Index

Page numbers in italics refer to figures.

“additive” affect, 8.1, 8.2

adolescents

aggression in, 4.1, 5.1, 6.1, 8.1, 9.1, 11.1

antisocial behavior in, 3.1, 4.1, 5.1, 8.1, 8.2

heart rate in

in hypothetical future scenarios

medication for aggression in

as mothers

murder of

as psychopaths

relational aggression in

violence by, 1.1, 4.1, 6.1, 11.1

adoption, adoptees

antisocial behavior in, 2.1, 8.1, 8.2

screening for

twins in

adoption studies

criticism of

on fetal alcohol syndrome

on heritability, 2.1, 2.2

adrenaline

Adventures of Tintin, The, 9.1, 9.2

affectionless psychopathy, 6.1, 8.1

affective

functions, 5.1, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 8.5

impairments, 8.1, 10.1

neuroscience

affirmative defense

Africa, Africans, 1.1, 1.2, 4.1

African-Americans, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 7.1, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3

aggression

as adaptive, 1.1, 1.2

affective

in animals, 1.1, 1.2, 3.1, 4.1, 5.1, 7.1, 7.2, 8.1

in anthropological studies

defensive, itr.1, 1.1, 2.1, 5.1, 9.1

evolutionary theory of

gender differences in

heritability of, 2.1, 11.1

impulsive, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 6.1, 10.1

low heart rate and

male sexual jealousy and, 1.1, 6.1

MAOA gene and

medication for

neurotransmitter levels and

prevailing theories on

primitive evolutionary logic of

proactive, 2.1, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3

reactive, 2.1, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 5.1, 5.2, 6.1, 6.2, 7.1, 7.2

regulated, cold-blooded, 2.1, 2.2, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 4.1

relational, 1.1, 1.2, 6.1

ring-finger length and

sugar consumption and

and XYY chromosome

alcoholism, 2.1, 4.1, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 10.1, 11.1

alcohol production, 8.1, 8.2

alcohol use, 2.1, 5.1, 5.2, 7.1, 9.1, 9.2

during pregnancy, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 6.1, 9.1

Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland (Carroll), 9.1, 11.1

Allen, Kathy

altruism, reciprocal

Alzheimer’s disease, 3.1, 10.1

Amen, Daniel

American Association for the Advancement of Science, 10.1, 11.1

American Civil Liberties Union

American Psychiatric Association

American Sociological Review

Amin, Idi

Amish schoolgirls massacre

Amsterdam, famine in

Amurao, Corazon

amygdala, itr.1, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 3.7, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 8.5, 9.1, 9.2, 10.1

maldevelopment of, 5.1, 5.2, 7.1, 10.1

anatomical magnetic resonance imaging (aMRI)

androgens

anger, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3

of crime victims

management of, 9.1, 11.1

in media

angular gyrus, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 8.1

angular stomatitis, 7.1, 7.2

Animal Farm (Orwell)

animals

aggressive behavior in, 1.1, 1.2, 3.1, 4.1, 5.1, 7.1, 7.2, 8.1

exercise in

experiments on, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 7.1, 7.2

parental instincts in, 8.1, 11.1

anomalies, physical, as markers for aggression, 6.1, 8.1

anterior cingulate, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 10.1

anthropological studies

anticipatory fear, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 8.1

anticonvulsant medication

antidepressant medication

antipsychotic medications

antisocial behavior, itr.1, 3.1, 4.1, 5.1

birth complications and

broken (structurally different) brains in, 5.1, 5.2

“cheating” strategy in, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 4.1

deterrents to

Dunedin longitudinal study on

environment in, 1.1, 2.1, 2.2

fetal alcohol syndrome and

fish consumption and

heritability of

low heart rate and

malnutrition and, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5

moral brain and

nonaggressive, 2.1, 5.1

smoke exposure and

sugar consumption and

“antisocialization process”

antisocial personality disorder, 2.1, 4.1, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 7.1, 8.1, 9.1, 9.2

anxiety disorders, 4.1, 8.1, 11.1

apocalyptic visions

assault, itr.1, 1.1, 2.1, 3.1, 4.1, 4.2, 7.1, 7.2, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 11.1

Archer, John

Aristotle

Artful Dodger (char.)

