanderson Journal, 9 August 1863, OHS. For an analysis of Burnside’s situation, see Marvel, Burnside, 264–67.
19. Anderson to Rosecrans, 8 August 1863, QMG, USMRR, Letters Sent (Anderson), NARA; Drouillard Diary, 9 August 1863, Rosecrans Papers, UCLA; Hoffman, “Brave Mechanics,” 160; Rosecrans to Anna Rosecrans, 9 August 1863, Bond to Innes, 9 August 1863, Drouillard to Beggs, 9 August 1863, Bond to Winslow, 9 August 1863, Drouillard to Pennock, 9 August 1863, Bond to Hurlbut, 9 August 1863, all in DC, Telegrams Sent, NARA.
20. Rosecrans to Burnside, 9 August 1863, DC, Telegrams Sent, NARA; OR 23(2) 602; Rosecrans to Alexander McCook, 9 November 1879, and Rosecrans to Robert Hunter, 25 August 1881, both in Rosecrans Papers, UCLA; William S. Rosecrans, National Tribune, 25 March 1882; OR 30(1):47; Rosecrans to Ezra Carman, 10 December 1888, Carman Papers, NYPL.
21. Wells, “Campaign of Chickamauga,” 208–9; OR 30(1):49. For Rosecrans’s view of cooperation with Burnside, see his testimony in U.S. Congress, Report of the Joint Committee 3:29, 34.
22. Wells, “Campaign of Chickamauga,” 208–9; Rosecrans, quoted in Gilbert C. Kniffin to Daniel H. Hill, 26 August 1884, D. H. Hill Papers, LV; Rosecrans to Robert Hunter, 25 August 1881, Rosecrans Papers, UCLA; Thompson to Palmer, 8 August 1863, Drouillard to Thomas, 7 August 1863, and Drouillard to Sheridan, 9 August 1863, all in DC, Telegrams Sent, NARA.
23. Rosecrans to Lorenzo Thomas, 9 August 1863, DC, Telegrams Sent, NARA; OR 30(3):3; Henry Jordan to John T. Wilder, 1 August 1863, Wilder Papers, ISL; W. H. H. Terrell to John T. Wilder, 8 August 1863, and John T. Wilder to his wife, 18 August 1863, Wilder Papers, UTC; Baumgartner, Blue Lightning, 107–18; Griest Diary, 9 August 1863, CCNMP; Kitchell Diary, 9 August 1863, ALPL; Brown Diary, 9 August 1863, ALPL; Campbell Diary, 9 August 1863, CCNMP; King, King Family, 266; Heitman, Historical Register, 1:599; Alanson R. Ryman to Jane Ryman, 4 August 1863, Ryman Letters, IHS; High, Sixty-Eighth Indiana, 279–81; Mauzy, Sixty-Eighth Indiana, 10; Floyd, Seventy-Fifth Indiana, 113; Morse, Diaries, 30–31; Hollingsworth Diary, 29 July and 9 August 1863, IHS; Miller Journal, 9 August 1863, IHS; Ward Diary, 30 July–2 August 1863, Booth Papers, OHS; Kempfer, Salem Light Guard, 120–21; Josiah D. Cotton to his wife, 30 July and 1 August 1863, Cotton Papers, LC; George B. Turner to his father, 4 and 7 August 1863, and to his mother, 13 August 1863, Turner Papers, OHS; Owen Diary, 31 July 1863, AU; Caleb Carlton to his wife, 31 July 1863, Carlton Papers, LC; Turchin, “Diary,” 55–56; Horton, Eleventh Ohio, 262–63; Scott, Lane, 187–88; Andrew, Letters, 66–67; Williams, Extracts, 83–84. Although the printed version of Rosecrans’s telegram to Lorenzo Thomas in OR 30(3):3 is dated 12:30 A.M., 11 August 1863, the version in DC, Telegrams Sent, NARA is dated 11:00 P.M., 9 August 1863, which makes more sense. The fact that there is a Rosecrans report to Thomas shortly after midnight on 11 August covering the events of the previous day is a clear indication that the date reported in OR 30(3):3 is a copying error. As to why Rosecrans reported a spurious Reynolds move to Tracy City on 9 August, the record is silent. Perhaps Rosecrans believed the report himself, because the headquarters diary kept by Capt. James Drouillard for 9 August also reports the movement. Drouillard Diary, 9 August 1863, Rosecrans Papers, UCLA. If not, Rosecrans was knowingly perpetrating a fraud upon the War Department, a charge difficult to lodge without documentary proof of intent.
24. OR 23(2):556, 595; Robert H. G. Minty, National Tribune, 25 February 1892; Haines, “Fourth Michigan Cavalry,” UM-B; Vale, Minty, 197, 200–201; OR 23(1):845–48; Robertson, Michigan in the War, 653–54; McLain Diary, 4–5 and 8–11 August 1863, ISHS; Decker Diary, 3 August 1863, WHS; Tilford Diary, 4–5 August 1863, FHS; Jordan and Pryor, Campaigns of Forrest, 294–96; Lindsley, Annals, 2:657–58; Wyeth, Forrest, 213–14.
25. Raab, Anderson, 5; Thompson to Beggs (two messages), and Thompson to Lytle, 8 August 1863, DC, Telegrams Sent, NARA; Alfred Pirtle to his mother, 10 August 1863, and Alfred Pirtle to “Dear Jane,” 13 August 1863, both in Pirtle Papers, FHS; “Letter from Alabama,” Cincinnati Daily Commercial, 18 August 1863; Sherman, Quest, 59–60; Day Elmore to his parents, 9 August 1863, Elmore Letters, CHS; Austin Diary, 9 August 1863, ISLH; Tabler Diary, 9 August 1863, private collection; Cooley Diary, 9 August 1863, WHS; Pecoy Diary, 9 August 1863, CCNMP.
26. Harold J. Bartlett to his family, 1 August 1863, Bartlett Letters, UM-B; Edmonds Diary, 1 August 1863, USAHEC; Stearns Diary, 4 August 1863, UM-B; Kiene, Journal, 164; Pickering Diary, 4–5, 8 August 1863, HL; Johnston, Soldier Boy, 49–50; Dilworth Journal, 5 and 7 August 1863, HC; Joseph Bruff to Anna Bruff, 1 August 1863, private collection; Hight, Fifty-Eighth Indiana, 163–64; Gsell Diary, 1 August 1863, CCNMP; Ward Diary, 8 August 1863, Ward Papers, DP; Sturges, Diary, 1–8 August 1863, Sturges Papers, Civil War Times Illustrated Collection, USAHEC; Bruce Diary, 2 August 1863, ISL; Gates, Rough Side, 67; Busbey Diary, 1–2 August 1863, SRNB; Opdycke Diary, 1–2 August 1863, Opdycke Papers, OHS; Christian Diary, 7–8 August 1863, CCNMP; Walker Diary 6 August 1863, Harrisburg Civil War Roundtable Collection, USAHEC; George Marsh Jr. to his brother, 2 August 1863, Marsh Family Papers, ALPL; William J. Carroll to his sister, 8 August 1863, Carroll Papers, UM-B; Miller Journal, 7 and 9 August 1863, IHS.
27. Webster Diary, 1 August 1863, Civil War Miscellaneous Collection, USAHEC; Christian Diary, 9 August 1863, CCNMP; Sturges Diary, 4–8 August 1863, Sturges Papers, Civil War Times Illustrated Collection, USAHEC; Miller Journal, 2–3 August 1863, IHS; Alanson R. Ryman to Jane Ryman, 4 August 1863, Ryman Letters, IHS; John H. Hoffman to his wife, 31 July 1863, Hoffman Letters, Civil War Miscellaneous Collection, USAHEC; Gsell Diary, 2 August 1863, CCNMP; Hinchberger Diary, 3–4 August 1863, CCNMP; Kitchell Diary, 1 and 5 August 1863, ALPL; Brunsted, “Canadian Recruit,” 165–66; Sligh Diary, 31 July 1863, Sligh Family Papers, UM-B; “Civil War Diary 1863 of Robert Thomas McKee,” 12 August 1863, http://mckee-burns.pasttracker.com/mckee/cw_mckee/mckee_robert_t_cw_diary_1 (15 June 2013); Meredith Diary, 31 July 1863, Civil War Miscellaneous Collection, USAHEC; Colyer Diary, 5–6 August 1863, ALPL; Kiene, Journal, 164; Marshall Diary, 7 August 1863, OHS; Alpheus S. Bloomfield to his sister, 8 August 1863, Bloomfield Letters, OHS; Elbert Squire to his mother, 8 August 1863, Squire Letters, SRNB; Hight, Fifty-Eighth Indiana, 163–64; Dilworth Journal, 2 and 5 August 1863, HC; Opdycke Diary, 2 August 1863, Opdycke Papers, OHS; Donahower Account, 9 August 1863, Donahower Papers, MHS; Griest Diary, 9 August 1863, CCNMP; Keegan, Diaries, 18; Blackburn, Letters, 133; Busbey Diary, 31 July 1863, SRNB; Botkin Diary, 31 July 1863, Baker Correspondence, OHS; Connelly Diary, 4–5 August 1863, IHS; Phillips Diary, 4 August 1863, Phillips Collection, HL; Ward Diary, 31 July 1863, DP; Gates, Rough Side, 66; Shotts Diary, 5 August 1863, SRNB; Wright, Eighth Kentucky, 166–69.
28. DeWayne K. Calkins to his family, 5 August 1863, Calkins Letters, CCNMP; Day Elmore to his parents, 9 August 1863, Elmore Letters, CHS; John S. McGraw to his wife and children, 9 August 1863, McGraw Letters, ISL; Alanson R. Ryman to Jane Ryman, 4 August 1863, Ryman Letters, IHS; Riley, Diary, 51. Similar opinions can be found in Fradenburgh, In Memoriam, 66–67; Samuel Shepardson to his sister, 8 August 1863, Shepardson Letters, ISL; James M. Forbes to his sister, 3 August 1863, Forbes Collection, HL; James P Mitchell Reminiscences, Mitchell Papers, OHS, and Thomas J. Frazee to his sister, 3 August 1863, Frazee Papers, ALPL.
29. Charles Bailer to his sister, 7 and 14 August 1863, Bailer Letters, WRHS; Brown, “Soldier of the 92nd,” 119; Webster Diary, 3 and 5–6 August 1863, Civil War Miscellaneous Collection, USAHEC; Knapp Diary, 5–6 August 1863, WHS; Christian Diary, 5–6 August 1863, CCNMP; Morse, Diaries, 31; Phillips, Diary, 22; “War Reminiscences,” Marsh Family Papers, ALPL; Shotts Diary, 1 August 1863, SRNB; Miller Journal, 7 August 1863, IHS; Hapeman Diary, 8 August 1863, ALPL; Calkins, One Hundred and Fourth Illinois, 106; Kirkpatrick, Experiences, 45; Dilworth Journal, 6 August 1863, HC; Otto, Mudsill, 151–52; Marshall Diary, 8 August 1863, OHS; Ward Diary, 8 August 1863, Booth Papers, OHS; Robinson Diary, 6 August 1863, WRHS; Hight, Fifty-Eighth Indiana, 164–65; Genco, Sound, 105; Hinkley Diary, 5–6 August 1863, Hinkley Papers, WHS; SOR 41:107, 128, 147, 162, 174; Frank M. Phelps to his friends, 1 and 10 August 1863, Phelps Letters, Lewis Leigh Collection, USAHEC; Robert J. Bates to his parents, 8 August 1863, Bates Letters, WHS; Angus Waddle to his sister, 8 August 1863, McCoy Papers, MHM; Cooley Diary, 6–8 August 1863, WHS; Wilcox Diary, 8 August 1863, Wiley Sword Collection, USAHEC; Lucius Brown to “Dear Charles,” 18 August 1863, Brown Letters, EU; Unit Return, Eighteenth US Infantry, August 1863, NARA; XIV Corps Journal, 10 August 1863, Thomas Papers, NARA.
30. Alanson R. Ryman to Jane Ryman, 4 August 1863, Ryman Letters, IHS; Gates Diary, 7 August 1863, IHS; Howe Diary, 31 July 1863, IHS; Sligh Diary, 31 July 1863, Sligh Family Papers, UM-B; Marshall Diary, 2 August 1863, OHS; Shotts Diary, 4 August 1863, SRNB; Hinchberger Diary, 4 August 1863, CCNMP; John Wilcox to his wife, 5 August 1863, Wilcox Letters, CCNMP; Woodruff, Fifteen Years, 270; Andrew, Letters, 68–71; John T. Booth, National Tribune, 25 September 1890; Josiah D. Cotton to his wife, 10 August 1863, Cotton Papers, LC; George B. Turner to his mother, 9 August 1863, Turner Papers, OHS; Turchin, “Diary,” 57, 59; Horton, Eleventh Ohio, 96–97; William Tyson CSR, and Samuel Mitchell CSR, NARA; “Surviving Sewanee: The Samuel Mitchell Story,” http://survivingsewanee.com/Sept_%2014_samuel_mitchell.html (4 April 2012). The four men killed by the explosion were Corp. Ezra Hess and Corp. Nathan Rector (Twenty-First Indiana Battery), Corp. Joseph Wyrick (Eleventh Ohio Infantry), and Musician William Tyson (Eighteenth Kentucky Infantry).
31. Beatty, Citizen Soldier, 312; Garfield, Wild Life, 292; Caleb Carlton to his wife, 10 August 1863, Carlton Papers, LC; Drouillard Diary, 10 August 1863, Rosecrans Papers, UCLA; Special Field Orders, No. 219, Extract, 10 August 1863, Anderson Family Papers, KSHS; OR 52(1):435; Frankenberry Diary, 10 August 1863, WVU; Frank J. Jones to his mother, 11 August 1863, Jones Papers, CIHS; Mosman, Rough Side, 67; William H. Ball to his brother, 10 August 1863, Ball Letters, USAHEC; Colyer Diary, 10 August 1863, ALPL; Post Diary, 10 August 1863, Post Papers, KC; Society, Seventy-Fourth Illinois, Reunion Proceedings, 21; Isaac P. Rule to his brother, 13 August 1863, Rule Letters, HPL; Dodd Diary, 10 August 1863, Dodd Papers, ALPL.
32. Hough, Soldier, 84; Johnson, Brave Men, 369–71; Lucius Brown to his sister, 15 August 1863, and to “Charley,” 18 August 1863, Brown Letters, EU; Barringer Diary, 10 August 1863, private collection; Unit Returns, First and Second Battalions, Eighteenth US Infantry, NARA; Charles Bailer to his sister, 14 August 1863, Bailer Letters, WRHS; Jones Diary, 10 August 1863, SRNB; Augustus B. Carpenter to his parents, 16 August 1863, Carpenter Letters, YU; Tarbell Diary, 10 August 1863, Harrisburg Civil War Roundtable Collection, USAHEC; Henry Drake to his brother, 12 August 1863, Drake Letters, WHS; Clark Diary, 10 August 1863, Clark Papers, USAHEC; Johnston, Soldier Boy, 51–52; Henry C. Taylor to his parents, 9 August 1863, and to his brother, 16 August 1863, Taylor Papers, WHS; Otto, Mudsill, 153; Kelsey M. Adams to his brother, 12 August 1863, Adams Letters, WHS; Galpin Diary, 10 August 1863, Galpin Family Papers, WHS; SOR 21:622, 635; SOR 27:573; SOR 72:502, 515; SOR 87:115, 121; SOR 88:248, 256–57; Shotts Diary, 10 August 1863, SRNB; Johnston Diary, 10 August 1863, Johnston Collection, CHS; Christian Diary, 10 August 1863, CCNMP; SOR 65:544, 556; Lewis Tripp to his parents and sister, 16 August 1863, Tripp Letters, Civil War Miscellaneous Collection, USAHEC; Sturges Diary, 10 August 1863, Sturges Papers, Civil War Times Illustrated Collection, USAHEC; Rosecrans to Lorenzo Thomas, 10 August 1863, DC, Telegrams Sent, NARA; OR 30(3):4.
33. OR 30(3):4–5; Bond to Innes, 11 August 1863, Drouillard to Beggs, 11 August 1863, Bond to Palmer, 11 August 1863, Drouillard to Goddard, 11 August 1863, Thrall to Dickson, 11 August 1863, and Thompson to Tyler, 11 August 1863, all in DC, Telegrams Sent, NARA; Drouillard Diary, 11 August 1863, Rosecrans Papers, UCLA; Inskeep Diary, 11 August 1863, OHS; Harold J. Bartlett to his family, 12 August 1863, Bartlett Letters, UM-B; Price Diary, 11 August 1863, Civil War Miscellaneous Collection, USAHEC; Small Diary, 11 August 1863, IHS; John R. Dow to his sister, 15 August 1863, Dow Letters, FHS; James Thomas to his sister, 14 August 1863, Thomas Letters, IHS; Wheeler Diary, 11 August 1863, OHS; Albertson, Letters Home, Letter 98; Keegan, Diaries, 19–20; Davidson Diary, 11 August 1863, NCWM; Donahower Account, 11 August 1863, Donahower Papers, MHS; Everett F. Abbott to his mother, 12 August 1863, Chamberlain Papers, IHS; Harry Van Derveer to his mother, 15 August 1863, Van Derveer Letters, SLRH; Frankenberry Diary, 11 August 1863, WVU.
34. Webster Diary, 11 August 1863, Civil War Miscellaneous Collection, USAHEC; Knapp Diary, 11 August 1863, WHS; Robert Newell Elder to his sister, 12 August 1863, Elder Letters, OHS; Lucius Brown to his sister, 15 August 1863, and to “Charley,” 18 August 1863, Brown Letters, EU; Barringer Diary, 11 August 1863, private collection; Charles K. Bailer to his sister, 14 August 1863, Bailer Letters, WRHS; Memorial of Burnham, 20; Augustus B. Carpenter to his parents, 16 August 1863, Carpenter Letters, YU; Jones Diary, 11 August 1863, SRNB; Unit Returns: Fifteenth, Sixteenth, Eighteenth, and Nineteenth United States Infantry, NARA; Clark Diary, 11 August 1863, Clark Papers, USAHEC; Johnston, Soldier Boy, 52; Otto, Mudsill, 153–54; Kelsey M. Adams to his brother, 12 August 1863, Adams Letters, WHS; Galpin Diary, 11 August 1863, Galpin Family Papers, WHS; Roseberry Diary, 11 August 1863, EU; Beatty, Citizen Soldier, 308–9; OR 52(1):435; James M. Chatfield to his wife, 10 August 1863, Chatfield Letters, WVM; L. S. Scranton to Edward Ruger, 8 June 1867, Ruger Correspondence, Thomas Papers, NARA; Hempstead Diary, 11 August 1863, UM-B; Thomas Diary, 11 August 1863, UT; Merrill, Diary, 46; Read Diary, 11 August 1863, KSHS; Persons Diary, 11 August 1863, WHS; Kendall Diary, 11 August 1863, HL; Mendenhall Diary, 12 [11] August 1863, IHS; Leeper Diary, 11 August 1863, SRNB; Kiene, Journal, 165; Hollingsworth Diary, 11 August 1863, IHS; T. S. McCawley to R. R. Reeves, 11 August 1863, Montraville Reeves Papers, UI; Johnston Diary, 11 August 1863, Johnston Collection, CHS; Christian Diary, 11 August 1863, CCNMP; Woodcock, Southern Boy, 179; Lamb Diary, 11 August 1863, CCNMP; Newlin, Seventy-Third Illinois, 203; Austin Diary, 11 August 1863, ALPL; Simonds Diary, 11 August 1863, Simonds Papers, NIU; Tabler Diary, 11 August 1863, private collection; Prickitt, Company H, 99; John C. Love to his parents, 14 August 1863, Love Letters, UM-B; OR 30(3):4.
35. Bond to Innes, 12 August 1863 (four messages), Drouillard to Innes, 12 August 1863, Thoms to Innes, 12 August 1863, Thoms to O’Neill, 12 August 1863, Thompson to Beggs, 12 August 1863, Drouillard to Beggs, 12 August 1863, Thrall to Dickson, 12 August 1863; Thompson to Winslow, 12 August 1863, and Bond to Winslow, 12 August 1863, all in DC, Telegrams Sent, NARA; Taylor, “Supply,” 123–24; Dilworth Journal, 12 August 1863, HC; Miller Journal, 12 August 1863, IHS; Kiene, Journal, 165; Busbey Diary, 12 August 1863, SRNB.
