Index

‘Abbās ibn al-Anaf, al- (d. 188/803 or after) xxiv, xxvii, 33, 44–45, 352, 361, 427, 432, 456

‘Abbās ibn Mirdās, al- (7th c.) 199

‘Abbās ibn Mūsā, al- 212

‘Abd Allāh al-arashī 216

‘Abd Allāh ibn Hammām al-Salūlī (d. ca. 99/717) 384

‘Abd Allāh ibn Ja‘far (80/699 or after) 164

‘Abd Allāh ibn Sawwār (d. 228/842–3) 184

‘Abd Allāh ibn ‘Umar (d. 73/693) 380, 423, 424

‘Abd Allāh ibn Zālān (recte Ra’lān) 123

‘Abd al-‘Ā ibn Tha‘labah (pre-Islamic) 389

‘Abd al-Karīm al-Nahshalī (d. 405/1014) 408

‘Abd al-Malik ibn Marwān (r. 65/685–86/705) 191, 212, 277, 395, 426

‘Abd al-Malik ibn āli (3rd/9th c.) 53, 363

‘Abd al-Mualib (6th c.) 199, 387

‘Abd al-Qāhir al-Jurjānī (d. 471/1078) 51, 281–96, 427

‘Abd al-Qays 8

‘Abd al-Ramān al-Abnāwī 215, 216, 427

‘Abd al-amad ibn al-Mu‘adhdhal (d. ca. 240/854) 280

‘Abīd ibn al-Abra (1st half of 6th c.) 2–3, 426, 432, 455

Ablaq, al- 362

Abrahah (6th c.) 379

Abū ‘Abd Allāh Ya‘qūb ibn Dāwūd (d. 186/802) 410

Abū l-‘Alā’ al-Ma‘arrī (d. 449/1057) xv, xxiv, xxvii, 75–78, 93, 123, 255–74, 280, 345, 368, 372, 401, 402, 427, 443, 456

Abū ‘Alī al-Baīr (d. after 252/866) 277, 280

Abū ‘Amr ibn al-‘Alā’ (d. ca. 159/776) 275

Abū l-Aswad al-Du’alī (d. ca. 69/688) 306, 310, 316

Abū l-‘Atāhiyah (d. 211/826) 49–50, 93, 95, 307, 362, 372, 427, 432, 453

Abū l-‘Awādhil 420

Abū Bakr (r. 11/632–13/634) 379, 404

Abū Da‘mūm 343

Abū Dulaf (d. 226/840) 308, 419

Abū l-Fat al-Iskandarī 245, 247

Abū l-akam al-Maghribī (d. 549/1155) 93, 97–102

Abū āmid al-Gharnāī (d. 565/1169–70) 414, 415, 436

Abū āmid al-Marwarrūdhī (d. 362/973) 203

Abū l-asan al-Anārī (4th/10th c.) 205

Abū ayyān see Tawīdī, al-

Abū l-Hudhayl (d. between 226/840–35/50) 193, 217

Abū uzābah (d. ca. 81/700) 191, 386

Abū Kaladah 193

Abū Manūr Muammad ibn ‘Alī al-Khāzin (d. 418/1027) 268–69

Abū Mūsā l-Ash‘arī (d. ca. 42/662–3) 417

Abū Muslim (d. ca. 137/754) 198, 275

Abū l-Najm (early 2nd/8th c.) 274

Abū Nukhaylah (2nd/8th c.) 274

Abū Nuwās (d. ca. 198/813) xvii, xxii, 37–43, 93, 103, 280, 361, 368, 373, 384, 390, 427, 432, 435, 442, 450, 453

Abū l-Sā’ib al-Makhzūmī 137, 153, 161, 162

Abū Sa‘īd al-Rustamī (4th/10th c.) 411, 412

Abū Sayf 189, 190

Abū l-Shamaqmaq (d. ca. 180/796) 311, 384

Abū l-Shī (d. ca. 196/812) 303, 417

Abū Sufyān (d. ca. 32/653) 94

Abū ālib al-Ma’mūnī (4th/10th c.) 292

Abū Tammām (d. 232/846) xxviii, 58, 279, 286, 287, 293, 296, 407, 412, 421, 422, 428