Aryans

atavistic stigmata, 1.1, 6.1

attention, 2.1, 3.1, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 6.1, 8.1, 8.2, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4

attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), 2.1, 5.1, 7.1, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 10.1, 11.1

Australia, 2.1, 7.1, 9.1

Austria

autobiographic lies

autonomic nervous system, 3.1, 4.1, 5.1, 6.1

Ayoreo Indians, 1.1, 1.2

baboons, 4.1, 6.1

“bad birth and bad mother” hypothesis

Baker, George

Baker, Laura, 2.1, 2.2

Baker, Michael

bar fights, 1.1, 6.1

Barnum’s American Museum

basolateral nucleus

BBC documentary and debate

Beard, Joseph

Beatles, 7.1, 9.1

Bechara, Antoine, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 8.1

Beck, Tim, 9.1, 11.1

Beier, Klaus M.

Beijing Normal University

Bentham, Jeremy

benzodiazepine (Temazepam)

Better Angels of Our Nature, The (Pinker)

Bigler, Erin

bioavailability

biofeedback, 9.1, 9.2

in hypothetical future scenarios

biological criminology

“biological high risk” design

biological intervention

brain change through, 9.1, 9.2

castration as, 9.1, 9.2

in children, 9.1, 9.2

by medication, 9.1, 9.2

nutrition in, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4

in pregnancy

biology

as basis of crime and violence, prf.1, itr.1

social factors and, prf.1, itr.1

biosocial model, prf.1, itr.1, 1.1, 2.1, 8.1, 8.2, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3

criticism of

“interaction” perspective in

“social-push” perspective in

two themes of, 8.1, 8.2

violence exponentially increased through

violence moderated through

bipolar disorder

birds, abandonment of offspring by

birth complications

and maternal rejection, 8.1, 8.2, 11.1

as precursor to violence, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 9.1, 10.1, 10.2

and prenatal smoking

Blair, James

Blair, Tony

blame, 3.1, 3.2, 4.1

blood sugar, low, 7.1, 9.1

“blue babies”

blue-collar crime, 5.1, 5.2

Bodrum, Turkey

Boer War

Bolivians

bomb-disposal experts, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4

bonding, disruption of, see maternal rejection

borderline personality disorder, 7.1, 9.1

“Born to Be Criminal?” (Sterzer)

Botswana

Bouchard, Tom

Bowlby, John, 6.1, 8.1

boxers, boxing, 1.1, 5.1

boys

antisocial, 3.1, 4.1, 4.2, 6.1

inappropriate sexual behavior in

as warriors

XYY chromosome in

brain

affective processing in, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4

biological intervention and changes in, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3

birth complications and

as broken (structurally different) in violent individuals, 5.1, 6.1, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 8.1, 10.1

chemistry

cognitive processing in, 3.1, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 8.5, 9.1

complexity of

crime as based in, prf.1, 1.1

early health influences on, 5.1, 6.1

fetal maldevelopment of, 5.1, 5.2, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3

fish consumption and

as functionally different in violent individuals, 3.1, 4.1, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 8.1, 10.1, 10.2, 11.1

gender differences in

genes, violence and, 8.1, 8.2

in hypothetical future scenarios

impairment to, 8.1, 8.2, 10.1, 10.2; see also head injury

in issues of legal responsibility

lead toxicity in

Lombroso’s autopsy of

in lying, 3.1, 5.1, 5.2

in moral dilemma, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3

motor processing in, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3

neuroanatomy of, 3.1, 8.1, 8.2

normal, 5.1

plasticity of

premature aging of

in psychopaths, 3.1, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1

and responsibility

of schizophrenics

of serial killers

size and weight of, 5.1, 5.2

social environment and

software vs. hardware failure in, 5.1, 5.2

in spousal abuse

tumor, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3

and violence, 3.1, 4.1, 5.1, 6.1, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 10.1

violence and malfunction of, 3.1, 5.1, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 10.1

volume reduction in areas of, 7.1, 7.2, 8.1, 8.2

in white-collar criminals

brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene

brain hemispheres, 1.1, 3.1, 5.1, 5.2, 6.1

brain imaging, itr.1, 2.1, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 5.2, 6.1, 8.1, 8.2, 9.1, 10.1, 10.2, 11.1