36. OR 30(3):14, 16–18; Rosecrans to Burnside, 12 August 1863, and Bond to Burnside, 12 August 1863, both in DC, Telegrams Sent, NARA; E. Vicar to M. P. Bestow, 10 August 1863, DC, Letters Received, NARA; “Summaries of the News,” 12 August 1863, NARA; Marvel, Burnside, 267–69.
37. Dilworth Journal, 12 August 1863, HC; Shotts Diary, 12 August 1863, SRNB; Lewis Tripp to his parents and sister, 16 August 1863, Tripp Letters, Civil War Miscellaneous Collection, USAHEC; Christian Diary, 12 August 1863, CCNMP; Keegan, Diaries, 20; Frank J. Jones to his father, 12 August 1863, Jones Papers, CIHS; Rogers, “Diary,” 10; Marshall Diary, 12 August 1863, OHS; Woodcock, Southern Boy, 179; Kiene, Journal, 165; Partridge, Ninety-Sixth Illinois, 152; Nelson G. Huson to his parents, 15 August 1863, Huson Letters, HL; Hoch Journal, 12 August 1863, UI; Smith, Write, 146; Robinson Diary, 12 August 1863, Robinson Papers, ALPL; Royse, 115th Illinois, 82; Sowers Diary, 12 August 1863, CCNMP; McAdams, Soldier Life, 36; Patton Diary, 12 August 1863, CCNMP; Holmes, Then and Now, 116; Porter Diary, 12 August 1863, OHS; Boon, Letters, 66; Armstrong Diary, 12 August 1863, CCNMP; Miller Journal, 12 August 1863, IHS; Turchin, “Diary,” 58–59; Cummins Diary, 12 August 1863, Cummins Papers, ALPL; Burns Diary, 12 August 1863, CCNMP; Austin Diary, 12 August 1863, ALPL; OR 30(3):11, 15; R. M. Russell to Edward Ruger, 12 June 1867, Ruger Correspondence, Thomas Papers, NARA; Hempstead Diary, 12 August 1863, UM-B; Thomas Diary, 12 August 1863, UT; Merrill, Diary, 46; Read Diary, 12 August 1863, KSHS; Persons Diary, 12 August 1863, WHS; Kendall Diary, 12 August 1863, HL; Leeper Diary, 12 August 1863, SRNB; Thoms to Lorenzo Thomas, 12 August 1863, DC, Telegrams Sent, NARA.
38. OR 30(3):14–15, 19–22; Thompson to Beggs, 12 August 1863, Bond to Innes, 13 August 1863, and Thoms to Palmer, 13 August 1863, all in DC, Telegrams Sent, NARA; Drouillard Diary, 13 August 1863, Rosecrans Papers, UCLA; Prickitt, Company H, 99; Crofts, Third Ohio Cavalry, 110; Crane Diary, 13 August 1863, Thomas Papers, NARA.
39. Willis Jones to his wife, 13 August 1863, Jones Papers, NC; History, Seventy-Ninth Indiana, 81; Howe Diary, 13 August 1863, IHS; Marshall Diary, 13 August 1863, OHS; Dewees Diary, 13 August 1863, CCNMP; Dilworth Journal, 13 August 1863, HC; Hinchberger Diary, 13 August 1863, CCNMP; Mosman, Rough Side, 67–68; Colyer Diary, 13 August 1863, ALPL; Hollingsworth Diary, 13 August 1863, IHS; Morse, Diaries, 31; Pecoy Diary, 13 August 1863, CCNMP; Lamb Diary, 13 August 1863, CCNMP; Austin Diary, 13 August 1863, ALPL; Riley, Diary, 51; Crippin, “Diary,” 278; Burns Diary, 13 August 1863, CCNMP; Tabler Diary, 13 August 1863, private collection; Williams Diary, 13 August 1863, CCNMP; Hight, Fifty-Eighth Indiana, 166; Hinman, Sherman Brigade, 400; Opdycke Diary, 13 August 1863, Opdycke Papers, OHS; Clark, Tigers, 76; Shotts Diary, 13 August 1863, SRNB; Christian Diary, 13 August 1863, CCNMP; Johnston Diary, 13 August 1863, Johnston Collection, CHS; Partridge, Ninety-Sixth Illinois, 152; Hoch Journal, 13 August 1863, UI; SOR 25:693; Schwartz, Diary, 9; Imboden, Army of the Cumberland, 8; Sowers Diary, 13 August 1863, CCNMP; J. W. Branum, National Tribune, 20 December 1900; McAdams, Soldier Life, 36; Widney Diary, 13 August 1863, KMNMP; OR 30(3):19, 106; R. M. Russell to Edward Ruger, 12 June 1867, Ruger Correspondence, Thomas Papers, NARA; Hempstead Diary, 13 August 1863, UM-B; Thomas Diary, 13 August 1863, UT; Merrill, Diary, 46; Read Diary, 13 August 1863, KSHS; Persons Diary, 13 August 1863, WHS; Kendall Diary, 13 August 1863, HL; Leeper Diary, 13 August 1863, SRNB; Rosecrans to Lorenzo Thomas, 13 August 1863, DC, Telegrams Sent, NARA.
40. Garfield, Wild Life, 292; OR 30(3):27–29; Busbey Diary, 20 August 1863, SRNB; Goddard to Palmer, 14 August 1863, Goddard to O’Connell, 14 August 1863, Rosecrans to Innes, 14 August 1863, Bond to Beggs, 14 August 1863 (two messages), Thoms to Crittenden, 14 August 1863, and Rosecrans to Ripley, 14 August 1863, all in DC, Telegrams Sent, NARA.
41. Shotts Diary, 14 August 1863, SRNB; Dewees Diary, 14 August 1863, CCNMP; Marshall Diary, 14 August 1863, OHS; Price Diary, 14 August 1863, Civil War Miscellaneous Collection, USAHEC; Hollingsworth Diary, 14 August 1863, IHS; Taylor Diary, 14 August 1863, SRNB; Tuttle, Kentucky Captain, 140; Shideler Diary, 14 August 1863, CCNMP; Lyon Diary, 14 August 1863, OHS; Mosman, Rough Side, 68; Millen Diary, 14 August 1863, SRNB; Morledge Diary, 14 August 1863, KMNMP; Roseberry Diary, 14 August, EU; Larew Diary, 13–14 August 1863, IHS; Woodcock, Southern Boy, 179; OR 30(3):106; Daniel V. Culver to “Friend Anna,” 29 August 1863, Clinton Family Papers, CU; Hempstead Diary, 14 August 1863, UM-B; Thomas Diary, 14 August 1863, UT; Merrill, Diary, 47; Read Diary, 14 August 1863, KSHS; Persons Diary, 14 August 1863, WHS; Kendall Diary, 14 August 1863, HL; Leeper Diary, 14 August 1863, SRNB; McAdams, Soldier Life, 36; Christian Diary, 14 August 1863, CCNMP; Pickering Diary, 14 August 1863, HL; Baumgartner, Yankee Tigers II, 84; Inskeep Diary, 14 August 1863, OHS; Sturges Diary, 14 August 1863, Sturges Papers, Civil War Times Illustrated Collection, USAHEC; Cutter, Our Battery, 128; Burns Diary, 14 August 1863, CCNMP; Hapeman Diary, 14 August 1863, ALPL; Dilworth Journal, 14 August 1863, HC; Ward Diary, 14 August 1863, Ward Papers, DP; Keegan, Diaries, 20; Stearns Diary, 14 August 1863, UM-B; Meredith Diary, 14 August 1863, USAHEC; Society, Seventy-Fourth Illinois, Reunion Proceedings, 20–21; History, Seventy-Ninth Indiana, 81; Huntzinger Diary, 14 August 1863, http://www.lafavre.us/huntzinger/hunt_3.htm (23 May 2016).
42. Lytle to Lee, 13 August 1863, Sheridan Papers, LC; OR 30(3):20; Burns Diary, 14–15 August 1863, CCNMP; Pecoy Diary, 14 August 1863, CCNMP; Austin Diary, 14–15 August 1863, ALPL; Cooley Diary, 13–14 August 1863, WHS; Eugene E. Comstock to his parents, 15 August 1863, Comstock Papers, WHS; Bennett and Haigh, Thirty-Sixth Illinois, 444–45; Tabler Diary, 14–15 August 1863, private collection; Crippin, “Diary,” 278; Lytle, For Honor, 195–96; Sherman, Quest, 60–61; Alfred Pirtle to his sister, 15 August 1863, Pirtle Papers, FHS; Cummins Diary, 15 August 1863, Cummins Papers, ALPL; Chauncy H. Peck to his brother, 16 August 1863, Peck Letters, CCNMP; Lamb Diary, 15 August 1863, CCNMP; Otto, 11th Indiana Battery, 33–34; Simonds Diary, 15 August 1863, Simonds Papers, NIU; Colburn/Gray Diary, 15 August 1863, private collection; Riley, Diary, 52; Amandus Silsby to his father, 20 August 1863, Silsby Letters, CCNMP; Edward W. Curtis to his cousin, 17 August 1863, Curtis Letters, NL; Eugene Comstock to his parents, 15 August 1863, Comstock Papers, WHS.
1. Beers, Memories, 88–89; Cumming, Kate, 126–29; Chattanooga Area Civil War Sites Assessment, 105–8; Boyd, Historical Markers, 36, 38.
2. OR 23(2):948, 950, 952; Bragg to Cooper, 5 August 1863, and Bragg to Johnston, 5 August 1863, both in Bragg Letters and Telegrams, NARA.
3. Bragg to Cooper, 5 August 1863, and Bragg to Johnston, 5 August 1863, both in Bragg Letters and Telegrams, NARA; OR 23(2):952–53; OR 52(2):514; Leonidas Polk to Kenneth Rayner, 14 August 1863, Polk Papers, US.
4. Circular, 5 August 1863, Letters Sent, Polk’s Command, NARA; OR 23(2):954–55, 957; Brent to D. H. Hill, 30 July 1863, 1 August 1863, and 4 August 1863, Brent to Wharton, 3 August 1863, Brent to Beard, 8 August 1863, Brent to Dreux, 10 August 1863, and Brent to Polk, 10 August 1863, all in Bragg Papers, WRHS; Alex E. Spence to his parents, 5 August 1863, Spence Letter, CCNMP.
5. OR 23(2):931, 954, 962–63. For an excellent discussion of the place of the District of the Gulf in the Confederate command structure, see Bergeron, Confederate Mobile, 26–30. In the author’s opinion, Arndt Stickles, in Buckner, 224–25, gives far too much credit to Buckner’s ostensible reasons for his protest.
6. Bragg to Cooper, 6 August 1863, Bragg Papers, WRHS; OR 23(2):931, 952–53, 962–64. The Alabama counties added to Bragg’s territory in the amended order were Franklin, Lawrence, Morgan, Blount, Saint Clair, Calhoun, Cherokee, De Kalb, and Marshall.
7. OR 23(2):914, 916, 923, 925–26; Anderson to Jack, 16 July 1863, in Paul H. Rice, CSR, NARA; Jordan and Pryor, Campaigns of Forrest, 294–96; Brent to D. H. Hill, 29 July 1863 and 31 July 1863, Brent to B. J. Hill, 14 August 1863, all in Bragg Papers, WRHS; Tennesseans in the Civil War, 55–58, 248–50; Davis and Hoffman, Confederate General, 3:100–101; “About General Benjamin Jefferson Hill,” http://www.angelfire.com/in/scvcamp1615/bjhill.html (17 August 2012); P. B. Clark to “Uncle Henry,” 7 August 1863, Wells Papers, UNC; Mackall to Wheeler, 12 July 1863, and “Mem. a/c Amount paid by Col. McKinstry,” 8–15 September 1863, both in Bragg Papers, WRHS.
8. “Summaries of the News,” 258–308, NARA; OR 30(3):29; Brent to D. H. Hill, 29 July 1863, Brent to Forrest, 6 August 1863, Brent to Beard, 8 August 1863, Brent to Jackson, 10 August 1863, Brent to Polk, 10 August 1863, Brent to McKinstry, 11 August 1863, Brent to Flewellen, 13 August 1863, and Brent to Jackson, 13 August 1863, all in Bragg Papers, WRHS.
9. Brent to Wheeler, 6 August 1863, Brent to Walthall, 11 August 1863, and Bragg to Cooper, 8 August 1863, all in Bragg Papers, WRHS; Gow, “Military Administration” (dissertation), 56–57.
10. Polk to Deas and Maney, 6 August 1863, Polk to Deas, 11 August 1863, Polk to Cheatham, 12 August 1863, all in Letters Sent, Polk’s Command, NARA; Willie H. Moore to Jennie Parsons, 12 August 1863, Parsons Letters, ADAH; Thomas B. Hall to his sister, 8 August 1863, Hall Family Papers, ADAH; Coleman Diary, 5 August 1863, UNC; Fraser Diary, 1 and 3 August 1863, CCNMP; Freeman Diary, 3–5 August 1863, TSLA; Corbitt Diary, 6–10 August 1863, EU; Seaton, Bugle, 37; Bunting, Letters, 182–88; Dodd, Diary, 21; W. Nicholson to his sister, 11 August 1863, http://www.terrystexasrangers.org/letters/nicholson_w/1863_08_11.htm (19 December 2009); B. F. Burke to his parents, 6 August 1863, http://www.terrystexasrangers.org/letters/burke_bf/1863_08_06.htm (19 December 2009); Gilbert L. Macmurphy Diary, 5 August 1863, http://www.terrystexasrangers.org/diaries/macmurphy_gl/index.html (21 June 2009); Giles, in Blackburn, Giles, and Dodd, Trilogy, 43; Magee Diary, 6–8 August 1863, DU; Brown Notebook, 6 August 1863, CCNMP; Swett, “Warren Light Artillery,” http://www.perryvillebattlefield.org/html/ms-swett-charles-cs.html (24 July 2012); Sparkman Diary, 6 August 1863, BPL.
11. Fraser Diary, 1 and 7 August 1863, CCNMP; David G. Godwin to “Miss B.,” 1 August 1863, Godwin Letters, TSLA; James M. Brannock to “My Darling,” 3 August 1863, Brannock Letters, VHS; Sparkman Diary, 4 August 1863, BPL; James Searcy to his sister, 9 August 1863, Searcy Letters, ADAH; Alexander M. Moore to his brother, 2 August 1863, Sydenham Moore Family Papers, ADAH.
12. S. M. Cherry, “Church Leader,” Chattanooga (Tenn.) Free Press, 21 September 1938, CPL; Chattanooga (Tenn.) Daily Rebel, 4 August 1863; Bunting, Letters, 188–89; Sparkman Diary, 2 August 1863, BPL; Daniel Diary, 9 August 1863, Civil War Miscellaneous Collection, USAHEC; James Searcy to his sister, 9 August 1863, Searcy Letters, ADAH; William B. Honnoll to his sister, 3 August 1863, Honnoll Family Papers, EU.
13. Hezekiah Rabb to his wife, 3 August 1863, Rabb Letters, USAHEC; C. Irvine Walker to Ada Sinclair, Walker Letters, WRHS; Benjamin F. Burke to his parents, 6 August 1863, http://www.terrystexasrangers.org/letters/burke_bf/1863_08_06.htm (21 June 2009); David G. Godwin to “Miss B.,” 1 August 1863, Godwin Letters, TSLA; Daniel L. Kelly to “Miss S. J. Honnoll,” Honnoll Family Papers, EU.
14. OR 30(4):495; Cumming, Kate, 34, 125; Neal and Kremm, Lion of the South, 1–162; Warner, Generals in Gray, 137–38; Eicher and Eicher, High Commands, 297–98; Davis and Hoffman, Confederate General, 3:106–9; Nash, Biographical Sketches, 52–79; Welsh, Medical Histories, Confederate, 102.
15. OR 30(4):495; Davis and Hoffman, Confederate General, 1:186–87, 2:66–67; Eicher and Eicher, High Commands, 172–73, 594; Warner, Generals in Gray, 49–50, 71–72; Heartsill, Fourteen Hundred, 122, 127–42; Roger Q. Mills to his wife, 16 August 1863, Mills Papers, UTX; McCaffrey, “Only a Private,” 63; Oliphant, Only a Private, 43; Daniel, Cannoneers, 79–80, 88–89.
16. OR 23(2):955–56; OR 30(4):507–9; Wyeth, Forrest, 245–47; Wills, Battle from the Start, 130–31; Hurst, Forrest, 131–32.
17. OR 23(2):911, 926; Cowles, OR Atlas, Plate 80.12; Rand Diary, 1–14 August 1863, MDAH; Roberts Diary, 1–14 August 1863, private collection; Cullens, “Adventures”; William Gabbett to Colonel [Lt. Col. I. M. St. John], 14 August 1863, Cumming Papers, GHS; Smith, Civil War Tour for Cavers, 81–82; S. Hubert Dent to his wife, 1 August 1863, Dent Collection, AU; Skellie, Lest We Forget, 541–51.
18. Augustus F. Davis to Julia Davis, 1 August 1863, Davis Letters, SRNB; S. Hubert Dent to his wife, 1 August 1863, Dent Collection, AU; Rand Diary, 5–10 August 1863, MDAH; Roberts Diary, 6 August 1863, private collection; Hugh A. McLaurin to his father, 7 August 1863, McLaurin Letters, WHS; Richard B. Pittman to his wife, 13 August 1863, Pittman Letters, CCNMP; Cullens, “Adventures”; Skellie, Lest We Forget, 541–51.
19. Brent to Anderson, 4 August 1863, Brent to Presstman, 11 August 1863, Brent to Jackson, 13 August 1863, Brent to B. J. Hill, 14 August 1863, Brent to Allin, 14 August 1863, and Brent to Anderson, 14 August 1863, all in Bragg Papers, WRHS; Roberts Diary, 1 and 3 August 1863, private collection; Skellie, Lest We Forget, 542, 546.
20. Roberts Diary, 14 August 1863, private collection; Skellie, Lest We Forget, 549.
1. Rosecrans to Sheridan, 15 August 1863, DC, Telegrams Sent, NARA; OR 30(3):29, 33–39, 115.
2. Bond to Sheridan, 15 August 1863, Bond to Guthrie, 15 August 1863, Bond to Dickson, 15 August 1863, Thoms to Innes, 15 August 1863, Bond to Innes, 15 August 1863, Thoms to Commanding Officer Pioneers, 15 August 1863, Thoms to Thomas, 15 August 1863, Thoms to Johnson, 15 August 1863, Thoms to Simmons, 15 August 1863, Thoms to Townsend, 15 August 1863, Rosecrans to Innes, 15 August 1863, and Goddard to Stanton, 15 August 1863, all in DC, Telegrams Sent, NARA; OR 30(3):33, 38–39; Wisconsin State Journal, 5 September 1863.
3. OR 30(3):35–36.
4. OR 30(3):36–37.
5. OR 30(3):37.
6. OR 30(3):37.
7. OR 30(3):37–38; Larew Diary, 15–17 August 1863, IHS; Kundahl, Confederate Engineer, 208–11.
8. OR 30(3):36–37, 52; Hight, Fifty-Eighth Indiana, 167; Everett F. Abbott to his mother, 17 August 1863, Chamberlain Papers, IHS; Bickham, Rosecrans’ Campaign, 172.
9. Hinchberger Diary, 15 August 1863, CCNMP; Ward Diary, 15 August 1863, Ward Papers, DP; Lyon Diary, 15 August 1863, OHS; History, Seventy-Ninth Indiana, 81–82; Shideler Diary, 15 August 1863, CCNMP; Busbey Diary, 15 August 1863, SRNB; Mosman, Rough Side, 68; Colyer Diary, 15 August 1863, ALPL; Morse, Diaries, 31; Hines Diary, 15 August 1863, Hines Manuscript Collection, ISL; George H. Alverson to his father, 15 August 1863, Alverson Letters, Civil War Miscellaneous Collection, USAHEC; Frank M. Phelps to “Dear Friends,” 15 August 1863, Phelps Letters, Lewis Leigh Collection, USAHEC; John S. Glenn to his sister, 15 August 1863, Glenn Papers, ALPL; Thomas Prickett to “Dearest Matilda,” 15 August 1863, Prickett Letters, IHS; Sturges Diary, 15 August 1863, Sturges Papers, Civil War Times Illustrated Collection, USAHEC; Pickering Diary, 15 August 1863, HL; Turchin, “Diary,” 59; Bruce Diary, 15 August 1863, ISL; Marshall Diary, 15 August 1863, OHS; McAdams, One Hundred and Thirteenth Ohio, 36; Riley, Diary, 52; Shotts Diary, 15 August 1863, SRNB; Christian Diary, 15 August 1863, CCNMP; SOR 21:358; SOR 63:460; OR 30(3):43; Frank J. Jones to his mother, 15 August 1863, Jones Papers, CIHS; Inskeep Diary, 15 August 1863, OHS; DeVelling, Seventeenth Ohio, 73; Price Diary, 15 August 1863, Civil War Miscellaneous Collection, USAHEC; Keegan, Diaries, 20; Kitchell Diary, 15 August 1863, ALPL; Miller Journal, 15 August 1863, IHS.