Abū ‘Ubaydah (d. 209/824–5) 265, 372, 432

Abū ‘Umar al-Zāhid Ghulām Tha‘lab (d. 345/957) 417

Abū Ya‘qūb al-Khuraymī (d. 214/829) 280

Ād 55, 363

‘Adī ibn Zayd (d. ca. AD 600) 357, 377

‘Adnān 63, 366

‘Afrā381, 382

Afwah al-Awdī, al- (d. ca. 570) 404

Aghlab, al- (d. 21/641) 274

Amad ibn Burd see Ibn Burd al-Aghar

Amad ibn Yūsuf al-Kātib (d. 213/828) 280

Ahwāz, al- 121

‘Ajjāj, al- (d. ca. 90/715) 274, 276, 407

Akhfash al-Aghar, al- (d. 315/927) 116, 352, 377, 384, 433

Akhal, al- (d. ca. 92/710) xviii, 15–17, 20, 178, 356, 357, 384, 420, 426, 433

Ākil al-Murār (pre-Islamic) 268, 405

‘Alī ibn ‘Abd al-‘Azīz al-Qāī al-Jurjānī (d. 392/1001) 278, 409

‘Alī ibn Abī ālib (d. 40/661) 127, 128, 130, 164, 258, 303, 400

‘Alī ibn ‘Īsā ibn Māhān (d. 200/815 or after) 213, 214

‘Alī ibn Rayah 244

‘Alqamah ibn ‘Abadah (6th c. ad) 4–7, 352, 426, 433

A‘mā al-Tuīlī, al- (d. 525/1130–1) 67–68, 428

Amīn, al- (r. 193/809–198/813) 208–11, 390, 391, 392, 427

Āmir ibn al-ufayl (d. ca. 10/632) 19, 357

‘Amr ibn ‘Ajlān 143, 381

‘Amr ibn al-‘Ā (d. 40/661) 417

‘Amr ibn Hind (pre-Islamic) 8, 355

Anār, al- 145, 356, 381

Anākī, Dāwūd al- (d. 1008/1599) 333, 379, 389, 422, 425, 433

Anthony 121

Anūsharwān (r. AD 531–79) 198, 201, 382, 385

‘Aqīl ibn ‘Ullafah (d. after 100/718) 405

‘Aqīq, al- 129, 139, 400

Ardashīr (1st half of 3rd c.) 115, 376, 377

‘Arīb (d. 277/890) 146

Arāh ibn Suhayyah (d. 86/705 or after) 277, 408

Asad 2, 201, 206, 384, 389

Asadābādh 216

‘Askarī, Abū Hilāl al- (d. after 400/1010) 283, 392, 406, 411, 412, 414, 433, 434

Ama‘ī, al- (d. ca. 216/831) 205, 209, 210, 266, 355, 390

Augustus 121, 122

Avicenna see Ibn Sīnā

‘Awf ibn Rabī‘ah 111

Badandūn River, al- 217

Badhl 135

Badī‘ al-Zamān al-Hamadhānī (d. 398/1008) 245–47, 345, 399, 427, 437

Badr 82, 370

Baghdad xxi, 4, 37, 44, 51, 97, 188, 195, 208, 210, 211, 215, 216, 225, 243, 268, 362, 364, 382, 384, 389, 391, 392, 405, 408, 413, 419, 426–28, 435, 437

Bahrām 318, 328, 422

Bākharzī, al- (d. 467/1075) 418, 434

Bāqillānī, al- (d. 403/1013) 375, 397, 434

Barmakids 280, 410

Bashshār ibn Burd (d. ca. 167/784) 29, 34–36, 359, 360, 420, 427, 434, 453

Basra 37, 121, 123, 184, 188, 209, 216, 225, 266, 318, 384, 385, 386, 387, 404, 407, 410, 419, 425, 426, 444

