Index

Abacus 258

Abbott, Edwin 228

Abel, Niels 149, 152, 179, 180, 184

Abstract algebra 187-99

Abstract groups 192

Adam, Douglas 267

Alberti, Leone Battista 161

Algebra 54-68, 187-99

Algebras 195

Algebraic symbolism 64

Algoriths 262

Al-Khwarizmi 46, 60

Al-Kindi 46

Almagest 73, 75

Analyst, a Discourse Addressed to an Infidel Mathematician, The 117

Analytical Mechanics 227

Analytical Theory of Heat, The 150

A Plea for the Mathematician 225

Appollonius 22, 34, 83

Arabian mathematics 6, 47, 75, 175

Arbuthnot, John 252

Archimedean spiral 87

Archimedes 22, 30-32, 34, 83

Argand, Jean-Robert 141, 219

Aristarchus 71

Arithmetic Logarithmica 79

Arithmetic 40-53

Arithmetica 98

Arnold, Vladimir 269

Ars Conjectandi 251

Ars Magna 63

Art 161

Aryabhata 44

Astronomy 72

Atomic bomb 259

Babbage, Charles 258

Babylonian mathematics 6, 13-15, 21, 30, 175, 176

Barlow, William 182

Barrow, Isaac 114

Base ten logarithms 78

Belbruno, Edward 277

Beltrami, Eugenio 223

Berkeley, Bishop George 117, 149

Bernoulli, Daniel 153

Bernoulli family 88

Bernoulli, Jacob 251-3

Bernoulli, Johann 142, 150

Bessel, Friedrich 144, 167

Bessel functions 153

Bessel’s equation 153

Bhaskara 44, 45, 50

Bhaskaracharya 74

Binary numbers 229

Biology 276

Bolyai, Janos 168

Bolyai, Wolfgang 167

Bolzano, Bernard 149, 152, 157

Bombelli, Rafael 139, 140

Boolean algebra 197

Boole, George 197, 262

Borcherds, Richard 197

Brahe, Tycho 111

Brahmagupta 44

Bravais, Auguste 183

Briggs, Henry 78

Brunelleschi, Filippo 161

Burgi, Jobst 79

Burrough, Peter 276

Byron, Lord 260

Calculus 106-122, 148-158

Calculus of Extension, The 221

Canon Mathematicus 75

Cantor, Georg 236-8, 245, 254

Cardano, Girolamo 62-5, 139, 175, 179, 250

Carroll, Lewis 243

Cartesian coordinates 86

Cartwright, Mary Lucy 269, 271

Cauchy, Augustin-Louis 144, 146, 152, 157, 203

Cauchy-Riemann equations 146

Cauchy’s theorem 144, 146

Cayley, Arthur 192, 193, 223, 236

CDs 199

Cellular automaton 275

Chandas Shastra 251

Chaos theory 266-78

Chinese mathematics 49

Chou, Hui-Hsien 276

Christoffel, Elwin Bruno 223

Chuquet, Nicolas 67

Classes 235

Classification Theorem for Surfaces 209

Clay Institute 214

Closed universe 170

Cogitata Physica-Mathematica 96

Cohen, Paul 241

Colmar, Thomas de 259

Combinations 250

Complex analysis 141

Complex numbers 137-47

Complex systems 273-6

Comptes Rendus de l’Academie Francaise 146

Computational mathematics 257-65

Computers 258

Conic sections 34

Continuous functions 151

Conway, John 197

Coordinates 82-91, 227

Copernicus, Nicholas 110, 111, 122, 238

Cotes, Roger 143

Cowan, George 273

Coxeter, Harold Scott MacDonald 192

Coxeter diagrams 192

Craig, James 77

Crick, Francis 215, 275

Cubic equations 60, 138

Cuneiform numerals 21

D’Alembert 125, 126

Dedekind, Richard 193, 194, 232-4

Del Ferro 175

Della Pittura 161

Der Census Räumlicher Complexe 206

Desargues, Girard 163

Desargues’s Theorem 163

Descartes-Euler Formula 203

Descartes, Rene 66, 67, 84-7, 114, 140, 202, 218, 221

De Triangulis 75

Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief Systems of the World 114, 238