10. Thoms to Beggs, 15 August 1863, Rosecrans to Innes, 15 August 1863, Bond to Innes, 15 August 1863, Bond to Beggs, 15 August 1863, Thompson to Beggs, 15 August 1863, Thoms to Crittenden, 15 August 1863, Bond to Van Cleve, 15 August 1863, Bond to Crittenden, 15 August 1863, and Thoms to Lorenzo Thomas, 15 August 1863, all in DC, Telegrams Sent, NARA; OR 30(3):32–33, 40, 42.
11. OR 30(3):47–49, 289; Millen Diary, 16 August 1863, SRNB; Hinchberger Diary, 16 August 1863, CCNMP; Gibson, Seventy-Eighth Pennsylvania, 83; Nupp Diary, 16 August 1863, CCNMP; Weaver Diary, 16 August 1863, SRNB; Blackburn, Letters, 136; John W. Baldwin to his wife, 19 August 1863, Baldwin Papers, OHS; Dilworth Journal, 16 August 1863, HC; Shanks Diary, 16 August 1863, BGSU; Canfield, 21st Ohio, 104; Ward Diary, 16 August 1863, Ward Papers, DP; SOR 62:349; Beatty, Citizen Soldier, 319; Harris Diary, 16 August 1863, CCNMP; Hapeman Diary, 16 August 1863, ALPL; Calkins, One Hundred and Fourth Illinois, 106; Belknap, Michigan, 109; Sturges Diary, 16 August 1863, Sturges Papers, Civil War Times Illustrated Collection, USAHEC.
12. Wilder, “Preliminary Movements,” 1; OR 30(1):445; OR 30(3):49–51; Caleb Carlton to his wife, 10 August 1863, Carlton Papers, LC; Griest Diary, 16 August 1863, CCNMP; Records Diary, 16 August 1863, and Reminiscences, Records Manuscript Collection, ISL; McGee, 72nd Indiana, 144; Kemper Diary, 16 August 1863, OHS; Kitchell Diary, 16 August 1863, ALPL; SOR 28:37; Cort, Letters, 100–101; Ninety-Second Illinois, 94–95; Colehour Account, 16 August 1863, SRNB; Brown Diary, 16 August 1863, Civil War Times Illustrated Collection, USAHEC; King, Three Years, 102–4; Campbell Journal, 16 August 1863, CCNMP; Phillips, Diary, 23; Runion Diary, 16 August 1863, http://civilwar.illinoisgenweb.org/scrapbk/runiondiary2.html (23 March 2013).
13. Judson Bishop to his brother, 22 August 1863, Bishop Papers, MHS; Donahower Account, 16 August 1863, Donahower Papers, MHS; Inskeep Diary, 16 August 1863, OHS; Wheeler Diary, 16 August 1863, OHS; Hunter, Eighty-Second Indiana, 53; Price Diary, 16 August 1863, Civil War Miscellaneous Collection, USAHEC; Bishop, Story, 91; Keegan, Diaries, 20–21; Reed Diary, 16 August 1863, Reed Papers, MHS; Davidson Diary, 16 August 1863, NCWM; Albertson, Letters Home, Letter 99; OR 30(1):397–98; DeVelling, Seventeenth Ohio, 73; Frederick Marion to his sister, 21 August 1863, Marion Letters, ALPL; Small Diary, 16 August 1863, IHS; Shaw, Tenth Indiana, 211; Everett F. Abbott to his mother, 17 August 1863, Chamberlain Papers, IHS; Martling Diary, 16 August 1863, Martling Manuscript Collection; ISL; Bruce Diary, 16 August 1863, ISL.
14. OR 30(1):625, 678–79; Hight, Fifty-Eighth Indiana, 167; Hines Diary, 16 August 1863, Hines Manuscript Collection, ISL; Kerwood, Fifty-Seventh Indiana, 198–99; Marshall Diary, 16 August 1863, OHS; Dewees Diary, 16 August 1863, CCNMP; Woodruff, Fifteen Years, 273–74; Hinman, Sherman Brigade, 405–6; Mallory Diary, 16 August 1863, HP; Gillis Diary, 18 August 1863, OHS; Clark, Tigers, 81; Emerson Opdycke to his wife, 17 and 20 August 1863, and Opdycke Diary, 16 August 1863, Opdycke Papers, OHS; Joseph Bruff to his wife, 20 August 1863, private collection; Rice, Yankee Tigers, 61–62; Baumgartner, Yankee Tigers II, 85–86, 88.
15. Busbey Diary, 16 August 1863, SRNB; Hyde Diary, 16 August 1863, KYHS; Botkin Diary, 16 August 1863, and George W. Botkin to his friends, 23 August 1863, Baker Correspondence, OHS; SOR 34:56, 58, 106, 112; Mason Diary, 16 August 1863, SRNB; Dillman Diary, 16 August 1863, IU; Connelly Diary, 16 August 1863, IHS; McKee Diary, 16 August 1863, http://mckee-burns.pasttracker.com/mckee/cw_mckee/mckee_robert_t_cw_diary_1 (15 June 2013); SOR 66:372, 376; Harden, 90th Ohio, 90; Cutter, Our Battery, 128; Simmons, 84th Illinois, 66; Suiter Diary, 16 August 1863, ALPL; Hannaford, Sixth Ohio, 441; SOR 62:769, 780; Glisan Diary, 16 August 1863, CCNMP; Williams Diary, 16 August 1863, CCNMP; Palmer Journal, 16 August 1863, CCNMP; Kimberly and Holloway, Forty-First Ohio, 46–47; Albert G. Hart to his wife, 20 August 1863, Hart Papers, WRHS; George W. Hodges to his wife, 31 August 1863, Hodges Papers, WRHS; SOR 67:573; Johnston Diary, 16 August 1863, FHS.
16. OR 30(3):36, 53, 60–61, 960–61; Van Cleve to Ruger, 24 May 1867, Thomas Papers, NARA; Woodcock, Southern Boy, 179–80; Benedict Diary, 16 August 1863, SRNB; History, Seventy-Ninth Indiana, 82; Tilford Diary, 16 August 1863, FHS; Huntzinger Diary, 16 August 1863, http://www.lafavre.us/huntzinger/hunt_3.htm (23 May 2016); Wright, Eighth Kentucky, 171; Barnes, Carnahan, and McCain, Eighty-Sixth Indiana, 153; McCain, Song, 84–85; Gasherie Decker to his sister, 22 August 1863, Decker Letters, WHS; Hurd Diary, 16 August 1863, private collection; Claggett Diary, 16 August 1863, CCNMP; Howe Diary, 16 August 1863, IHS; A. L. Gibson to “Dear Friend,” J. C. Jessup Letters, IHS; Morgan and Murphy, Seventh Indiana Battery, 21.
17. OR 30(3):37, 51, 115–16, 959–60; Frank J. Jones to his father, 16 August 1863, Jones Papers, CIHS; Ferdinand Van Derveer to Emily Van Derveer, 12 August 1863, and Harry Van Derveer to Emily Van Derveer, 15 August 1863, both in Van Derveer letters, SLRH; Colyer Diary, 16 August 1863, ALPL; Mosman, Rough Side, 68. Horace Phillips, sixteen, was Kate McCook’s brother, and George McCook, eleven, was the son of George W. McCook, Alexander McCook’s brother.
18. OR 30(3):115, 960; Moon Diary, 16 August 1863, KSHS; Beck Diary, 16 August 1863, KSHS; Shideler Diary, 16 August 1863, CCNMP; William McKean to his sister, 24 August 1863, McKean Letters, OHS; Ashmun Diary, August 1863, CCNMP; Wagner Reminiscences, Civil War Times Illustrated Collection, USAHEC; Richards, Letters, 17–18; Lyon Diary, 16 August 1863, OHS; Doll, Sixth Indiana, 66; Lyman S. Widney to his parents, 23 August 1863, Widney Letters, CCNMP; Talbot Diary, 16 August 1863, SRNB; Bergun H. Brown to his parents, 24 August 1863, Brown Papers, IHS; Robinson Diary, 16 August 1863, Regimental Papers, WRHS; J. Grosskopf to Edward Ruger, 23 June 1867, Ruger Correspondence, Thomas Papers, NARA; Kiene, Journal, 166; Stahl Diary, 16 August 1863, BGSU; Cope, Fifteenth Ohio, 298; Pickering Diary, 16 August 1863, HL; Welk Diary, 16 August 1863, BGSU; Davidson, Battery A, 80. The cashiered officer was 2nd Lt. Harvey H. John, Forty-Ninth Ohio Infantry regiment.
19. Lytle, For Honor, 194; Austin Diary, 16 August 1863, ALPL; Simonds Diary, 16 August 1863, Simonds Papers, NIU; Burns Diary, 16 August 1863, CCNMP; Crippin, “Diary,” 278; Lamb Diary, 16 August 1863, CCNMP; Pecoy Diary, 16 August 1863, CCNMP; Chauncy H. Peck to his brother, 16 August 1863, Peck Letters, CCNMP; Otto, 11th Indiana Battery, 34; Riley, Diary, 52; Tabler Diary, 16 August 1863, private collection; William D. Hynes to his father, 16 August 1863, Hynes Letters, ISL; OR 30(3):52; Alfred Pirtle to “Dear Jim,” 19 August 1863, Pirtle Papers, FHS; Newton Jones to his father, 15 August 1863, Jones Papers, WHS; Morledge Diary, 16 August 1863, KMNMP; Newlin, Seventy-Third Illinois, 203; Webster Diary, 16 August 1863, Civil War Miscellaneous Collection, USAHEC; Clark Diary, 16 August 1863, Clark Papers, USAHEC; Henry C. Taylor to his brother, 16 August 1863, Taylor Papers, WHS; Schotts Diary, 16 August 1863, SRNB.
20. Thoms to Guthrie, 16 August 1863, Goddard to Johnson, 16 August 1863, Bond to Thomas, 16 August 1863 (two messages), Thoms to Thomas, 16 August 1863, Goddard to Sheridan, 16 August 1863, Bond to Sheridan, 16 August 1863, Goddard to Innes, 16 August 1863 (two messages), Bond to Beggs, 16 August 1863, Thompson to Beggs, 16 August 1863, Thoms to Granger, 16 August 1863, Rosecrans to Lorenzo Thomas, 16 August 1863, all in DC, Telegrams Sent, NARA; SOR 87:118, 121; Johnston, Soldier Boy, 52; OR 30(3):46–47, 52; Kirk, Fifteenth Pennsylvania Cavalry, 226; Frankenberry Diary, 16 August 1863, WVU; Roseberry Diary, 16 August 1863, EU; OR 30(1):929; Meredith Diary, 16 August 1863, Harrisburg Civil War Roundtable Collection, USAHEC.
21. Hinchberger Diary, 17 August 1863, CCNMP; Millen Diary, 17 August 1863, SRNB; Gibson, Seventy-Eighth Pennsylvania, 83; Nupp Diary, 17 August 1863, CCNMP; Weaver Diary, 17 August 1863, SRNB; Dilworth Journal, 17 August 1863, HC; Shanks Diary, 17 August 1863, BGSU; Ward Diary, 17 August 1863, IHS and DP; Hapeman Diary, 17 August 1863, ALPL; Calkins, One Hundred and Fourth Illinois, 106–7; Harris Diary, 17 August 1863, CCNMP; Thornton, Gallantry, 156; Sturges Diary, 17 August 1863, Sturges Papers, Civil War Times Illustrated Collection, USAHEC; Turchin, “Diary,” 60; Williams, Extracts, 87; SOR 63:165, 177, 186; Horton, Eleventh Ohio, 97; Josiah D. Cotton to his wife, 18 August 1863, Cotton Papers, LC; Owen Diary, 17 August 1863, AU; George B. Turner to his father, 18 August 1863, Turner Papers, OHS; SOR 34:477; Ward Diary, 17 August 1863, Booth Papers, OHS; Phillips, Turchin, 99–100; John T. Booth, National Tribune, 25 September 1890; SOR 27:643, 648; OR 30(1):469; Mauzy, Sixty-Eighth Indiana, 10; High, Sixty-Eighth Indiana, 52; Gates Diary, 17 August 1863, IHS; Taylor Diary, 17 August 1863, SRNB; Alanson R. Ryman to Jane Ryman, 25 August 1863, Ryman Letters, IHS; Morse, Diaries, 31; Parker Diary, 17 August 1863, HL; Tourgee, “Diary,” 116; Essington, “Second Years History,” Essington Papers, IHS; Shera Diary, 17 August 1863, FHS; Floyd, Seventy-Fifth Indiana, 116–17; Miller Journal, 17 August 1863, IHS; Hollingsworth Diary, 17 August 1863, IHS; OR 30(3):58; Inskeep Diary, 17 August 1863, OHS; Wheeler Diary, 17 August 1863, OHS; DeVelling, Seventeenth Ohio, 73; Hunter, Eighty-Second Indiana, 53–54; Small Diary, 17 August 1863, IHS; Price Diary, 17 August 1863, Civil War Miscellaneous Collection, USAHEC; Everett F. Abbott to his mother, 17 August 1863, Chamberlain Papers, IHS; Keegan, Diaries, 21; Martling Diary, 17 August 1863, ISL; Donahower Account, 17 August 1863, Donahower Papers, MHS; Reed Diary, 17 August 1863, MHS; Bishop, Story, 91; Davidson Diary, 17 August 1863, NCWM; Albertson, Letters Home, Letter 99.
22. Arbuckle and Shook, Mountain Goat, 2–6; Griest Diary, 16–17 August 1863, CCNMP; Benefiel, Souvenir, Seventeenth Indiana, unpaginated; OR 30(1):445; Banta Diary, 17 August 1863, CCNMP; Kemper Diary, 17 August 1863, OHS; Records Diary, 17 August 1863, Records Manuscript Collection, ISL; Kitchell Diary, 17 August 1863, ALPL; Campbell Journal, 17 August 1863, CCNMP; Phillips, Diary, 23; Runion Diary, 17 August 1863, http://civilwar.illinoisgenweb.org/scrapbk/runiondiary2.html (23 March 2013); Brown Diary, 17 August 1863, ALPL; SOR 25:498, 552; Cort, Letters, 101; Caleb Carlton to his wife, 20 August 1863, Carlton Papers, LC; SOR 66:313, 321.
23. OR 30(1):625; Marshall Diary, 17 August 1863, OHS: Dewees Diary, 17 August 1863, CCNMP; Hines Diary, 17 August 1863, ISL; Hight, Fifty-Eighth Indiana, 167–68; Woodruff, Fifteen Years, 274; Hinman, Sherman Brigade, 406; Mallory Diary, 17 August 1863, HPL; Gillis Diary, 18 August 1863, OHS; Joseph Bruff to his wife, 20 August 1863, Bruff Letters, private collection; Emerson Opdycke to his wife, 20 August 1863, and Opdycke Diary, 17 August 1863, Opdycke Papers, OHS.
24. Busbey Diary, 17 August 1863, SRNB; Hyde Diary, 17 August 1863, KYHS; Botkin Diary, 17 August 1863, and George W. Botkin to his friends, 23 August 1863, Baker Correspondence, OHS; Mason Diary, 17 August 1863, SRNB; Connelly Diary, 17 August 1863, IHS; McKee Diary, 17 August 1863, http://mckee-burns.pasttracker.com/mckee/cw_mckee/mckee_robert_t_cw_diary_1 (15 June 2013); Harden, 90th Ohio, 90; Cutter, Our Battery, 129–30; 46:218; Johnston Diary, 17 August 1863, FHS; Suiter Diary, 17 August 1863, ALPL; Simmons, 84th Illinois, 70–71; Hannaford, Sixth Ohio, 441–42; Glisan Diary, 17 August 1863, CCNMP; Williams Diary, 17 August 1863, CCNMP; OR 30(3):61; Wright, Eighth Kentucky, 171–72; Woodcock, Southern Boy, 180; Benedict Diary, 17 August 1863, SRNB; Hurd Diary, 17 August 1863, private collection; Claggett Diary, 17 August 1863, CCNMP; Howe Diary, 17 August 1863, IHS; History, Seventy-Ninth Indiana, 82; Tilford Diary, 17 August 1863, FHS; Huntzinger Diary, 17 August 1863, http://www.lafavre.us/huntzinger/hunt_3.htm (23 May 2016).
25. OR 30(3):59, 961; Post Diary, 17 August 1863, KC; Mosman, Rough Side, 68; Lathrop, Fifty-Ninth Illinois, 212; SOR 25:37; Mayfield Diary, 17 August 1863, IU; SOR 87:40, 47, 67; William H. Ball to his brother, 25 August 1863, Farlin Q. Ball Letters, WHS; SOR 21:432; Colyer Diary, 17 August 1863, ALPL; Patterson Diary, 17 August 1863, MHM; SOR 23:19; Day, One Hundred and First Ohio, 142; Morris, Eighty-First Indiana, 52–53; SOR 43:663; SOR 22:49, 566; Himoe Diary, 17 August 1863, NAHA; “Scandinavian,” Wisconsin State Journal, 31 August 1863; SOR 88:5; SOR 33:549; Heg, Letters, 236; Stahl Diary, 17 August 1863, BGSU; Kiene, Journal, 166; Pickering Diary, 17 August 1863, HL; Welk Diary, 17 August 1863, BGSU; Thomas J. Harrison to his wife, 17 August 1863, Harrison Letters, IHS; Dean Diary, 17 August 1863, private collection; Widney Diary, 17 August 1863, KMNMP; Talbot Diary, 17 August 1863, SRNB; Bergun H. Brown to “Dear Folks at Home,” Brown Papers, IHS; Robinson Diary, 17 August 1863, Regimental Papers, WRHS; Doll, Sixth Indiana, 66; Lyon Diary, 17 August 1863, OHS; Moon Diary, 17 August 1863, KSHS; Beck Diary, 17 August 1863, KSHS; Shideler Diary, 17 August 1863, CCNMP; William McKean to his sister, 24 August 1863, McKean Letters, OHS; Ashmun Diary, August 1863, CCNMP.
26. OR 30(3):43, 54, 59, 61–62, 106; Mann Diary, 17 August 1863, in Chattanooga (Tenn.) Times, 25 April 1937; Pecoy Diary, 17 August 1863, CCNMP; Austin Diary, 17 August 1863, ALPL; John L. McBride to his mother, 17 August 1863, McBride Correspondence, NSHS; Luther Bradley to his wife, 17 August 1863, Bradley Papers, USAHEC; Morledge Diary, 17 August 1863, KMNMP; Hempstead Diary, 17 August 1863, UM-B; Thomas Diary, 16–17 August 1863, UT; Carter, First Tennessee Cavalry, 83; Merrill, Diary, 47; Persons Diary, 17 August 1863, WHS; Kendall Diary, 17 August 1863, HL; Harris Diary, 17 August 1863, IHS.
27. OR 30(1):920–21; Robert H. G. Minty, National Tribune, 25 February 1892; Vale, Minty, 205–10; Sipes, Seventh Pennsylvania Cavalry, 74–75; Haines, “Record,” UM-B; Robert Burns to “My Dear Davidson,” 25 August 1863, Burns Letter, MHS; Robertson, Michigan, 654; McLain Diary, 17 August 1863, ISHS; Pickerill, Third Indiana Cavalry, 57; OR 30(2):527; Lindsley, Annals, 2:658–59; Jordan and Pryor, Campaigns of Forrest, 296–98.
