acceptable dishonesty 120, 121
access economy: introduction 401–403; barriers to 405–406;
financial instruments and 409–410; financial ownership 404–405;
precedents to 406–407;see also credit unions; see also sharing economy
acquisition: centrality 23; as mindset 110
administration of cocreation platforms 433–434, 437, 438–439
adolescence, extended 411
advertising: anthropomorphism and 86, 90;
deceptive 107; digital 511–513; information processing 232–233; materialism and 25–26; media of 233–234; problem-solving 104
affect: brand attitudes and 245–247, 250–251;
goals and 179; procedure selection and 112;
affordances, of social media 365–366
agency, luxury consumption and 388
Airbnb 404
algorithms 516
alliteration 267
anonymity 371
anthropomorphism: overview 82–83; best
practices 92; brand attitudes and 229, 236;
consumer responses to 86–90; individual traits and response to 90–92; reasons for 83–84; through product design 84–86
appropriation of cocreation space 437–438
Arizona State Credit Union 416
arousal 269
articulation, inward and outward 281–285
Asian markets, luxury consumption 386–387
attention: design and 305; fluency 305–306;
location on screen 234, 309–310; patterns of 306; self-focused 112–113, 310–311; visual salience 308–309
attitudes: brands 227–234, 236; luxury
consumption 385; reasoned action 168;
temporal perspectives 235;see also brand attitudes
audiences 364
autonomy: cognitive growth and 50;
shopping as 51
behavior and brand attitudes 248–250, 252–253
beliefs: brands and 230–231; retail therapy and 47–51;see also personal values
belonging: class and 450–451; materialism and 27–28; the self and 140–141
bicultural consumers 477–478, 481
big data 522
bilingualism 271
biometric devices 208–209, 213–214
bloggers, lies and 122
bolstering 110
Bradford Exchange 497
brands: anthropomorphism in 82; attitudes and context 236; characteristics of 228–230; children and 233; context of 236; culture and 478, 479–480; as expression of feelings 44; extensions 480–481; global and local 480–481; human 497–498; Ideal Brand Pyramid 11–12; as ideological symbols 497; information and 232–234; loyalty to 14, 87–88; luxury attributes 384; negative valence 234–235; as partners/servants 87; place and 499–501; subversion of rituals 501; temporal perspectives 235;see also brand attitudes; see also brand names
brand attitudes: access to marketplaces 461–462; affective influences on 245–247; behavioral influences on 248–250; brand characteristics and 228–230; cognitive influences on 243–245; consumer characteristics and 230–232; future research 228–234, 253–256; influence on affect, cognition and behavior 250–253; information processing and 232–234; introduction to 227–228
Brand Luxury Index (BLI) 385
brand names: brand attitudes and 230; introduction to 276–277; language and 270–271; mouth movements 279–281; oral approach-avoidance 281–285; psychological principles of 285; sound symbolism 278–279; word complexity 277–278;see also marketing language
British Royal Family Brand 491–494, 497–502
bundled packaging 86
Burning Man 424
car grilles, human-like features 84–85, 86–87
categorization: retail therapy and 48; on shopping sites 319–320
Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge 492, 493, 498
central gaze cascade effect 309–310
children: consumer research and 346–347; data collection equivalence 355–356; internationally comparable research 350–352; materialism and 461–462; methodological challenges 356–358; personal values and 356–357; research approval 347–350; sampling equivalence 352–355; study materials and 357–358
China, luxury consumption 387
cluster analysis of luxury consumers 386
Coca Cola 15
cocreation: appropriation and response 437;
communities and 367, 368–369; findings 427–434; Ideal Brand Pyramid 11;
opportunities and challenges 422–424; research methods 426–427;
rituals and 496; rules and purpose of platform 434–437; the self and 370; of sub-rituals 494–495; theoretical foundations 424–426; conclusions 438–439
codes of conduct 350
cognition: brand attitudes and 243–245, 250–251; dissonance 248–249, 250; shopping motives 41–42, 47–51, 54–55; size perceptions 75–78
collaboration: credit unions 409–410; between organizations and communities 422–424, 438–439
collaborative consumption 401–404
collective financing products 412–414
collectivism 474
color blocking 310
communications, social media and 363–366
communities: appropriation of platforms 437;
cocreation 423–424; engagement of 428–429;
comparative judgements 108–109, 111–112, 254–255
comparisons, websites and 201–202
compensatory consumption 26–27, 30, 42, 48–49, 55, 390–391
competing goals 177
competition: cultural capital and 433–434; in shopping 46–47
concealment 121
conflict: between values 172; between goals 175–176, 177
consideration 306
conspicuous consumption 22
constructed brand attitudes 253–254
consumer behavior: historical study of 3–8; post WWII study of 8–9; current and future study of 9–12; science of 518; scope 6
consumer deception see lying
consumer-product relationships 87–88, 89
consumer-to-marketer deception 119–121
control: anthropomorphism and 83, 91; brand attitudes and 230–231; retail therapy and 40, 48–49; social media and 364
counterarguing 110
counterfactual thinking 110
credit unions:collaboration between 415–418; conclusions 419–420; current findings 409–410; family and 405–406; history 402–403; managerial implications 418–419; research methods 407–409; trends 411–415
