‘Abbās ibn al-Aḥnaf, al- (d. 188/803 or after) xxiv, xxvii, 33, 44–45, 352, 361, 427, 432, 456
‘Abbās ibn Mirdās, al- (7th c.) 199
‘Abbās ibn Mūsā, al- 212
‘Abd Allāh al-Ḥarashī 216
‘Abd Allāh ibn Hammām al-Salūlī (d. ca. 99/717) 384
‘Abd Allāh ibn Ja‘far (80/699 or after) 164
‘Abd Allāh ibn Sawwār (d. 228/842–3) 184
‘Abd Allāh ibn ‘Umar (d. 73/693) 380, 423, 424
‘Abd Allāh ibn Zālān (recte Ra’lān) 123
‘Abd al-‘Āṣ ibn Tha‘labah (pre-Islamic) 389
‘Abd al-Karīm al-Nahshalī (d. 405/1014) 408
‘Abd al-Malik ibn Marwān (r. 65/685–86/705) 191, 212, 277, 395, 426
‘Abd al-Malik ibn Ṣāliḥ (3rd/9th c.) 53, 363
‘Abd al-Muṭṭalib (6th c.) 199, 387
‘Abd al-Qāhir al-Jurjānī (d. 471/1078) 51, 281–96, 427
‘Abd al-Qays 8
‘Abd al-Raḥmān al-Abnāwī 215, 216, 427
‘Abd al-Ṣamad ibn al-Mu‘adhdhal (d. ca. 240/854) 280
‘Abīd ibn al-Abraṣ (1st half of 6th c.) 2–3, 426, 432, 455
Ablaq, al- 362
Abrahah (6th c.) 379
Abū ‘Abd Allāh Ya‘qūb ibn Dāwūd (d. 186/802) 410
Abū l-‘Alā’ al-Ma‘arrī (d. 449/1057) xv, xxiv, xxvii, 75–78, 93, 123, 255–74, 280, 345, 368, 372, 401, 402, 427, 443, 456
Abū ‘Alī al-Baṣīr (d. after 252/866) 277, 280
Abū ‘Amr ibn al-‘Alā’ (d. ca. 159/776) 275
Abū l-Aswad al-Du’alī (d. ca. 69/688) 306, 310, 316
Abū l-‘Atāhiyah (d. 211/826) 49–50, 93, 95, 307, 362, 372, 427, 432, 453
Abū l-‘Awādhil 420
Abū Bakr (r. 11/632–13/634) 379, 404
Abū Da‘mūm 343
Abū Dulaf (d. 226/840) 308, 419
Abū l-Fatḥ al-Iskandarī 245, 247
Abū l-Ḥakam al-Maghribī (d. 549/1155) 93, 97–102
Abū Ḥāmid al-Gharnāṭī (d. 565/1169–70) 414, 415, 436
Abū Ḥāmid al-Marwarrūdhī (d. 362/973) 203
Abū l-Ḥasan al-Anṣārī (4th/10th c.) 205
Abū Ḥayyān see Tawḥīdī, al-
Abū l-Hudhayl (d. between 226/840–35/50) 193, 217
Abū Ḥuzābah (d. ca. 81/700) 191, 386
Abū Kaladah 193
Abū Manṣūr Muḥammad ibn ‘Alī al-Khāzin (d. 418/1027) 268–69
Abū Mūsā l-Ash‘arī (d. ca. 42/662–3) 417
Abū Muslim (d. ca. 137/754) 198, 275
Abū l-Najm (early 2nd/8th c.) 274
Abū Nukhaylah (2nd/8th c.) 274
Abū Nuwās (d. ca. 198/813) xvii, xxii, 37–43, 93, 103, 280, 361, 368, 373, 384, 390, 427, 432, 435, 442, 450, 453
Abū l-Sā’ib al-Makhzūmī 137, 153, 161, 162
Abū Sa‘īd al-Rustamī (4th/10th c.) 411, 412
Abū l-Shamaqmaq (d. ca. 180/796) 311, 384
Abū l-Shīṣ (d. ca. 196/812) 303, 417
