Index

abhieka (ritual ablutions), 33, 34

crya (teacher), 195

crya parampar (lineage of teachers), 94

acetana (insentient beings), 201

adamtma, 89

Adhyayanotsavam (Festival of Recitation), 6, 33, 35

diea, 114

Ahaly, 227

ahakra (self-importance), 124

ajnna (ignorance), 191, 204

akam (interior), 112, 194

akavacr, 44n19

Akrra, 99, 232

Aakar Kyil, 199

alakra (ornamentation), 33, 34, 47n52, 119

alkul, 105

vr Tirunakari, 35, 200

Amar Chitra Katha, 38

ammi, 205

mpal flowers, 40, 109

a a (emanation), 114

aicctta, 98

Anaga, 193

Andal Kalyanam, 37

Agada, 228

Aniruddha, 114, 233–34

Annangarachariar, 82, 83

Annangarachariar Press, 42

, 17–18, 43n3, 81, 133, 224–25 (see also Ncciyr Tirumoi; Tiruppvai)

Annual Bathing Festival of, 34

commentary of works of, 31–33

enactment of, at rvilliputtr temple, 34–35

historical, and place among vr, 5–7

story of, 4–5

and women poet-saints of India, 7–16

and Her Path of Love, 38–39

, Tirukaamakai, 225

Antar, 205

antarka (the heavens), 122

antarymin (in-dweller of sentient beings), 98, 122

antti, 143

anubhava, 31, 33, 49n76

anubhava grantha, 31, 33, 49n76

anypadertha (literal meaning), 82

anyrha eatva, 124

Araiyar Cvai (service of the Araiyars), 35–36 Araiyars, 133, 199

ryirappai, 82

Arjuna, 216, 230

Aputatiruvantti, 8

artha pañcaka (five truths), 119, 132

Arundale, Rukmini, 37

ritapakapdam (impartial protection), 123

rita paratantra (devotion to devotees), 93

atama, 89

Attuy, 117

avatra, 16, 89, 98, 114, 116, 122, 131

Avecr, 44n19

yarpi, 12, 17, 18, 87, 113, 116, 123, 129, 143, 199, 201, 218 (see also Vndvana)