Balīmūs see Ptolemy

Bayhaqī, al- (early 4th/10th c.) 114–15, 302, 375, 390, 434

Bilāl ibn Rabā (d. 17/638 or after) 425

Bilqīs 117, 300, 301, 304, 378

Buturī, al- (d. 284/897) xviii, 58–60, 279, 280, 286, 359, 364, 412, 427, 435, 453

Bulgars 232, 235, 236, 238, 239, 395, 396

Burhān al-Dīn al-Qīrāī (d. 781/1379) 425

Burzōya (Burzōe, Burzōy, Barzawayh) (pre-Islamic) 382

Būīrī, al- (d. ca. 694/1296) xxvii

Byzantines 51, 61, 62, 195, 196, 198, 200, 217, 231, 233, 236, 237, 238, 239, 365, 366, 367, 387, 392, 393, 394, 395, 396, 423, 435, 448

Carrhae see arrān

Christians xxii, 77, 78, 203, 204, 343, 388, 401, 420, 423

Cleopatra 120–22, 378

Damascus xxi, 97, 102, 231, 357, 381, 425

Damīrī, al- (d. 808/1405) 297–304, 378, 390, 414, 415, 416, 417, 428, 435–36

Dārat Juljul 123, 274, 379

David/Dāwūd 204, 300, 416

Dāwūd al-Anākī see Anākī

Daylamites 198

Dayr al-‘Āqūl 364

ayzan, al- (pre-Islamic) 114, 376

Dharī ibn al-ubāb (1st/7th c.) 127

Dhū l-Rummah (d. 117/735) 15, 21–26, 186, 191, 353, 356, 357, 358, 359, 365, 370, 385, 387, 426, 426, 436, 453

Di‘bil (d. 246/860) 279, 291, 308, 409, 413, 436

Dīnawarī, Abū anīfah al- (d. 290/902–3 or before) 208–17, 375, 376, 389, 427, 436