of antisocial individuals, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3

of murderers, 3.1, 3.2, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 8.1, 10.1, 11.1

of neurotoxic effects

process of

of schizophrenics

see also specific techniques

brain stem

brain-wave activity, 9.1, 9.2

Brazil

breast milk, and high IQ

Breivik, Anders Behring, 9.1, 9.2

Brennan, Patty, 6.1, 8.1, 8.2

brioche

British Medical Journal

Brodmann, Korbinian

Brodmann areas, 5.1, 5.2

Brunner, Han, 2.1, 2.2

Buchsbaum, Monte, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 5.1

Buddhism, 9.1, 9.2

Buikhuisen, Wouter

Bulgaria, 7.1, 7.2

bullying, 1.1, 3.1, 4.1, 5.1, 9.1, 9.2

Bundy, Ted, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3

burglary, prf.1, itr.1, itr.2, 2.1, 3.1, 3.2, 8.1, 8.2, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 10.4, 10.5

Buss, David, 1.1, 1.2

Bustamante, Antonio, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 4.1, 5.1, 10.1

cadmium, toxicity of, 7.1, 7.2, 8.1

Cadoret, Remi

Cain, marks of, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3

California

Corrections Department of

death penalty in

Penal Code of

California, University of

Berkeley, 4.1, 4.2

Irvine, 3.1, 7.1

Los Angeles, 2.1, 5.1

callousness, 2.1, 6.1, 7.1, 8.1, 8.2, 10.1

Cambridge University, 4.1, 6.1, 8.1, 9.1

Institute of Criminology at

Cameron, David

Canada, 1.1, 1.2, 6.1, 7.1, 7.2, 8.1

cancer, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, 11.4, 11.5

cannabis, 3.1, 3.2, 9.1

cardiac M2–muscarinic cholinergic receptors

Cardiff, Wales, violence reduction in

Cardiff University

School of Dentistry

cardiovascular system, 3.1, 4.1

Carroll, Lewis

Carruthers, Richard

case control design

Caspi, Avshalom, 2.1, 8.1

Castle, James, 10.1, 10.2

castration, 9.1, 11.1

Castro District

Catholic Church, 7.1, 10.1

caudate nucleus

cavum septum pellucidum, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 6.1, 7.1, 7.2, 11.1

central nervous system (CNS), 6.1, 7.1

cerebellum, 1.1, 5.1

Changi Prison Complex

“cheating” strategy, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 4.1

chemical castration

Chicago, Ill., 2.1, 7.1, 8.1

Chicago Project on Human Development

child abuse, itr.1, 3.1, 3.2, 5.1, 8.1, 11.1

and antisocial behavior

effect on brain of, 8.1, 8.2, 10.1

frequency of

MAOA and

mishandling of, 10.1, 10.2

by mothers, 6.1, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 10.1, 10.2

children

aggression in, 1.1, 2.1, 4.1, 6.1, 6.2, 9.1, 11.1

alcoholism in

antisocial behavior in, 2.1, 3.1, 4.1, 8.1, 9.1

biological intervention in

brain development in, 3.1, 5.1

in brain imaging, 5.1, 6.1

cadmium exposure in

conscience in, 4.1, 8.1

and early life experiences as predictors of violence, itr.1, 3.1, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 5.1, 5.2; see also neurodevelopmental theory

education of, see school, education

in Edwardian England

effects of prenatal smoking on

emotions in

fear conditioning in, 4.1, 4.2

genetic investment in, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5

head injury in, 5.1, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 10.1, 10.2

heart rate in, 4.1, 4.2

in hypothetical future scenarios

lead exposure in

learning in

lying by

malnutrition in, 7.1, 7.2, 8.1, 8.2

manganese levels in

in Mauritius stimulation-seeking study

medications for aggression in

morality in

murder of, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 11.1

natural selfishness of

psychosis in

in public-care institutions, 6.1, 6.2

rejected by mother, see maternal rejection

rights of, 11.1, 11.2

risk factors for, itr.1, 3.1, 6.1, 7.1, 10.1, 11.1, 11.2

safety and security of

schizophrenia in

22 warning signs in

victimization of

violence by, 2.1, 8.1, 11.1

chimpanzees, shared genes of humans and

China, Chinese, 2.1, 4.1, 5.1, 6.1, 7.1, 7.2, 11.1, 11.2

Cho, Seung-Hui

Christian college massacre

Christmas

chromosomes

in leukemia

sex, 2.1, 8.1

chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)