Ayodhy, 191

Baksura, 107, 199, 231

Baladeva. See Balarma Balarma, 111, 114, 218, 232, 233

Ba, 233–34

Bram, 218

Benton, Catherine, 191, 192

Bhagavad Gt, 83, 85, 92, 136, 137, 216, 230

bhagavat-anubhavam (enjoyment of god), 103

Bhgavata Pura, 17, 18, 45n26, 46n33, 83, 123, 133, 193, 196, 199, 230–34

bhgavatas (those who worship Viu), 102

bhaktas (devotees), 102

Bhaktilocana, 218

bhakti mrga (exclusive devotion), 137

bhakti songs, 6

bhakti yoga (the discipline of devotion), 209, 230

Bharata, 217, 227, 228, 229

Bharatantyam, 37

Bhaar, Parara, 135, 143, 224

Bhma, 215

bhoga (worldly experience), 198

Bh Dev, 6, 8, 15, 16, 38, 190, 191, 205, 215, 225

brahmamuhrta, 86

Brahmins, 35, 38, 85, 88, 99, 142, 204, 225

Bryant, Edwin, 45n26, 230

Cakam poems, 121, 194, 202, 218

and anthologies, 7

of war, 18–19

Cakam Tami, 144

caku (conch), 28–30, 47n44

Cra, 233

carama loka, 230

cekaunr, 109

cetana (sentient beings), 138, 201

Cilappatikram, 32, 33, 219

ciil. See sandcastles, song of Citralekh, 233

clothes, song for, 154–56, 196–97

collective union, 121

collective voice, 26–27

communal worship, importance of, 96–110, 133

conch bangles, song for, 215–16

cikkouttava, 4

Cutler, Norman, 8, 17, 18, 19, 49n75, 143

Damanakotsava (Festival of the Damanaka Flower), 191

Dmodara. See Viu dark rain clouds, song to, 208–10

Dsa, Tiruvauti Valandu, 135

Daaratha, 227, 228

Dehejia, Vidya, 14, 19, 38, 108

desire, song of, 219

deva, 32

Devak, 197, 231

devaloka (the world of the gods), 122

dharma, of women, 38

divination, song of, 157–58, 198–200

divya dea, 6

Divyasricaritram, 37

Draupad, 92, 229

Durg, 205

Duryodhana, 123, 135, 229

Dvrak, 217, 219, 233

l r empvy (refrain), 19–20, 40–41

eai kppu (oil anointment), 34

Eai Kppu Utsavam, 48n53

erotic sentiment, 12

Gajendra, 196, 201

garbha gha, 5, 47n52, 212

Garua, 97, 206

God Maali, 38

Godvar, 92

God of Desire, 191

Gokula, 231, 232

gop girls, 15, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 26–27, 35, 36, 81, 82, 84, 85, 92, 94, 96, 99, 101, 103–6, 109–10, 111, 118, 120, 122, 124–26, 129, 130, 133, 134–37, 139–40, 144, 194, 195, 196, 198–99, 201, 202, 211, 232

Govardhana mountain, 195, 232

Govinda. See Ka

gua, 84, 102, 135, 192

Hall of Thousand Pillars, 6

Hanumn, 190, 193, 208, 209, 211, 220, 228–29

Hari nmasakrtana (recitation of Viu names), 83

Hari Vaa, 230

Hawley, John Stratton, 9, 38

Heifetz, Hank, 39

Hopkins, Steven, 39

Hudson, Dennis, 14, 45n26

Indologese, 39

Indra, 195, 203, 232

ryirappai, 82

Iyengar, Ariyakudi Ramanuja, 36

Iyengar, Krishnaswamy, 42

Jagannathachariar, C., 83, 135

Janaka, 227

Jayus, 228

Jiyar, Vanamamalai, 94

jnna bhakti, 204

jnna mrga (discerning wisdom), 137

Kaikey, 227, 228

kaikarya (loving service), 84, 96

Kksura, 118, 119

Kalakshetra Andal Charitram (’s Story), 37

Klidsa, 208, 209

kalippa meter, 11, 44n19

kali viruttam meter, 198

Kliya, 199, 231

kalya gua (auspicious qualities), 135

Kmadeva, 23, 195, 220, 233

song to, 147–50, 191–93

Kasa, 92, 99, 110, 113, 130, 197, 199, 231, 232, 233

ka. See Ka

Kaaki, 219

kntal (castor-oil plant), 213

kppu (protection), 130

Kraikklammaiyr, 7–8

karma mrga (path of desirelessness), 137

karuvai (Babul tree), 211

kastri (deer musk), 211

katampa tree, 231, 232

Ktyyan goddess, 17, 232

Kausaly, 217, 227

ky (Memecylon malabarcium), 211

kayal, 89

kikii, 125

Kikindh, 228

koccaka kalippa meter, 39

koai (Golden Shower Tree), 212

Ktai. See

Kvala, 219

kovvai (scarlet gourd), 213

Krishna Bhakti, 37

kp (compassion), 124

Ka,9, 12, 15, 16, 18, 19–22, 24, 26–27, 33, 35, 37, 40, 81, 82, 83, 85, 86, 90, 92, 96, 98, 99–102, 103, 105, 107, 110–16, 118–22, 124–26, 128–31, 134, 135, 136–40, 194–96, 204, 211, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220–21, 224, 229, 230–34

vow and quest for, 88

knubhavam (the enjoyment of Ka), 86, 103, 121

kasalea (union with Ka), 86, 195, 196–97, 198

Kumbhakara, 104

Kuruketra, 230

kuruntai tree, 196

Kuuntokai, 32

Kua, 229

kal, 198, 199

kuvaai, 89

Kuvalaypa, 199, 232

Kuyil, song to, 159–62, 201–3

Lakmaa, 96, 114, 193, 227, 228

Lakm, 115, 199, 225

lament, song of, 213–14

laukika (worldly), 89

Lava, 229

ll vibhti (material world of play), 119

liturgical recitation, 33

Lokcrya, Piai, 132

love-sickness, 199

Mci, 192, 193

Mdhava. See Ka madhyama, 89

Mahbhrata, 92, 123, 135, 215, 229–30

Mahdevyakka, 8

Mlirunclai, 13

Mmya. See Ka

Mmi, 102

maala (magical diagrams), 192, 193

maali, 38

magalsanam, 128

Mani, Vettam, 230

Mikkavcakar, 19, 46n27, 111

Maiprava, 31, 47n48, 82, 83, 189

Maipuri dance, 37

maapa, 34

Mrca, 228

Mrkai (December–January), 12, 17–18, 33, 51, 85–87, 108

bathing in, 34–35, 133

Mrkai Nra Utsavam (Festival of Ceremonial Bathing in Mrkai). See Mrkai

maruta trees, 199

Mtali, 203

mtavi, 117

Mathur, 93, 130, 217, 218, 219, 231, 232

Maturai, 198, 219

Mya, 93

Myvat, 233

meditative sleep. See yoga nidr (meditative sleep)

