Contents

Barron’s Essential 5

Preface

Introduction

Using the Book

A Guide to the Redesigned Course and Exam

Skills Needed to Succeed

How the Test Is Scored

Study Strategies

Newly Redesigned Course Outline

Multiple-Choice Questions

Free-Response Questions

AP U.S. Government and Politics Free-Response Topics

1 Foundations of American Democracy (Unit 1)

Big Ideas: Constitutionalism, Liberty and Order, Competing Policy-Making Interests

Questions Students Must Answer

Key Terms Students Must Know

Required Primary Documents Students Must Know

Required Supreme Court Cases Students Must Know

Key Concept 1.a: Evolution of Representative Democracy

Evolution of Representative Democracy Based on the Idea of Limited Government

Key Concept 1.b: Origins of the Constitution

Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists

Key Concept 1.c: The Constitution

The Importance of Goals and Public Policy

The Role of Government Has Different Perspectives

Separation of Powers and Checks and Balances

Presidential Succession

Executive Orders

Judicial Branch

Key Concept 1.d: Federalism

State Governments

National Policy Making and Federalism

Review Multiple-Choice Questions

Review Free-Response Questions

2 Interactions Among the Branches of Government (Unit 2)

Big Ideas: Constitutionalism, Competing Policy-Making Interests

Questions Students Must Answer

Key Terms Students Must Know

Required Primary Documents Students Must Know

Required Supreme Court Cases Students Must Know

Key Concept 2.a: The Legislative Branch

Constitutional Review of Congress

Policy-Making Process of Congress

Key Concept 2.b: The Executive Branch

Constitutional Review of The Presidency

The Cabinet and White House Staff

The New Technology and the Presidency

Key Concept 2.c: The Judicial Branch

Quick Constitutional Review of The Judiciary

Key Concept 2.d: The Federal Bureaucracy

Constitutional Review of Bureaucracies

Executive-Level Departments

Review Multiple-Choice Questions

Review Free-Response Questions

3 Civil Liberties and Civil Rights (Unit 3)

Big Ideas: Liberty and Order, Constitutionalism, Competing Policy-Making Interests, Civic Participation in a Representative Democracy

Questions Students Must Answer

Key Terms Students Must Know

Required Primary Documents Students Must Know

Other documents students should know

Required Supreme Court Cases Students Must Know

Optional Cases that support Key Concepts

Key Concept 3.a: The Bill of Rights

The Nature of the Bill of Rights

Freedom of Religion

Freedom of Speech and The Press

Freedom of Assembly

Right to Keep and Bear Arms

Right to Privacy

Eighth Amendment

Ninth Amendment

Key Concept 3.b: The Fourteenth Amendment

Key Concept 3.c: Equal Protection Under the Law and Selective Incorporation

Right to Privacy

Key Concept 3.d: Civil Rights

Key Concept 3.e: The Supreme Court Interprets Civil Rights Issues

African Americans’ Fight for Civil Rights

Social Movements and Civil Rights

Review Multiple-Choice Questions

Review Free-Response Questions

4 American Political Ideologies and Beliefs (Unit 4)

Big Ideas: Methods of Political Analysis, Competing Policy-Making Interests

Questions Students Must Answer

Key Terms Students Must Know

Key Concept 4.a: Demographics and Political Socialization

Key Concept 4.b: Polling

Key Concept 4.c: Political Philosophies and Political Party Ideology

The Development of The Federal Budget Reflects Competing Policy Philosophies

The Federal Budget

Taxes

Searching For Solutions

Review Multiple-Choice Questions

Review Free-Response Questions

5 Political Participation (Unit 5)

Big Ideas: Civic Participation in a Representative Democracy, Competing Policy-Making Interests, Methods of Political Analysis

Questions Students Must Answer

Key Terms Students Must Know

Required Supreme Court Case Students Must Know

Key Concept 5.a: Voting

Political Participation

Quick Review of The Constitutional and Legal Basis of Suffrage

Key Concept 5.b: Linkage Institutions

Political Parties

How Political Parties are Organized

Interest Groups

Key Concept 5.c: Elections as Linkage

Federal Election Laws

Key Concept 5.d: The Media as Linkage

Review Multiple-Choice Questions

Review Free-Response Questions

Practice Test 1

Section 1: Multiple-Choice Questions

Section 2: Free-Response Questions

Answer Key

Answers Explained

Practice Test 2

Section 1: Multiple-Choice Questions

Section 2: Free-Response Questions

Answer Key

Answers Explained

Glossary

Appendix

Required Unit 1 Foundational Documents

Required Supreme Court Cases

Index