Page numbers in italic refer to illustrations.
Aldrich, Cyrus
annuity money
disbursement linked to Dakota payments to traders
payments to whites out of, 2.1, 8.1
promised in treaties, 1.1, 2.1
rumors of payment in paper currency
delayed in June 1862, 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 4.1
Whipple on vanished funds, 10.1, 13.1, 15.1
Antietam, Battle of, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 15.1
Big Eagle
relating the words of Little Crow
Birch Coulee
Frazer fighting with whites at
Brandt, Frederick, 14.1, 14.2, 15.1
Brown, Joseph R., 8.1, 16.1, 17.1
Brown, Samuel J.
on Dakota families’ passing through Henderson
on Little Crow’s decision to leave for the plains
on massacre at Whitestone Hill
separating Dakota men from families
on Sibley’s army arriving at Camp Release
Burnside, Ambrose, 10.1, 15.1, 18.1
Camp Lincoln
Camp Release, 11.1
capital punishment via military commission, rules for
captives
Dakota peace party and, 11.1, 11.2
life with Dakota war party, 6.1, 6.2
Century of Dishonor, A (Jackson)
Chaska
mistaken execution of, 16.1, 16.2
and murder of Gleason, 2.1, 12.1
Sarah Wakefield
protected by, 2.1, 3.1, 3.2, 6.1, 12.1
Chicago, Whipple in, 4.1, 4.2, 10.1
Chippewa. See Ojibwe
chronology of Dakota War
August 4, 1862: confrontation at Upper Agency warehouse
August 4–18, 1862: councils between whites and Dakota
August 17, 1862
Hole in the Day contacts with other Ojibwe villages
killing of 5 settlers near Acton
August 18, 1862
attack on Lower Agency, 3.1, 6.1
capture of Sarah Wakefield, 2.1, 2.2
Mdwakanton Dakota council after Acton killings, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3
August 19, 1862
appointment of Sibley at head of volunteer soldiers
Galbraith’s written request for armed men
Little Crow’s refusal to release captives
Sarah Wakefield’s first full day of captivity
August 20, 1862
Whipple sharing the news in Faribault
August 21, 1862
Minnesota news arriving in Washington
publication of Greeley’s “Prayer for Twenty Millions,” 5.1, 5.2
August 22, 1862
Nicolay in Saint Paul, 7.1, 7.2
August 23, 1862: second attack on New Ulm
August 24, 1862: Sarah Wakefield’s captivity
August 25, 1862
beginning of Dakota retreat from Lower Agency, 7.1, 7.2
Lincoln’s decision to enlist black troops
Lincoln’s reply to Greeley’s “Prayer for Twenty Millions” published
August 26, 1862
Dakota retreat from Lower Agency
August 28, 1862
arrival of Dakota at Upper Agency
Little Crow across from Hazelwood Mission
August 29, 1862
arrival of Nicolay at Fort Ripley
arrival of Sibley’s forces at Fort Ridgely
September 2, 1862: Battle of Birch Coulee
September 3, 1862: Sibley’s first message to Little Crow
September 4, 1862: attack on Hutchinson
September 6, 1862
appointment of Pope to Minnesota
arrival of war party back near Hazelwood Mission
September 10, 1862: negotiations between Nicolay and Hole in the Day
September 12, 1862: Ross’s meeting with Lincoln
September 13, 1862
discovery of Lee’s “lost dispatch”
return of Nicolay to Washington
September 16, 1862
Whipple’s audience with Lincoln, 9.1, 9.2
September 21, 1862: Whipple’s speech to the First Minnesota after Antietam
September 22, 1862
Lincoln on imminent Emancipation Proclamation
visit of Whipple with McClellan
September 23, 1862: return of warriors after Battle of Wood Lake
September 24, 1862
Little Crow’s departure for Dakota Territory
Little Crow’s refusal to surrender
September 26, 1862