Churchill, Winston

cider

Cinderella

civil liberties

in hypothetical future scenarios, 11.1, 11.2

societal security vs., 11.1, 11.2, 11.3

classical conditioning, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 8.1

clemency, retribution vs., 10.1, 10.2, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3

cognition, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 9.1

impairment of, 3.1, 8.1, 8.2

mercury and

nutrition and, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3

cognitive-behavior therapy, 9.1, 11.1, 11.2

Colombia, 1.1, 6.1, 7.1

Columbia University, 8.1, 8.2

Columbine High School massacre

command hallucinations

conception

physiology of

roots of violence at, 6.1, 6.2

conditional stimulus

conditioned emotional response

conduct disorder, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 6.1, 6.2, 7.1, 7.2, 8.1, 8.2, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4, 9.5, 9.6

congenital adrenal hyperplasia

conscience

absence of, 1.1, 4.1, 4.2, 6.1

autonomic nervous system in, 4.1, 4.2

in children, 4.1, 8.1

and crime

defined

minor offenses and

moral decisions and, 3.1, 8.1

constricted affect, 7.1, 7.2

continuous performance task, 3.1, 3.2

contraceptives

copper deficiency, 7.1, 7.2

corona radiata

corpus callosum, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 6.1

cortical nucleus

cortisol, 8.1, 8.2

Council of Europe

courage, fearlessness vs.

craniofacial abnormalities

Crick, Francis

Crick, Nicki

crime

biological contribution to, prf.1, itr.1, 1.1, 6.1

biological cures for

biosocial influences on

as clinical disorder

conscience and

fear conditioning and predisposition to

fetal alcohol syndrome in

gender difference in

genetic basis to

petty, 2.1, 3.1

schizophrenia and

sociological model for, prf.1, itr.1, itr.2, 1.1

“stupid”

treatment for

white-collar, 4.1, 5.1, nts.1

Crime and Personality (Eysenck)

crime prevention

financing for

government intervention in, 11.1, 11.2

hypothetical future scenarios in

neurocriminology in

neuroethical debate about

through prediction, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3

Criminal Justice Act (2003)

criminal justice system

argument for clemency in, 10.1, 11.1, 11.2

argument for retribution in, 1.1, 10.1, 11.1

brain imaging used by

castration and

in England, 11.1, 11.2

failures of, 3.1, 7.1, 7.2

hypothetical future scenarios in

legal responsibility and

in Turkey

Criminal Man (Lombroso)

criminals

as atavistic

biosocial influences in creation of

“born” 1.1, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 6.1

broken (anatomically different) brains of

in hypothetical future scenarios

physical attributes of, itr.1, itr.2, 1.1, 6.1

as treatable

undetected

white-collar, 4.1, 5.1

Cromwell, Oliver

CS tones, 4.1, 4.2

CT (computed tomography) scan, 5.1, 7.1

cyanosis

cyproterone acetate

Czech Republic, surgical castration in

Dabaoshan mine

Dalais, Cyril

Daly, Martin

Damasio, Antonio, 4.1, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 8.1, 8.2

Damasio, Hanna, 5.1, 5.2

“dangerous and severe personality disorder”

Danny (biofeedback subject), 9.1, 9.2

Dark Knight Rises, The, massacre at

Davidson, Richie, 9.1, 9.2

Dawkins, Richard

Dawson, Mike

death penalty, itr.1, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 4.1, 6.1, 8.1, 10.1, 11.1

debate over

support for, 1.1, 11.1

decision-making, 3.1, 3.2, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6, 5.7, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 9.1, 9.2

defensive aggression, itr.1, 1.1, 2.1, 5.1, 9.1

delinquency, 2.1, 5.1, 5.2, 6.1, 6.2, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 8.1, 8.2, 9.1

fetal alcohol syndrome and, 6.1, 6.2

delusions, 7.1, 7.2, 11.1

of grandeur, 7.1, 7.2

Demme, Jonathan, col1.1, 3.1

Denmark, 7.1, 8.1, 11.1

adoption study in

birth complication study in, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 11.1

chemical castration in

dentistry, 6.1, 7.1

Denver, Colorado

Depo-Provera (medroxyprogesterone)

depression, 4.1, 5.1, 5.2, 7.1, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 11.1, 11.2