Abū Sufyān (d. ca. 32/653) 94
Abū Ṭālib al-Ma’mūnī (4th/10th c.) 292
Abū Tammām (d. 232/846) xxviii, 58, 279, 286, 287, 293, 296, 407, 412, 421, 422, 428
Abū ‘Ubaydah (d. 209/824–5) 265, 372, 432
Abū ‘Umar al-Zāhid Ghulām Tha‘lab (d. 345/957) 417
Abū Ya‘qūb al-Khuraymī (d. 214/829) 280
‘Adī ibn Zayd (d. ca. AD 600) 357, 377
Afwah al-Awdī, al- (d. ca. 570) 404
Aghlab, al- (d. 21/641) 274
Aḥmad ibn Burd see Ibn Burd al-Aṣghar
Aḥmad ibn Yūsuf al-Kātib (d. 213/828) 280
Ahwāz, al- 121
‘Ajjāj, al- (d. ca. 90/715) 274, 276, 407
Akhfash al-Aṣghar, al- (d. 315/927) 116, 352, 377, 384, 433
Akhṭal, al- (d. ca. 92/710) xviii, 15–17, 20, 178, 356, 357, 384, 420, 426, 433
Ākil al-Murār (pre-Islamic) 268, 405
‘Alī ibn ‘Abd al-‘Azīz al-Qāḍī al-Jurjānī (d. 392/1001) 278, 409
‘Alī ibn Abī Ṭālib (d. 40/661) 127, 128, 130, 164, 258, 303, 400
‘Alī ibn ‘Īsā ibn Māhān (d. 200/815 or after) 213, 214
‘Alī ibn Rayṭah 244
‘Alqamah ibn ‘Abadah (6th c. ad) 4–7, 352, 426, 433
A‘mā al-Tuṭīlī, al- (d. 525/1130–1) 67–68, 428
Amīn, al- (r. 193/809–198/813) 208–11, 390, 391, 392, 427
‘Āmir ibn al-Ṭufayl (d. ca. 10/632) 19, 357
‘Amr ibn al-‘Āṣ (d. 40/661) 417
‘Amr ibn Hind (pre-Islamic) 8, 355
Anṭākī, Dāwūd al- (d. 1008/1599) 333, 379, 389, 422, 425, 433
Anthony 121
Anūsharwān (r. AD 531–79) 198, 201, 382, 385
‘Aqīl ibn ‘Ullafah (d. after 100/718) 405
Ardashīr (1st half of 3rd c.) 115, 376, 377
‘Arīb (d. 277/890) 146
Arṭāh ibn Suhayyah (d. 86/705 or after) 277, 408
Asadābādh 216
‘Askarī, Abū Hilāl al- (d. after 400/1010) 283, 392, 406, 411, 412, 414, 433, 434
Aṣma‘ī, al- (d. ca. 216/831) 205, 209, 210, 266, 355, 390
Avicenna see Ibn Sīnā
‘Awf ibn Rabī‘ah 111
Badandūn River, al- 217
Badhl 135
Badī‘ al-Zamān al-Hamadhānī (d. 398/1008) 245–47, 345, 399, 427, 437
Baghdad xxi, 4, 37, 44, 51, 97, 188, 195, 208, 210, 211, 215, 216, 225, 243, 268, 362, 364, 382, 384, 389, 391, 392, 405, 408, 413, 419, 426–28, 435, 437
Bākharzī, al- (d. 467/1075) 418, 434
Bāqillānī, al- (d. 403/1013) 375, 397, 434
Bashshār ibn Burd (d. ca. 167/784) 29, 34–36, 359, 360, 420, 427, 434, 453
Basra 37, 121, 123, 184, 188, 209, 216, 225, 266, 318, 384, 385, 386, 387, 404, 407, 410, 419, 425, 426, 444
Baṭlīmūs see Ptolemy
Bayhaqī, al- (early 4th/10th c.) 114–15, 302, 375, 390, 434