Meghadta, 208, 209

metonomy, 30

metonymy, 30, 194

Mr, 9, 37, 38

Mithil, 227

moka, 38, 132, 137

Mount Kaila, 7

muni (sages), 96

muacu, 18–19

mrti (embodiment), 98

Muika, 233

Mutt, 7

muttukkui (divination with pearls), 35–36, 199–200

Mvyirappai, 82

Naachiyar: Mystic Search for the Divine, 37

Ncciyr Tirumoi, 8, 10, 11, 12–13, 14–15, 32, 37, 38, 39, 41–42, 47n43, 82, 90, 101, 111, 127, 140, 142, 143, 144 (see also )

and Araiyar Cvai at rvilliputtr, 35–36

Cintra Cempoi (Crimson Ladybirds), 171–73, 211–12

Kaa Eum (Kaa, My Dark Lord), 183–85, 219

Karkal Pkk (O Dark Flowers), 174–76, 213–14

Karuppram Num (Are They Fragrant as Camphor), 166–67, 206–7

Ki Aaippata Muam (Even Before the Rooster Crowed), 154–56, 196–97

Mau Perum Puka Mtava (The Greatly Famed Mdhava), 159–62, 201–3

Mau Iruntr (All of You Do Not Understand), 180–82, 217–18

myths and names in, 236t–40t

Nmam yiram (Praised with a Thousand Names), 151–53, 194–95

Pai Myntu (Have You Seen Him Here?), 186–88, 220–21

recurring symbols in, 27–30

rhetorical posture in, 16

ritual lives of, 33–34

structure of, 23–27

Tai Oru Tika (In the month of Tai), 147–50, 191–93

Tm Ukakkum (What Is Dear to Him), 177–80, 215–16

taiya, 224–25

Teiyr Palar (Scholar and Gods), 157–58, 198–200

Vraam Ayiram (Surrounded by a Thousand Elephants), 163–65, 204–5

Vi Nla Mlppu (O Clouds Spread Like Blue Cloth), 168–70, 208–10

violence and violation aspects in, 13–14

voice and place in, 25t

Nlyira Divya Prabandham (The Divine Collection of Four Thousand), 6, 9, 11, 14, 31, 33, 35, 42

Nlyirappai, 82

n pu (Daily Song), 34

nma sakrtana (recitation of the names of god), 195

Nammvr, 6, 33, 46n 41, 82, 83, 134, 143, 204, 211, 221

Nampiai, 31

Nandagopa, 86, 111, 113, 114, 129, 136, 218, 231

Nappiai, 15, 16, 17, 20, 21, 22, 33, 35, 82, 111, 112, 115, 116, 118–22, 124, 126, 199, 224

Nara-Nryaa, 195

Nryaa(). See Viu

Narayanan, Vasudha, 38

Nthamuni, 223

Nyar, Aakiya Maava Perum, 82

nyamr, 7

neuml (tall lord), 131

nirhetuka kp (causeless love), 123

nikma karma (desireless action), 230

nitya kaikarya (eternal loving service), 139

nityasri (eternal beings), 32, 206

An Ornament for Jewels, 39

Padmanbha. See Viu

Padma Pura, 191

Pa, 19

Panccana, 28

pañca cayaam, 119

pñcajanya (Viu’s conch), 132, 133, 206–7

Pakui, 192

para bhakti (great devotion), 204

paai (drums), 18, 19, 20, 22, 32, 40, 84, 130, 134, 136, 139–40, 144, 220

para jnna (discerning knowledge), 204

parama bhakti (supreme/exclusive devotion), 204, 205, 220, 221

paramabhogya (incomparable intoxicant, 88

Parama. See Viu

para svarpa (the nature of god), 132

paratva (transcendence), 102, 132

Paripal 11, 17, 46n30

parrot, significance of, 202, 202–3

pvai npu, 12, 17, 84, 88, 133, 192

pyiram (preface), 84, 85–93

praravam (great sound), 97

Periyvr. See Viucitta

Periyvr Tirumoi, 5, 6, 11, 37

Periya Nampi, 117

periyy (supreme), 122

Pyvr, 81

phala ruti verses (benedictory verses), 5, 47n43, 101, 142, 143, 144–45, 193, 205, 214, 216

piccai (alms), 88

Piai, Periyavcc, 31–33, 41, 49n76, 81, 82, 83, 85, 88, 89, 90, 98, 99, 106, 116, 118, 121, 132, 135, 189, 190, 191, 192, 193, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 201, 202, 204, 205, 206, 208, 209, 210, 211, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 219, 220, 227