Euclid 202, 217, 392

Fal ibn Ja‘far, al- (d. after 252/866) 408

Fal ibn al-Rabī‘, al- (d. ca. 207/823) 210

Fal ibn Sahl, al- (d. 202/818) 213

Farazdaq, al- (d. ca. 110/728) 15, 123–26, 181, 357, 385, 426

Fārisī, Abū ‘Alī al- (d. 377/987) 258

Fat ibn Khāqān, al- (d. 247/861) 280, 408

Fāimah (d. ca. 11/632–3) 8, 259–62, 379, 403

Fawz 44–45

Fazārah 144, 357

Fusā 231, 395

Gharī, al- (d. ca. 98/716) 154, 381

Ghirīf ibn ‘Aā’, al- (fl. late 2nd/8th c.) 208

Ghulām Tha‘lab see Abū ‘Umar al-Zāhid

adath, al- 61–64, 365, 437, 443

ar, al- 115, 116, 375, 376, 377

aramī ibn ‘Āmir 179

ajjāj ibn Yūsuf, al- (d. 95/714) 316

Hamadhān 214, 215, 391

Hamadhānī, al- see Badī‘ al-Zamān

amzah ibn ‘Abd al-Mualib (d. 3/625) 258

amzah ibn abīb (d. 156/772) 399

arīrī, al- (d. 516/1122) 245, 345, 428

ārith ibn ālim (pre-Islamic) 357

ārith al-A‘raj, al- (6th c.) 4, 5, 7, 353

arrān/Carrhae 388

Harthamah ibn A‘yan (d. 200/816) 216

Hārūn al-Rashīd (r. 170/786–193/809) 46, 208, 211, 390, 391, 398, 410, 427

asan ibn ‘Alī ibn Abī ālib, al- (d. 49/669 or after) 164

asan ibn ‘Alī ibn ‘Īsā, al- 214

asan ibn Ibrāhīm al-‘Alawī, al- 193

asan ibn Sahl, al- (d. 236/850–1) 306, 419, 420

assān ibn Thābit (d. between 40/659 and 54/673) 391, 402, 426, 437

ātim al-āī (6th c.) 311, 420

Hatra see al-ar

aymī al-Kawkabānī, al- (d. ca. 1151/1738) 343, 345–51, 424, 428, 437

Haytham ibn ‘Adī, al- (d. 206/821 or after) 148, 309, 421

Haytham ibn ‘Uthmān al-Ghanawī, al- (3rd/9th c.) 58, 59

Hijaz, al- 121, 400, 406

Hilāl ibn ‘Abd al-Malik al-Hunāī 191

Hind bint Bayāah (pre-Islamic?) 372

Hind bint ‘Utbah (d. 1st half of 1st/7th c.) 93, 94

īrah, al- 4, 8, 268, 355, 364, 376

Hūd 354, 363, 378, 403

ujr ibn al-ārith (pre-Islamic) 111

ulwān 214, 216

umayd al-Arqa (fl. 1st/7th -2nd/8th c.) 274, 306, 310

usām al-Dīn al-ājirī (d. 622/1225)

usayn ibn ‘Alī ibn Abī ālib, al- (d. 61/680) 127, 128, 130, 164, 425, 426

usayn ibn Muayr, al- (d. 170/786 or before) 405

uay’ah, al- (d. 1st/7th c.) 272, 306

Ibn ‘Abbās, ‘Abd Allāh (d. 68/687–8) 302, 417

Ibn Abī ‘Atīq (1st/7th –2nd/8th c.) 130, 159, 160, 164, 165, 379, 382

Ibn Abī Fanan (d. between 260/874 and 270/883) 306

Ibn Abī Karīmah (3rd/9th c.) 187

Ibn ‘Āim al-Gharnāī (d. 829/1427) 397, 423, 438

Ibn Bābak, ‘Abd al-amad ibn Manūr (d. 410/1019) 285, 412

Ibn Baqī (d. 540/1145–6) 425

Ibn Burd al-Aghar (d. 445/1053–4) 248–54

Ibn al-Dumaynah (2nd/8th c.) 27, 164

Ibn Durustawayh (d. 346/957) 265

Ibn al-Fāri (d. 632/1235) 79–82, 352, 368, 369, 370, 428, 433, 438, 439

Ibn Ghāzī al-Miknāsī (d. 919/1513) 422

Ibn abīb al-alabī (d. 779/1377) 345

Ibn ajar (d. 852/1449) 395, 437

Ibn al-ajjāj (d. 391/1000) 287

Ibn amdūn (d. 562/1166–7) 375, 380, 384, 390, 420, 439

Ibn Khafājah (d. 533/1138–9) 65–66, 366, 428, 439, 445

Ibn Jundab 159

Ibn al-Labbānah (d. 507/1113) 69

Ibn Makānis (d. 794/1392) xviii, 93, 102–8, 374, 428

Ibn Mālik (d. 672/1274) 93, 96, 372, 439

Ibn al-Muqaffa‘ (d. ca. 139/756) 166, 168–75, 195, 196, 197, 377, 382, 383, 387, 426, 440, 449, 453

Ibn al-Muqrī, Ismāīl ibn Abī Bakr (d. 837/1433) 304, 418

Ibn al-Mu‘tazz (d. 296/908) xxvii, 280, 284, 285, 286, 289, 290, 291, 294, 296, 410, 412, 414, 421, 440, 455

Ibn Nubātah al-Mirī (d. 768/1366) 85–88, 371, 428, 440

Ibn Nubātah al-Sa‘dī (d. 405/1015) 85, 411

Ibn al-Qāri, ‘Alī ibn Manūr (d. after 421/1030) 255, 258, 259, 262, 272, 273, 276

Ibn Qaz‘ah, ‘Ubayd Allāh 313

Ibn Qutaybah (d. 276/889) 115, 128, 148, 280, 305, 364, 376, 377, 378, 379, 408, 410, 413, 417, 419, 420, 427, 440

Ibn Rashīq (d. 456/1063 or 463/1071) 277–80, 407, 408, 440

Ibn al-Rūmī (d. 283/896) 51–57, 282, 288, 290, 362, 363, 364, 410, 427, 437, 440, 444, 447