Bilāl ibn Rabāḥ (d. 17/638 or after) 425
Bilqīs 117, 300, 301, 304, 378
Buḥturī, al- (d. 284/897) xviii, 58–60, 279, 280, 286, 359, 364, 412, 427, 435, 453
Bulgars 232, 235, 236, 238, 239, 395, 396
Burhān al-Dīn al-Qīrāṭī (d. 781/1379) 425
Burzōya (Burzōe, Burzōy, Barzawayh) (pre-Islamic) 382
Būṣīrī, al- (d. ca. 694/1296) xxvii
Byzantines 51, 61, 62, 195, 196, 198, 200, 217, 231, 233, 236, 237, 238, 239, 365, 366, 367, 387, 392, 393, 394, 395, 396, 423, 435, 448
Carrhae see Ḥarrān
Christians xxii, 77, 78, 203, 204, 343, 388, 401, 420, 423
Damascus xxi, 97, 102, 231, 357, 381, 425
Damīrī, al- (d. 808/1405) 297–304, 378, 390, 414, 415, 416, 417, 428, 435–36
Dāwūd al-Anṭākī see Anṭākī
Daylamites 198
Dayr al-‘Āqūl 364
Ḍayzan, al- (pre-Islamic) 114, 376
Dharīḥ ibn al-Ḥubāb (1st/7th c.) 127
Dhū l-Rummah (d. 117/735) 15, 21–26, 186, 191, 353, 356, 357, 358, 359, 365, 370, 385, 387, 426, 426, 436, 453
Di‘bil (d. 246/860) 279, 291, 308, 409, 413, 436
Dīnawarī, Abū Ḥanīfah al- (d. 290/902–3 or before) 208–17, 375, 376, 389, 427, 436
Faḍl ibn Ja‘far, al- (d. after 252/866) 408
Faḍl ibn al-Rabī‘, al- (d. ca. 207/823) 210
Faḍl ibn Sahl, al- (d. 202/818) 213
Farazdaq, al- (d. ca. 110/728) 15, 123–26, 181, 357, 385, 426
Fārisī, Abū ‘Alī al- (d. 377/987) 258
Fatḥ ibn Khāqān, al- (d. 247/861) 280, 408
Fāṭimah (d. ca. 11/632–3) 8, 259–62, 379, 403
Fawz 44–45
Gharīḍ, al- (d. ca. 98/716) 154, 381
Ghiṭrīf ibn ‘Aṭā’, al- (fl. late 2nd/8th c.) 208
Ghulām Tha‘lab see Abū ‘Umar al-Zāhid
Ḥadath, al- 61–64, 365, 437, 443
Ḥaḍr, al- 115, 116, 375, 376, 377
Ḥaḍramī ibn ‘Āmir 179
Ḥajjāj ibn Yūsuf, al- (d. 95/714) 316
Hamadhānī, al- see Badī‘ al-Zamān
Ḥamzah ibn ‘Abd al-Muṭṭalib (d. 3/625) 258
Ḥamzah ibn Ḥabīb (d. 156/772) 399
Ḥarīrī, al- (d. 516/1122) 245, 345, 428
Ḥārith ibn Ẓālim (pre-Islamic) 357
Ḥārith al-A‘raj, al- (6th c.) 4, 5, 7, 353
Ḥarrān/Carrhae 388
Harthamah ibn A‘yan (d. 200/816) 216
Hārūn al-Rashīd (r. 170/786–193/809) 46, 208, 211, 390, 391, 398, 410, 427
Ḥasan ibn ‘Alī ibn Abī Ṭālib, al- (d. 49/669 or after) 164
Ḥasan ibn ‘Alī ibn ‘Īsā, al- 214
Ḥasan ibn Ibrāhīm al-‘Alawī, al- 193
Ḥasan ibn Sahl, al- (d. 236/850–1) 306, 419, 420
Ḥassān ibn Thābit (d. between 40/659 and 54/673) 391, 402, 426, 437