28. Weller Journal, 17 August 1863, Civil War Times Illustrated Collection, USAHEC; Kirk, Fifteenth Pennsylvania Cavalry, 226; Wilson, Column South, 82–83; Frankenberry Diary, 17 August 1863, WVU; Smith Diary, 17 August 1863, CCNMP; Drouillard to Innes, 17 August 1863 (two messages), Porter to Innes, 17 August 1863, Bond to Innes, 17 August 1863 (two messages), Bond to Burroughs, 17 August 1863 (two messages), Porter to Granger, 17 August 1863, Drouillard to Hodges, 17 August 1863, Thompson to Beggs, 17 August 1863, Thompson to Hunton, 17 August 1863, and Rosecrans to Lorenzo Thomas, 17 August 1863, all in DC, Telegrams Sent, NARA; OR 30(3):55–57; Roseberry Diary, 17 August 1863, EU; Porter Diary, 17 August 1863, OHS; Stewart, 52nd O.V.I., 52; Boon, Letters, 67; Charles R. Thompson CSR, NARA.
29. OR 30(3):68; Webster Diary, 18 August 1863, Civil War Miscellaneous Collection, USAHEC; Robert Newell Elder to his sister, 18 August 1863, Elder Letters, OHS; Kelsey M. Adams to his brother, 18 August 1863, Adams Letters, WHS; Hinkley Diary, 18 August 1863, Hinkley Papers, WHS; SOR 29:147; Clark Diary, 18 August 1863, Clark Papers, USAHEC; Johnston, Soldier Boy, 53; Shotts Diary, 18 August 1863, SRNB; Eben P. Sturges to his mother, 19 August 1863, and Sturges Diary, 18 August 1863, both in Sturges Papers, Civil War Times Illustrated Collection, USAHEC; Christian Diary, 18 August 1863, CCNMP; Johnston Diary, 18 August 1863, Johnston Collection, CHS; SOR 21:358; Gibson, Seventy-Eighth Pennsylvania, 83; Millen Diary, 18 August 1863, SRNB; Hinchberger Diary, 18 August 1863, CCNMP; Nupp Diary, 18 August 1863, CCNMP; Weaver Diary, 18 August 1863, SRNB; Dilworth Journal, 18 August 1863, HC; Shanks Diary, 18 August 1863, BGSU; Ward Diary, 18 August 1863, Ward Papers, DP; Blackburn, Letters, 136; John W. Baldwin to his wife, 19 August 1863, Baldwin Papers, OHS; Hapeman Diary, 18 August 1863, ALPL; Calkins, One Hundred and Fourth Illinois, 107–8; undated newspaper clipping, Marsh Family Papers, ALPL; Harris Diary, 18 August 1863, CCNMP; Carpenter Diary, 18 August 1863, SRNB.
30. OR 30(1):398, 469; OR 30(3):69; Floyd, Seventy-Fifth Indiana, 117; Miller Journal, 18 August 1863, IHS; Essington, “Second Years History,” Essington Papers, IHS; High, Sixty-Eighth Indiana, 52; Shera Diary, 18 August 1863, FHS; Tourgee, “Diary,” 116–17; Morse, Diaries, 31; Parker Diary, 18 August 1863, HL; Taylor Diary, 18 August 1863, SRNB; SOR 27:643; Andrew, Letters, 71; Josiah D. Cotton to his wife, 18 August 1863, Cotton Papers, LC; Ward Diary, 18 August 1863, Booth Papers, OHS; Owen Diary, 18 August 1863, AU; Price Diary, 18 August 1863, Civil War Miscellaneous Collection, USAHEC; Small Diary, 18 August 1863, IHS; Orville T. Chamberlain to his brother, 21 August 1863, Chamberlain Papers, IHS; Harry Van Derveer to his mother, 18 August 1863, and Ferdinand Van Derveer to his wife, 19 August 1863, both in Van Derveer Letters, SLRH; Keegan, Diaries, 21; Donahower Account, Donahower Papers, MHS; Albertson, Letters Home, Letter 99; Bishop, Story, 91; Reed Diary, 18 August 1863, MHS; Martling Diary, 18 August 1863, Martling Manuscript Collection, ISL; Bircher, Drummer-Boy, 69; Bruce Diary, 18 August 1863, ISL; Davidson Diary, 18 August 1863, NCWM; Inskeep Diary, 18 August 1863, OHS; Wheeler Diary, 18 August 1863, OHS; Frederick Marion to his sister, 21 August 1863, Marion Letters, ALPL; Hunter, Eighty-Second Indiana, 54.
31. Brown Diary, 18 August 1863, Civil War Times Illustrated Collection, USAHEC; Phillips, Diary, 23; SOR 25:498; John T. Wilder to his wife, 18 August 1863, Wilder Papers, UTC; Records Diary, 18 August 1863, and Reminiscences, Records Manuscript Collection, ISL; Kitchell Diary, 18 August 1863, ALPL; Connolly, Three Years, 114; Banta Diary, 18 August 1863, CCNMP; Kemper Diary, 18 August 1863, OHS; Campbell Journal, 18 August 1863, CCNMP; OR 30(3):69–70; Marshall Diary, 18 August 1863, OHS; Dewees Diary, 18 August 1863, CCNMP; Hines Diary, 18 August 1863, Hines Manuscript Collection, ISL.
32. OR 30(1) 625; Hight, Fifty-Eighth Indiana, 168; Woodruff, Fifteen Years, 274–75; Hinman, Sherman Brigade, 406; Mallory Diary, 18 August 1863, HPL; Gillis Diary, 18 August 1863, OHS; Emerson Opdycke to his wife, 20 August 1863, and Opdycke Diary, 18 August 1863, both in Opdycke Papers, OHS; Joseph Bruff to his wife, 20 August 1863, Bruff Letters, private collection; SOR 67:608; Clark, Tigers, 81; Caleb Carlton to his wife, 20 August 1863, Carlton Papers, LC.
33. Johnston Diary, 18 August 1863, FHS; SOR 34:218–19; Albert G. Hart to his wife, 20 August 1863, Hart Papers, WRHS; Busbey Diary, 18 August 1863, SRNB; Hyde Diary, 18 August 1863, KYHS; Botkin Diary, 18 August 1863, and George W. Botkin to his friends, 23 August 1863, Baker Correspondence, OHS; Connelly Diary, 18 August 1863, IHS; McKee Diary, 18 August 1863, http://mckee-burns.pasttracker.com/mckee/cw_mckee/mckee_robert_t_cw_diary_1 (15 June 2013); Mason Diary, 18 August 1863, SRNB; Dillman Diary, 18 August 1863, IU; Harden, 90th Ohio, 90; SOR 34:112; Glisan Diary, 18 August 1863, CCNMP; Hannaford, Sixth Ohio, 442; Williams Diary, 18 August 1863, CCNMP; Suiter Diary, 18 August 1863, ALPL; Walker Diary, 18 August 1863, Harrisburg Civil War Roundtable Collection, USAHEC; OR 30(3):70; Horatio Van Cleve to his wife, 18 August 1863, Van Cleve Papers, MHS; Benedict Diary, 18 August 1863, SRNB; Hurd Diary, 18 August 1863, private collection; History, Seventy-Ninth Indiana, 82; Tilford Diary, 18 August 1863, FHS; Huntzinger Diary, 18 August 1863, http://www.lafavre.us/huntzinger/hunt_3.htm (23 May 2016); Howe Diary, 18 August 1863, IHS; Andrew L. Gibson to John C. Jessup, 20 August 1863, Jessup Letters, IHS; Woodcock, Southern Boy, 180; Claggett Diary, 18 August 1863, CCNMP; Wright, Eighth Kentucky, 172.
34. Post Diary, 18 August 1863, KC; Charles F. Weller to “My Dear Kate,” 22 August 1863, Weller Letters, Civil War Times Illustrated Collection, USAHEC; James Harvey Houston to his mother and sister, 18 August 1863, Houston Letters, CCNMP; Mayfield Diary, 18 August 1863, IU; Herr, Nine Campaigns, 356; Mosman, Rough Side, 68; SOR 24:432; Society, Seventy-Fourth Illinois, Reunion Proceedings, 93, 103–4; Lathrop, Fifty-Ninth Illinois, 213; SOR 87:40; Dodd Diary, 18 August 1863, ALPL; SOR 21:515; Patterson Diary, 18 August 1863, ALPL; SOR 23:19; Colyer Diary, 18 August 1863, ALPL; Morris, Eighty-First Indiana, 53; Isaac P. Rule to his brother, 20 August 1863, Rule Letters, HPL; Day, One hundred and First Ohio, 142–43; Himoe Diary, 18 August 1863, NAHA; James K. Weir to his mother, 23 August 1863, CCNMP; Wisconsin State Journal, 31 August 1863; OR 30(3):115; Kiene, Journal, 166–67; Stahl Diary, 18 August 1863, BGSU; Cope, Fifteenth Ohio, 298–99; Pickering Diary, 18 August 1863, HL; Welk Diary, 18 August 1863, BGSU; Davidson, Battery A, 81; Dean Diary, 18 August 1863, private collection; Willoughby Diary, 18 August 1863, ISL; Widney Diary, 18 August 1863, KMNMP; Lyman S. Widney to his parents, 23 August 1863, CCNMP; Lyman S. Widney, National Tribune, 31 October 1901; Talbot Diary, 18 August 1863, SRNB; Bergun H. Brown to his family, 24 August 1863, Brown Papers, IHS; Robinson Diary, 18 August 1863, Regimental Papers, WRHS; SOR 62:498; Moon Diary, 18 August 1863, KSHS; Beck Diary, 18 August 1863, KSHS; Shideler Diary, 18 August 1863, CCNMP; Richards, Letters, 18; Lyon Diary, 18 August 1863, OHS; Protsman Diary, 18 August 1863, WSU.
35. Goddard to Innes, 18 August 1863, Bond to Innes, 18 August 1863 (four messages), Bond to Winslow, 18 August 1863 (two messages, Goddard to Starkweather, 18 August 1863, Bond to Granger, 18 August 1863, Bond to Chief Quartermaster, McMinnville, 18 August 1863, and Bond to Andrew Johnson, 18 August 1863, all in DC, Telegrams Sent, NARA; OR 30(3):67–68, 70; Le Duc, Recollections, 101; Innes to Rosecrans, 18 August 1863, DC, Letters Received, NARA; Drouillard Diary, 18 August 1863, Rosecrans Papers, UCLA; Garfield, Wild Life, 293; Smith, Garfield, 1:315–16; Henry H. Seys to his wife, 20 August 1863, Seys Letters, UM-C.
36. Drouillard Diary, 18 August 1863, Rosecrans Papers, UCLA; Garfield, Wild Life, 293; Morledge Diary, 18 August 1863, KMNMP; Newlin, Seventy-Third Illinois, 203; Woodall, Stevenson Story, 118; Larew Diary, 19 August 1863, IHS; Simonds Diary, 18 August 1863, Simonds Papers, NIU; Lamb Diary, 18 August 1863, CCNMP; Pecoy Diary, 18 August 1863, CCNMP; Cooley Diary, 18 August 1863, WHS; Austin Diary, 18 August 1863, ALPL; Burns Diary, 18 August 1863, CCNMP; Tabler Diary, 18 August 1863, private collection; Riley, Diary, 52; Lytle to Sheridan, 18 August 1863, Sheridan Papers, LC; OR 30(3):67, 69, 72; Bond to Lorenzo Thomas, 18 August 1863, DC, Telegrams Sent, NARA.
37. Clark Diary, 19 August 1863, Clark Papers, USAHEC; Johnston, Soldier Boy, 53; Hapeman Diary, 19 August 1863, ALPL; Calkins, One Hundred and Fourth Illinois, 108–9; SOR 29:206, 209; Harris Diary, 19 August 1863, CCNMP; Shotts Diary, 19 August 1863, SRNB; Christian Diary, 19 August 1863, CCNMP; Johnston Diary, 19 August 1863, Johnston Collection, CHS; Sturges Diary, 19 August 1863, Sturges Papers, Civil War Times Illustrated Collection, USAHEC; Gibson, Seventy-Eighth Pennsylvania, 83; Nupp Diary, 19 August 1863, CCNMP; Millen Diary, 19 August 1863, SRNB; Hinchberger Diary, 19 August 1863, CCNMP; Weaver Diary, 19 August 1863, SRNB; Dilworth Journal, 19 August 1863, HC; Shanks Diary, 19 August 1863, BGSU; SOR 65:690; Ward Diary, 19 August 1863, Ward Papers, DP; Miller Journal, 19 August 1863, IHS; Uriah J. Loop to his sister, 20 August 1863, Loop Letters, IHS; Hollingsworth Diary, 19 August 1863, IHS; Tourgee, “Diary,” 117; Morse, Diaries, 32; Parker Diary, 19 August 1863, HL; Ward Diary, 19 August 1863, Booth Papers, OHS; Owen Diary, 19 August 1863, AU; George B. Turner to his mother, 23 August 1863, Turner Papers, OHS; Phillips, Turchin, 100; SOR 34:477; SOR 63:162; OR 30(1):398; Inskeep Diary, 19 August 1863, OHS; Wheeling Diary, 19 August 1863, OHS; DeVelling, Seventeenth Ohio, 73; Frederick Marion to his sister, 21 August 1863, Marion Letters, ALPL; Hunter, Eighty-Second Indiana, 54; Price Diary, 19 August 1863, Civil War Miscellaneous Collection; USAHEC; Small Diary, 19 August 1863, IHS; Orville T. Chamberlain to his brother, 21 August 1863, Chamberlain Papers, IHS; Bruce Diary, 19 August 1863, ISL; Keegan, Diaries, 21; Martling Diary, 19 August 1863, Martling Manuscript Collection, ISL; Donahower Account, 19 August 1863, Donahower Papers, MHS; Judson Bishop to his brother, 22 August 1863, Bishop Papers, MHS; Albertson, Letters Home, Letter 100; Reed Diary, 19 August 1863, MHS; Davidson Diary, 19 August 1863, NCWM; Bircher, Drummer-Boy, 69; Roseberry Diary, 19 August 1863, EU; Bond to Reynolds, 19 August 1863, Goddard to Thomas, 19 August 1863, and Goddard to Simmons, 19 August 1863, all in DC, Telegrams Sent, NARA; OR 30(3):75–78.
38. OR 30(1):445; OR 30(3):78, 87; Wilder, “Preliminary Movements,” 1–2; McGee, 72nd Indiana, 144–45; Records Diary, 19 August 1863, and Reminiscences, Records Manuscript Collection, ISL; Phillips, Diary, 23; Brown Diary, 19 August 1863, ALPL; SOR 25:498; King, Three Years, 105–6; Cort, Letters, 101; Kitchell Diary, 19 August 1863, ALPL; Connolly, Three Years, 114–15; Banta Diary, 19 August 1863, CCNMP; Kemper Diary, 19 August 1863, OHS; Campbell Journal, 19 August 1863, CCNMP; Brent to Allin, 11 August 1863, Bragg Papers, WRHS.
39. OR 30(1):617, 625–26; Marshall Diary, 19 August 1863, OHS; Dewees Diary, 19 August 1863, CCNMP; Hines Diary, 19 August 1863, Hines Manuscript Collection, ISL; Kerwood, Fifty-Seventh Indiana, 199–200; Hight, Fifty-Eighth Indiana, 168; Woodruff, Fifteen Years, 275; SOR 67:608; Emerson Opdycke to his wife, 20 August 1863, and Opdycke Diary, 19 August 1863, Opdycke Papers, OHS; Mallory Diary, 19 August 1863, HPL; Gillis Diary, 21 August 1863, OHS; Busbey Diary, 19–20 August 1863, SRNB; Hyde Diary, 19 August 1863, KYHS; Botkin Diary, 19 August 1863, and George W. Botkin to his friends, 23 August 1863, Baker Correspondence, OHS; SOR 34:66, 112–13, 219, 288, 439; Connelly Diary, 19 August 1863, IHS; McKee Diary, 19 August 1863, http://mckee-burns.pasttracker.com/mckee/cw_mckee/mckee_robert_t_cw_diary_1 (15 June 2013); Mason Diary, 19 August 1863, SRNB; Harden, 90th Ohio, 90; SOR 66:372; Cutter, Our Battery, 130; OR 30(3):78–79; Chapin, “Diary,” 231; Johnston Diary, 19 August 1863, FHS; G. W. Hodges to “Marana,” 31 August 1863, Hodges Papers, WRHS; Albert G. Hart to his friends, 23 August 1863, Hart Papers, WRHS; Glisan Diary, 19 August 1863, CCNMP; SOR 62:786; Hannaford, Sixth Ohio, 442; Williams Diary, 19 August 1863, CCNMP; Suiter Diary, 19 August 1863, ALPL; Simmons, 84th Illinois, 71–72; Walker Diary, 19 August 1863, Harrisburg Civil War Roundtable Collection, USAHEC; Palmer Journal, 19 August 1863, CCNMP; Benedict Diary, 19 August 1863, SRNB; History, Seventy-Ninth Indiana, 82–83; Tilford Diary, 19 August 1863, FHS; Huntzinger Diary, 19 August 1863, http://www.lafavre.us/huntzinger/hunt_3.htm (23 May 2016); Howe Diary, 19 August 1863, IHS; Woodcock, Southern Boy, 180–81; Brasher Diary, 19 August 1863, CCNMP; Claggett Diary, 19 August 1863, CCNMP; Morgan and Murphy, 7th Independent Battery, 21; Wright, Eighth Kentucky, 172; Moses F. Yoder to unknown correspondent, 25 August 1863, Yoder Papers, LC.
40. OR 30(3):37, 115; Post Diary, 19 August 1863, Post Papers, KC; Mayfield Diary, 19 August 1863, IU; SOR 24:432; Mosman, Rough Side, 68–69; Society, Seventy-Fourth Illinois, Reunion Proceedings, 93–94; Lathrop, Fifty-Ninth Illinois, 213; SOR 25:37; SOR 87:40; Dodd Diary, 19 August 1863, Dodd Papers, ALPL; SOR 21:515; Colyer Diary, 19 August 1863, ALPL; William P. Carlin, National Tribune, 2 April 1885; Patterson Diary, 19 August 1863, MHM; SOR 23:19; Morris, Eighty-First Indiana, 53–54; Day, One Hundred and First Ohio, 143; Isaac P. Rule to his brother, 20 August 1863, Rule Letters, HPL; Himoe Diary, 19 August 1863, NAHA; Wisconsin State Journal, 31 August 1863; Burt to Assistant Quartermaster, 19 August 1863, Davis Papers, IHS; Kiene, Journal, 167; Stahl Diary, 19 August 1863, BGSU; Cope, Fifteenth Ohio, 299; Pickering Diary, 19 August 1863, HL; Welk Diary, 19 August 1863, BGSU; Davidson, Battery A, 81; Willoughby Diary, 19 August 1863, Willoughby Collection, ISL; Dean Diary, 19 August 1863, private collection; Widney Diary, 19 August 1863, KMNMP; Lyman S. Widney to his parents, 23 August 1863, Widney Letters, CCNMP; Lyman S. Widney, National Tribune, 31 October 1901; Talbot Diary, 19 August 1863, SRNB; Bergun H. Brown to his family, 24 August 1863, Brown Papers, IHS; Robinson Diary, 19 August 1863, Regimental Papers, WRHS; SOR 62:498; Shideler Diary, 19 August 1863, CCNMP; Richards, Letters, 18; Demoret, Ninety-Third Ohio, 19–20; Lyon Diary, 19 August 1863, OHS; Moon Diary, 19 August 1863, KSHS; Beck Diary, 19–20 August 1863, KSHS; Protsman Diary, 19 August 1863, WSU; Wagner Reminiscences, 19 August 1863, Civil War Times Illustrated Collection, USAHEC; Meredith Diary, 19 August 1863, Harrisburg Civil War Roundtable Collection, USAHEC; McCullough Diary, 19 August 1863, ISL; Schwartz, Diary, 28; William M. Parkinson to his brother, 22 August 1863, Parkinson Papers, OHS; OR 30(1):929.
41. Cooley Diary, 19 August 1863, WHS; Lamb Diary, 19 August 1863, CCNMP; Pecoy Diary, 19 August 1863, CCNMP; Sherman, Quest, 60; Burns Diary, 19 August 1863, CCNMP; Tabler Diary, 19 August 1863, private collection; John Wilcox to his wife, 19 August 1863, Wilcox Letters, CCNMP; Crippin, “Diary,” 278; Newlin, Seventy-Third Illinois, 204; Morledge Diary, 19 August 1863, KMNMP; Persons Diary, 19 August 1863, WHS; Newton Jones to his father, 21 August 1863, Jones Papers, WHS; OR 30(3):74–75, 77–78, 80–81, 106; Charles A. Smith Diary, 19 August 1863, CCNMP; Frankenberry Diary, 19 August 1863, WVU; Kirk, Fifteenth Pennsylvania Cavalry, 226–27; Weller Journal, 19 August 1863, Civil War Times Illustrated Collection, USAHEC; Wilson, Column South, 83; Bond to Reynolds, 19 August Drouillard to Parsons, 19 August 1863, Rosecrans to Granger, 19 August 1863, and Thoms to Lorenzo Thomas, 19 August 1863, all in DC, Telegrams Sent, NARA.