Ibn Sa‘dān al-‘Āri (d. 374/984) 195

Ibn Sanā’ al-Mulk (d. 608/1211) 69, 367, 440

Ibn Sīdah (d. 458/1066) 298

Ibn Sīnā (d. 428/1037) xxii, 73–74, 368, 427

Ibn Sīrīn (d. 110/728) 304, 418

Ibn abāabā (d. 322/934) 354, 380, 441

Ibn al-Wardī (d. 749/1349) 425

Ibrāhīm al-Khawwā (d. 291/903) 241, 397

Ibrāhīm ibn al-Mahdī (d. 224/839) 4, 46, 210, 230, 244, 280, 288, 307, 392, 394, 398, 405

Ibrāhīm al-Mawilī (d. 188/804) 279, 359

Ibshīhī, al- (d. ca. 850/1446) 305–17, 355, 375, 376, 377, 390, 418, 428, 441

Ikhwān al-afā (4th/10th c.) 218–24, 392, 393, 432, 427, 441

‘Ikrimah (d. ca. 105/723) 302

‘Imlīq ibn Lāwadh 378

Imru’ al-Qays (6th c.) xvii, xxiii, xxiv, xxviii, 111, 123–26, 268, 271, 274, 379, 393, 400, 401, 405, 406, 426, 441, 455, 456

Indians 195, 196, 198, 200, 205

Īsā ibn Hishām 245, 246, 247

Isfahan 246

Ifahānī, Abū l-Faraj al- (d. ca. 363/972) 27, 123–26, 127, 359, 360, 362, 370, 372, 374, 375, 376, 378, 379, 382, 386, 413, 414, 421, 427, 441

Isāq ibn Ibrāhīm al-Mawilī (d. 235/850) 279

Ismāīl ibn abī (2nd–3rd/8th –9th c.) 211

Jāi, al- (d. 255/868–9) xxii, 176–94, 195, 297, 302, 305, 311, 361, 374, 375, 383, 384, 385, 386, 404, 417, 419, 420, 427, 441, 444, 453

Jaah (d. 324/936) 160, 306, 419

Jamīl ibn Ma‘mar (d. 82/701) 27, 129, 380, 381

Jarīr (d. 111/729) xviii, 15, 16, 17–20, 312, 355, 356, 357, 364, 368, 372, 380, 387, 401, 420, 426, 432, 442, 445, 453

Jayhānī, al- (4th/10th c.) 200, 202, 388, 438, 439

Jazīrah, al- 116, 399

Jesus/‘Īsā 204, 386, 420

Jerusalem 299, 427

Jews 78, 203, 204, 388

Jibrīl/Gabriel 310

Ka‘b ibn ‘Awf 6

Ka‘b ibn Mālik (d. 50/670 or 53/673) 258, 402, 403

Ka‘b ibn Zuhayr (1st/7th c.) 390, 448

Kathīr ibn al-alt 145, 151

Kawkabānī, al- see aymī

Khadījah (d. 619) 260

Khālid ibn afwān (d. 135/752) 306

Khalīl ibn Amad, al- (d. 175/791) xxiii, 404, 406, 427

Khalīl ibn Yayā, al- 194

Khāliah 208, 209

Khansā’, al- (d. after 23/644) xxi, 12–14, 33, 272, 355, 426, 442, 453

Khāqān ibn ubay (3rd/9th c.) 309

Khārijites 417

Khāzim ibn Khuzaymah 213

Khurāsān 181, 191, 208, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214, 309, 328, 388, 390, 391, 419

Khurāsānīs 201, 216

Khuraybah, al- 188

Khuzā‘ah 129, 154

Khuzaymah ibn Khāzim 391

Khūzistān 121

Khwārazm 200, 388

Kinānah 127, 128

Kindī, al- (d. after 252/865) 145, 427

Kisāī, al- (d. 189/805) 208, 209, 390

Kisrā 16, 198, 200, 355, 360, 387

Kulayb ibn Yarbū‘ (pre-Islamic) 16, 355

Labīd (d. ca. 41/661) xvii, 257, 360, 402, 447, 450, 455

Lubnā 28, 29, 127–65, 379, 380, 382, 442, 446, 447

Ma‘add 16, 258, 355

Ma‘arrī, al- see Abū l-‘Alā’ al-Ma‘ārrī

Ma‘bad (d. 125/743 or 126/744) 154, 381

Mahdī, al- (r. 158/775–169/785) 4, 46, 210, 230, 244, 280, 288, 307, 392, 394, 398, 405