Ḥātim al-Ṭā’ī (6th c.) 311, 420
Hatra see al-Ḥaḍr
Ḥaymī al-Kawkabānī, al- (d. ca. 1151/1738) 343, 345–51, 424, 428, 437
Haytham ibn ‘Adī, al- (d. 206/821 or after) 148, 309, 421
Haytham ibn ‘Uthmān al-Ghanawī, al- (3rd/9th c.) 58, 59
Hilāl ibn ‘Abd al-Malik al-Hunā’ī 191
Hind bint Bayāḍah (pre-Islamic?) 372
Hind bint ‘Utbah (d. 1st half of 1st/7th c.) 93, 94
Ḥīrah, al- 4, 8, 268, 355, 364, 376
Ḥujr ibn al-Ḥārith (pre-Islamic) 111
Ḥumayd al-Arqaṭ (fl. 1st/7th -2nd/8th c.) 274, 306, 310
Ḥusām al-Dīn al-Ḥājirī (d. 622/1225)
Ḥusayn ibn ‘Alī ibn Abī Ṭālib, al- (d. 61/680) 127, 128, 130, 164, 425, 426
Ḥusayn ibn Muṭayr, al- (d. 170/786 or before) 405
Ḥuṭay’ah, al- (d. 1st/7th c.) 272, 306
Ibn ‘Abbās, ‘Abd Allāh (d. 68/687–8) 302, 417
Ibn Abī ‘Atīq (1st/7th –2nd/8th c.) 130, 159, 160, 164, 165, 379, 382
Ibn Abī Fanan (d. between 260/874 and 270/883) 306
Ibn Abī Karīmah (3rd/9th c.) 187
Ibn ‘Āṣim al-Gharnāṭī (d. 829/1427) 397, 423, 438
Ibn Bābak, ‘Abd al-Ṣamad ibn Manṣūr (d. 410/1019) 285, 412
Ibn Baqī (d. 540/1145–6) 425
Ibn Burd al-Aṣghar (d. 445/1053–4) 248–54
Ibn al-Dumaynah (2nd/8th c.) 27, 164
Ibn Durustawayh (d. 346/957) 265
Ibn al-Fāriḍ (d. 632/1235) 79–82, 352, 368, 369, 370, 428, 433, 438, 439
Ibn Ghāzī al-Miknāsī (d. 919/1513) 422
Ibn Ḥabīb al-Ḥalabī (d. 779/1377) 345
Ibn Ḥajar (d. 852/1449) 395, 437
Ibn al-Ḥajjāj (d. 391/1000) 287
Ibn Ḥamdūn (d. 562/1166–7) 375, 380, 384, 390, 420, 439
Ibn Khafājah (d. 533/1138–9) 65–66, 366, 428, 439, 445
Ibn Jundab 159
Ibn al-Labbānah (d. 507/1113) 69
Ibn Makānis (d. 794/1392) xviii, 93, 102–8, 374, 428
Ibn Mālik (d. 672/1274) 93, 96, 372, 439
Ibn al-Muqaffa‘ (d. ca. 139/756) 166, 168–75, 195, 196, 197, 377, 382, 383, 387, 426, 440, 449, 453
Ibn al-Muqrī, Ismā‘īl ibn Abī Bakr (d. 837/1433) 304, 418
Ibn al-Mu‘tazz (d. 296/908) xxvii, 280, 284, 285, 286, 289, 290, 291, 294, 296, 410, 412, 414, 421, 440, 455
Ibn Nubātah al-Miṣrī (d. 768/1366) 85–88, 371, 428, 440
Ibn Nubātah al-Sa‘dī (d. 405/1015) 85, 411
Ibn al-Qāriḥ, ‘Alī ibn Manṣūr (d. after 421/1030) 255, 258, 259, 262, 272, 273, 276
Ibn Qaz‘ah, ‘Ubayd Allāh 313
Ibn Qutaybah (d. 276/889) 115, 128, 148, 280, 305, 364, 376, 377, 378, 379, 408, 410, 413, 417, 419, 420, 427, 440