42. OR 30(3):77, 86–87; Carpenter Diary, 20 August 1863, SRNB; Clark Diary, 20 August 1863, Clark Papers, USAHEC; Johnston, Soldier Boy, 53; Henry C. Taylor to his brother, 20 August 1863, Taylor Letters, WHS; Galpin Diary, 20 August 1863, Galpin Family Papers, WHS; Wilcox Diary, 20 August 1863, Wiley Sword Collection, USAHEC; Hough, Soldier, 127; Hapeman Diary, 20 August 1863, ALPL; Harris Diary, 20 August 1863, CCNMP; Shotts Diary, 20 August 1863, SRNB; Christian Diary, 20 August 1863, CCNMP; Johnston Diary, 20 August 1863, Johnston Collection, CHS; Sturges Diary, 20 August 1863, Sturges Papers, Civil War Times Illustrated Collection, USAHEC; Millen Diary, 20 August 1863, SRNB; Hinchberger Diary, 20 August 1863, CCNMP; Weaver Diary, 20 August 1863, SRNB; Ward Diary, 20 August 1863, Ward Papers, DP; William R. Stookey to “Dear and Loving Wife,” 20 August 1863, Stookey Letters, IHS; Owen Diary, 20 August 1863, AU; Miller Journal, 20 August 1863, IHS; Uriah J. Loop to his sister, 20 August 1863, Loop Letters, IHS; Hollingsworth Diary, 20 August 1863, IHS; Tourgee, “Diary,” 117; Morse, Diaries, 32; George B. Turner to his mother, 23 August 1863, Turner Papers, OHS; Parker Diary, 20 August 1863, HL; Inskeep Diary, 20 August 1863, OHS; Wheeler Diary, 20 August 1863, OHS; Price Diary, 20 August 1863, Civil War Miscellaneous Collection, USAHEC; Small Diary, 20 August 1863, IHS; Whit Isreal to his wife, 20 August 1863, Isreal Letters, CCNMP; Martling Diary, 20 August 1863, Martling Manuscript Collection, ISL; Keegan, Diaries, 21; Bircher, Drummer-Boy, 70; Bishop, Story, 91; Reed Diary, 20 August 1863, MHS; Davidson Diary, 20 August 1863, NCWM; McClave Diary, http://www.89thohio.com/Mcclave/mcclave02.htm (5 May 2012); Caleb Carlton to his wife, 20 August 1863, Carlton Papers, LC.
43. OR 30(3):87, 90–91; SOR 34:219, 241; Johnston Diary, 20 August 1863, FHS; SOR 28:12; Hannaford, Sixth Ohio, 442; SOR 62:769; Glisan Diary, 20 August 1863, CCNMP; OR 30(1):445; Griest Diary, 19–20 August 1863, CCNMP; McGee, 72nd Indiana, 145–47; Records Diary, 20 August 1863, and Reminiscences, Records Manuscript Collection, ISL; King, Three Years, 106–7; Cort, Letters, 101; SOR 25:498; Brown Diary, 20 August 1863, Civil War Times Illustrated Collection, USAHEC; Ninety-Second Illinois, 96; Kitchell Diary, 20 August 1863, ALPL; Banta Diary, 20 August 1863, CCNMP; Kemper Diary, 20 August 1863, OHS; Campbell Journal, 20 August 1863, CCNMP.
44. Palmer Journal, 19 August 1863, CCNMP; OR 30(3):91–92; Busbey Diary, 20 August 1863, SRNB; Hyde Diary, 20 August 1863, KYHS; Botkin Diary, 20 August 1863, Baker Correspondence, OHS; Mason Diary, 20 August 1863, SRNB; Connelly Diary, 20 August 1863, IHS; Harden, 90th Ohio, 90; Williams Diary, 20 August 1863, CCNMP; Walker Diary, 20 August 1863, Harrisburg Civil War Roundtable Collection, USAHEC; Suiter Diary, 20 August 1863, ALPL; Willis Jones to his wife, 20 August 1863, Jones Papers, NC; OR 30(1):626, 679; Woodruff, Fifteen Years, 275–76; SOR 27:587; Joseph Bruff to his wife, 20 August 1863, Bruff Letters, private collection; Marshall Diary, 20 August 1863, OHS; Dewees Diary, 20 August 1863, CCNMP; Hines Diary, 20 August 1863, Hines Manuscript Collection, ISL; Kerwood, Fifty-Seventh Indiana, 200; Hudson, “Anderson Road,” 165; Baumgartner, Yankee Tigers II, 86; Hight, Fifty-Eighth Indiana, 168–69; Hinman, Sherman Brigade, 407–8; Benedict Diary, 20 August 1863, SRNB; Hurd Diary, 20 August 1863, private collection; Howe Diary, 20 August 1863, IHS; History, Seventy-Ninth Indiana, 83; Claggett Diary, 20 August 1863, CCNMP; Tilford Diary, 20 August 1863, FHS; Huntzinger Diary, 20 August 1863, http://www.lafavre.us/huntzinger/hunt_3.htm (23 May 2016); Wright, Eighth Kentucky, 173–74; Horatio Van Cleve to his wife, 20 August 1863, Van Cleve Papers, MHS.
45. Kirk, Fifteenth Pennsylvania Cavalry, 227; Weller Journal, 20 August 1863, Civil War Times Illustrated Collection, USAHEC; Crofts, Third Ohio Cavalry, 111; Prickitt, Company H, 100; Feagles Diary, 20 August 1863, CCNMP; Crane Diary, 20 August 1863, Thomas Papers, NARA; Crane Diary, 20 August 1863, CIHS; Pape-Findley, Fourth Ohio Cavalry, 153; Curry, Four Years, 107; O. O. Smith to Edward Ruger, 27 April 1867, Ruger Correspondence, Thomas Papers, NARA; John C. Fleming to his sister, 28 August 1863, Fleming Letters, NL; Porter Diary, 20 August 1863, OHS; Stewart, 52nd O.V.I., 52; Holmes, Then and Now, 4, 117, 119; Thomas M. Burns to his father, 9 September 1863, Burns Letters, VT; Aten, Eighty-Fifth Illinois, 97–98; Kinnear, Eighty-Sixth Illinois, 19; Putney Diary, 20 August 1863, KMNMP; Post Diary, 20 August 1863, Post Papers, KC; Mayfield Diary, 20 August 1863, IU; Mosman, Rough Side, 69; Lathrop, Fifty-Ninth Illinois, 213; Society, Seventy-Fourth Illinois, Reunion Proceedings, 94; SOR 87:40; Dodd Diary, 20 August 1863, Dodd Papers, ALPL; Colyer Diary, 20 August 1863, ALPL; Patterson Diary, 20 August 1863, MHM; Isaac P. Rule to his brother, 20 August 1863, Rule Letters, HPL; Morris, Eighty-First Indiana, 54; SOR 66:685; SOR 43:671; Heg, Letters, 237; Himoe Diary, 20 August 1863, NAHA; Wisconsin State Journal, 31 August 1863; SOR 22:574; SOR 33:550; SOR 87:67; William H. Ball to his brother, 20 August 1863, Ball Letters, USAHEC; Widney Diary, 20 August 1863, KMNMP; Lyman S. Widney to his parents, 23 August 1863, Widney Letters, CCNMP; Lyman S. Widney, National Tribune, 31 October 1901; Talbot Diary, 20 August 1863, SRNB; Bergun H. Brown to his family, 24 August 1863, Brown Papers, IHS; Robinson Diary, 20 August 1863, Regimental Papers, WRHS; SOR 62:498; Cope, Fifteenth Ohio, 299; Kiene, Journal, 167; Stahl Diary, 20 August 1863, BGSU; Pickering Diary, 20 August 1863, HL; Welk Diary, 20 August 1863, BGSU; Davidson, Battery A, 82; Shideler Diary, 20 August 1863, CCNMP; Lyon Diary, 20 August 1863, OHS; Moon Diary, 20 August 1863, KSHS; Beck Diary, 20 August 1863, KSHS; Protsman, Diary, 20 August 1863, WSU; Doll, Sixth Indiana, 66–67; Briant, Sixth Indiana, 220–22; Holm, Fifth Indiana Battery, 27; Richards, Letters, 18; Henry Richards to his father, 29 August 1863, Gilbert-Richards Papers, MU; Alpheus S. Bloomfield to his father, 23 August 1863, Bloomfield Letters, OHS; Meredith Diary, 20 August 1863, Harrisburg Civil War Roundtable Collection, USAHEC; McCullough Diary, 20 August 1863, ISL; Schwartz, Diary, 28.
46. Cooley Diary, 20 August 1863, WHS; Pecoy Diary, 20 August 1863, CCNMP; Eugene E. Comstock to his parents, 15 August 1863, Comstock Papers, WHS; Austin Diary, 20 August 1863, ALPL; Burns Diary, 20 August 1863, CCNMP; Tabler Diary, 20 August 1863, private collection; Crippin, “Diary,” 279; Simonds Diary, 20 August 1863, Simonds Papers, NIU; Riley, Diary, 52; Frank J. Jones to his parents, 21 August 1863, Jones Papers, CIHS; Kirk, Fifteenth Pennsylvania Cavalry, 227; Wilson, Column South, 84; Frankenberry Diary, 20 August 1863, WVU; William P. Carlin, National Tribune, 2 April 1885.
47. Goddard to Bruce, 20 August 1863, Goddard to Lytle, 20 August 1863, Goddard to Dickson, 20 August 1863, Thoms to Sheridan, 20 August 1863, and Goddard to Negley, 20 August 1863, all in DC, Telegrams Sent, NARA; OR 30(3):84–85, 89; Boon, Letters, 65–67. An additional contributor to the tension at Stevenson may have been the forced removal of certain females from the area. According to Charles Johnston of the Seventy-Ninth Indiana Infantry regiment, a visitor waiting to join his command, “Bragg left all the old strumpets behind when he crossed the River. The boys says the mountains was full of them when they came here first. They gathered up a car load or two and sent them off.” Charles W. Johnston to his wife, 23 August 1863, Johnston/Rhoades Family Correspondence, UND. See also J. W. M., Cincinnati Commercial, 9 September 1863.
48. OR 30(3):83, 88, 92; Thoms to Halleck, 20 August 1863, and Thoms to Burnside, 20 August 1863, both in DC, Telegrams Sent, NARA.
1. Cumming, Kate, 129–30.
2. Roberts Diary, 16–18 August 1863, private collection; George Lea to his father, 18 August 1863, Lea Family Papers, USAHEC; Brent to Hughes, 15 August 1863, Brent to Forrest, 17 August 1863, and Falconer to Polk, 17 August 1863, all in Bragg Papers, WRHS; OR 30(4):502, 519.
3. OR 23(2):964–65; Brent to Buckner, 20 August 1863, Bragg Papers, WRHS; Brent to Buckner, 20 August 1863, Buckner Papers, HL.
4. Freeman Diary, 13 August 1863, TSLA; Sykes, Walthall’s Brigade, 525–26; Bragg to Joseph E. Brown, 15 August 1863, and Bragg to Seddon (telegram), 15 August 1863, both in Bragg Letters, NARA; Brent to Anderson, 16 August 1863, A. A. G. to S. A. M. Wood, 17 August 1863, Brent to Presstman, 17 August 1863, and A. A. G. to General [D. H. Hill], 17 August 1863, all in Bragg Papers, WRHS.
5. A. A. G. to General [D. H. Hill], 17 August 1863, Bragg Papers, WRHS; Darst, “Robert Hodges, Jr.,” 37–38; Oldham Diary, 5 August 1863, CCNMP; Blanton and Cook, They Fought Like Demons, 9–19, 68–70, 153–54, 176–83, 197; Leonard, All the Daring, 252–62; Richmond Examiner, 16 July 1863 and 16 September 1863; Chattanooga (Tenn.) Daily Rebel, 4 and 6 August 1863; Ridley, Battles and Sketches, 495. Velazquez tells her own story in The Woman in Battle: A Narrative of the Exploits, Adventures and Travels of Madame Loreta Janeta Velazquez, Otherwise Known as Lieutenant Harry T. Buford, Confederate States Army. According to Velazquez, she was released from Castle Thunder in Richmond and sent south by Provost Marshal Charles Winder with fake dispatches for Maj. Gen. Earl Van Dorn in order to test her. The Richmond papers indicate her release came in July 1863, but Van Dorn had been dead since March of that year. Therefore her claim to have delivered the fake dispatches to Van Dorn personally after a delay at Charlotte, North Carolina, was clearly false. She was witnessed at Chattanooga and Tyner’s Station in early August in both newspaper and soldier accounts. She speaks glowingly of Brig. Gen. Frank Armstrong of Forrest’s Cavalry Division, and indeed her alleged fiancé, Thomas DeCaulp, was a member of the Third Arkansas Cavalry, one of Armstrong’s units. Again, according to newspaper accounts, she was back in Richmond by mid-September, although her own testimony indicates that she accompanied Longstreet’s Corps from Charlotte to Atlanta during the same time period. From there she once more sought to find Thomas DeCaulp. According to his CSR, Thomas DeCaulp deserted to the Federals on 14 September and was quickly sent north. Thomas DeCaulp CSR, NARA. The story told by Velazquez, however, is that she married DeCaulp in Atlanta but that he soon died in a Federal hospital in Chattanooga. In truth, he was serving in the Federal army in Minnesota. With so much of her story false, it is impossible to surmise what her actual purpose was in coming to Chattanooga in August 1863, but she clearly was there for several weeks. Velazquez’s amazing life has been painstakingly reconstructed by William C. Davis in Inventing Loreta Velasquez: Confederate Soldier Impersonator, Media Celebrity, and Con Artist. Surprisingly, Davis does not credit her visit to Chattanooga and Tyner’s Station as factual, although the Bragg Papers, Hodges letter, Oldham Diary, and Daily Rebel of 6 August 1863 all confirm it.
6. OR 30(4):500–501, 505, 507, 518, 574; OR 23(2):915, 923, 953; George Knox Miller to “My dear Cellie,” 15 September 1863, Miller Letters, UNC; Compiled Service Records of Confederate Soldiers Who Served in Military Organizations Raised Directly by the Confederate Government, Third Confederate Cavalry, Muster Roll, 30 April–31 December 1863, Companies A, B, C, G, I, NARA; C. W. Love to his parents, 15 August 1863 and 20 August 1863, Love Family Letters, TCU; John W. Hill to his sister, 15 August 1863, Hill Papers, UTX; OR 23(1):847; OR 30(2):527; Jordan and Pryor, Campaigns of Forrest, 296; P. B. Clark to his uncle, 7 August 1863, Wells Papers, UNC.
7. Leonidas Polk to Susan Rayner, 15 August 1863, Polk Papers, US; OR 30(4):518; Etter Diary, 15–16 August 1863, SRNB; Magee Diary, 15 and 17 August 1863, DU; Brown Notebook, 16 August 1863, CCNMP; Owen, “Confederate Surgeon,” 148; Newton N. Davis to his wife, 23 July 1863, Davis Letters, ADAH; C. Irving Walker to Ada Sinclair, 16 August 1863, Walker Letters, Regimental Papers, WRHS; Manigault, Carolinian, 78; Daniel Diary, 16 August 1863, Civil War Miscellaneous Collection, USAHEC; Freeman Diary, 20 August 1863, TSLA; Fraser Diary, 15 August 1863, CCNMP; Rand Diary, 15–17 August 1863, MDAH; John Crittenden to his wife, 16 August 1863, Crittenden Letters, UTX.
8. Special Orders, No. 152, Hardee’s Corps, Special Orders, Circulars, and General Orders, NARA; OR 30(4):503; Alfred M. Peterson to his aunt, 21 August 1863, Peterson Letter, CCNMP.
9. OR 30(4):503, 523; SOR 26:276; SOR 91:208, 424; Sparkman Diary, 17 August 1863, BPL; Seaton, Bugle, 37–38; Heartsill, Fourteen Hundred, 141; SOR 58:62; Coleman Diary, 11 August 1863, UNC; Sterling A. M. Wood to his wife, 19 August 1863, Wood Papers, ADAH; Talbert Holt to his wife, 15 August 1863, Holt Letters, Partin Papers, AU; Bodenhamer Memoirs, 20 August 1863, TSLA; Moore Diary, 12 August 1863, UDC Collection, GDAH; Lindsley, Annals, 1:355; SOR 91:34; William D. Cole to his wife, 15 August 1863, Cole Letters, Civil War Miscellaneous Collection, USAHEC; Abram M. Glazener to his wife, 17 August 1863, Glazener Letters, Civil War Times Illustrated Collection, USAHEC.
10. OR 23(2):945–46, 948–49, 962; OR 30(4):521, 537; OR 23(1):839–42; Francis L. Wadsworth to his mother, 9 August 1863, CCNMP.
11. Seaton, Bugle, 38; Heartsill, Fourteen Hundred, 141–42; Bragg, Joe Brown’s Army, 68; Special Orders, No. 152, Hardee’s Corps, Special Orders, Circulars, and General Orders, NARA; SOR 26:276; SOR 91:208, 424; Alexander M. Moore to his brother, 19 August 1863, Sydenham Moore Family Papers, ADAH.
12. Brent to Forrest, 18 August 1863, Brent to Wheeler, 18 August 1863 (two messages), Brent to Polk, 19 August 1863, Brent to Hindman, 20 August 1863, and Brent to Polk, 20 August 1863, all in Bragg Papers, WRHS; OR 30(4):510; Brown Notebook, 19–20 August 1863, CCNMP; Magee Diary, 20 August 1863, DU; C. Irving Walker to Ada Sinclair, 22 August 1863, Walker Letters, Regimental Papers, WRHS; Thomas B. Hall to Bolling Hall Sr., 21 August 1863, Bolling Hall Family Papers, ADAH; Manigault, Carolinian, 91; SOR 88:804; SOR 89:145; Rand Diary, 20 August 1863, MDAH; Assistant Adjutant General to Cheatham and Hindman, 20 August 1863, Letters Sent, Polk’s Command, NARA; Daniel Diary, 21 August 1863, SRNB; Bodenhamer Memoirs, 20 August 1863, TSLA; James Searcy to his mother, 22 August 1863, Searcy Letters, ADAH.
13. Johnston Diary, 19 August 1863, J. Stoddard Johnston Military Papers, FHS; OR 30(4):520–21.
14. OR 30(4):503; Freeman Diary, 21 August 1863, TSLA; S. M. Cherry, “Church Leader,” Chattanooga (Tenn.) Free Press, 21 September 1938, CPL; S. J. A. Frazier, “Chickamauga,” Chattanooga (Tenn.) Lookout, 20 May 1909, clipping in CPL; S. J. A. Frazier, “Soldier,” Chattanooga (Tenn.) Times, 23 October 1921, clipping in CPL; Quintard, Doctor Quintard, 77; Cumming, Kate, 130.
1. OR 30(1):445; OR 30(3):120–22, 124; Benefiel, Souvenir, Seventeenth Indiana, unpaginated; Kemper Diary, 21 August 1863, OHS; SOR 25:498; Campbell Journal, 21 August 1863, CCNMP; McGee, 72nd Indiana, 147.
2. Connolly, Three Years, 115–17; Jerome B. Quinn, National Tribune, 4 October 1900; Chattanooga (Tenn.) Daily Rebel, 30 August 1863; OR 30(1):445; OR 30(3):123–24; Wilder, “Preliminary Movements,” 2; Gibson and Gibson, Dictionary of Transports, 89, 249; Map, Lilly Papers, LCA; Campbell Journal, 21 August 1863, CCNMP; Map, Campbell Journal, WC.
3. OR 30(1):445; OR 30(3):122–24; Wilder, “Preliminary Movements,” 2; Lilly Report, 1 September 1863, Lilly Papers, LCA; Campbell Journal, 21 August 1863, CCNMP. Wilder on 24 August 1863 identified the larger vessel as the Tennessee, and that designation was followed by Baumgartner (Blue Lightning, 129), but the vast majority of evidence, including Wilder’s subsequent statements, indicates that the vessel sunk at the Chattanooga wharf on 21 August 1863 was the Paint Rock. Raised by the Federals, the Paint Rock subsequently served the Army of the Cumberland after its withdrawal into Chattanooga following the Battle of Chickamauga. OR 30(3):890.