Majnūn Laylā, Qays ibn al-Mulawwa (1st/7th c.) 27, 29–30, 154, 359, 380, 414, 443

Makhlad al-abarī 208, 230, 241, 375, 389, 391, 394, 392, 448

Makkī, al- (3rd/9th c.) 181

Mālik ibn Fahm al-Azdī 405

Ma’mūn, al- (r. 198/813–218/833) 208–17, 292, 384, 390, 391, 392, 420, 421, 427

Ma‘n ibn Aws (d. ca. 64/684) 405

Mānī l-Muwaswis (d. 245/859) 421

Manūr, al- (r. 136/754–158/775) 4, 210, 211, 307, 390, 391, 392, 426

Marw 211, 212, 307, 308, 309, 390, 419

Marwān ibn Abī afah (d. ca. 182/798) 307, 420

Marwān ibn al-akam (r. 64/684–65/685) 145, 148

Marzubānī, Muammad ibn ‘Imrān al- (d. 384/994) 271, 390, 406, 412, 421, 444

Mas‘ūdī, al- (d. 345/956) 119–22, 374, 375, 376, 377, 378, 380, 389, 390, 391, 392, 395, 398, 427, 444

Mawilī, al- see Ibrāhīm and Isāq ibn Ibrāhīm al-Mawilī

Māzinī, al- (d. 249/863) 266, 404

Mecca xxvi, 31, 139, 199, 299, 360, 379, 381, 385, 401, 405, 406, 419, 426

Medina xxvi, 94, 129, 145, 147, 151, 153, 154, 155, 161, 194, 357, 370, 381, 402, 405, 426

Minā 149

Mirbad, al- 196

Moses/Mūsā 204, 223, 224, 367, 370, 396, 412

Mu‘ammar ibn ‘Abbās (d. 215/830) 193

Mu‘āwiyah ibn Abī Sufyān (r. 41/661– 60/680) 12, 94, 145, 148, 149, 231, 355, 381, 395, 417, 426

Muar 19, 125, 257, 356, 366, 402

Mufaal al-abbī, al- (d. after 163/780) 4

Muammad (the Prophet) (d. 10/632) xvi, xxii, xxvi, xxvii, 94, 112, 176, 204, 224, 259, 260, 270, 317, 372, 375, 377, 381, 384, 387, 388, 389, 398, 402, 403, 414, 424, 426, 439

Muammad ibn āzim al-Bāhilī (fl. early 3rd/9th c.) 420

Muammad ibn al-Jahm (3rd/9th c.) 180, 181, 315

Muammad ibn ‘Umar al-Bakrāwī 194

Muammad ibn Yayā ibn Khālid 307

Mujāhid ibn ‘Abd Allāh al-‘Āmirī (r. 400/1009–436/1044) 248

Mujīr al-Dīn Muammad ibn Tamīm (d. 684/1285) 425

Mulaykah (or Malīkah) 114, 376

Mundhir ibn Mā’ al-Samā’, al- (6th c.) 4, 353

Mūsā al-Kāim ibn Ja‘far al-ādiq (d. 183/799) 390

Mūsā ibn Muammad al-Amīn 212, 214

Musaylimah (d. ca. 12/633) 112

Mu‘taid, al- (r. 279/892–289/902) 243, 244, 398

Mutanabbī, al- (d. 354/965) xvii, xxii, xxiv, xxviii, 61–64, 279, 292, 293, 308, 359, 364, 365, 387, 409, 414, 427, 433, 437, 442, 443, 445, 455, 456