Pradyumna, 193, 233

Pralamba, 218, 232

prpaka, 86

prpya, 86

pjas, 33

puram (exterior), 112, 124, 194

Puanru, 44–45n20

Puric Encyclopedia, 230

Purusottama, 89

puruakra (intermediary figure), 17, 111, 114, 115, 116, 118, 119, 121, 206, 215

pururtha kaikarya (the goal of life as loving service to god), 140

pururthas (the goals of life), 84, 119

pururtha svarpa (the nature of the goal), 132

Ptan, 96, 231

Putuvai. See rvilliputtr

pvai, 127

questions and answers, song of, 220–21

rkasa, 107, 108

Rma, 106, 107, 118, 122, 128, 132, 134, 191, 193, 195, 196, 205, 209, 213, 217, 227, 228, 229

Raman, Jayanthi, 37

Rmnuja, 32, 47n52, 116–17, 190, 212, 224

Ramanujan, A. K., 8, 18

Rmyaa, 83, 92, 102, 105, 107, 114, 118, 122, 126, 132, 135, 190, 192, 197, 208, 209, 213, 217, 227

Rmyaa, Vlmki, 31, 33, 49n76, 227–29

Ragantha, 5

Ragarmnuja, 82

Rat, 17, 233

Ratnam, Anita, 37

Rvaa, 92, 106, 107, 123, 130, 213, 228, 229

Rukmavat, 233

Rukmi, 233

Rukmi, 115, 215, 233

sacred places, song of, 217–18

sdhana (practices), 138

akaa, 97

Sma, 192, 193

ambara, 233

sambhoga (union), 120

sasra (cycles of birth and death), 124, 125, 195

sandcastles, song of, 194–95

sannysis (renunciants), 88

rga, 91

aragati (surrender), 137, 139

Saray river, 192, 229

sarvevara (god of gods), 120

Sathakopan, Sri Varadachari Oppiliappan, 83

atrughna, 227

sattva gua (virtue of luminosity), 192

saulabhya (accessibility), 131, 135, 138

saulya (graciousness), 135

ayana tirukklam (The Depiction of the Attitude of Repose), 33, 119

self-delusion, 124

self-mutilation, 14

self-portraits, verbal, 143

sensuality, 14

sexual union, 46, 86, 111, 116, 121, 122, 137, 197

Singing the Body of God, 39

iupla, 123, 196, 199, 234

St, 32, 92, 102, 106, 107, 115, 118, 119, 135, 190, 196, 205, 208, 211, 215, 220, 227, 228, 229

iva, 7, 8, 212, 233, 234

Songs of Experience, 49n75, 143

r, 120

r Dev, 6, 13, 15, 205

Srinivasa Press, 42

rragam, 4, 35, 200, 216, 224

rtvam (the character of r), 120

rvilliputtr, 3–4, 12, 33, 34, 101, 119, 133, 142–43, 200, 212, 225

gra (desire/love), 209

sttvam (womanly nature), 124

Sugrva, 228

Sumitr, 227

Sundararja Perum, 212

rpaakh, 118, 132, 135, 228

svabhva, 135

svpadertha (esoteric meaning), 82, 91

sva svarpa (the nature of one’s self), 132

svtantriya (quality of independence), 113, 124, 213, 215, 217

Swami, Srinivasa Aiyyankar, 83

Tai, 147–50, 191–93

tai nral, 17–18

tli (sacred thread in marriage), 204

Tami bhakti poems, 41

Tami poetic meters, 44n19

Tami syntax, 39

taiyas (laudatory poem), 9, 145

Ncciyr Tirumoi, 224–25

Tiruppvai, 223–24

taumai, 19

Tak, 227

Thergth, 7

Tiruiraaimaimlai, 8

Tirukkiyr, 224

Tirumlirunclai groves, song in, 211–12

Tirumakaiyvr, 35, 48n57

Tiruneuntakam, 35, 48n57

Tiruppallu, 11, 128, 132, 133

Tiruppvai, 9, 11–12, 14, 25, 32, 36, 38, 39, 40, 41–42, 81, 191, 192, 194 (see also )