4. OR 30(3):120–21 and map; Ninety-Second Illinois, 96–97; Cort, Letters, 101–2; King, Three Years, 107; SOR 25:498–99; Kitchell Diary, 21 August 1863, ALPL.
5. OR 30(1):921; OR 30(3):90, 124–25; Vale, Minty, 211–14; Potter Diary, 21 August 1863, Potter Papers, UM-B; McLain Diary, 21 August 1863, ISHS.
6. Cumming, Kate, 130; Augusta (Ga.) Daily Constitutionalist, 5 September 1863; Rand Diary, 16 August 1863, MDAH; Brent to Allin, 11 August 1863 and 14 August 1863, and Brent to B. J. Hill, 14 August 1863, Bragg Papers, WRHS; OR 30(4):535–36; Memphis Daily Appeal, 10 September 1863 and 5 November 1863; Charleston (S.C) Mercury, 24 August 1863; Chattanooga (Tenn.) Daily Rebel, 30 August 1863; Otey, “Signal Corps,” 130. Some men from an Alabama infantry regiment, which served as the army’s provost guard in Chattanooga, may have been captured on the far bank of the river. Thomas Warrick to his wife, 9 August 1863, Warrick Papers, ADAH; Thomas B. Hall to Bolling Hall Sr., 22 August 1863, Bolling Hall Family Papers, ADAH.
7. Memphis Daily Appeal, 22 August 1863, reprinted in Augusta (Ga.) Daily Constitutionalist, 25 August 1863; Leonidas Polk to Frances Polk, 25 August 1863, Polk Papers, US; Quintard, Doctor Quintard, 77; S. J. A. Frazier, “Chickamauga,” Chattanooga (Tenn.) Lookout, 20 May 1909, clipping in CPL; S. J. A. Frazier, “Soldier,” Chattanooga (Tenn.) Times, 23 October 1921, clipping in CPL; Queenie Lee Rowles, “Stories,” Chattanooga (Tenn.) Times, 23 December 1906, clipping in CPL; Watterson, Autobiography, 2:308–9; Wall, Watterson, 42–43; Andrews, South Reports, 346n; Thomas H. McCallie, “Bragg Headquarters,” Chattanooga (Tenn.) Free Press, 21 September 1938, clipping in CPL; Zella Armstrong, “Mrs. Davenport,” Chattanooga (Tenn.) Times, 12 July 1937, clipping in CPL; Louisa Emma Corbin, “War Experience,” CPL; J. N. Heiskel to Glenn Tucker, 29 January 1962, and Glenn Tucker to J. N. Heiskel, 17 February 1962, Tucker Correspondence, CCNMP; Armstrong, Hamilton County, 2:21, 24–25; Newton N. Davis to Bettie Davis, 22 August 1863, Davis Letters, ADAH; Daniel L. Kelly to “Miss Lou Honnoll,” 28 August 1863, Honnoll Family Papers, EU; Chattanooga (Tenn.) Daily Rebel, 22 August 1863, reprinted in Atlanta Daily Intelligencer, 28 August 1863; Augusta (Ga.) Chronicle, 25 August 1863; Chattanooga (Tenn.) Daily Rebel, 22 August 1863, reprinted in Augusta (Ga.) Chronicle, 25 August 1863; Charleston (S.C) Mercury, 24 August 1863; Augusta (Ga.) Daily Constitutionalist, 25 August 1863; Macon (Ga.) Telegraph, 24 August 1863; U.S. Federal Census of 1860, Davidson County, Tennessee. Although two brief articles in Confederate Veteran claim that the mortally wounded child was named Higginbotham, contemporary newspaper accounts agree that she was a daughter of Francis G. Roach (or Roche) of Nashville, and the description of the Roach family in the 1860 census matches statements in other accounts of the tragedy. Smith, untitled, 164; Lewis, “Reminiscences,” 243.
8. James T. Searcy to George Searcy, 25 August 1863, Searcy Letters, ADAH; Lumsden Diary, 21 August 1863, ADAH; Moore Memoirs, CCNMP; Magee Diary, 21 August 1863, DU; OR 30(4):524–25; Polk to Hindman, 21 August 1863, Polk to Cheatham, 21 August 1863, Polk to Vaughan, 21 August 1863, and Polk to Mason, 21 August 1863, all in Letters Sent, Polk’s Command, NARA. According to records at CCNMP for September 1863, of the thirteen guns in the three batteries Polk sent into the Chattanooga works, only one was a rifled piece, a ten-pounder Parrott in Lumsden’s Battery. That gun alone had sufficient range to reach Lilly’s position, thereby accounting for the small number of return shots. Monument Inscriptions, CCNMP.
9. OR 30(4):523–24; SOR 79:407; Fraser Diary, 21 August 1863, CCNMP; Manigault, Carolinian, 91–92. Manigault claimed that as many as 100 wagons were lost on 21 August, although Wilder announced the capture of only four. OR 30(3):123. Col. Taylor Beatty, Hill’s judge advocate, acknowledged the loss of “several” wagons. Beatty Diary, 22 August 1863, UNC. At least some of the mules were saved by men from the Thirty-Ninth Alabama Infantry regiment. John R. Hurley to his sisters, 26 August 1863, Hurley Letters, VMI.
10. Thomas B. Hall to Bolling Hall Sr., 22 August 1863, and James A. Hall to Bolling Hall Sr., 26 August 1863, both in Bolling Hall Family Papers, ADAH.
11. OR 30(2):136; E. B. Rorie to his mother, 23 August 1863, Rorie Letter, CCNMP; Williamson, 45th Mississippi, 119–20; Coleman Diary, 11 August 1863, UNC; OR 30(4):534; Smith Diary, 21 August 1863, CCNMP; Armstrong Diary, 21 August 1863, ADAH; Sterling A. M. Wood to his wife, 19 August 1863, Wood Papers, ADAH; Augusta (Ga.) Daily Constitutionalist, 5 September 1863; Heartsill, Fourteen Hundred, 142; Sparkman Diary, 17 August 1863, BPL; Liddell, Record, 131, 133. According to a list prepared for Bragg in October, nine of the potential crossing points were above Harrison. J. C. Wrenshall, “Report of Reconnaissance, Fords and Ferries on Tennessee River between Harrison & Hiwassee River,” Bragg Papers, WRHS.
12. OR 30(4):532–34; Abram M. Glazener to his wife, 26 August 1863, Glazener Letters, USAHEC; Sparkman Diary, 21 August 1863, BPL; Estes Diary, 21 August 1863, MC; Bevens, Reminiscences, 40; SOR 14:276, 280; SOR 79:208, 221; Heartsill, Fourteen Hundred, 143; Seaton, Bugle, 38; Daniel Diary, 21 August 1863, SRNB; Dillon Diary, 21 August 1863, TSLA; OR 30(2):136–37; Hill, “Chickamauga,” in Battles and Leaders, 3:639–40.
13. Brent Diary, 21 August 1863, Bragg Papers, WRHS; OR 30(4):525; Rand Diary, 21–22 August 1863, MDAH; SOR 45:82, 84, 92, 156, 211; Record of Events, Third Confederate Cavalry regiment, NARA. Several of Anderson’s men took the movement order as an opportunity to desert. Richard B. Pittman to his wife, 7 [27] August 1863, Pittman Letters, CCNMP.
14. OR 30(4):523, 529, 531; Liddell, Record, 131, 133; Brent Diary, 21 August 1863, Bragg Papers, WRHS; Mackall to Hill, 22 August 1863, Hill Papers, LV; Aquila Wiley, draft article on strategy, Wiley Papers, WRHS.
15. OR 30(4):526–27; SOR 17:330; SOR 35:306, 310, 313, 315; Dugger Diary, Watauga (N.C.) Democrat, 14 May 1891.
16. OR 30(3):98–102; Rosecrans to Crittenden, 21 August 1863, Rosecrans to Kelton, 21 August 1863, Rosecrans to Burnside, 21 August 1863, Bond to Mr. Carter, 21 August 1863, Thoms to Lytle, 21 August 1863, and Thoms to Thomas, 21 August 1863, all in DC, Telegrams Sent, NARA.
17. OR 30(3):102; Alfred Pirtle to Hattie Pirtle, 21 August 1863, Pirtle Letters, FHS; Drouillard Diary, 21 August 1863, Rosecrans Papers, UCLA; Lytle, For Honor, 198–99; Cooley Diary, 21 August 1863, WHS; Simonds Diary, 21 August 1863, Simonds Papers, NIU; Burns Diary, 21 August 1863, CCNMP; Colburn/Gray Diary, 23 August 1863, private collection; Robert S. Walker, “Union Soldier’s Diary,” Chattanooga (Tenn.) Times, 25 April 1937, clipping in CPL; Beatty, Citizen, 321; Austin Diary, 21 August 1863, ALPL.
18. Rosecrans to Kelton, 21 August 1863, DC, Telegrams Sent, NARA; OR 30(3):109–10 [misdated 22 August]; “Summaries of the News,” 309, NARA; U.S. Federal Census, 1860 and 1870, Hamilton County, Tennessee; Union Provost Marshals’ Files, NARA.
19. OR 30(1):258, 398; Edward P. Burlingame, “History of L Co.,” Putnam Collection, MAC; Grebner, Ninth Ohio, 139; Martling Diary, 21 August 1863, Martling Manuscript Collection, ISL; Keegan, Diaries, 21–22; Robert Tribbett to his brother, 21 August 1863, Tribbett Letters, IHS; Albertson, Letters Home, Letter 100; Bishop, Story, 92; Reed Diary, 21 August 1863, MHS; Bircher, Drummer-Boy, 70; Judson Bishop to his brother, 22 August 1863, Bishop Papers, MHS; Donahower Account, 21 August 1863, Donahower Papers, MHS; Davidson Diary, 21 August 1863, NCWM; Ferdinand Van Derveer to his wife, 22 August 1863, Van Derveer Letters, SLRH; Shera Diary, 21 August 1863, FHS; High, Sixty-Eighth Indiana, 52; Gates Diary, 21 August 1863, IHS; SOR 29:796; Mauzy, Sixty-Eighth Indiana, 110; Miller Journal, 21 August 1863, IHS; Floyd, Seventy-Fifth Indiana, 118; Essington, “Second Years History,” Essington Papers, IHS; Tourgee, “Diary,” 117; Morse, Diaries, 32; SOR 67:125; Taylor Diary, 21 August 1863, SRNB; Hollingsworth Diary, 21 August 1863, IHS; SOR 30:521; SOR 27:643; Turchin, “Diary,” 60; George B. Turner to his mother, 23 August 1863, Turner Papers, OHS; Owen Diary, 21 August 1863, AU; Williams, Extracts, 87; SOR 63:166; SOR 34:477; Andrew, Letters, 71; SOR 648; OR 30(3):102, 104, 107, 114–16, 964–65; Kerwood, Fifty-Seventh Indiana, 201; Marshall Diary, 21 August 1863, OHS; SOR 28:12, 27; SOR 67:593; SOR 62:802; Glisan Diary, 21 August 1863, CCNMP; Robinson Diary, 21 August 1863, Regimental Papers, WRHS; Isaiah Decker to his parents, 27 August 1863, Decker Letters, SRNB; Obreiter, Seventy-Seventh Pennsylvania, 125; Bergun H. Brown to “Dear Friends at home,” 24 August 1863, Brown Papers, IHS; Lyman S. Widney, National Tribune, 31 October 1901; Widney Diary, 21 August 1863, KMNMP; Lyman S. Widney to his parents, 23 August 1863, Widney Letters, CCNMP; Talbot Diary, 21 August 1863, SRNB; Edward Grosskopff to Edward Ruger, 23 June 1867, Ruger Correspondence, Thomas Papers, NARA; Kiene, Journal, 167–68; Stahl Diary, 21 August 1863, BGSU; Cope, Fifteenth Ohio, 299; Pickering Diary, 21 August 1863, HL; Welk Diary, 21 August 1863, BGSU; Davidson, Battery A, 82; Chapin, “Diary,” 231; Willoughby Diary, 21 August 1863, Willoughby Manuscript Collection, ISL; Dean Diary, 21 August 1863, private collection; Lyon Diary, 21 August 1863, OHS; Moon Diary, 21 August 1863, KSHS; Beck Diary, 21 August 1863, KSHS; Protsman Diary, 21 August 1863, WSU; Shideler Diary, 21 August 1863, CCNMP; Ashmun Diary, August 1863, CCNMP; Doll, Sixth Indiana, 67; Crane Diary, 21 August 1863, CIHS; Prickitt, Company H, 100–101; Curry, Four Years, 107; Porter Diary, 21 August 1863, OHS; Holmes, Then and Now, 4, 117, 119–20; Stewart, 52nd O.V.I., 52; Thomas M. Burns to his father, 9 September 1863, Burns Letters, VT; Aten, Eighty-Fifth Illlinois, 98; Boon, Letters, 67; Kinnear, Eighty-Sixth Illinois, 19; Alexander M. Ayers to his wife, 21 August 1863, Ayers Papers, EU.
20. Judson Bishop to his brother, 22 August 1863, Bishop Papers, MHS; OR 30(3):113, 116–17; Simonds Diary, 22 August 1863, Simonds Papers, NIU; Tabler Diary, 22 August 1863, private collection; Bond to Innes, 22 August 1863, DC, Telegrams Sent, NARA; Crippin, “Diary,” 279.
21. OR 23(2):601–2; OR 30(3):110.
22. OR 52(1):433–34, 439. For a slightly different view of Lincoln’s 10 August 1863 letter, see Williams, Lincoln and His Generals, 275–77.
23. Rosecrans to Burnside, 22 August 1863, Rosecrans to Andrew Johnson, 22 August 1863 (two messages), Goddard to Simmons, 22 August 1863 (two messages), Thoms to Simmons, 22 August 1863, Goddard to Sweet, 22 August 1863, Thoms to Thompson, 22 August 1863, Goddard to Innes, 22 August 1863, 22 August 1863, Thoms to Hunton, 22 August 1863, and Goddard to Granger, 22 August 1863, all in DC, Telegrams Sent, NARA; Morton to Townsend, 14 August 1863, with Rosecrans endorsement, 21 August 1863, Letters Received, AGO, 1861–1870, NARA; OR 30(3):111–12, 126–27; Kelsey M. Adams to his brother, 24 August 1863, Adams Letters, WHS; Merrill to O’Connell, 22 August 1863, Burroughs Papers, NARA.
24. OR 30(3):120, 122, 135–36, 139; Records Diary and Reminiscences, 22 August 1863, Records Manuscript Collection, ISL; Campbell Journal, 22 August 1863, CCNMP; Lilly Report, 1 September 1863, Lilly Papers, LCA; Kemper Diary, 22 August 1863, OHS; Hazen, Narrative, 163; Kitchell Diary, 22 August 1863, ALPL.
25. John S. McGraw to his family, 23 August 1863, McGraw Letters, ISL; Hines Diary, 22 August 1863, Hines Manuscript Collection, ISL; Kerwood, Fifty-Seventh Indiana, 200–201; Marshall Diary, 22 August 1863, OHS; Dewees Diary, 22 August 1863, CCNMP; OR 30(3):101, 114–16, 118–20, 137; OR 30(1):439, 469, 652; Hight, Fifty-Eighth Indiana, 169; Woodruff, Fifteen Years, 278; Gates Diary, 22 August 1863, IHS; Miller Journal, 22 August 1863, IHS; Floyd, Seventy-Fifth Indiana, 118; Essington, “Second Years History,” Essington Papers, IHS; Parker Diary, 22 August 1863, HL; Hollingsworth Diary, 22 August 1863, IHS; SOR 27:643; Burns Diary, 22 August 1863, CCNMP.
26. Rosecrans to Kelton, 22 August 1863, DC, Telegrams Sent, NARA; OR 30(3):111, 113–14, 116, 118, 125, 966; Clark Diary, 22 August 1863, Clark Papers, USAHEC; Johnston, Soldier Boy, 53; Shotts Diary, 22 August 1863, SRNB; Hinchberger Diary, 22 August 1863, CCNMP; Dilworth Journal, 22 August 1863, HC; Harris Diary, 22 August 1863, CCNMP; Hapeman Diary, 22 August 1863, ALPL; Beatty, Citizen Soldier, 320–21; Ward Diary, 22 August 1863, Ward Papers, DP; Inskeep Diary, 22 August 1863, OHS; Wheeler Diary, 22 August 1863, OHS; Hunter, Eighty-Second Indiana, 54; Small Diary, 22 August 1863, IHS; Price Diary, 22 August 1863, Civil War Miscellaneous Collection, USAHEC; Shaw, Tenth Indiana, 211; Everett F. Abbott to his mother, 22 August 1863, Chamberlain Papers, IHS; John R. Dow to his brother, 22 August 1863, Dow Letters, FHS; Grebner, Ninth Ohio, 139; Davidson Diary, 22 August 1863, NCWM; Martling Diary, 22 August 1863, Martling Manuscript Collection, ISL; Reed Diary, 22 August 1863, CCNMP; Mosman, Rough Side, 69; Colyer Diary, 22 August 1863, ALPL; Kiene, Journal, 168; Stahl Diary, 22 August 1863, BGSU; Pickering Diary, 22 August 1863, HL; Welk Diary, 22 August 1863, BGSU; Cope, Fifteenth Ohio, 300; Davidson, Battery A, 82; Lyon Diary, 22 August 1863, OHS; Moon Diary, 22 August 1863, KSHS; Beck Diary, 22 August 1863, KSHS; Protsman Diary, 22 August 1863, WSU; Shideler Diary, 22 August 1863, CCNMP; William McKean to his sister, 24 August 1863, McKean Letters, OHS; Ashmun Diary, August 1863, CCNMP; Richards, Letters, 18–19; Doll, Sixth Indiana, 67; Robinson Diary, 22 August 1863, Regimental Papers, WRHS; Widney Diary, 22 August 1863, KMNMP; Lyman S. Widney to his parents, 23 August 1863, Widney Letters, CCNMP; Talbot Diary, 22 August 1863, SRNB; Busbey Diary, 22 August 1863, SRNB; Botkin Diary, 22 August 1863, Baker Correspondence, OHS; Connelly Diary, 22 August 1863, IHS; Williams Diary, 22 August 1863, CCNMP; Claggett Diary, 22 August 1863, CCNMP; Benedict Diary, 22 August 1863, SRNB; Nance and Bastian, “Old Bellefonte,” 17–21.
27. Bragg to Cooper, 22 August 1863, Letters and Telegrams Sent, Bragg, NARA; OR 30(4) 518, 529–31; OR 52(2):517; OR 24(3):1058; Hughes, Hardee, 159–60.
28. Brent Diary, 22 August 1863, Bragg Papers, WRHS; OR 30(4):531; Mackall to Hill, 22 August 1863, Hill Papers, LV; Bragg to Hill, 22 August 1863, Letters and Telegrams Sent, Bragg, NARA; Schroeder-Lein, Confederate Hospitals, 122; Moore Memoirs, CCNMP; Daniel L. Kelly to “Miss Lou Honnoll,” 28 August 1863, Honnoll Family Papers, EU; Andrews, South Reports, 347n; Armstrong, “Mrs. Davenport,” Chattanooga (Tenn.) Times, 12 July 1937, clipping in CPL; McCallie, “Bragg Headquarters,” Chattanooga (Tenn.) Free Press, 21 September 1938, clipping in CPL; Lumsden Diary, 22 August 1863, ADAH; Leonidas Polk to Frances Polk, 25 August 1863, Polk Papers, US; Paul, “Chattanooga Rebel,” 276.
29. William H. White, CSR, NARA; Rand Diary, 28 July and 23 August 1863, MDAH; Augusta (Ga.) Daily Constitutionalist, 29 August 1863.
30. Polk to Cheatham, 22 August 1863, and Polk to Hindman, 22 August 1863, both in Letters Sent, Polk’s Command, NARA; Rand Diary, 22 August 1863, MDAH; Freeman Diary, 22 August 1863, TSLA; Joseph W. Ward to his sister, 22 August 1863, Ward Letters, CSA Records, UTX; James R. Riggs to his sisters, 26 August 1863, Riggs Civil War Letters, ADAH; OR 30(4):532–34; E. B. Rorie to his mother, 23 August 1863, Rorie Letter, CCNMP; Armstrong Diary, 22 August 1863, ADAH; Heartsill, Fourteen Hundred, 143; Sparkman Diary, 22 August 1863, BPL; Warner, Generals in Gray, 53, 344.