Descartes, René, 3.1, 4.1

Descartes’ Error (A. Damasio)

detention centers, prisons vs., 11.1, 11.2

Devon colic

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)

dichotic listening task

dilemmas, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 11.1

distal phalanges

DNA, 2.1, 2.2, 7.1, 7.2, 8.1, 11.1

discovery of structure of

“junk”

docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), 7.1, 9.1

Dodge, Ken

dogs

domestic violence, 3.1, 3.2, 6.1, 9.1

dominance, 1.1, 6.1

dopamine, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 5.1, 7.1, 8.1

dorsolateral prefrontal, 5.1, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3

drifters, 1.1, 1.2, 4.1, 5.1, 5.2

Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, itr.1, 10.1, 10.2

Dr. Strangelove

drug abuse, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 5.1, 5.2, 7.1, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4

drugs

murder by

see also medication; specific drugs

“Early Warning, Timely Response” guide

ears, anomalies of, 6.1, 8.1

EEG (electroencephalogram), 8.1, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3

alpha, 9.1, 9.2

beta, 9.1, 9.2

delta, 9.1, 9.2

theta, 9.1, 9.2

eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), 7.1, 9.1

Emory University, 6.1, 8.1

emotion

absence of, 2.1, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3

brain in processing of, 2.1, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 5.1, 8.1, 8.2

impaired prefrontal cortex and, 3.1, 3.2, 5.1, 5.2

limbic system and, 3.1, 3.2

in morality

overresponse to

secondary

emotional Stroop task

empathy

lack of, 3.1, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 6.1, 8.1

empathy theory

employment, unstable, 1.1, 3.1

Enabling Act

Engel, Eric

England

chemical castration in

cost of violence in

Edwardian child-rearing in

lead toxicity in, 7.1, 7.2

legal and justice system in, 11.1, 11.2

manganese exposure in

obesity in

stepparent murderers in

sugar consumption in

enrichment intervention, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4

environment

as basis for schizophrenia

and biology

and cultural development, 1.1, 1.2

heritability vs., 2.1, 2.2, 11.1

in mediating effects of brain damage

nurturing, 2.1, 3.1, 3.2

schizophrenia influenced by

structural brain abnormalities and, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 7.1

and violence, 2.1, 2.2, 5.1, 5.2, 7.1

epigenetics, and maternal neglect, 8.1, 8.2

epilepsy, epileptic seizures, 5.1, 9.1, 11.1, 11.2

equal environments assumption, 2.1, 2.2

ethics, itr.1, 2.1

ethnicity

in birth complication study

and prenatal smoking

eugenics, prf.1, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3

as fueled by Lombroso’s theories

passive

evil, 11.1, 11.2

evolution

Lombroso’s ethnic hierarchy of, 1.1, 5.1

vengeance and, itr.1, 10.1

violence as survival strategy in, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3

evolutionary theory

murder in, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4

rape in, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4

sex and reproduction in

of violence

executive functioning, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6, 6.1, 9.1, 10.1

exercise, 9.1, 9.2

externalizing behavior, 7.1, 7.2

Eysenck, Hans

fairy tales, stepparents in

false-positive problem

families

different outcomes for siblings in

extended, violence study of

high-risk, 5.1, 6.1, 6.2, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 8.5, 8.6, 10.1, 10.2

low-risk, 3.1, 3.2, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 9.1, 11.1

murder within, 7.1, 7.2

outside influences vs.