i Maai Ka, 54, 90

Amparam Tare, 67, 114–15

and vr concordance, 94t

Akam Nlattu, 72, 124–25

Aivvulakam, 74, 128–29

baths in, 17–18

Ciañciukl, 79, 136–41

demarcation between devotee and consort in, 15–16

drums in, 18, 19

l r empvy (refrain) in, 19–20

Ell Iakiiy, 65, 110

a Kalaka, 71, 122–23

as imagined reality, 16

Kaaittia Kaerumai, 62, 106

Kaavaika Pi Ceu, 78, 136–39

Kaukkaavai, 61, 105

Kcu Kcu, 57, 98

Kvam Veeu, 58, 99–100

Krai Vellum, 77, 134–35

Kuttu Viakkeriya, 69, 118–19

Ml Maiva, 76, 132–33

Mri Maai Muañcil, 73, 126–27

Mrkai Tika, 51, 85–87

Myaai Mau, 55, 91–93

Muppattu Mvar, 70, 120–21

myths in, 236t–38t

Nyakaai Nia, 66, 113

Nuccuvarkam, 60, 103–4

ki Ulakaanta, 53, 89

Orutti Makay Piantu, 75, 130–31

Puivy Kai, 63, 107–8

Puum Cilampia Kn, 56, 96–97

ritual lives of, 33–34

structure of, 20–23

taiya, 223–24

Tmai Mattu, 59, 101–2

Uka Puaikkaai, 64, 109

Untu Mata Kaia, 68, 116–17

Vaiyattu Vvrk, 52, 88

Vakakkaal, 80, 142–45

vows in, 17

Tiruppvai Jyar. See Rmnuja

Tiruvlaku Mtta Tiruppatikams, 8

Tiruvymoi, 6, 82, 134, 143, 204, 211, 221

Tiruvempvai, 19, 46n27, 48n53, 108, 111

Tiruviruttam, 32

Tiruvymoi, 46n41

tulas plant, 4, 40, 104

ttu/sandea (messenger) poems, 201–2

tuyileai (waking-up), 94

upamna (known object), 90

upameya, 90

upya, 86

upya svarpa (the nature of the means), 132

upeya, 86

am uaiyy (unknowable), 122

U, 233, 234

Uttama. See Viu

Uyyakotr, 143

Uyyakor, 223

Vaikuha, 88, 122, 140

Vaikuha. See Ka

Valampuri, 91, 207

Vlin, 228

Vmana, 89

vaka-k katal, 145

vrppaam (bronze casting procedure), 214

Vasiha, 128

Vasudeva, 197, 231

Vaapatrayi (lord who reclines on a banyan leaf), 133

vtsalya (maternal love), 106, 123, 124, 132z

Vednta Deika, 6, 39

Vedas, 122

Veeraraghavachariar, Uttamur, 82, 83, 189, 191

Vkaam, 127, 201, 208, 209, 210, 211, 224

Venkatesananda, Swami, 230

Vibhaa, 92, 107, 122, 213, 229

violence, 13–14

virodhi svarpa (the nature of an antagonist), 132

viidvaita philosophy (qualified nondualism), 86, 190

Viu, 4, 6, 13, 16, 18, 19, 23, 28–30, 32, 34, 39, 41, 83, 85, 86, 88–90, 103, 106, 114, 115, 118, 120, 122–23, 128, 132, 133, 135, 136, 141, 142, 144, 190, 191–2, 193, 195, 198, 199, 201, 204–6, 211, 212, 214–21, 227, 229, 231

Viucitta, 4, 5, 11, 37, 128, 133, 141, 142, 205, 213, 214, 215, 217, 220

Viu-Nryaa, 83, 86–87, 98 (see also Viu)

Viu Pura, 230

Vivaksena, 206

Vivmitra, 128, 227

Vndvana, 24, 26–27 (see also yarpi)

vyjya (pretext), 139

white conch, song to, 206–7

wordly sleep, 106

Yamun, 92, 217, 231, 232

Yaod, 12, 18, 86, 92, 111, 114, 126, 129, 199, 218, 231

Yogamy (divine illusion), 231

yoga nidr (meditative sleep), 88, 106

yogi (ascetics), 96

Yudhihira, 229