31. OR 30(4):531–32, 534–35, 539; Bodenhamer Memoirs, 22–23 August 1863, TSLA; S. M. Cherry, “Church Leader,” Chattanooga (Tenn.) Free Press, 21 September 1938, clipping in CPL; Record of Events, Third Confederate Cavalry regiment, NARA.
32. OR 30(4):536–37; SOR 13:905, 909, 929; SOR 17:694; Samuel R. Miller to “Dear Cath,” 25 August 1863, Miller Family Papers, VHS; Bishop, “58th North Carolina,” 4; J. W. Dugger Diary, Watauga (N.C.) Democrat, 14 May 1891; SOR 35:306.
33. OR 30(3):123, 135–36; Records Diary and Reminiscences, 23 August 1863, Records Manuscript Collection, ISL; Kemper Diary, 23 August 1863, OHS; Campbell Journal, 23 August 1863, CCNMP; Brown Diary, 22–24 August 1863, ALPL; Brown Diary, 23 August 1863, Civil War Times Illustrated Collection, USAHEC; Phillips, Diary, 156.
34. OR 30(3):137–40; SOR 25:499, 529; Kitchell Diary, 23 August 1863, ALPL; McLain Diary, 22–23 August 1863, ISHS.
35. Garfield, Wild Life, 293; OR 30(3):111–12, 132, 142; Goddard to Innes, 23 August 1863 (two messages), Bond to Innes, 23 August 1863, Thoms to Simmons, 22 August 1863, Bond to Simmons, 23 August 1863, Drouillard to Simmons, 23 August 1863, Goddard to Granger, 23 August 1863, Goddard to Dick, 23 August 1863, Thoms to Granger, 23 August 1863, and Goddard to Johnson, 23 August 1863, all in DC, Telegrams Sent, NARA; Crofts, Third Ohio Cavalry, 110.
36. OR 30(3):99, 134–35, 141–43; Prickitt, Company H, 101; Crofts, Third Ohio Cavalry, 111; Curry, Four Years, 107; Pape-Findley, Fourth Ohio Cavalry, 153; Crane Diary, 23 August 1863, Thomas Papers, NARA; Crane Diary, 23 August 1863, CIHS; Thoms to Beggs, 23 August 1863, DC, Telegrams Sent, NARA; Alfred Pirtle to his parents, 25 August 1863, Pirtle Papers, FHS; Colburn/Gray Diary, 23 August 1863, private collection; Miller Journal, 23 August 1863, IHS.
37. OR 30(3):106, 132–33; Shotts Diary, 23 August 1863, SRNB; Christian Diary, 23 August 1863, CCNMP; Thornton, Gallantry, 159; Millen Diary, 23 August 1863, SRNB; Hinchberger Diary, 23 August 1863, CCNMP; Ward Diary, 23 August 1863, Ward Papers, DP; Ward Diary, 23 August 1863, IHS; Owen Diary, 23 August 1863, AU; Dilworth Journal, 23 August 1863, HC; Loyal B. Wort to his wife, 23 August 1863, Wort Letters, BGSU; Price Diary, 23 August 1863, Civil War Miscellaneous Collection, USAHEC; Bruce Diary, 23 August 1863, ISL; Reed Diary, 23 August 1863, MHS; Moody C. Tolman to F. H. Gross, 23 August 1863, Tolman Papers, MHS; Tourgee, “Diary,” 117; Parker Diary, 23 August 1863, HL; Hollingsworth Diary, 23 August 1863, IHS; Josiah D. Cotton to his wife, 23 August 1863, Cotton Papers, LC; Mosman, Rough Side, 69–70; Mayfield Diary, 23 August 1863, IU; Colyer Diary, 23 August 1863, ALPL; Kiene, Journal, 168; Pickering Diary, 23 August 1863, HL; Welk Diary, 23 August 1863, BGSU; Alpheus S. Bloomfield to his father, 23 August 1863, Bloomfield Letters, OHS; Robinson Diary, 22–23 August 1863, Regimental Papers, WRHS; Montraville Reeves to his brother, 23 August 1863, Reeves Papers, UI; Talbot Diary, 23 August 1863, SRNB; Moon Diary, 23 August 1863, KSHS; Beck Diary, 23 August 1863, KSHS; Hiram Strong to his wife, 23 August 1863, Strong Letters, CCNMP; Newlin, Seventy-Third Illinois, 205; Schwartz, Diary, 28–29; Larew Diary, 23 August 1863, IHS; Meredith Diary, 23 August 1863, Harrisburg Civil War Roundtable Collection, USAHEC; Woodruff, Fifteen Years, 278–79; Hight, Fifty-Eighth Indiana, 169–70; Hines Diary, 23 August 1863, Hines Manuscript Collection, ISL; Opdycke Diary, 23 August 1863, OHS; Joseph Bruff to Anna Bruff, 23 August 1863, Bruff Letters, private collection; Busbey Diary, 23 August 1863, SRNB; Botkin Diary, 23 August 1863, Baker Correspondence, OHS; Walker Diary, 23 August 1863, Harrisburg Civil War Roundtable Collection, USAHEC; Connelly Diary, 23 August 1863, IHS; Claggett Diary, 23 August 1863, CCNMP; Benedict Diary, 23 August 1863, SRNB; Tilford Diary, 23 August 1863, FHS; Hempstead Diary, 23 August 1863, UM-B; Harris Diary, 23 August 1863, IHS; Kendall Diary, 23 August 1863, HL; Porter Diary, 23 August 1863, OHS; Holmes, Then and Now, 4, 117, 120; Boon, Letters, 65.
38. Thoms to Crittenden, 23 August 1863, and Thoms to Halleck, 23 August 1863, both in DC, Telegrams Sent, NARA; OR 30(3):131, 138.
39. Bragg to Davis, 23 August 1863, Letters and Telegrams Sent, Bragg, NARA; OR 52(2):517; Brent Diary, 23 August 1863, Bragg Papers, WRHS; Armstrong, Hamilton County, 2:17; Cumming, Kate, 95–96, 116; Schroeder-Lein, Confederate Hospitals, 122–23; OR 30(4):538; Chattanooga (Tenn.) Daily Rebel, 25 August 1863, quoted in Macon (Ga.) Telegraph, 27 August 1863; Memphis Daily Appeal, 24 August 1863; Oldham Diary, 23 August 1863, CCNMP; Newton N. Davis to his wife, 26 August 1863, Davis Letters, ADAH; Paul, “Chattanooga Rebel,” 276.
40. OR 30(4):538–40; AAG to Cheatham, 23 August 1863, Letters Sent, Polk’s Command, NARA; Brent Diary, 23 August 1863, Bragg Papers, WRHS; SOR 45:95, 149, 153, 714, 836; SOR 46:99, 184, 311; SOR 76:804; SOR 77:145; Record of Events, B/Third Confederate Engineer regiment, NARA; “Summaries of the News,” NARA; Joshua K. Callaway to his wife, 27 August 1863, Callaway Papers, UTX; SOR 79:208, 213, 221, 426; SOR 14:2766, 280; Sparkman Diary, 23 August 1863, BPL; Estes Diary, 23 August 1863, MC; Bodenhamer Memoirs, 23 August 1863, TSLA; S. M. Cherry, “Church Leader,” Chattanooga (Tenn.) Free Press, 21 September 1938, clipping in CPL; SOR 18:195–97; SOR 78:765; Freeman Diary, 23 August 1863, TSLA.
41. AAGenl to Comdg Officers, Smith’s and Maney’s Brigades, 24 August 1863, Letters Sent, Polk’s Command, NARA; OR 30(4):539, 544–45; John W. Harris to his mother, 30 August 1863, Harris Letters, TSLA; Armstrong Diary, 23 August 1863, ADAH; Williamson, 45th Mississippi, 119–20; Heartsill, Fourteen Hundred, 143; Daniel Diary, 23 August 1863, SRNB.
42. OR 30(4):540; Brown Diary, 23 August 1863, CCNMP; Samuel R. Miller to “Dear Cath,” 25 August 1863, Miller Family Papers, VHS; Holmes, Diary, 17; SOR 17:323, 328, 330, 693–94; Watson Journal, 23 August 1863, CCNMP; Bishop, “58th North Carolina,” 5; J. W. Dugger Diary, Watauga (N.C.) Democrat, 14 May 1891; SOR 61:441; James M. Wysor to his father, 24 August 1863, Wysor Letters, VHS; Owen, Camp and Battle, 265–66.
43. Warner, Generals in Gray, 246; Eicher and Eicher, High Commands, 439; Schlinger, Last Cavalier, 1–146; Connelly and Jones, Politics of Command, 55–57, 65–67; Davis, Breckinridge, 4–10. Five years younger than Preston, Breckinridge was Preston’s second cousin, once removed.
44. OR 30(4):515–16, 518, 538, 540–41; Black, Railroads, 182–83; Claudius C. Wilson to Kate Wilson, 23 August 1863, Wilson Papers, GHS. Except for the addition of a sixty-one-mile segment of the Southern Railroad of Mississippi from Morton to Meridian, the route was the same as that taken by Bragg’s entire army in the summer of 1862.
45. Augustus B. Carpenter to his parents, 23 August 1863, Carpenter Letters, YU; Montraville Reeves to his brother, 23 August 1863, Reeves Papers, UI; Batchelor and Turner, Batchelor-Turner Letters, 68; Ezekiah B. Rorie to his mother, 23 August 1863, Rorie Letter, CCNMP.
1. Goddard to Grant, 24 August 1863, and Goddard to Parsons, 24 August 1863, both in DC, Telegrams Sent, NARA; OR 30(3):144–45, 171; Grant, Papers, 9:164–65, 219, 221–23.
2. Drouillard to Simmons, 24 August 1863, Bond to Wood, 24 August 1863, and Drouillard to Crittenden, 24 August 1863 (two messages), all in DC, Telegrams Sent, NARA; OR 30(3):147, 153, 154; Glisan Diary, 24 August 1863, CCNMP.
3. Goddard to Granger, 24 August 1863, DC, Telegrams Sent, NARA; OR 30(3):155–56; OR 52(1):440; Winans Diary, 24 August 1863, CCNMP; Hewes, Tenth Michigan, 46–47; Porter Diary, 24 August 1863, OHS; Boon, Letters, 67; Holmes, Then and Now, 4, 117, 120; Royse, 115th Illinois, 83; Van Vleck, Leader, 160.
4. Bond to Capt. Cramer, 24 August 1863, Goddard to Commanding Officer, Cowan, 24 August 1863, Goddard to Col. A. A. Smith, 24 August 1863, and Thoms to Halleck, 11:50 P.M., 24 August 1863, all in DC, Telegrams Sent, NARA; SOR 81:311–12, 320; Wilson, Column South, 84; Kirk, Fifteenth Pennsylvania Cavalry, 227; Alotta, Civil War Justice, 76; OR 30(3):147.
5. Smith Diary, 24 August 1863, CCNMP; Dilworth Journal, 24 August 1863, HC; SOR 40:371; Griest Diary, 24 August 1863, CCNMP; Kemper Diary, 24 August 1863, OHS; Campbell Journal, 24 August 1863, CCNMP; OR 30(3):151–52, 154, 166–67; Ninety-Second Illinois, 97–98; Atkins, Chickamauga, 5–6; King, Three Years, 108–9; SOR 37:525, 529; Miller Journal, 24 August 1863, IHS; Pecoy Diary, 24 August 1863, CCNMP; Burns Diary, 24 August 1863, CCNMP; Anonymous letter to “Friend Lib,” 30 August 1861 [1863], Civil War Voices http://www.soldierstudies.org/blog/2011/03/camp-roberts-alabama-1861-august-30th/ (24 January 2012); Tabler Diary, 24 August 1863, private collection; Curry, Four Years, 107–8; Nourse Diary, 24 August 1863, DU; OR 30(1):910–11.
6. OR 30(3):149–50; Clark Diary, 24 August 1863, Clark Papers, USAHEC; Jones Diary, 24 August 1863, SRNB; Shotts Diary, 24 August 1863, SRNB; Eben P. Sturges to his mother, 24 August 1863, Sturges Papers, Civil War Times Illustrated Collection, USAHEC; Thornton, Gallantry, 159; Bloom Diary, 124 August 1863, CCNMP; Ward Diary, 24 August 1863, Ward Papers, DP; Ferdinand H. Gross to Moody C. Tolman, 24 August 1863, Tolman Papers, MHS; Mungo P. Murray to “Dear Sister Annie,” 24 August 1863, Murray Letters, USAHEC; Reed Diary, 24 August 1863, Reed Papers, MHS; Tourgee, “Diary,” 117; Calleb H. Carlton to his wife, 24 August 1863, Carlton Papers, LC.
7. Dilworth Journal, 24 August 1863, HC; Rogers, “Diary,” 11; Mosman, Rough Side, 70; Post Diary, 24 August 1863, Post Papers, KC; Bergun H. Brown to “Dear Folks at home,” 24 August 1863, Brown Papers, IHS; Protsman Diary, 24 August 1863, WSU; Lyman S. Widney to his parents, 23 August 1863, Widney Letters, CCNMP; Widney Diary, 24–29 August 1863, KMNMP; Kiene, Journal, 168; Cooley Diary, 24 August 1863, WHS; Thomas J. Frazee to his sister, 24 August 1863, Frazee Papers, ALPL; OR 30(3):153–54, 157; Emerson Opdycke to his wife, 24 August 1863, Opdycke Papers, OHS; OR 30(1):652; Marshall Diary, 24 August 1863, OHS; Busbey Diary, 24 August 1863, SRNB; Botkin Diary, 24 August 1863, Baker Correspondence, OHS; Connelly Diary, 24 August 1863, IHS; Harden, 90th Ohio, 90.
8. Chattanooga (Tenn.) Daily Rebel, 25 August 1863; Brent Diary, 24 August 1863, Bragg Papers, WRHS; Johnston, Narrative, 253–54; OR 30(4):540–41; SOR 18:285–88; Adamson, Thirtieth Georgia, 32; UDC Collection, vol. 1, GDAH.
9. Natchez (Miss.) Weekly Courier, 20 May 1863; Brown, Life of Walker, 1–163; Davis, “Georgia Firebrand,” 1–8; Warner, Generals in Gray, 323–24; Davis and Hoffman, Confederate General, 6:98–99; Eicher and Eicher, High Commands, 551; Boatner, Civil War Dictionary, 886; Welsh, Medical Histories, Confederate, 226–27; Walker to [Mary Cresswell Walker], undated fragment, Walker Papers, DU.
10. Cisco, States Rights Gist, 1–96; Davis and Hoffman, Confederate General, 2:94–95, 194–97, 6:144–45; Stroud, Ector’s Texas Brigade, 1–125; Warner, Generals in Gray, 80–81, 106–7, 339; Boatner, Civil War Dictionary, 260, 344, 930; Eicher and Eicher, High Commands, 222, 256, 573; Welsh, Medical Histories, Confederate, 60, 80–81, 236.
11. Davis, Breckinridge, 3–368; Davis and Hoffman, Confederate General, 1:126–27; Warner, Generals in Gray, 34; Boatner, Civil War Dictionary, 82–83; Eicher and Eicher, High Commands, 143–44; Welsh, Medical Histories, Confederate, 27. For a recent study, from Bragg’s perspective, see Martin, Bragg, 168–69, 205, 218, 232–33, 236–40, 247, 252–54. A minutely detailed account of the participation of Breckinridge and his division at Stones River can be found in Smith, Stones River (Army of Tennessee), 326–75, 519–78. Smith generally validates Bragg’s charges against Breckinridge. The staff officer was Theodore O’Hara, a college classmate of Breckinridge’s who had been fired by Bragg at Pensacola.
12. McMurtry, Helm, 1–41; Johansson, “Adams,” 87–103; Davis and Hoffman, Confederate General, 1:2–3, 3:86–87, 6:12–13; Warner, Generals in Gray, 1, 132, 294–95; Boatner, Civil War Dictionary, 3, 393, 810; Eicher and Eicher, High Commands, 99, 293, 515; Welsh, Medical Histories, Confederate, 1–2, 97–98, 207; Bragg, Distinction, 1–73. Helm’s wife, Emilie Todd Helm, was the half-sister of Mary Todd Lincoln.
13. Memphis Daily Appeal 25 August 1863; Magee Diary, 24 August 1863, DU; Jack to Commanding Officers, Smith’s and Maney’s Brigades, 24 August 1863, Jack to Cheatham, 24 August 1863 (two messages), and Jack to Hindman, 24 August 1863 (four messages), all in Letters Sent, Polk’s Command, NARA; Moorman, “Moorman Memorandum,” 77; OR 30(4):544–45; SOR 45:84, 133; SOR 46:184, 305; Rand Diary, 24 August 1863, MDAH; Fraser Diary, 24 August 1863, CCNMP; Newton N. Davis to his wife, 26 August 1863, Davis Letters, ADAH; Thomas B. Hall to his father, 26 August 1863, Hall Family Papers, ADAH; Manigault, Carolinian, 92; Henry D. Clayton to Archer Anderson, 24 August 1863, Hill Papers, LV; Special Orders, No. 276, 24 August 1863, Bragg Papers, WRHS; Paul, “Chattanooga Rebel,” 276–77; Livingood, “Chattanooga Rebel,” 50; Armstrong, Hamilton County, 1:157.
14. OR 30(4):546–47, 605, 644; SOR 13:905, 909, 919, 929; Brown Diary, 24 August 1863, CCNMP; Watson Journal, 24 August 1863, CCNMP; SOR 17:323; Holmes, Diary, 17; J. W. Dugger Diary, Watauga (N.C.) Democrat, 14 May 1891; SOR 84:817, 821–24; Powell, Failure, 22–23.
15. Webster Diary, 25 August 1863, Civil War Miscellaneous Collection, USAHEC; Ward Diary, 25 August 1863, Ward Papers, DP; Sturges Diary, 25 August 1863, Sturges Papers, Civil War Times Illustrated Collection, USAHEC; Weaver Diary, 25 August 1863, SRNB; Keegan, Diaries, 22; Colyer Diary, 25 August 1863, ALPL; Kiene, Journal, 168; Mayfield Diary, 25 August 1863, IU; Simonds Diary, 25 August 1863, Simonds Papers, NIU; Opdycke Diary, 25 August 1863, Opdycke Papers, OHS; Alfred Pirtle to his parents, 25–26 August 1863, Pirtle Papers, FHS; Burns Diary, 25 August 1863, CCNMP; Tabler Diary, 25 August 1863, private collection; Drouillard Diary, 25 August 1863, Rosecrans Papers, UCLA; Wilson, Column South, 84; Kirk, Fifteenth Pennsylvania Cavalry, 227; SOR 69:341, 363, 398, 412; Palmer, Letters, 79–80; Albertson, Letters Home, Letter 100; Miller Journal, 25 August 1863, IHS; Morse, Diaries, 32; Ward Diary, 25 August 1863, Booth Papers, OHS; Josiah D. Cotton to his wife, 26 August 1863, Cotton Papers, LC; Andrew, Letters, 72; OR 30(3):159; Alanson R. Ryman to Jane Ryman, 25–26 August 1863, Ryman Letters, IHS; Gates Diary, 25 August 1863, IHS.
16. Garfield to Dickson, 25 August 1863, Goddard to J. H. Bingham [Brigham], 3 P.M., 25 August 1863, Goddard to Dickson, 25 August 1863, Goddard to Mrs. Goddard, 25 August 1863, Drouillard to Brannan, 25 August 1863, and Thoms to Crittenden, 25 August 1863, all in DC, Telegrams Sent, NARA; OR 30(3):62–63, 162–63, 165; Sanderson Journal, 16 and 24 August 1863, Sanderson Papers, OHS; Taylor, “Supply,” 122; Horace Porter to his mother, 25 August 1863, Porter Papers, LC. For an able summary of Rosecrans’s prior argument with Meigs over horses, see Weigley, Quartermaster General, 261–66.
17. OR 30(3):164–66, 178, 190; Records Diary, 25 August 1863, Records Manuscript Collection, ISL; Griest Diary, 25 August 1863, CCNMP; McGee, 72nd Indiana, 148; Kemper Diary, 25 August 1863, OHS; Campbell Journal, 25 August 1863, CCNMP; SOR 25:537; James Dawson to unknown recipient, 25 August 1863, Dawson Letters, AHS; Phillips, Diary, 23; Brown Diary, 25 August 1863, ALPL; Kitchell Diary, 25 August 1863, ALPL; Johnston Diary, 25 August 1863, FHS; McLain Diary, 25 August 1863, ISHS; Marshall Diary, 25 August 1863, OHS; Hines Diary, 25 August 1863, Hines Manuscript Collection, ISL; Miller Journal, 25 August 1863, IHS.