Die Grundgesetze der Arithmetik 236

Die Grundlagen der Arithmetik 236

Differential equations 120, 123-36

Differential geometry 222

Diophantus 50, 64, 93, 96

Dirichlet, Peter 149, 151

Discours de la Méthode 84

Discourses and Mathematical Demonstrations Concerning the Two New Sciences 113

Disquisitions Arithmeticae 99

DNA 202, 215

Dodgson, Charles Lutwidge 243

DVDs 199

Dyck, Walther van 193

Dynkin diagrams 192

Dynkin, Eugene 192

e 79

Eddin, Nasîr 75

Edgeworth, Ysidor 255

Egyptian mathematics 15-17

Einstein, Albert 169, 195, 213, 222, 223, 227, 242, 244

Electromagnetic Theory 221

Electromagnetism 127

Elements of Vector Analysis 221

Elements, The 25-9, 94, 218

Ellipses 33

Engel, Friedrich 191

Equations 56, 175

Eratosthenes 35

Erlangen Programme 169

Escher, Maurits 169

Euclid 22, 25-9, 37, 83, 93-5, 160, 166, 169, 172, 201, 242, 243, 254, 262

Euclidean geometry 21-39, 69-81

Euclides ab Omni Naevo Vindicatus 165

Euclid’s Fifth Postulate 161

Eudoxus 22

Euler, Leonhard 93, 127, 143, 150, 155-7, 202, 204, 205, 207, 260

Faraday, Michael 128, 135

Fedorov, Evgraf 182

Fermat, Pierre de 83, 97, 114, 140, 250

Fermat’s Last Theorem 93, 102, 177, 188, 194, 196-8, 241

Fermat’s Little Theorem 97

Ferrari 175

Fibonacci 47

Fibonacci Sequence 61

Fields 194

Fior 175

Fischer, Bernd 197

Flatland 228

Flat universe 170

Fluid dynamics 131

Four-dimensional space 217

Fourier analysis 148-58

Fourier, Joseph 129, 149-51, 182, 232

Fowler, David 29

Frege, Gottlob 235, 245

Frey, Gerhard 196, 198

Functions 87

Fundamental Theorem of Algebra 206

Furtwängler, Philipp 245

Galileo, Galilei 107, 113, 122, 238-41

Galois, Evaristel, 174, 180-5, 190, 193, 196, 197, 199

Galton, Francis 252, 255

Games of chance 249

Gauss, Carl Friedrich 93, 141, 144-6, 166-8, 170, 177, 178, 193, 206, 212, 219, 222