Ibn Rashīq (d. 456/1063 or 463/1071) 277–80, 407, 408, 440
Ibn al-Rūmī (d. 283/896) 51–57, 282, 288, 290, 362, 363, 364, 410, 427, 437, 440, 444, 447
Ibn Sa‘dān al-‘Āriḍ (d. 374/984) 195
Ibn Sanā’ al-Mulk (d. 608/1211) 69, 367, 440
Ibn Sīdah (d. 458/1066) 298
Ibn Sīnā (d. 428/1037) xxii, 73–74, 368, 427
Ibn Sīrīn (d. 110/728) 304, 418
Ibn Ṭabāṭabā (d. 322/934) 354, 380, 441
Ibn al-Wardī (d. 749/1349) 425
Ibrāhīm al-Khawwāṣ (d. 291/903) 241, 397
Ibrāhīm ibn al-Mahdī (d. 224/839) 4, 46, 210, 230, 244, 280, 288, 307, 392, 394, 398, 405
Ibrāhīm al-Mawṣilī (d. 188/804) 279, 359
Ibshīhī, al- (d. ca. 850/1446) 305–17, 355, 375, 376, 377, 390, 418, 428, 441
Ikhwān al-Ṣafā’ (4th/10th c.) 218–24, 392, 393, 432, 427, 441
‘Ikrimah (d. ca. 105/723) 302
‘Imlīq ibn Lāwadh 378
Imru’ al-Qays (6th c.) xvii, xxiii, xxiv, xxviii, 111, 123–26, 268, 271, 274, 379, 393, 400, 401, 405, 406, 426, 441, 455, 456
Indians 195, 196, 198, 200, 205
Isfahan 246
Iṣfahānī, Abū l-Faraj al- (d. ca. 363/972) 27, 123–26, 127, 359, 360, 362, 370, 372, 374, 375, 376, 378, 379, 382, 386, 413, 414, 421, 427, 441
Isḥāq ibn Ibrāhīm al-Mawṣilī (d. 235/850) 279
Ismā‘īl ibn Ṣabīḥ (2nd–3rd/8th –9th c.) 211
Jāḥiẓ, al- (d. 255/868–9) xxii, 176–94, 195, 297, 302, 305, 311, 361, 374, 375, 383, 384, 385, 386, 404, 417, 419, 420, 427, 441, 444, 453
Jaḥẓah (d. 324/936) 160, 306, 419
Jamīl ibn Ma‘mar (d. 82/701) 27, 129, 380, 381
Jarīr (d. 111/729) xviii, 15, 16, 17–20, 312, 355, 356, 357, 364, 368, 372, 380, 387, 401, 420, 426, 432, 442, 445, 453
Jayhānī, al- (4th/10th c.) 200, 202, 388, 438, 439
Jibrīl/Gabriel 310
Ka‘b ibn ‘Awf 6
Ka‘b ibn Mālik (d. 50/670 or 53/673) 258, 402, 403
Ka‘b ibn Zuhayr (1st/7th c.) 390, 448
Kawkabānī, al- see Ḥaymī
Khadījah (d. 619) 260
Khālid ibn Ṣafwān (d. 135/752) 306
Khalīl ibn Aḥmad, al- (d. 175/791) xxiii, 404, 406, 427
Khalīl ibn Yaḥyā, al- 194
Khansā’, al- (d. after 23/644) xxi, 12–14, 33, 272, 355, 426, 442, 453
Khāqān ibn Ṣubayḥ (3rd/9th c.) 309
Khārijites 417
Khāzim ibn Khuzaymah 213
Khurāsān 181, 191, 208, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214, 309, 328, 388, 390, 391, 419
Khuraybah, al- 188
Khuzaymah ibn Khāzim 391
Khūzistān 121
Kindī, al- (d. after 252/865) 145, 427
Kisā’ī, al- (d. 189/805) 208, 209, 390
