F

• fabs function, 187

• factorial (n!) function, 230–231

• fail function, 316

• Files, 6, 308–325, 334–339, 355–360, 590–599, 707–717

  • abstract data types (ADT), 590–599, 707–717

  • appending, 322–324

  • application, 716

  • character I/O and, 355–360

  • close function used for, 312–313, 320

  • computer memory and, 6

  • end of, 334–337, 355–356

  • eof function used for, 355–356

  • error messages, 318

  • exit function used for, 317, 320

  • external name, 312

  • extraction operator (>>) for, 311, 318–320

  • fail function used for, 316

  • implementation, 594–599, 710–717

  • include directives used for, 311, 320, 331

  • input/output (I/O), 308–325, 334–339

  • insertion operator (<<) for, 318–320, 331

  • interface, 594–595, 707–709, 715

  • member functions, 314–316

  • memory storage and, 6

  • names and, 310–312, 320

  • namespaces and, 337–338

  • open function used for, 311–312, 320

  • opening successfully, 311–312, 317

  • permanent storage, as, 309–310

  • reading, 310

  • separate compilation of, 707–717

  • streams and, 308–340

  • text editing, 357–359

  • writing, 310–312

• First-in/first-out (FIFO) data structure, 773

• Fixed-point notation, 328

• Flags, 159, 327–329

• Flash drives, 6

• float data type, 63

• Floating-point notation, 61–63

• Flow of control, 74–92, 111–164

  • Boolean expressions for, 77–79, 112–120

  • branching mechanisms, 75–82, 112–139

  • C++ programming and, 74–92

  • comparison operators for, 77–82

  • compound statements, 82

  • enumerated types, 119–120

  • increment and decrement operators, 87–91, 141–144

  • loop mechanisms, 84–91, 98, 112–120, 139–155

• for statements, 144–150, 154, 382

  • arrays using, 382

  • empty (null) statements, 150

  • multistatement body, 148–149

  • numeric calculations using, 143–146

  • semicolons (;) and, 146, 149–150

  • variables and, 145–146

• Formal parameters. see Parameters

• Forward iterators, 971

• Freestore, 518–519

• friend functions, 622–644

  • accessor functions and, 628

  • const parameter modifier, 640–644

  • constant parameters, 640–641

  • digit_to_int implementation, 637–638

  • equal, 622–628

  • leading zeros in number constants, 638

  • Money class, example for, 630–637

  • nonmember functions, as, 626–630

  • private members, access to, 626

  • syntax, 629

• Function body, 196

• Function declaration, 193, 195–196, 199–201

• Function definition, 193–194, 196–197, 201–203, 793, 800, 939–940

• Function headers, 196, 200

• Functions, 181–250, 251–303, 314–316, 325–340, 340–351, 391–400, 416, 459–462, 469–470, 569–570, 622–644, 793–809, 852, 855–858, 866–878, 911–913, 1039–1046. See also Calls (invocations)

  • arguments and, 183–184, 197–198, 265–268, 391–396, 416

  • arithmetic, 1039

  • array size and, 416

  • arrays as arguments, 393–396, 416

  • arrays in, 391–400

  • C++ library, 1039–1045

  • C string, 459–462, 469–470

  • call-by-reference, 259–266

  • call-by-value parameters, 197–198, 268–271

  • calls (invocations), 183–188, 196–198, 208–211, 259–260, 265–268

  • case study: Production Graph, 400–411

  • character, 350–351, 1042

  • const parameter modifier, 396–399, 640–644

  • debugging, 281–287, 287–291

  • declaration, 193, 195–196, 199–201, 275–281

  • default arguments, 350–351

  • definition, 193–194, 196–197, 201–203, 793, 800

  • digit_to_int implementation, 637–638

  • driver programs for, 282–284

  • equal, 622–628

  • factorial (n!), 230–231

  • flags and, 327–329

  • formatting output using, 325–340

  • friend, 622–644

  • graph, 409

  • indexed variables as arguments, 391–393

  • inheritance and, 852, 855–858

  • inline, 1046

  • input/output (I/O), 325–351, 340–351, 1040–1041

  • local variables and, 218–229, 270–271

  • manipulators, 331

  • member, 314–316, 340–351

  • member functions accessor, 553–554

  • mutator, 569–570

  • names, 221–224, 232–238

  • nonmember, 626–630

  • not inherited, 852, 861–862

  • overloading names, 232–238

  • overriding, 871

  • parameters, 197–201, 207–208, 224–226, 259–266, 393–399

  • polymorphism and, 866–878

  • predefined, 183–192, 459–462, 469–470

  • procedural abstraction and, 204–217, 273–281

  • programmer-defined, 193–203

  • random number generator, 188–189, 1044

  • recursive, 793–809

  • redefining functions, 855–858

  • return statements, 196–197, 202, 255–259

  • returning an array, 399–400

  • scale, 404–409

  • signature, 859

  • stream I/O, 325–340

  • string, 1043

  • stub, 284–286

  • subtasks, 251–303, 401–402

  • tasks, recursion for, 793–805

  • testing, 214–217, 281–287

  • throwing exceptions in, 911–913

  • top-down design for, 182–183, 400–411

  • trigonometric, 1045

  • type casting, 190–192

  • value returned, 181–250, 806–809

  • virtual, 866–878

  • void, 252–259