CONTENTS

FOREWORD by Robert M. Yerkes and George W. Corner

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

PART I. HISTORY AND METHOD

1. SCOPE OF THE STUDY

Historical Background

The Scientific Objective

The Right to Investigate

The Individual’s Right to Know

Problems of Marital Adjustment

Sexual Problems of Unmarried Youth

Sexual Education of Children

Social Control of Sexual Behavior

The incidence of sex offenses

The sex offender

Effective sex law

The protection of the individual

2. THE SAMPLE AND ITS STATISTICAL ANALYSIS

Problems of Sampling

Functions of a sample

Probability sampling

Probability sampling in a sex study

Group sampling on present project

Constitution of Present Sample

Age range

Educational background

Marital status

Religious background

Parental occupational class

Subject’s occupational class

Rural-urban background

Decade of birth

Age at onset of adolescence

Geographic origin

Inadequacies of Present Sample

Specific Sources of Present Sample

Groups involved

Occupations of female subjects

Occupations of husbands of female subjects

Number of Cases in Sample

Question inapplicable

Uncertain behavior

Question not asked

Interviewer’s failure

Refusal to reply

Insufficient information

Statistical Analyses

Accumulative incidence

Active incidence

Frequency of activity

Frequency classes

Median frequency

Active median frequency

Total median frequency

Mean frequency

Active mean frequency

Total mean frequency

Standard error

Significant differences

Percentage of total outlet

Coefficient of correlation

Age

Marital status

Educational level

Occupational class of parental home

Decade of birth

Age at onset of adolescence

Rural-urban background

Religious background

U. S. estimates

3. SOURCES OF DATA

Case Histories Obtained in Personal Interviews

Establishing rapport

Objectivity of the investigator

Confidence of the record

Flexibility in form of question

Consistency of data

Determining the quality of the response

Time involved in interview

Reported Data from Case Histories

Accumulative incidence

Active incidence

Frequency of activity

Number of years involved

Techniques

Partners

Motivations and attitudes

Correlations with biologic and social backgrounds

Psychologic and social significance

Reliability and Validity of Reported Data

Retakes

Comparisons of spouses

Conformance of female and male reports on marital coitus

Non-conformance of female and male reports on pre-marital coitus

Memory vs. physical findings

Comparisons of data in present and previous studies

Recorded Data as Sources of Information

Calendars

Diaries

Correspondence

Original fiction

Scrapbooks and photographic collections

Art materials

Toilet wall inscriptions

Other erotic materials

Sado-masochistic material

Observed Data

Community studies

Clinical studies

Mammalian studies

Previously Published Studies

Anthropologic studies

Legal studies

Previous statistical studies

Other previous studies

PART II. TYPES OF SEXUAL ACTIVITY AMONG FEMALES

4. PRE -ADOLESCENT SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT

Pre-Adolescent Sexual Response and Orgasm

Accumulative incidence of pre-adolescent response

Nature of pre-adolescent orgasm

Accumulative incidence of pre-adolescent orgasm

Sources of early arousal and orgasm

Pre-Adolescent Heterosexual Play

Socio-sexual development

Accumulative incidence of heterosexual play

Active incidence of heterosexual play

Frequency of heterosexual play

Number of years in heterosexual play

Techniques of heterosexual play

Pre-Adolescent Homosexual Play

Accumulative incidence of homosexual play

Active incidence of homosexual play

Number of years in homosexual play

Techniques of homosexual play

Significance of Pre-Adolescent Sex Play

Significance in psychosexual development

Effect on adult patterns

Pre-Adolescent Contacts with Adult Males

Incidence and frequency of contact with adults

Adult partners

Nature of contacts with adults

Significance of adult contacts

Adolescent Development

Physical development

Psychosexual development in adolescence

5. MASTURBATION

Definition

Mammalian and Primitive Human Backgrounds

Masturbation among mammals

Masturbation among primitive human groups

Phylogenetic interpretations