risk factors from, 5.1, 6.1, 6.2

schizophrenia and, 7.1, 11.1

in socialization

as support system, 5.1, 8.1

violent heritage within, 1.1, 1.2, 3.1, 5.1

famine

Fancher, Joey, 3.1, 3.2

Farah, Martha

Faroe Islands

Farrington, David, 4.1, 8.1

Fast, Diane

fathers

absent, 8.1, 10.1

antisocial, 8.1, 8.2

criminal, 1.1, 8.1, 8.2

in hypothetical future scenarios

killing of, 11.1, 11.2

mentally ill, 3.1, 10.1

murder by, 1.1

proprietary right of

FBI, 3.1, 3.2, 4.1, 5.1

fear conditioning, 3.1, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 6.1, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 11.1

fearlessness theory

Feinstein, Dianne

fetal alcohol syndrome, 5.1, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3

fetal maldevelopment

alcohol and

of brain, 5.1, 5.2, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3

physical anomalies of, 6.1, 6.2, 8.1

smoking and, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3

fight-flight response, itr.1, 3.1

Filiaggi, James “Jimmy the Fuse”

Filiaggi, Tony

fingers, 4.1, 4.2, 8.1

anomalies of, 6.1, 6.2

gender differences and length of

webbed

Finland, 6.1, 7.1, 7.2

fish

in biological intervention

mercury in, 7.1, 7.2

in nutrition, 7.1, 7.2, 9.1, 9.2

worldwide consumption of, 7.1, 7.2

Forty-four Juvenile Thieves (Bowlby)

fraternal (dizygotic) twins, 2.1, 2.2

Frederick V, king of Denmark

free will

constraints on, 10.1, 11.1

criminal justice and, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3

French Revolution

Fritzl, Josef

frontal cortex, itr.1, 2.1, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6, 5.7, 5.8, 5.9, 5.10, 5.11, 5.12, 6.1, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 8.5, 8.6, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 10.1, 10.2, 11.1

functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), 3.1, 5.1

Fundamental Five Functions

Fung, Annis

future hypothetical scenarios

advisability of

enactment of

feasibility of

as utopia or dystopia

Gage, Phineas, 3.1, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 8.1, 10.1, 10.2

other brain injury victims vs.

Gainj tribe

Gall, Franz, 1.1, 3.1

Gambrel, Terry

Gao, Yu, 4.1, 5.1, 8.1, 11.1

Gary, Carlton (Stocking Strangler), 8.1, 8.2, 11.1

gender differences

in mindfulness training

in parental investment, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 6.1

ring-finger length and

in sexual perception

in violence, 1.1, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 5.2, 6.1

gene pool, survival of, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 11.1

genes

abnormalities in, 8.1, 11.1

brain, violence and, 8.1, 8.2

function of, itr.1, itr.2, 2.1, 7.1

gender differences and

“killer”

MAOA

and neurotransmitters

and poor parenting, 8.1, 8.2

selfish, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5

Genesis, 6.1, 6.2

genetic polymorphisms

genetics

as basis for crime, itr.1, 1.1, 2.1, 5.1, 5.2, 8.1, 11.1

in leukemia

molecular, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3

as predictor of violence

social factors and, 2.1, 8.1, 11.1

genocide

Germany, 1.1, 7.1, 11.1

Dutch occupation by

obesity in

surgical castration in, 9.1, 9.2, 11.1

Gesch, Bernard

Gini index

girls

antisocial

inappropriate sexual behavior in

lack of aggression in

sexual assault against

Gleevec (imatinib)

Glenn, Andrea, 2.1, 3.1, 5.1

Glock semiautomatic handgun, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3

glucose metabolism, 3.1, 3.2, 8.1

glucose-tolerance test

glutamatergic neurotransmitters

Goh, One

gonorrhea, 10.1, 10.2

Goodwin, Fred

goserelin

Gottschalk, Louis

government

escalating security programs of

in hypothetical future scenarios, 11.1, 11.2

gray matter, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 9.1

gender differences in

reduction in, 5.1, 8.1, 8.2

Greene, Josh, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3

Guantánamo Bay prison

guilt, 5.1, 9.1, 10.1

lack of, 3.1, 8.1

guns, 2.1, 7.1

affinity for, 11.1, 11.2

semiautomatic

toy

U.S. availability of, 1.1, 6.1

Gur, Raquel

Gur, Ruben

Gutmann, Amy

hair

heavy metal analysis of, 7.1, 7.2

signs of malnutrition in

hallucinations, 7.1, 11.1

Hare, Robert, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 8.1

Hare Psychopathy Checklist

Harris, Eric

Harris, Robert Alton

Harvard University, 3.1, 4.1, 6.1

head injury, itr.1, 1.1, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 8.1, 8.2