captives turned over to Sibley’s army
Saint Paul Daily Press on Emancipation Proclamation
September 28, 1862: formation of military commission
October 1–2, 1862
captives sent from Camp Release to Fort Ridgely
Dakota leaving Little Crow for Camp Release
October 5, 1862: Whipple’s sermon at Saint Thomas Church
October 11, 1862: separation of Dakota men from families
October 13, 1862: Pope on limits of his authority
October 14, 1862: Welles’s comment on Pope’s wish for executions
October 15, 1862: change in pace of Dakota trials
October 17, 1862: Lincoln on presidential sanction for executions
November 5, 1862: final death sentences in trials
November 6, 1862: departure of Dakota families from Lower Agency, 14.1, 14.2
November 8, 1862: departure of condemned prisoners from Lower Agency
November 9, 1862: attack on condemned prisoners moving past New Ulm
November 10, 1862
attack on Dakota families passing through Henderson
Lincoln’s request for trial transcripts
November 13, 1862: arrival of Dakota families at Fort Snelling
November 15, 1862: Miller’s taking over Camp Lincoln
December 1, 1862
Lincoln’s second annual message to Congress
Lincoln’s seeking advice from Holt
December 3, 1862: publication of Whipple’s “The Duty of Citizens Concerning the Indian Massacre”
December 5, 1862
move of prisoners from Camp Lincoln into Mankato
Wilkinson’s presentation to Congress on Dakota War
December 26, 1862: execution of 38 Dakota, 16.1, 16.2
Civil War, 5.1, 9.1. See also Antietam, Battle of; First Minnesota
Confederacy and Indians, 5.1, 5.2
impact on annuity payments to Indians, 1.1, 1.2
as origin of Dakota War, 15.1, 18.1
Union army
disregarding Indians as soldiers
“Cornerstone” speech (Stephens)
councils
of Dakotas and whites in August 1862
of Mdewakanton before Dakota War
Sisseton and Wahpeton in war council
Crow Creek reservation, 19.1, 20.1
Custer, George Armstrong, 5.1, 20.1
Cut Nose, 16.1
Daily Morning Chronicle, 18.1, 18.2
Dakota. See also Dakota before War; Dakota families after War; Mdewakanton Dakota; Sisseton Dakota; Wahpekute Dakota; Wahpeton Dakota; Yanktonais; Yanktons
confrontation at the Upper Agency warehouse on August 4, 1862
deaths after arrival at Crow Creek reservation
pushed west by Pope’s punitive expeditions
Sarah Wakefield’s attitudes toward
traditional conflicts with Ojibwe
Dakota before War
better treatment of farming Dakota
relationship with whites in earlier days, 1.1, 2.1
Dakota families after War
travel from Fort Snelling internment camp to Crow Creek reservation
travel from Lower Agency to Fort Snelling internment camp, 14.1, 14.2
Dakota trials. See also execution of condemned Dakota; military commission
Pope and
response to announcement of review by Lincoln of trials
sending names of 303 Dakota sentenced to death
presidential review of transcripts, 15.1, 15.2
reprieved Dakota pardoned by Andrew Johnson
standard of culpability set by Pope
rejected in Washington, 15.1, 15.2
Dakota War
as beginning of Indian Wars of the Northwest, itr.1, 20.1
causes of
Annual Report of the Secretary of the Interior on
compared to other encounters between whites and Indians
Lincoln on in second annual message to Congress
tiyotipi (soldiers’ lodge) in, 1.1, 6.1, 8.1, 8.2
Dakota war parties
numbers ready to fight Sibley’s army
Dallas, Alexander Grant, 19.1, 19.2
Dana, Napoleon Jackson Tecumseh, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3
Dole, William P., 7.1