Mutanakhkhil, al- (pre-Islamic) 403

Mu‘tazilites 176, 386

Muthaqqib al-‘Abdī, al- (2nd half of 6th c.) 8–11, 426

Muwaffaq ibn al-Mutawakkil, al- (d. 278/891) 412

Muwaffaq Abū l-Jaysh, al- see Mujāhid ibn ‘Abd Allāh

Nabataeans 70, 367

Nābighah al-Dhubyānī, al- (6th c.) 364, 389

Naīrah, al- 376

Nar ibn Shumayl, al- (d. ca. 204/820) 265

Nāfi‘ ibn al-Azraq (d. 65/685) 302, 303

Naībīn 188, 385

Nāir al-Dīn al-Ghayī (d. 1st half of 9th/15th c.) 83, 89–92, 371

Naām, Ibrāhīm ibn Sayyār al- (d. between 220/836 and 230/845) 386

Nizār (pre-Islamic) 28, 59, 364, 378, 388

Noah/Nū 120, 363

Palestine 394

Persians 38, 115, 195, 196, 198, 200, 202, 203, 205, 377, 387, 419

Ptolemy 120, 388

Qabāth ibn Razīn (d. 156/773) 231–41, 395

Qaān 366, 378

Qalūah, al- 215

Qarmīsīn 216

Qays ibn ‘Aylān 356

Qays ibn Dharī (d. ca. 70/689) xxvii, 29, 127–65, 379, 380, 382, 426, 442, 446, 447