18. Shultz, Diary, 29; Larew Diary, 25 August 1863, IHS; McCullough Diary, 25 August 1863, ISL; Rolison Diary, 25 August 1863, Civil War Times Illustrated Collection, USAHEC; Roseberry Diary, 25 August 1863, EU; Stearns Diary, 25 August 1863, UM-B; Memorial of Burnham, 21–22; Henry C. Taylor to his parents, 25 August 1863, Taylor Papers, WHS; Hapeman Diary, 25 August 1863, ALPL; Sturges Diary, 25 August 1863, Sturges Papers, Civil War Times Illustrated Collection, USAHEC; Dilworth Journal, 25 August 1863, HC; Hinchberger Diary, 25 August 1863, CCNMP; Thomas Stephenson to his grandparents, 25 August 1863, Stephenson Letter, CCNMP; Reed Diary, 25 August 1863, MHS; Harold J. Bartlett to “Dear ones at home,” 25 August 1863, Barlett Letters, UM-B; Everett F. Abbott to his mother, letter extract, Chamberlain Papers, IHS; Grebner, Ninth Ohio, 139; Morse, Diaries, 32; Parker Diary, 25 August 1863, HL; Miller Journal, 25 August 1863, IHS; Alanson R. Ryman to Jane Ryman, 25–26 August 1863, Ryman Letters, IHS; Gates Diary, 25 August 1863, IHS; Josiah D. Cotton to his wife, 26 August 1863, Cotton Papers, LC; Andrew, Letters, 72.
19. Mayfield Diary, 25 August 1863, IU; Colyer Diary, 25 August 1863, ALPL; James E. Love to “Dearest Molly,” 30 August 1863, Love Papers, MHM; Mosman, Rough Side, 70; William H. Ball to his brother, 25 August 1863, F. Q. Ball Letters, WHS; Kiene, Journal, 168; Willoughby Diary, 25 August 1863, Willoughby Manuscript Collection, ISL; Robinson Diary, 25 August 1863, Regimental Papers, WRHS; George A. Cummins to M. L. Todd, 25 August 1863, Cummins Papers, ALPL; Bradley to Lee, 25 August 1863, Sheridan Papers, LC; Merrill, Diary, 49; Prickitt, Company H, 101; Connelly Diary, 25 August 1863, IHS; Opdycke Diary, 25 August 1863, Opdycke Papers, OHS; Busbey Diary, 25 August 1863, SRNB; Harden, 90th Ohio, 90; Simmons, 84th Illinois, 73–74; John M. Palmer to his wife, 25 August 1863, Palmer Papers II, ALPL; Benedict Diary, 25 August 1863, SRNB; Woodcock, Southern Boy, 182; Claggett Diary, 25 August 1863, CCNMP; Moses F. Yoder to his brother, 25 August 1863, Yoder Papers, LC; OR 30(3):91 [misdated 20 August].
20. OR 30(4):553, 554; Leonidas Polk to Frances Polk, 25 August 1863, Polk Papers, US; Brent Diary, 25 August 1863, Bragg Papers, WRHS.
21. OR 30(4):547–53; Special Orders, No. 228, Bragg Papers, WRHS. For a detailed description of how the food shortages affected individual soldiers, see Lt. Hannibal Paine (Twenty-Sixth Tennessee Infantry regiment) to Mary L. Paine, 5 August 1863, Paine Letters, CCNMP.
22. James A. Hall to his father, 26 August 1863, and Thomas B. Hall to his father, both in Hall Family Papers, ADAH; Magee Diary, 25 August 1863, DU; Newton N. Davis to his wife, 26 August 1863, Davis Letters, ADAH; Augusta (Ga.) Daily Constitutionalist, 26 August 1863; Armstrong, Hamilton County, 1:157; Livingood, “Chattanooga Rebel,” 51; Chattanooga (Tenn.) Daily Rebel, 25 August 1863; Memphis Daily Appeal, 25 and 28 August 1863; Macon (Ga.) Telegraph, 27 August 1863. In Moorman, “Moorman Memorandum,” 77, the number of cavalrymen shot is placed at two.
23. Rand Diary, 25 August 1863, MDAH; SOR 45:84, 154, 171, 183; SOR 46:289; Fraser Diary, 25 August 1863, CCNMP; Newton N. Davis to his wife, 26 August 1863, Davis Letters, ADAH; Fielder Diary, 25 August 1863, TSLA; Armstrong Diary, 25 August 1863, ADAH; Heartsill, Fourteen Hundred, 143–44; SOR 13:624, 911, 919, 925; SOR 79:352, 562; Brown Diary, 25 August 1863, CCNMP; SOR 17:304; Watson Journal, 25 August 1863, CCNMP; Holmes, Diary, 17; Johnston Diary, 25 August 1863, Johnston Military Papers, FHS; Owen, Camp and Battle, 266; Andrew J. Neal to his mother, 26 August 1863, Neal Letters, UDC Collection, vol. 4, GDAH; SOR 44:577; SOR 35:307, 310; J. W. Dugger Diary, Watauga (N.C.) Democrat, 14 May 1891; SOR 84:817, 821; Dyer, Diary, 19; Johnson Diary, 25 August 1863, Johnson Papers, NARA; SOR 78:714; Steinmeyer Memoir, UNC; Capers Diary, 25 August 1863, CI; SOR 77:217, 230; SOR 36:287, 420, 446; Pasco Diary, 25 August 1863, CCNMP; OR 30(4):541, 547; John C. Breckinridge to B. S. Ewell, 23 August 1863, John C. Breckinridge CSR, NARA.
24. OR 30(3):162, 170; Rosecrans to Halleck, 26 August 1863, DC, Telegrams Sent, NARA.
25. OR 30(3):171–74, 178; Garfield to Reynolds, 26 August 1863 (two messages), Garfield to E. H. Glascock, 26 August 1863, Garfield to Lytle, 26 August 1863, Goddard to Parsons, 26 August 1863, Goddard to Perkins, 26 August 1863, Goddard to Simmons, 26 August 1863, Bond to Brannan, 26 August 1863, Thoms to Sheridan, 26 August 1863 (two messages), Thoms to Granger, 26 August 1863, Cist to Steedman, 26 August 1863, and Cist to Warren, all in DC, Telegrams Sent, NARA.
26. OR 30(3):176–77; Campbell Journal, 26 August 1863, CCNMP; SOR 28:371; Records Diary and Reminiscences, 26 August 1863, Records Manuscript Collection, ISL; McGee, 72nd Indiana, 148; Marshall Diary, 26 August 1863, OHS; Hines Diary, 26 August 1863, Hines Manuscript Collection, ISL; SOR 25:499, 529, 537; James Dawson to his wife, 26 August 1863, Dawson Letters, AHS; Phillips, Diary, 23; Ninety-Second Illinois, 98–99; King, Three Years, 109; Belser L. Wyman to his mother, 28 August 1863, Wyman Letters, ADAH.
27. OR 30(3):172–75, 190–91; McLain Diary, 26 August 1863, ISHS; SOR 41:807; OR 30(1):469; Miller Journal, 26 August 1863, IHS; Mayfield Diary, 26 August 1863, IU; Mosman, Rough Side, 70; Bennett and Haigh, Thirty-Sixth Illinois, 445; Record of Events, Third Confederate Cavalry regiment (Companies A, F, G., K), NARA; Goddard to Lytle, 26 August 1863, DC, Telegrams Sent, NARA.
28. Webster Diary, 26 August 1863, Civil War Miscellaneous Collection, USAHEC; Ward Diary, 26 August 1863, Ward Papers, DP; Smith Diary, 26 August 1863, CCNMP; Carpenter Diary, 26 August 1863, SRNB; Johnston, Soldier Boy, 53; William S. Mitchell to his father, 26 August 1863, Mitchell Letters, CCNMP; Hough, Soldier, 130–32; Dilworth Journal, 26 August 1863, HC; Hinchberger Diary, 26 August 1863, CCNMP; Reed Diary, 26 August 1863, MHS; John Reed Beatty to Laura Maxfield, 26 August 1863, Beatty Papers, MHS; Andrew, Letters, 72; Parker Diary, 26 August 1863, HL; Rosecrans to Halleck, 26 August 1863, DC, Telegrams Sent, NARA; OR 30(3):171.
29. Larew Diary, 26 August 1863, IHS; Shultz, Diary, 29; Mayfield Diary, 26 August 1863, IU; Willoughby Diary, 26 August 1863, Willoughby Manuscript Collection, ISL; Robinson Diary, 26 August 1863, Regimental Papers, WRHS; Isaiah Decker to his parents, 27 August 1863, Decker Letters, SRNB; Mosman, Rough Side, 70; Kiene, Journal, 168–69; Shideler Diary, 26 August 1863, CCNMP; Lyon Diary, 26 August 1863, OHS; Protsman Diary, 26 August 1863, WSU; Jonas Jones and Samuel Heath to “Friend Lodge,” 26 August 1863, Lodge Collection, UI; OR 30(3):176–79; Nourse Diary, 26 August 1863, DU; Peletiah Bond to Cornelia Bond, 26 August 1863, “Bond & Edwards Civil War Letters,” http://www.genealogy105.com/1863p2.html (2 April 2012); Marshall Diary, 26 August 1863, OHS; Connelly Diary, 26 August 1863, IHS; Tuttle, Kentucky Captain, 140–41; Walker Diary, 26 August 1863, Harrisburg Civil War Roundtable Collection, USAHEC; Williams Diary 26 August 1863, CCNMP; Stearns Diary, 26 August 1863, UM-B; Roseberry Diary, 26 August 1863, EU; Partridge, Ninety-Sixth Illinois, 153.
30. Brent Diary, 26 August 1863, Bragg Papers, WRHS. For glimpses of Buckner’s spy network, see OR 30(4):540, 554; and Johnston Diary, 19, 23, and 27 August 1863, Johnston Military Papers, FHS.
31. OR 30(4):556–57; Special Orders, No. 229, Bragg Papers, WRHS; E. A. Flewellen to S. H. Stout, 26 August 1863, and Stout endorsement, Stout Papers, MC; Jack to Cheatham and Hindman, 26 August 1863 (two messages), Jack to Cheatham, 26 August 1863, and Jack to J. K. Jackson, 26 August 1863, all in Letters Sent, Polk’s Command, NARA; Chattanooga (Tenn.) Daily Rebel, 26 August 1863, as reprinted in Memphis Daily Appeal, 28 August 1863, Augusta (Ga.) Daily Constitutionalist, 30 August 1863, and Macon (Ga.) Telegraph, 27 August 1863; Armstrong, Hamilton County, 1:156; Livingood, “Chattanooga Rebel,” 46.
32. Brown Notebook, 26 August 1863, CCNMP; Fielder Diary, 26 August 1863, TSLA; SOR 46:184; Rand Diary, 26 August 1863, MDAH; Fraser Diary, 26 August 1863, CCNMP; James A. Hall to Bolling Hall Sr., 26 August 1863, Bolling Hall Family Papers, ADAH; Newton N. Davis to his wife, 26 August 1863, Davis Letters, ADAH; Armstrong Diary, 26 August 1863, ADAH; Beatty Diary, 26 August 1863, UNC; Sparkman Diary, 26 August 1863, BPL; Estes Diary, 26 August 1863, MC; SOR 14:276; SOR 79:424; Heartsill, Fourteen Hundred, 144; Abram M. Glazener to his wife, 26 August 1863, Glazener Letters, USAHEC; Daniel Diary, 26 August 1863, Civil War Miscellaneous Collection, USAHEC; Joseph W. Ward to his sister, 26 August 1863, Ward Letters, CSA Records, UTX.
33. Johnson Diary, 26 August 1863, NARA; Black, Letters, 58; SOR 79:566, 579; Andrew J. Neal to his mother, 26 August 1863, Neal Letters, UDC Collection, vol. 4, GDAH; Johnston Diary, 26 August 1863, Johnston Military Papers, FHS; J. W. Dugger Diary, Watauga (N.C.) Democrat, 14 May 1891; SOR 84:817; Davis Diary, 26 August 1863, TSLA; Leverich Diary, 26 August 1863, LSU; Owen, Camp and Battle, 266–67; Allardice, Confederate Colonels, 248; Capers Diary, 24–26 August 1863, CI; Jones, Enlisted, 108–9; SOR 35:206, 208, 210, 282, 340, 346; Green, Johnny Green, 85; Jackman Journal, 26 August 1863, LC; Pasco Diary, 26 August 1863, CCNMP.
34. OR 30(3):217; SOR 28:371; Kemper Diary, 27 August 1863, OHS; Eli Lilly Report, 1 September 1863, Lilly Papers, LCA; Henry Campbell Journal, 27 August 1863, CCNMP; SOR 25:499, 525, 529; Phillips, Diary, 24; James A. Dawson to his wife, 28 August 1863, Dawson Letters, AHS; Kitchell Diary, 27 August 1863, ALPL; SOR 34:207, 219, 236, 241; Johnston Diary, 27 August 1863, FHS.
35. OR 30(3):184–85, 202; Frankenberry Diary, 27 August 1863, WVU; Rosecrans to Meigs, 27 August 1863, DC, Telegrams Sent, NARA. Construction of the Nashville & Northwestern Railroad had commenced before the outbreak of the war, but it had made little progress westward by August 1863. Governor Johnson’s involvement, and also that of Colonel Innes, would become problematic by early 1864, but by then Rosecrans no longer commanded the Department of the Cumberland. OR, Series III, 5:943–44.
36. Garfield to Gillem, 27 August 1863, Garfield to Thompson, 27 August 1863 (two messages), Goddard to Lytle, 27 August 1863, Goddard to Granger, 27 August 1863, Goddard to Lt. Sanderson, 27 August 1863, Goddard to Simmons, 27 August 1863, Thoms to Granger, 27 August 1863 (two messages), and Cist to Reynolds, 27 August 1863, all in DC, Telegrams Sent, NARA; Goddard to Sheridan, 27 August 1863, DC, Letters Sent, NARA; OR 30(3):184–86, 192–93.
37. Thoms to Halleck, 27 August 1863, DC, Telegrams Sent, NARA; Shultz, Diary, 29; Meredith Diary, 27 August 1863, Harrisburg Civil War Roundtable Collection, USAHEC; Larew Diary, 27 August 1863, IHS; OR 30(3):185–89, 193–94; Simonds Diary, 27 August 1863, Simonds Papers, NIU; Colburn/Gray Diary, 27 August 1863, private collection; Bircher, Drummer-Boy, 70–71; Reed Diary, 27 August 1863, MHS; Hollingsworth Diary, 27 August 1863, IHS.
38. Webster Diary, 27 August 1863, Civil War Miscellaneous Collection, USAHEC; Harris Diary, 27 August 1863, CCNMP; Millen Diary, 27 August 1863, SRNB; Hinchberger Diary, 27 August 1863, CCNMP; Hollingsworth Diary, 27 August 1863, IHS; Colyer Diary, 27 August 18963, ALPL; Connelly Diary, 27 August 1863, IHS; Williams Diary, 27 August 1863, CCNMP; Schwartz, Diary, 10; Crippin, “Diary,” 279; McCullough Diary, 27 August 1863, ISL; Christian Diary, 26–27 August 1863, CCNMP; Shotts Diary, 26–27 August 1863, SRNB; Sturges Diary, 27 August 1863, Sturges Papers, Civil War Times Illustrated Collection, USAHEC; Dilworth Journal, 27 August 1863, HC; McMahan, “Battle,” Twenty-First Ohio Infantry Regiment Collection, BGSU; Quinlin and Haugh, Duty, 46; Simonds Diary, 27 August 1863, Simonds Papers, NIU; Burns Diary, 27 August 1863, CCNMP; Hapeman Diary, 27 August 1863, ALPL; Mosman, Rough Side, 70; James Prosser to Sarah A. Prosser, 27 August 1863, Neeley Manuscripts, IU; Howe Diary, 27 August 1863, IHS; Tuttle, Kentucky Captain, 141.
39. OR 30(3):106, 186, 194; McCahan Diary, 27 August 1863, HSP; Kendall Diary, 27 August 1863, HL; Merrill, Diary, 50; Persons Diary, 27 August 1863, WHS; Harris Diary, 27 August 1863, IHS; OR 16(1):838–41, (2):289–90. For modern accounts of the McCook-Gurley episode, see Whalen and Whalen, Fighting McCooks, 134–40, and Steenburn, Man Called Gurley, 106–30. Gurley himself was captured in October 1863, tried by a military court for McCook’s “murder” in early 1864, convicted and sentenced to death, but never executed. Frank B. Gurley, CSR, NARA.
40. Brent Diary, 27 August 1863, Bragg Papers, WRHS; Chattanooga (Tenn.) Daily Rebel, 28 and 29 August 1863, reprinted in Memphis Daily Appeal, 31 August 1863; Joseph Branch O’Bryan to his sister, 30 August 1863, O’Bryan Letters, TSLA; Moorman, “Moorman Memorandum,” 77; William W. Mackall to Daniel H. Hill, 28 August 1863, Hill Papers, LV; Willie Moore to “Miss Jennie,” 29 August 1863, Parsons Letters, ADAH; Richard B. Pittman to his wife, 7 [27] August 1863, Pittman Letters, CCNMP; Armstrong, Hamilton County, 1:157; Campbell Journal, 27 August 1863, CCNMP.
41. Brent Diary, 27 August 1863, Bragg Papers, WRHS; Willie Moore to “Miss Jennie,” 29 August 1863, Parsons Letters, ADAH; James A. Hall to Bolling Hall Sr., 29 August 1863, Hall Family Papers, ADAH.
42. Leonidas Polk to Frances Polk, 27 August 1863, Polk Papers, US; J. Stoddard Johnston to William W. Mackall, 27 August 1863, and William W. Mackall to Daniel H. Hill, 28 August 1863, both in Hill Papers, LV; Johnston Diary, 27 August 1863, Johnston Military Papers, FHS.
43. Polk to Cheatham, 27 August 1863, and Polk to Jackson, 27 August 1863, both in Letters Sent, Polk’s Command, NARA; Fielder Diary, 27 August 1863, TSLA; Brown Notebook, 27 August 1863, CCNMP; Willie Moore to “Miss Jennie,” 29 August 1863, Parsons Letters, ADAH; Rand Diary, 27 August 1863, MDAH; Fraser Diary, 27 August 1863, CCNMP; Chattanooga (Tenn.) Daily Rebel, 30 August 1863; Sparkman Diary, 27 August 1863, BPL; Hezekiah Rabb to his wife, 27 August 1863, Rabb Letters, Michael Musick Collection, USAHEC; Bodenhamer Memoirs, 27 August 1863, TSLA; Robert A. Jarman Account, CCNMP; Freeman Diary, 27 August 1863, TSLA; Johnson Diary, 27 August 1863, Johnson Papers, NARA; SOR 78:714; SOR 79:39, 352.
44. William W. Mackall to Daniel H. Hill, 28 August 1863, Hill Papers, LV; OR 30(2):520, 577; Stevenson, “Smith,” 42; SOR 13:61; Sloan Diary, 27–28 August 1863, TSLA; Leverich Diary, 27 August 1863, LSU; Johnston Diary, 28 August 1863, Johnston Military Papers, FHS.
45. A. P. Adamson to N. C. Adamson, 28 August 1863, UDC Collection, vol. 1, GDAH; Adamson, Thirtieth Georgia, 32–33; George A. Gordon to “Dear Krilla,” 30 August 1863, Gordon Letters, UTX; Reynolds, Worthy, 102; Capers Diary, 27–29 August 1863, Capers Papers, CI; Jones, Enlisted, 109; Ellis Diary, 27 August 1863, LSU; Pasco Diary, 27 August 1863, CCNMP; Ives, Journal and Letters, 40–41; SOR 61:455; SOR 35:213, 266, 326, 404; Bush Diary, 27 August 1863, CCNMP; Jackman Journal, 27 August 1863, LC; Green, Johnny Green, 85; SOR 13:698. The location of some units is estimated, but is in accord with the fragmentary evidence listed above. Distances are taken from station lists in David L. Bright, “Confederate Railroads,” http://www.csa-railroads.com (5 May 2013).