on connection of Civil War and Dakota War
negotiations with Ojibwe, 7.1, 7.2, 8.1, 8.2
presenting chieftains to Lincoln
“Duty of Citizens Concerning the Indian Massacre, The” (Whipple), 4.1, 9.1, 15.1
Eastern Dakota. See Mdewakanton Dakota; Sisseton Dakota; Wahpekute Dakota; Wahpeton Dakota
“Elegy Written in a Country Church-Yard” (Gray)
Elements of Military Art and Science (Halleck)
Emancipation Proclamation
announced in Saint Paul Daily Press
dance and death songs, 16.1, 16.2
delayed for lack of proper rope
mistaken inclusion of Chaska, 16.1, 16.2
scaffold, 16.1, 16.2, 16.3, 21.1
extermination of Sioux Indians in Minnesota, references to, 11.1, 12.1, 13.1
extinguishment of Indian titles, 5.1, 16.1
Faribault, Minnesota, 4.1, 4.2
Feast of the Virgins and Other Poems, The (Gordon)
First Minnesota
Fort Randall, arrival of Dakota at
Fort Snelling, 4.1
Fort Snelling internment camp, 17.1, 17.2
arrival of Dakota families, 14.1, 14.2
confirmations by Whipple at, 17.1, 17.2
Frazer, Jack
in fight against the Sac and Fox
Little Crow and, 3.1, 6.1, 12.1
and confrontation at Upper Agency warehouse
recruiting for Civil War, 1.1, 18.1
requesting armed men from governor
on responsibility of traders in Dakota War
riding with Dakota families to Fort Snelling
separating Dakota men from families
Gleason, George, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 8.1
Godfrey, Joseph
as informal prosecutor during trials, 14.1, 16.1
Gorman, Willis A., 6.1, 10.1, 10.2
Grant, Hiram P.
Grant, Ulysses S.
Greeley, Horace
“Prayer for Twenty Millions,” 5.1, 5.2
reaction to Emancipation Proclamation
Halleck, Henry Wager
letter to Pope about Sibley’s promotion to brigadier-general
Hay, John, 7.1, 7.2, 8.1, 17.1
Heard, Isaac
anonymous letter to the editor of the Saint Paul Pioneer
History of the Sioux War and Massacres of 1862 and 1863
trial recorder, 12.1, 12.2, 16.1
Herndon, William, itr.1, aft.1
hierarchy, views of whites and Dakota on
Hinman, Samuel
living at Fort Snelling internment camp, 17.1, 17.2
on paper currency replacing gold payment
requesting move of Dakota from Crow Creek reservation
riding with Dakota families to Fort Snelling
History of the Sioux War and Massacres of 1862 and 1863 (Heard)
Hole in the Day (Bagone-glizhig), 8.1
Indian delegation to the White House, March 1863, 18.1, 18.2
Indian Legends and Other Poems (Gordon)
Indian policy. See also removal policy
Lincoln’s belief in necessity of reform
peace policy of Grant, 5.1, 21.1
Whipple
Indians
Marshall’s definition of tribes, 5.1, 12.1
in military conflicts on North American soil, 5.1, aft.1
Indian Trade and Intercourse Act
Iron Face. See Frazer, Jack
Killdeer Mountain, Battle of (June 1864)
killings in the settlements
Little Crow on killing of women and children, 6.1, 12.1
white versus Dakota perspective
LaBarthe, François, 14.1, 14.2
Lamson, Chauncey, 20.1, 20.2, 21.1
Laramie, First Treaty of (1851)
Legends of the Northwest (Gordon)
Lights and Shadows of a Long Episcopate (Whipple)
Lincoln, Abraham, 5.1
Cooper Union speech admired by Greeley
and Dakota trials
instruction on reviewing trial transcripts
list of names of Dakota to be executed
seeking legal counsel on execution of Dakota
early years
captain of Fourth Illinois Regiment of Mounted Volunteers, itr.1, aft.1
on service in Black Hawk War, itr.1, aft.1
letters of Whipple to
meeting with Whipple, 9.1, 9.2
reading telegrams at War Department
