Table of Contents

Cover

Table of Contents

Dedication

Title page

Copyright page

Boxes, Tables, and Figures

Preface

Acknowledgments

1 What is ADHD?

What Does ADHD Look Like and Who Has It?

ADHD – Two Faces of the Same Coin

The Negative Impact of ADHD

What is ADHD Like?

ADHD: Science and Society

Summary

2 Diagnosis, Epidemiology, and Comorbidity

A Short History of ADHD

Current Diagnosis

DSM-IV vs ICD-10

Is ADHD Real?

Adult ADHD

Is Adult ADHD Real?

Diagnosis and Future Criteria

Assessment

Rating Scales

Epidemiology

Comorbidity – Not Just ADHD

Summary

3 Causality and the Environmental Hypotheses of ADHD

Causality

Animal Models of ADHD

The Environment

Summary

4 Psychological Theories of ADHD

Impulsivity and Behavioral/Response Inhibition

Alerting, Orienting, and Executive Functioning – Separate Circuits in ADHD

Working Memory

The Supervisory Attentional System

Brown’s Executive Functioning Model

The Cognitive-Energetic Model

Summary

5 The Genetics of ADHD

The Evidence for (and against) ADHD as a Genetically Inherited Disorder

Evolution and the Continuation of ADHD

Molecular Genetics

Summary

6 The Neuroscience of ADHD

The Brain: A Brief Guide to Development and Neuroanatomy

Regions of the Brain

A Brief Account of Imaging the Brain

The Brain in ADHD

Structural Changes

Gray and White Matter

The Frontal Lobes

The Basal Ganglia

The Cerebellum

Functional Significance

Functional Imaging of ADHD

Psychophysiological Studies

The Fronto-Striatal Circuits

Summary

7 Psychostimulant Treatment of ADHD

A Brief Review of the Neuropharmacology

Pharmacotherapy in ADHD

The Pharmacology and Efficacy of Psychostimulants Used in Treating ADHD

The Pharmacology of Methylphenidate

The Pharmacology of Amphetamine

Clinical Effects of Methylphenidate and Amphetamine

The MTA Study

Side-Effects of Amphetamine and Methylphenidate

Pemoline

Nicotine

Tolerance and Withdrawal

Psychopharmacology: From Treatment to Theory

Hypo/Hyperfunctioning DA in ADHD

Grace’s Tonic and the Phasic Account of ADHD

A Dynamic Developmental Theory of ADHD

The Rate-Dependent Hypothesis and the Effects of Psychostimulants

Noradrenaline

Summary

8 Non-Stimulant Medications and Non-Pharmacological Treatments

Non-Stimulant Medications

How Do These Drugs Fit into Theoretical Accounts of ADHD?

Non-Pharmacological Treatments

Alternative Treatments

Summary

9 Addiction, Reward, and ADHD

Addiction

Addiction in ADHD

Are ADHD Subtypes Linked to Any Particular Drugs?

Amphetamines, Methylphenidate, and Addiction

Methylphenidate Treatment and Addiction

Drugs, Cannabis, and Psychiatry

Methylphenidate: Slow Release and the Treatment of Cocaine and Amphetamine Addiction

Methylphenidate and Long-Term Neural Changes

Reward Deficiency in ADHD

Impulsivity in SUD and ADHD (Revisited)

Summary

10 The Past, Present, and Future Science of ADHD

Towards a Better Understanding and Treatment of ADHD

What Do the NICE Guidelines on ADHD Really State?

Glossary

References

Index