in antisocial individuals

in childhood, 5.1, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 10.1, 10.2

in murderers, 3.1, 5.1

varying outcomes of

heart rate

gender differences in

heritability of

high, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3

low, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 5.1, 6.1, 8.1, 10.1

and parental separation

as predictor of aggression, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3

heavy metal exposure, 7.1, 7.2, 8.1

heroin

Hibbeln, Joe, 7.1, 9.1

Hill, Darrel, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4

hippocampus, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 4.1, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4

maldevelopment of, 5.1, 5.2, 6.1, 6.2, 7.1

Hispanics

Hitchcock, Alfred

Hitler, Adolf, 10.1, 11.1

Hodges, Everett “Red”

homicide, 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 2.2

fantasies about

and fish consumption, 7.1, 7.2

history of

in hypothetical future scenarios, 11.1, 11.2

income inequality and

race in, 8.1, 10.1

and school performance

U.S. rate of, 6.1, 7.1

worldwide rates of, 7.1, 7.2

see also murder

Hong Kong, 3.1, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3

Hong Kong University, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 4.1, 4.2

hormones, in fetal development

Howard, Michael

Huberty, James Oliver, 7.1, 7.2

Hughes, Scott

Human Genome Project, prf.1, 2.1, 11.1

Hurt Locker, The

hyperactivity, 4.1, 5.1, 6.1, 6.2, 7.1, 9.1, 10.1

hypersensitivity

hypothalamus, 4.1, 5.1, 8.1

hypoxia, 6.1, 6.2

identical (monozygotic) twins, 2.1, 3.1

imatinib (Gleevec)

Imprisonment for Public Protection (IPP)

impulse control

absence of, 1.1, 2.1, 4.1, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 6.1, 7.1, 8.1, 9.1, 10.1, 10.2

neurotransmitters in, 2.1, 7.1

prefrontal cortex in, 3.1, 3.2, 9.1

schizophrenia and

incest, 9.1, 10.1

income inequality

indirect aggression

infanticide, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5

inferior frontal, 5.1, 5.2, 7.1, 8.1, 8.2

infidelity, 1.1, 6.1

insanity defense, 3.1, 5.1, 11.1

insula, 8.1, 8.2

insulin

intellect, in offenders, 2.1, 3.1, 4.1, 4.2

“interaction” hypothesis

Iowa gambling task, 5.1, 8.1

high, 4.1, 5.1, 7.1, 8.1

low, 2.1, 2.2, 6.1, 6.2, 7.1, 8.1, 10.1

iron deficiency, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, 7.6, 7.7, 9.1

Italy, Italians, in Lombroso’s hierarchy

James, William (char.)

Japan

fish consumption in, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 9.1

obesity in

jealousy, 1.1, 1.2

Jews

in Lombroso’s hierarchy

persecution of, 1.1, 10.1, 11.1

Joëlle (Mauritius study participant, Miss Mauritius), 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 9.1

Joint Child Health Project, 9.1, 9.2

Jones, Kenneth

Jonesboro middle school shooting

junk food

“junk food” defense

justice, argument for

Kaczynski, Ted (Unabomber), 3.1, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 7.1

Kahneman, Daniel

Kanka, Megan

Kellerman, Jonathan, prf.1, 8.1, 9.1, 11.1

Kiehl, Kent

“killer gene”

Kinkel, Bill, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, 11.4

Kinkel, Faith, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, 11.4

Kinkel, Kip, 7.1, 8.1, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, 11.4, 11.5, 11.6, 11.7

Klebold, Dylan

Konkol, Richard

Kraft, Randy (Freeway Killer, Scorecard Killer), 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 3.7, 3.8, 4.1, 5.1, 8.1

Kray, Reggie

Kray, Ron, 3.1, 7.1

Krollspell, Dr. (char.)

Kubrick, Stanley

!Kung Bushmen, environment and altruism in, 1.1, 1.2