Learning to Masturbate

Self-discovery

Verbal and printed sources

Petting experience

Observation

Homosexual experience

Relation to Age and Marital Status

Among children

Accumulative incidence

Active incidence

Frequency to orgasm

Individual variation in frequency

Percentage of total outlet

Number of years involved

Relation to Educational Level

Incidence to orgasm

Frequency to orgasm

Percentage of total outlet

Relation to Parental Occupational Class

Relation to Decade of Birth

Incidence

Frequency to orgasm

Percentage of total outlet

Relation to Age at Onset of Adolescence

Relation to Rural-Urban Background

Incidence

Frequency to orgasm

Percentage of total outlet

Relation to Religious Background

Accumulative incidence

Active incidence

Frequency to orgasm

Percentage of total outlet

Techniques of Masturbation

Clitoral and labial techniques

Labia majora

Thigh pressures

Muscular tensions

Breasts

Vaginal insertions

Fantasy alone

Other techniques

Speed of response to orgasm

Fantasy Accompanying Masturbation

Significance of Masturbation

Physiologic significance

Lack of physical harm

Moral interpretations

Legal significance

Psychologic significance

Social significance

Summary and Comparisons of Female and Male

6. NOCTURNAL SEX DREAMS

Origins of Nocturnal Dreams

Incidence and Frequency

General summary

Relation to age and marital status

Relation to educational level

Relation to parental occupational class

Relation to decade of birth

Relation to age at onset of adolescence

Relation to rural-urban background

Relation to religious background

Percentage of Total Outlet

Correlation with Other Sexual Outlets

Content of Nocturnal Dreams

Summary and Comparisons of Female and Male

7. PRE -MARITAL PETTING

Definition

Phylogenetic Origins

Historical Occurrence

Relation to Age

Accumulative incidence

Active incidence

Frequency of experience

Frequency of orgasm

Individual variation in frequency

Percentage of total outlet

Number of years involved

Number of partners

Relation to Age at Marriage and Educational Level

Incidence

Frequency of petting to orgasm

Percentage of total outlet

Relation to Parental Occupational Class

Relation to Decade of Birth

Accumulative incidence

Active incidence

Frequency of orgasm

Percentage of total outlet

Relation to Age at Onset of Adolescence

Relation to Rural-Urban Background

Relation to Religious Background

Accumulative incidence

Active incidence

Frequency of orgasm

Percentage of total outlet

Socio-Sexual Relations as Measures of Female Capacities

Techniques in Petting

Simple kissing

Deep kissing

Breast stimulation

Mouth-breast contacts

Manual stimulation of female genitalia

Manual stimulation of the male genitalia

Oral contacts with female genitalia

Oral contacts with male genitalia

Genital apposition

Time involved

Place

Significance of Petting

Moral interpretations

Legal implications

Physiologic significance

Social significance

Summary and Comparisons of Female and Male

8. PRE -MARITAL COITUS

Historical Origins

Mammalian backgrounds

Anthropologic data

In American cultures

Relation to Age

Accumulative incidence of experience

Accumulative incidence to orgasm

Active incidence

Frequency

Percentage of total outlet

Number of years involved

Number of partners

Relation to Age at Marriage and Educational Level

Accumulative incidence

Active incidence

Frequency

Percentage of total outlet

Relation to Parental Occupational Class

Accumulative incidence

Active incidence

Percentage of total outlet

Relation to Decade of Birth

Accumulative incidence

Active incidence

Frequency

Percentage of total outlet

Relation to Age at Onset of Adolescence

Relation to Rural-Urban Background

Relation to Religious Background

Incidence

Frequency

Percentage of total outlet

Significance of Pre-Marital Coitus

Against pre-marital coitus

For pre-marital coitus

Nature and Conditions of Pre-marital Coitus

Place of coitus

Techniques of pre-coital foreplay

Time involved in foreplay

Positions in coitus

Nudity

Physiologic Significance

Psychologic Significance

Attitudes

Regret after experience

Acceptance

Moral Aspects

Legal Aspects

Social Significance

Pre-marital pregnancy

Venereal infection

Emotional significance