Kisrā 16, 198, 200, 355, 360, 387
Kulayb ibn Yarbū‘ (pre-Islamic) 16, 355
Labīd (d. ca. 41/661) xvii, 257, 360, 402, 447, 450, 455
Lubnā 28, 29, 127–65, 379, 380, 382, 442, 446, 447
Ma‘arrī, al- see Abū l-‘Alā’ al-Ma‘ārrī
Ma‘bad (d. 125/743 or 126/744) 154, 381
Mahdī, al- (r. 158/775–169/785) 4, 46, 210, 230, 244, 280, 288, 307, 392, 394, 398, 405
Majnūn Laylā, Qays ibn al-Mulawwaḥ (1st/7th c.) 27, 29–30, 154, 359, 380, 414, 443
Makhlad al-Ṭabarī 208, 230, 241, 375, 389, 391, 394, 392, 448
Makkī, al- (3rd/9th c.) 181
Mālik ibn Fahm al-Azdī 405
Ma’mūn, al- (r. 198/813–218/833) 208–17, 292, 384, 390, 391, 392, 420, 421, 427
Ma‘n ibn Aws (d. ca. 64/684) 405
Mānī l-Muwaswis (d. 245/859) 421
Manṣūr, al- (r. 136/754–158/775) 4, 210, 211, 307, 390, 391, 392, 426
Marw 211, 212, 307, 308, 309, 390, 419
Marwān ibn Abī Ḥafṣah (d. ca. 182/798) 307, 420
Marwān ibn al-Ḥakam (r. 64/684–65/685) 145, 148
Marzubānī, Muḥammad ibn ‘Imrān al- (d. 384/994) 271, 390, 406, 412, 421, 444
Mas‘ūdī, al- (d. 345/956) 119–22, 374, 375, 376, 377, 378, 380, 389, 390, 391, 392, 395, 398, 427, 444
Mawṣilī, al- see Ibrāhīm and Isḥāq ibn Ibrāhīm al-Mawṣilī
Māzinī, al- (d. 249/863) 266, 404
Mecca xxvi, 31, 139, 199, 299, 360, 379, 381, 385, 401, 405, 406, 419, 426
Medina xxvi, 94, 129, 145, 147, 151, 153, 154, 155, 161, 194, 357, 370, 381, 402, 405, 426
Minā 149
Mirbad, al- 196
Moses/Mūsā 204, 223, 224, 367, 370, 396, 412
Mu‘ammar ibn ‘Abbās (d. 215/830) 193
Mu‘āwiyah ibn Abī Sufyān (r. 41/661– 60/680) 12, 94, 145, 148, 149, 231, 355, 381, 395, 417, 426
Muḍar 19, 125, 257, 356, 366, 402
Mufaḍḍal al-Ḍabbī, al- (d. after 163/780) 4
Muḥammad (the Prophet) (d. 10/632) xvi, xxii, xxvi, xxvii, 94, 112, 176, 204, 224, 259, 260, 270, 317, 372, 375, 377, 381, 384, 387, 388, 389, 398, 402, 403, 414, 424, 426, 439
Muḥammad ibn Ḥāzim al-Bāhilī (fl. early 3rd/9th c.) 420
Muḥammad ibn al-Jahm (3rd/9th c.) 180, 181, 315
Muḥammad ibn ‘Umar al-Bakrāwī 194
Muḥammad ibn Yaḥyā ibn Khālid 307
Mujāhid ibn ‘Abd Allāh al-‘Āmirī (r. 400/1009–436/1044) 248
Mujīr al-Dīn Muḥammad ibn Tamīm (d. 684/1285) 425
Mulaykah (or Malīkah) 114, 376
Mundhir ibn Mā’ al-Samā’, al- (6th c.) 4, 353
Mūsā al-Kāẓim ibn Ja‘far al-Ṣādiq (d. 183/799) 390
Mūsā ibn Muḥammad al-Amīn 212, 214