Qays ibn al-Mulawwa see Majnūn Laylā

Qazwīnī, Zakariyyā al- (d. 682/1283) 301, 375, 376, 393, 417, 446

Qudā 330

Quray 380

Quraysh xviii, 18, 112, 135, 145, 155, 164, 356, 405

Quss ibn Sā‘idah (pre-Islamic) 111

Rabī‘ ibn Yūnus (d. ca. 169/785–6) 419

Rabī‘ah 5, 63, 257, 353, 366, 402

Rāī al-Numayrī, al- (d. ca. 96/714) 401, 416, 255, 299

Ramlah, al- 225, 435

Rayah bint al-Saffā (d. 170/786–87) 398

Rayy, al- 212, 214, 215, 246, 391, 397

Rib‘ī al-Hamdānī 311

Riwān 256, 257, 262, 401

Ru’bah ibn al-‘Ajjāj (d. 145/762) 274–76, 407

Rummānī, al- (d. 384/994) 277

ābi’ans 77, 203, 388

Sābūr Dhū l-Aktāf (r. AD 309–79) 114, 116, 376

adr al-Dīn ibn al-Wakīl 424

āib ibn ‘Abbād, al- (d. 385/995) 412

Sahl ibn Hārūn (d. 215/830) 306, 308

aa 193

akhr (pre-Islamic) 12, 13, 272, 355

āli ibn ‘Abd al-Quddūs (d. 2nd half of 2nd/8th c.) 421

āli āib al-Muallā 212, 391

Sālim Abū l-‘Alā230, 394

Samaw’al, al- (6th c.) 362

Sanaa 299

Sarī al-Raffā’, al- (d. ca. 362/972) 298, 416, 446

ārim al-Dīn Ibrāhīm ibn āli al-Hindī (d. 1101/1689–90) 425

Sāirūn (pre-Islamic) 116, 376

Sawād, al- 377

Sayf al-Dawlah (r. 333/944–356/967) xxii, 61–64, 366

Shabīb ibn Shaybah (d. 162/778–9

or after) 196

Shāfi‘ī, al- (d. 204/820) 304, 418

Shammākh, al- (1st/7th c.) 359

Shanfarā, al- (pre-Islamic) xvii, 447, 455

Sharaf al-Dīn Rāji ibn Ismāīl al-illī (d. 627/1230) 425

Sharīshī, al- (d. 619/1222) 73

Sharwīn 116, 376

Sheba 117–16, 304, 378, 416

Shibl al-Dawlah (r. 420/1029–429/1038) 259, 402

Shirbīnī, al- (fl. 1097/1686) xxvii, 339–44, 371, 397, 423, 428, 447, 450, 453

Shī‘ites xvi, 127, 390, 403

Shurabīl ibn al-ārith (pre-Islamic) 16, 356

Shushtarī, al- (d. 668/1269) 22, 83–84, 370, 428, 447

Sībawayh (d. ca. 177/793) 404, 407, 427

Sincere Brethren see Ikhwān al-afā

Slavs 200

Solomon/Sulaymān 118, 204, 298–304, 378, 416, 417

Sufālah, al- 181

Sufis 79, 103, 241, 369, 398, 436, 450

Sulaym 199, 355

ūlī, Abū Bakr al- (d. ca. 335/946) 362, 380, 412, 413, 448

ūrī, ‘Abd al-Musin al- (d. 419/1028) 367

Suyūī, al- (d. 911/1505) 372, 395, 422, 428, 448

Ta’abbaa Sharrā (pre-Islamic) 110

Taghlib 18, 19, 20, 312, 356, 357, 420

āhir ibn al-usayn (d. 207/822) 212, 215, 216, 217, 391

Tamīm 16, 18, 125, 355, 356

Tamīm ibn Muqbil (d. after 35/656) 22, 357, 358

Tanūkhī, al- (d. 384/994) 225–44, 339, 379, 383, 389, 394, 395, 397, 398, 427, 437

Tawīdī, Abū ayyān al- (d. after 400/1010, possibly 414/1023) 195–207, 377, 386, 387, 388, 389, 427, 434, 449

Tarsus 217, 392

Taymā362

ayyi’ 58, 264, 420

Tha‘lab (d. 291/904) 143, 160

Tha‘labī, al- (d. 427/1035) 363, 416

Tīfāshī, Shihāb al-Dīn Amad ibn Yūsuf al- (d. 651/1253) 333–38, 422, 428, 449

Tīmūr (d. 807/1405) 89

Turks 196, 198, 200, 201, 343

‘Ubayd Allāh Ibn al-Muaffar see Abū l-akam al-Maghribī

Ubullah Canal 349, 425

‘Udhāfir ibn Aws 274

‘Udhrah 27, 29

Uud 94, 258, 402

‘Ulayyah bint al-Mahdī (d. 210/825) 46–48, 362, 436

‘Umar ibn ‘Abd al-‘Azīz (r. 99/717–101/720) 305, 419

‘Umar ibn Abī Rabī‘ah (d. 93/712 or 103/720) 31–32, 352, 426, 449, 453

‘Umar ibn al-Khattāb (r. 13/634–23/644) 132

‘Umar ibn Maymūn 315

‘Umar ibn Shabbah (d. 262/878) 128, 148

‘Umar ibn Yazīd al-Asadī 306

Umayyah ibn Abī l-alt (d. ca. 9/631) 414

Umm al-Banīn 305, 419

Umm Khālid 33, 361

‘Unayzah 123, 124, 125, 379, 406

‘Urwah ibn izām (d. 30/650 or after) 143, 381, 382, 426

‘Urwah ibn al-Ward (2nd half of 6th c.) 381

Washī 258, 402

Wāsi 181, 384

Yayā ibn ‘Alī ibn ‘Īsā 216

Yayā ibn Khālid al-Barmakī (d. 190/805) 398, 419

Yamāmah, al- 139, 309

Ya‘rub 59, 364

Yazīd ibn Mu‘āwiyah (r. 64/683–4) 158, 384, 395

Yemen 2, 25, 97, 139, 299, 300, 345, 352, 405, 416, 448

Zamakhsharī, al- (d. 538/1144) 301, 390, 406, 416, 417

Zanj 367, 387

Zoroaster (Zarathustra, Zarādusht) 203, 204, 205, 388, 389

Zubaydah bint Ja‘far (d. 216/831–2) 209–10, 214, 390

Zubayr ibn Bakkār, al- (d. 256/870) 135, 143, 149, 153, 158, 159, 161, 381

Zuhayr ibn Abī Sulmā (d. AD 609) 19, 386

Zuhrah 155

Zunbūr 43, 361, 450