Effect on marriage

Summary and Comparisons of Female and Male

9. MARITAL COITUS

Relation to Age

Incidence of experience

Frequency of experience

Individual variation in frequency

Incidence and frequency of orgasm

Apparent aging effect in incidence and frequency

Percentage of total outlet

Relation to Educational Level

Relation to Parental Occupational Class

Relation to Decade of Birth

Active incidence of orgasm

Frequency of experience

Percentage of total outlet

Relation to Age at Onset of Adolescence

Relation to Religious Background

Coital Techniques in Marriage

Pre-coital petting techniques

Coital positions

Time involved in foreplay

Nudity in sleep and in coitus

Moral and Legal Considerations

Significance of Orgasm

Occurrence of Orgasm in the Female

Incidence of female orgasm

Multiple orgasm

Nature of Factors Affecting Orgasm

Intrinsic capacity of the female

Orgasm in relation to age of female

Orgasm in relation to educational level

Orgasm in relation to parental occupational class

Orgasm in relation to decade of birth

Orgasm in relation to age at onset of adolescence

Orgasm in relation to religious background

Orgasm in relation to age at marriage

Orgasm in relation to length of marriage

Orgasm in relation to techniques of marital coitus

Orgasm in marital coitus vs. pre-marital orgasm

Orgasm in marital coitus vs. pre-marital coital experience

Orgasm in marital coitus vs. pre-marital petting to orgasm

Orgasm in marital coitus vs. pre-marital experience in masturbation

Summary and Comparisons of Female and Male

10. EXTRA -MARITAL COITUS

Mammalian Origins

Anthropologic Data

Relation to Age

Accumulative incidence

Active incidence

Incidence of orgasm

Frequency

Sporadic nature of frequency

Percentage of total outlet

Relation to Educational Level

Relation to Parental Occupational Class

Relation to Decade of Birth

Relation to Age at Onset of Adolescence

Relation to Religious Background

Nature and Conditions of Extra-Marital Coitus

Partners

Number of years involved

Extra-marital petting

Relation to pre-marital coitus

Moral and Legal Status

Anglo-American law

Social attitudes

Social Significance

Summary and Comparisons of Female and Male

11. HOMOSEXUAL RESPONSES AND CONTACTS

Physiologic and Psychologic Bases

Mammalian Background

Anthropologic Background

Relation to Age and Marital Status

Accumulative incidence in total sample

Active incidence to orgasm

Frequency to orgasm

Percentage of total outlet

Number of years involved

Number of partners

Relation to Educational Level

Accumulative incidence

Active incidence to orgasm

Frequency to orgasm

Percentage of total outlet

Relation to Parental Occupational Class

Relation to Decade of Birth

Relation to Age at Onset of Adolescence

Relation to Rural-Urban Background

Relation to Religious Background

Accumulative incidence

Active incidence

Active median frequency to orgasm

Percentage of total outlet

Techniques in Homosexual Contacts

The Heterosexual-Homosexual Balance

Heterosexual-homosexual rating

Percentage with each rating

Extent of female vs. male homosexuality

Social Significance of Homosexuality

Acceptance for oneself

Approval for others

Moral interpretations

Legal attitudes

Basic social interests

Summary and Comparisons of Female and Male

12. ANIMAL CONTACTS

Bases of Inter-Specific Sexual Contacts

Incidences and Frequencies

In pre-adolescence

Among adult females

Significance of Animal Contacts

Summary and Comparisons of Female and Male

13. TOTAL SEXUAL OUTLET

Development of Sexual Responsiveness

First erotic response in the female

Sources of first arousal

Age at first orgasm in the female

Factors affecting age at first orgasm

Sources of first orgasm

Single Females: Total Outlet

Accumulative incidence

Active incidence

Relation of frequency to age

Female vs. male frequency prior to marriage

Other factors affecting incidence and frequency

Active incidence and frequency, and religious background

Sources of total outlet for single females

Single females without orgasm

Married Females: Total Outlet

Relation to age

Relation to decade of birth

Relation to other factors

Sources of total outlet

Married females without orgasm

Previously Married Females: Total Outlet

Relation to age