receiving delegation of tribal chieftains on March 27, 1863, 18.1, 18.2
rejecting Smith’s analysis of cause of Dakota War
reversal of policy in Oklahoma Territory
second annual message to Congress
Lincoln, Mary Todd
Pope during pre-inaugural journey
Lincoln, Mordecai, itr.1, aft.1
Little Big Horn, Battle of (1876), itr.1, 5.1, 20.1
Little Crow, 1.1. See also Little Crow before Dakota War; Taoyateduta
after the attack on Lower Agency
attempts to forge military alliances, 6.1, 8.1, 17.1
during August 18 attack on Lower Agency
conversations with Susan Brown, 6.1, 11.1
in councils
proper burial of remains in 1970
grandfather’s participation on side of Britain in War of 1812
on killing of women and children, 6.1, 12.1
leaving after Battle of Wood Lake
message in Saint Paul newspapers
physical feat witnessed by Sibley
plan for attack on Fort Snelling
relationship with tiyotipi, 6.1, 8.1
request of distribution of goods at Lower Agency
returning from battle against Sibley
in Minnesota alone with his son
wounded at second attack on Fort Ridgely
Little Crow before Dakota War
accommodation to the white world
land-cession treaties signed by
understanding of impact of war
Lower Agency
Dakota attack on August 18, 3.1, 11.1
Dakota retreat from on August 26, 1863
summer kitchen of LaBathe serving as courtroom, 14.1, 14.2
Lower Agency Dakota. See Mdewakanton Dakota; Wahpekute Dakota
Manifest Destiny, 1.1, 5.1, 21.1
Mankato
condemned prisoners at, 14.1, 14.2
Marsh, John
with reinforcements from Fort Ridgely on August 18
taking command of Upper Agency
Marshall, William R.
and move of Dakota families to Fort Snelling, 14.1, 14.2
Mayo, William W.
and remains of Cut Nose, 16.1, 21.1
Mazakutemani, Paul
at council near Red Iron’s village
riding with Dakota families to Fort Snelling
speaker of Upper Agency Dakota, 8.1, 8.2
McClellan, George B., 5.1, 10.1
relationship with Whipple, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3
in fight against the Sac and Fox
importance of the confluence of the Minnesota and Mississippi
New Ulm on site of seasonal village of
villages in migratory cycle of
“Meditation on the Divine Will” (Lincoln)
military commission. See also Dakota trials
as form of wartime legal proceeding
jurisdiction supported by Whiting and Ruggles
no burden of proof on prosecution
Miller, Stephen
protecting condemned prisoners at Camp Lincoln, 15.1, 16.1
federal help for state recovery from Dakota War
federal officials in during Dakota War
migration to in 1840s and 1850s
Whipple as Episcopal bishop of
New Ulm
Whipple’s preaching at Saint Thomas Church
New York Times
on use of paroled war prisoners to fight Indians
on Whipple’s sermon at Saint Thomas Church
Nicolay, John G., 7.1
on annual presidential message
article on Hole in the Day in Harper’s
article on “Sioux War” in Continental Monthly
on council with Hole in the Day, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3
at delegation of tribal chieftains
on Emancipation Proclamation and permanent separation of blacks and whites
in Minnesota during Dakota War, 7.1, 7.2, 8.1
Ojibwe
and Dakota, fm1.1, 2.1, 4.1, 6.1, 6.2, 8.1, 11.1
and Little Crow, 1.1, 6.1, 6.2, 19.1, 19.2
rumors of alliance with Dakota
“Panorama of the Indian Massacre of 1862 and the Black Hills, The,” 21.1, 21.2
photographs
of Fort Snelling internment camp, 17.1, 17.2
Poffenberger, Joseph, farm of, 10.1, 10.2
Pond, Gideon H.
at Fort Snelling internment camp
Pond, Samuel W.