Gaussian integers 193

Gaussian numbers 193

Gell-Mann, Murray 274

General relativity 169, 170

General Theory of Equations 178

Geology 276

Geometry 21-39, 69-81, 159-72, 200-215, 216-29

Germain, Marie-Sophie 103

Gibbs, Josiah Willard 221

Global positioning system 18

Gödel, Kurt 244-6

Gödel’s incompleteness theorem 244-7

Godfrey, Thomas 90

Goldbach, Christian 97

Golden mean 28

Gordan, Paul 242

Gorenstein, Daniel 196

GPS 18

Grassmann, Hermann Günther 220

Gravity 128

Grebogi, Celso 277

Greek numerals 41

Greek mathematics 22-37, 41, 62, 83, 175

Griess, Robert 197

Group theory 173-86

Grundlagen der Geometrie 243

Hadley, John 90

Hamiltonian 134

Hamilton, Richard 213

Hamilton, William Rowan 134, 219

Hamming, Richard 230

Harrison, John 90

Heat 129

Heaviside, Oliver 221

Heiberg 31

Helmholtz, Hermann von 223

Hermes, J. 103

Hertz, Heinrich 135

High-dimensional geometry 216-29

Hilbert, David 242, 245

Hilbert Problems 242-5

Hindu mathematics 43-6

Hipparchus 72, 109

Hippasus 24

Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy, The 267

Hölder, Otto 184

Huntingdon, Edward 193

Hypatia 37

Hyperbolas 34

Hypothesis testing 256

Imaginary numbers 137-47

Incompleteness theorem 244-7

Indian numerals 43

Infinity 149-57, 207

Integers 138

Introduction to Mathematical Philosophy 245

Introduction to Plane and Solid Loci 83

Irrational numbers 24

Jordon, Camille 182-4

Jordon-Hölder Theorem184

Jupiter table 14

Kant, Immanuel 167, 169, 225

Karaji, Al 251

Kauffman, Stuart 276

Kepler, Johannes 7, 107, 110, 112, 113, 122, 132

Kepler’s Laws of Planetary Motion 112

Khayyám, Omar 62, 63, 175, 251

Killing, Wilhelm 191, 195

King, Augusta Ada 259, 260

Klein bottle 209

Klein, Felix 169, 188-90, 192, 198, 209

Kline, Morris 6

Klugel, Georg 166, 169

Kolmogorov, Andrei 254

Königsberg Bridges puzzle 202

Kovalevskaya, Sofia Vasilyevna 133

Kummer, Ernst Eduard 194

Kutta, Martin 260

Lacaille, Abbe Nicolas Louis de 81

La Géometrie 84

Lagrange, Joseph-Louis 93, 133, 134, 177, 182, 227

Lagrangian 134

L’Algebra 139

Lambert, Johann Heinrich 30, 166, 167

Lame, Gabriel 194

Laplace’s equation 130

Lasers 153

Laskar, Jaques 262

Law of Large Numbers 253

Laws of Thought, The 197, 262

Lebesgue, Henri 194, 254

Lebesgue measure 254

Lectures on Lineal Extension 221

Legendre, Adrien-Marie 164

Leibniz, Wilhelm Gottfried 107, 118-120, 124, 142, 143, 202, 258

Lejeune-Dirichlet, Peter 194

Leonardo of Pisa 47, 61

Levi-Civita, Tullio 223

Liber Abbaci 61

Lie groups 190-2

Lie, Sophus 188-192, 195

Limits 152

Listing, Johann 206

Li, Tien-Yien 269

Littlewood, John 269

Lobachevsky, Nikolai Ivanovich 167

Logarithmorum Canonis Constructio 78

Logarithmorum Chilias Prima 78

Logarithms 76-80

Logic 231-47

Longitude 90

Lorenz, Edward 269

Luminet, Jean Pierre 171

Maclaurin, Colin 128

Mahavira 44

Mandelbrot, Benoir 272

Marconi, Guglielmo 135

Mathematics of Plato’s Academy, The 29

Mathematical Reviews 9

Mathematical Syntaxis 73

Matrix algebra 223

Maxwell, James Clark 128, 135, 221

Maxwell’s equations 135

Mayan numerals 51

Meinhardt, Hans 276

Mengenlehre 238

Meré, Chevalier de 250

Mersenne primes 96

Mesopotamian symbols 10

Method of Fluxions 107

Method of Fluxions and Infinite Series 117

Method of Mechanical Theorems 32

Millennium Mathematics Problems 214

Minkowski, Hermann 224

Minkowski space-time 224

Mirimanoff, Dimitri 194

Möbius, Augustus 206

Möbius band 206

Möbius transformations 169

Moivre, Abraham de 253

Monstrous Moonshine Conjecture 197

Moore, Eliakim 193

Morgan, Augustus de 28

Muller, Johannes 75

Multidimensional space 225

Music 127

Mysterium Cosmographicum 110

Napier, John 76

Napierian logarithms 77

Napier’s Rods 76

Natural irrationalities, theorem on 179

Navier-Stokes equations 264, 270, 271

Negative numbers 49

Neumann, John von 275

New Logarithmes 79

Newton, Isaac 7, 67, 76, 90, 107, 116-18, 120, 122, 124, 128, 132, 136, 140, 154, 254, 259, 261, 267