Musaylimah (d. ca. 12/633) 112
Mu‘taḍid, al- (r. 279/892–289/902) 243, 244, 398
Mutanabbī, al- (d. 354/965) xvii, xxii, xxiv, xxviii, 61–64, 279, 292, 293, 308, 359, 364, 365, 387, 409, 414, 427, 433, 437, 442, 443, 445, 455, 456
Mutanakhkhil, al- (pre-Islamic) 403
Muthaqqib al-‘Abdī, al- (2nd half of 6th c.) 8–11, 426
Muwaffaq ibn al-Mutawakkil, al- (d. 278/891) 412
Muwaffaq Abū l-Jaysh, al- see Mujāhid ibn ‘Abd Allāh
Nābighah al-Dhubyānī, al- (6th c.) 364, 389
Naḍīrah, al- 376
Naḍr ibn Shumayl, al- (d. ca. 204/820) 265
Nāfi‘ ibn al-Azraq (d. 65/685) 302, 303
Nāṣir al-Dīn al-Ghayṭī (d. 1st half of 9th/15th c.) 83, 89–92, 371
Naẓẓām, Ibrāhīm ibn Sayyār al- (d. between 220/836 and 230/845) 386
Nizār (pre-Islamic) 28, 59, 364, 378, 388
Palestine 394
Persians 38, 115, 195, 196, 198, 200, 202, 203, 205, 377, 387, 419
Qabāth ibn Razīn (d. 156/773) 231–41, 395
Qalūṣah, al- 215
Qarmīsīn 216
Qays ibn ‘Aylān 356
Qays ibn Dharīḥ (d. ca. 70/689) xxvii, 29, 127–65, 379, 380, 382, 426, 442, 446, 447
Qays ibn al-Mulawwaḥ see Majnūn Laylā
Qazwīnī, Zakariyyā al- (d. 682/1283) 301, 375, 376, 393, 417, 446
Qudāḥ 330
Qurayṣ 380
Quraysh xviii, 18, 112, 135, 145, 155, 164, 356, 405
Quss ibn Sā‘idah (pre-Islamic) 111
Rabī‘ ibn Yūnus (d. ca. 169/785–6) 419
Rabī‘ah 5, 63, 257, 353, 366, 402
Rā‘ī al-Numayrī, al- (d. ca. 96/714) 401, 416, 255, 299
Rayṭah bint al-Saffāḥ (d. 170/786–87) 398
Rayy, al- 212, 214, 215, 246, 391, 397
Rib‘ī al-Hamdānī 311
Ru’bah ibn al-‘Ajjāj (d. 145/762) 274–76, 407
Rummānī, al- (d. 384/994) 277
Sābūr Dhū l-Aktāf (r. AD 309–79) 114, 116, 376
Ṣadr al-Dīn ibn al-Wakīl 424
Ṣāḥib ibn ‘Abbād, al- (d. 385/995) 412
Sahl ibn Hārūn (d. 215/830) 306, 308
Ṣaḥṣaḥ 193
Ṣakhr (pre-Islamic) 12, 13, 272, 355
Ṣāliḥ ibn ‘Abd al-Quddūs (d. 2nd half of 2nd/8th c.) 421
Ṣāliḥ Ṣāḥib al-Muṣallā 212, 391
Samaw’al, al- (6th c.) 362
Sanaa 299
Sarī al-Raffā’, al- (d. ca. 362/972) 298, 416, 446
Ṣārim al-Dīn Ibrāhīm ibn Ṣāliḥ al-Hindī (d. 1101/1689–90) 425
Sāṭirūn (pre-Islamic) 116, 376
Sawād, al- 377
Sayf al-Dawlah (r. 333/944–356/967) xxii, 61–64, 366
Shabīb ibn Shaybah (d. 162/778–9
or after) 196
Shāfi‘ī, al- (d. 204/820) 304, 418
Shammākh, al- (1st/7th c.) 359
Shanfarā, al- (pre-Islamic) xvii, 447, 455