at Fort Snelling internment camp
as source of information for Neill’s History of Minnesota
Pope, John, 8.1. See also Dakota trials
appointment to Minnesota during Dakota War
attempt to use former Union prisoners to fight Indians
instructions to Sibley to pursue Little Crow, 13.1, 13.2
lack of understanding of settlers’ situations
punitive expeditions in June 1863
questioning limits of his executive authority
messages
inaccuracies and overstatements in, 10.1, 14.1, 14.2
to Sibley on total extermination of Sioux
and military commissions
lack of knowledge of protocols for
plan to shield Indian reservations from white encroachment
recommending Halleck as general in chief
“Prayer for Twenty Millions” (Greeley)
presidents and public visitors
Ramsey, Alexander, 4.1
appointing Sibley at head of militia
committing Minnesota soldiers to Civil War
on Dakota hostilities as “national war”
encouraging Pope in belief of Little Crow’s threat
on extermination of Sioux Indians of Minnesota
messages
August 21 to Stanton, 5.1, 5.2
August 25 to Stanton about delays in draft for Civil War
receiving Galbraith’s request for armed men
Ravoux, Augustin
at Fort Snelling internment camp
spiritual adviser to condemned Dakota, 16.1, 16.2, 16.3
religion
removal policy
Renville Rangers, 1.1, 6.1, 13.1
“Report of an Exploration of the Territory of Minnesota” (Pope)
Rice, Henry
giving to Lincoln statement signed by Episcopal bishops
Riggs, Stephen R.
appeal to Lincoln on behalf of Chaska (Robert Hopkins)
on deaths in Fort Snelling internment camp, 17.1, 17.2
at Fort Snelling internment camp
information gathered from mixed-bloods and friendly Dakota
as source of information for Neill’s History of Minnesota
trip to Washington in August 1862
Round Wind (Tatemina), 11.1, 16.1
Saint Columba (Episcopal mission)
Saint Paul, 4.1
Davenport attacked by crowd in
Saint Paul Daily Press
proclamation by Ramsey to the people of Minnesota
Saint Paul Daily Union
on move of prisoners from Camp Lincoln to Mankato
on purported killing of an Indian woman near internment camp
Saint Paul Pioneer
about move of final group of Dakota
on purported killing of an Indian woman near internment camp
“Statement of Wo-wi-nap-e, Captured July 28th”
Shakopee
Sarah Wakefield in, 2.1, 2.2, 16.1
second edition of Six Weeks printed in
Sheehan, Timothy
opening Upper Agency warehouse
Sibley, Henry Hastings, 8.1
formation of military commission
messages during Dakota War
“open letter” to “innocent” Indians
moving north to meet Little Crow’s Dakotas
in Pope’s punitive expeditions, 20.1, 20.2, 20.3
rules prohibiting men from interacting with Dakota, 13.1, 14.1
wish to be released from his command
Sisseton Dakota
gathering at Upper Agency in summer of 1862
occupying abandoned Upper Agency
symbol of Indian resistance to white encroachment
Six Weeks in the Sioux Tepees (Wakefield), 19.1, 21.1
Smith, Caleb
correspondence with Whipple about Dakota
on expulsion of Dakota and Ho-Chunks
Standing Buffalo
Stanton, Edwin
letter appointing Pope to Minnesota, 8.1, 10.1
Ramsey’s telegrams to
sharing Pope’s telegrams with Cabinet
taking over Halleck’s responsibilities
“Statement of Wo-wi-nap-e, Captured July 28th”
St. Cloud Democrat, 14.1, 15.1
Stoddard, William O., 7.1, 9.1
Straight Tongue. See Whipple, Henry Benjamin
Swisshelm, Jane Grey, 15.1, 16.1
Taoyateduta. See also Little Crow
in fight against the Sac and Fox
Thompson, Clark W.