Noether, Emmy Amalie 195

Noether’s Theorem 195

Non-Euclidean geometry 159-72, 200-215

Nonlinear dynamics 266-77

Notions sur la Machine Analytique de Charles Babbage 260

Numbers 8-19, 40-53

Number theory 92-105

Numerals 8-19, 40-53

Numerical analysis 257-65

Odhner, Willgodt T. 259

On Plane Loci 83

On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres 110

On the Sizes and Distances of the Sun and the Moon 71

On the Sphere and the Cylinder 30

Open universe 170

Ott, Edward 277

Pacioli 250

Parabolas 34

Pascal 251, 258

Pascal’s triangle 251

Pearson, Karl 256

Peono, Giuseppe 234, 236

Perelman, Grigori 213

Peuerbach, George 75

Phidias 71

pi 30, 32

Plane trigonometry 77

Planetary motion 112

Playfair, John 164

Plea for the Mathematician, A 225

Plücker, Julius 188, 220

Poincaré, Jules Henri 174, 210-14, 246, 269, 270, 274

Pol, Balthazar van der 268

Polyhedrons 202

Portsmouth Papers 107

Power series 155

Primes 93-7

Principia Mathematica 107

Probability 248-56

Probability theory 251

Prosthapheiresis 77

Pythagorean triples 96

Ptolemy 73, 109-111

Ptolemy’s Theorem 73

Pythagoras 22, 24

Pythagoras’s Theorem 22, 26, 83, 96, 155, 224

Quaternions 219

Quetelet, Adolphe 255

Recorde, Robert 68

Reed, Irving 199

Reed-Solomon codes 199

Reggia, James 276

Regiomontanus 75

Regular polyhedra 27

Rhabdologia 78

Rhaeticus, George Joachim 75

Ribet, Kenneth 198

Ricci-Curbastro, Gregorio 213, 223

Ricci tensor 213

Richardson, Lewis Fry 273

Richelot, F.J. 103

Riemann 156, 189, 207, 222, 246

Riemann Hypothesis 156

Rings 194

Roman numerals 41

RSA code 104

Ruelle, David 270

Ruffini, Paolo 178, 180

Runge, Carl 260

Runge-Kutta methods 260-1

Russell, Bertrand 236, 237, 245

Russell’s paradox 237

Saccheri, Gerolamo 165, 166

Salmon, George 223

Satnav 18

Schlick, Moritz 245

Schmandt-Besserat, Denise 10

Schönflies, Arthur 182

Science and Hypothesis 210

Science and Method 210

Sets 235

Sharkovskii, Oleksandr 269

Sharkovskii’s Theorem 269

Sierpinski, Waclaw 272

Smale, Stephen 269

Snoflake curve 272

Solomon, Gustave 199

Speidell, John 79

Statistics 248-56

Staudt, Karl von 206

Stetigkeit und Irrationale Zahlen 232

Stevin, Simon 48, 49

Stokes, George Gabriel 132

Summerian numerals 12

Sylvester, James Joseph 225

Syllogism 243

Symbolic Logic 243

Symmetry 173-86

Symmetry of a quadratic 176

Takens, Floris 270

Tally marks 10, 12

Taniyama-Shimura conjecture 196

Taniyama-Weil conjecture 197

Tartaglia 62, 139, 175, 250

Taylor, Richard 196

Tentamen Juventum Studiosam in Elementa Matheseos 168

Theorie Analytique de la Chaleur 130

Thurston, William 211

Time Machine, The 217

Topology 200-215

Traité de Substitutions et des Équations Algébriques 182

Transformationsgruppen 191

Triangles 69-81

Treatise on the Quadrilateral 75

Trigonometry 69-81

Turing, Alan 185, 246

Über formal unentscheidbare Sätze der Principia Mathematica und verwandter Systeme 245

Universe, shape of 171

Value of Science, The 210

Varahamihira 74

Vieta 66-8

Vorstudien zur Topologie 206

Wallis, John 140, 219

Walther, Bernard 75

Wantzel, Pierre 178

Was Sind und was Sollen die Zahlen? 232

Watson, James 215, 275

Wave equations 126

Weierstrass 149, 155, 157

Weil, André 198

Wells, Herbert George 217

Wessel, Caspar 141

Whetstone of Witte, The 66

Whitehead, Alfred North 237

Wiles, Andrew 7, 196

Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe 171

Wisdom, Jack 262

Yorke, James 269, 277

Zermelo, Ernst 245

Zuse, Konrad 275