Sharaf al-Dīn Rājiḥ ibn Ismā‘īl al-Ḥillī (d. 627/1230) 425
Sharīshī, al- (d. 619/1222) 73
Shibl al-Dawlah (r. 420/1029–429/1038) 259, 402
Shirbīnī, al- (fl. 1097/1686) xxvii, 339–44, 371, 397, 423, 428, 447, 450, 453
Shuraḥbīl ibn al-Ḥārith (pre-Islamic) 16, 356
Shushtarī, al- (d. 668/1269) 22, 83–84, 370, 428, 447
Sībawayh (d. ca. 177/793) 404, 407, 427
Sincere Brethren see Ikhwān al-Ṣafā’
Slavs 200
Solomon/Sulaymān 118, 204, 298–304, 378, 416, 417
Sufālah, al- 181
Sufis 79, 103, 241, 369, 398, 436, 450
Ṣūlī, Abū Bakr al- (d. ca. 335/946) 362, 380, 412, 413, 448
Ṣūrī, ‘Abd al-Muḥsin al- (d. 419/1028) 367
Suyūṭī, al- (d. 911/1505) 372, 395, 422, 428, 448
Ta’abbaṭa Sharrā (pre-Islamic) 110
Taghlib 18, 19, 20, 312, 356, 357, 420
Ṭāhir ibn al-Ḥusayn (d. 207/822) 212, 215, 216, 217, 391
Tamīm ibn Muqbil (d. after 35/656) 22, 357, 358
Tanūkhī, al- (d. 384/994) 225–44, 339, 379, 383, 389, 394, 395, 397, 398, 427, 437
Tawḥīdī, Abū Ḥayyān al- (d. after 400/1010, possibly 414/1023) 195–207, 377, 386, 387, 388, 389, 427, 434, 449
Taymā’ 362
Tha‘labī, al- (d. 427/1035) 363, 416
Tīfāshī, Shihāb al-Dīn Aḥmad ibn Yūsuf al- (d. 651/1253) 333–38, 422, 428, 449
Tīmūr (d. 807/1405) 89
‘Ubayd Allāh Ibn al-Muẓaffar see Abū l-Ḥakam al-Maghribī
‘Udhāfir ibn Aws 274
‘Ulayyah bint al-Mahdī (d. 210/825) 46–48, 362, 436
‘Umar ibn ‘Abd al-‘Azīz (r. 99/717–101/720) 305, 419
‘Umar ibn Abī Rabī‘ah (d. 93/712 or 103/720) 31–32, 352, 426, 449, 453
‘Umar ibn al-Khattāb (r. 13/634–23/644) 132
‘Umar ibn Maymūn 315
‘Umar ibn Shabbah (d. 262/878) 128, 148
‘Umar ibn Yazīd al-Asadī 306
Umayyah ibn Abī l-Ṣalt (d. ca. 9/631) 414
‘Unayzah 123, 124, 125, 379, 406
‘Urwah ibn Ḥizām (d. 30/650 or after) 143, 381, 382, 426
‘Urwah ibn al-Ward (2nd half of 6th c.) 381
Yaḥyā ibn ‘Alī ibn ‘Īsā 216
Yaḥyā ibn Khālid al-Barmakī (d. 190/805) 398, 419
Yazīd ibn Mu‘āwiyah (r. 64/683–4) 158, 384, 395
Yemen 2, 25, 97, 139, 299, 300, 345, 352, 405, 416, 448
Zamakhsharī, al- (d. 538/1144) 301, 390, 406, 416, 417
Zoroaster (Zarathustra, Zarādusht) 203, 204, 205, 388, 389
Zubaydah bint Ja‘far (d. 216/831–2) 209–10, 214, 390
Zubayr ibn Bakkār, al- (d. 256/870) 135, 143, 149, 153, 158, 159, 161, 381
Zuhayr ibn Abī Sulmā (d. AD 609) 19, 386
Zuhrah 155