choice of Crow Creek reservation site
Indian superintendent of the Northern Department
in Minnesota to negotiate with Ojibwe at Pembina, 7.1, 7.2
Thunder That Paints Itself Blue
spokesman for Little Crow at council with Upper Agency Dakota
tiyotipi (soldiers’ lodge) of Lower Dakota
relationship with Little Crow, 6.1, 8.1
surrounding Sisseton and Wahpeton camp
tiyotipi (soldiers’ lodge) of Upper Dakota
traders
blamed by Galbraith for inciting Dakota War
early traders assimilated into Dakota life
interests defended by Sibley in 1851 treaty
as political appointees and professional creditors
Trail of Tears, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 7.1
treaties
promise of annual payments in gold coin, 1.1, 2.1
reserved set sums for disbursements to Dakota
Dakota loss of Mississippi River and valley
reserved set sums for disbursements to Dakota
treaty of 1858
reserved set sums for disbursements to Dakota
result of Little Crow’s meeting with Buchanan
Upper Agency
appointment of John Luman Wakefield to
confrontation at the warehouse on August 4, 1862
Upper Agency Dakota. See Sisseton Dakota; Wahpeton Dakota
Usher, John Palmer
visit to Minnesota, 15.1, 15.2
Wahpekute Dakota, 2.1, 8.1, 13.1
Wahpeton Dakota
gathering at Upper Agency in summer of 1862
occupying abandoned Upper Agency
Wakefield, James, 2.1, 8.1, 11.1
Wakefield, John Luman, 2.1, 2.2
Wakefield, Nellie (Lucy), 2.1, 21.1
as captive
brought to Little Crow’s village
on Dakota retreat from Lower Agency
relationship with Dakota women, 2.1, 11.1
and husband
interrogation by court of inquiry
letters to Riggs
letter to Lincoln, March 23, 1863
reassuring Chaska about his safety, 11.1, 12.1
waiting for Sibley’s army at peace camp
Wakiyantoecheye. See Thunder That Paints Itself Blue
Walker, Lucius C.
on Ojibwe gathering of warriors
Washington, D.C.
Little Crow’s trips to, 1.1, 6.1, 10.1
Welles, Gideon
at delegation of tribal chieftains
on Lincoln’s stays of execution
Western Dakota. See Yankton; Yanktonais
Whipple, Henry Benjamin, 4.1
after Dakota War
confirmations at Fort Snelling internment camp, 17.1, 17.2
on deaths in Fort Snelling internment camp
fund-raising for the war’s white survivors
protecting Christian Dakota in Minnesota, 20.1, 21.1
requesting move of Dakota from Crow Creek reservation
weekly visits at Fort Snelling internment camp
at Antietam
visit with McClellan after battle
audience with Lincoln, 9.1, 9.2
on creation of an independent commission to oversee Indian affairs
before Dakota War
letters to presidents on behalf of Dakota
letter to Halleck, December 4, 1862
mission church among the Lower Agency Dakota, 4.1, 4.2
in New York
at meeting of Episcopal bishops, 13.1, 13.2, 14.1
preaching on Indian missions at Saint Thomas Church in New York
preface to Jackson’s Century of Dishonor
researching government’s dealings with Indians
travels around his diocese, 4.1, 4.2
whites
fear of confederation of Indians
relationship with Dakota in early days of frontier, 1.1, 2.1
in the settlements
Whiting, George C.
reviewing trial transcripts, 15.1, 15.2
visit to Minnesota, 15.1, 15.2
Wilkinson, Morton S.
correspondence with Whipple about Dakota
Williamson, John P.
on condition of Dakota transported by boat
on Fort Snelling internment camp, 17.1, 17.2
requesting move of Dakota from Crow Creek reservation
riding with Dakota families to Fort Snelling
Williamson, Thomas S.
appeal to Lincoln on behalf of Chaska (Robert Hopkins)
protecting Christian Dakota in Minnesota
requesting move of Dakota from Crow Creek reservation
as source of information for Neill’s History of Minnesota
as spiritual adviser of men to be executed, 16.1, 16.2
Winnebagoes see Ho-Chunks
Wood Lake, Battle of, 11.1, 14.1
Wounded Knee Creek (1890), itr.1, 5.1, 20.1
Wowinape, 20.1
and confirmation of Little Crow’s death
relating the words of Little Crow
Yanktonais
Yanktons