Relation to educational level

Sources of total outlet

Previously married females without orgasm

Individual Variation

PART III. COMPARISONS OF FEMALE AND MALE

14. ANATOMY OF SEXUAL RESPONSE AND ORGASM

Basic Significance of Anatomic Data

Sources of Data

Stimulation through End Organs of Touch

Penis

Clitoris

Urethra and meatus

Labia minora

Labia majora and scrotum

Vestibule of vagina

Interior of vagina

Cervix

Perineum

Anus

Breasts

Mouth

Ears

Buttocks

Thighs

Other body surfaces

Stimulation through Other Sense Organs

Summary and Comparisons of Female and Male

15. PHYSIOLOGY OF SEXUAL RESPONSE AND ORGASM

Physiologic Changes During Sexual Response

Tactile and pressure responses

Pulse rate

Blood pressure

Increased peripheral flow of blood

Tumescence

Respiration

Anoxia

Bleeding

Female genital secretions

Male genital secretions

Nasal and salivary secretions

Reduction in sensory perception

Central nervous system

Movements in buttocks and pelvis

Movements of thighs

Movements of feet and toes

Movements of arms and legs

Movements of hands and fingers

Abdominal muscles

Thoracic muscles

Neck muscles

Facial muscles

Eye muscles

Scrotum and testes

Other structures

The Approach to Orgasm

The build-up

Speed of response

Orgasm

After-Effects of Orgasm

Muscular spasms and convulsions

Genital spasms and convulsions

Ejaculation

Other readjustments

Individual variation

Conscious satisfactions

Summary and Comparisons of Female and Male

16. PSYCHOLOGIC FACTORS IN SEXUAL RESPONSE

Learning and Conditioning

Development of Preferences

Vicarious Sharing of Experience

Reactions to Associated Objects

Sympathetic Responses

Significance of Conditioning in Females and Males

Observing the opposite sex

Observing one’s own sex

Observing portrayals of nude figures

Erotic fine art

Observing genitalia

Observing own genitalia

Exhibitionism

Interest in genital techniques

Observing moving pictures

Observing burlesque and floor shows

Observing sexual action

Observing portrayals of sexual action

Observing animals in coitus

Peeping and voyeurism

Preferences for light or dark

Fantasies concerning opposite sex

Fantasies concerning own sex

Fantasies during masturbation

Nocturnal sex dreams

Diversion during coitus

Stimulation by literary materials

Stimulation by erotic stories

Erotic writing and drawing

Wall inscriptions

Discussions of sex

Arousal from sado-masochistic stories

Responses to beingbitten

Fetishism

Transvestism

Discontinuity in sexual activity

Promiscuity

Significance of sexual element in marriage

Social factors affecting sexual patterns

Summary and Comparisons of Female and Male

17. NEURAL MECHANISMS OF SEXUAL RESPONSE

Evidence of Nervous Function

Chain reactions

Blood-distributed agents

Nervous mechanisms

Tactile Stimulation and Reflex Arcs

Function of the Sacro-Lumbar Area

Role of Upper Portions of Cord

Role of Autonomic Nervous System

The Sexual Syndrome

Anger

Fear

Epilepsy

Role of the Brain in Sexual Response

Frontal lobes

Occipital, parietal, and temporal lobes

Cerebrum

Hypothalamus

18. HORMONAL FACTORS IN SEXUAL RESPONSE

Role of the Hormones

Discovery of the hormones

Nature of the hormones

Gonadal Hormones and Physical Characters

Development of physical characters in young mammals

Maintenance of physical characters in adults

Levels of Gonadal Hormones and Sexual Behavior

Estrogen levels at younger ages

Androgen levels at younger ages

Levels of gonadal hormones in older adults

Gonadal Insufficiencies and Sexual Behavior

Castration and sexual response in young females and males

Castration and sexual response in adult females

Castration of adult females of lower mammalian species

Castration and sexual response in adult males

Studies on Castration of Adult Human Males

Increased Supplies of Gonadal Hormones

Excessive gonadal hormones in young animals

Excessive androgens in adults

Excessive estrogens in adults

Pituitary Hormones in Sexual Behavior

Relation of pituitary to physical characters

Relation of pituitary to sexual behavior

Pituitary secretions and levels of sexual response

Thyroid Hormones

Adrenal Hormones

Adrenaline

Cortical hormones

Hormones and Patterns of Sexual Behavior

Summary and Conclusions

BIBLIOGRAPHY

INDEX