cross-cultural consumer research: 1990s–2000s 473–476; 2000s-2010s 476–480; 2010s–current 480–482; future of 482–485
cross-modal sensory interactions 268–269
crowds 45
crowdsourcing: crowdfunding 413–415; LEGO Ideas platform 426–427
Cudworth, Ralph 22
culturally diverse families, gender and power 336–338
culture: branding and 230; choice and 14; climate and 15–18; competence and power 336–338; cross-cultural research 1990s–2000s 473–476; cross-cultural research 2000s–2010s 476–480; cross-cultural research 2010s^#x2013;current 480–482; cross-cultural research futures 482–485; diverse families 336–338; materialism and 26; mindsets and 111;see also rituals
data: big data 522; collection 355–356; design 522–525; harmonization 351–352; marketing 513–514; need for better 516; personal data 213–218, 373
death rates 38
deception see lying
deception detection 119, 125–126
decision-making: contemporary research 336–341; culture and 482; digital 172; early research 331–335; future research 341–342
declarative knowledge 99, 102–107
democratization of luxury consumption 383–384
DePaulo, Bella M. 119
de-shopping 120
design: complexity 315; packaging size perceptions 73, 74; retail cues 293;see also visual design
desire: health risk and 75; recurrence rates 182–185
diagnosticity across cultures 474–476
dialectical thinking 482
Diamond, Jared 15
Diana, Princess of Wales 495, 498
dispositional mindsets 110–111
economic environment, materialism and 25, 26
economic status: class and 446, 456–457; international comparisons 350; materialism and 25, 26; poverty 459–467;see also poverty
education: academic programs 8–11; class mobility and 450; co-funding 413;international comparisons 350–351
Egypt (Ancient), food 4
elderly citizens 38
elicited agent knowledge 83
Elizabeth II, Queen: 90th birthday 492, 498, 500–501; Diamond Jubillee 492, 499–501
embeddedness of social media 372–373
embodiment 455
emotions: conflict of 74–75; culture and 484; language and 270; lies and 120; poverty and 460–461, 464–465, 467; public outpourings of 495; regulation of 42–44, 55;see also affect
empowerment 449
entertainment, shopping as 50
environmental issues 29
escape theory 31
escapism 48
estimations: bounds 72; dimensionality 67–70; of portion size 65–67
ethics approval process 347–348
ethnicity matching 90
evaluation: models of 244–245; pleasure derived from 21, 46; of products 86–87, 178, 480
evaluative conditioning 245–246
evoked sets 14
exercise, shopping as 43
expectancy-value models 243–244
expectations 270
experiences 483
explanations 266
explicit brand attitudes 255–256
extended-self 148
faces, in nonhuman objects 86–87
faces in nonhuman objects 84–85
false information 121
family: class and 451–452; financial markets and 405–406, 418–419; materialism and 24–25
family decision-making: contemporary research 336–341; early research 331–335; future research 341–342
fatherhood: class and 451–452; gender dynamics and 338–341
feedback 176
female stereotyping 149
field experimentation 513
filtering on shopping sites 319–320
finance: access economy and 402–403; class and 450; decisions and 482; family and 405–406
financial gain and lying 120, 121–122
financial instruments: credit unions 409–410, 416–418; crowdfunding 413–415
first degree price discrimination (FDPD) 196–198
food: brand names and palatability 283; climate and 15–16; quality/quantity judgements 65; study of consumption 3–5
Galbraith, J.K. 7
gender: class and 451–452; in culturally-diverse families 336–338; family decision-making 331–333; gender justice 155–156; language and 270–271, 280; myths 333–335; representations 149–150; the self and 141–142, 147–150; in structurally diverse families 338–340
Girls Intelligence Agency 122
global processing 110
goals: affective feedback and 179; as attractors 181–185; competition between 177; culture and 478; depletion effect and 180–181; goal-directed behavior 109–111; monitoring and feedback 176; multifinality and 179–180; retail therapy and 50; rituals and 489; shielding 177–178; static and dynamic 186; switching 178–179;see also goals, multiple
goals, multiple: introduction 175–176; bottom-up goal dynamics 181–184; conclusions 181–184; consequences of conflict between goals 180–181; top-down dynamics 176–177
Goffman, Erving 149
Greece (Ancient), food 4
growth motive 42, 44–47, 49–51, 54–55
habitus 446, 448–449, 450, 453, 454–456
halo effect 251
happiness: as bankable option 55; culture and 484; judgements and 111–112; materialism 23, 30
health: labelling 73–74; risk 75
Holbrook, M. B. 165
homes and homelessness 135, 454, 460–461
horizontally-oriented cultures 476–477, 478–480
Horowitz, Daniel 7
Howard–Sheth Theory of Buyer Behavior 14
iconic elements of rituals 493–494
idealism 22
identity: materialism and 26–28, 31; motives 22, 24–25, 122; religion and 139, 141; threats to 483–484
illicit transactions 461–462, 463–464, 466
images: image-based narratives 100–101, 103–106; information processing 312–313; position on labels 73, 74, 321–322;see also visual information
implicit association test (IAT) 272
implicit brand attitudes 255–256
impulse-buying 477
inclusive practice 438
income 382–383, 384; see also poverty
inconspicuous consumption 390
Individual Differences in Anthropomorphism Questionnaire (IDAQ) 91
information: ecology 514–515; future marketing needs 515–518; marketing technology 509–514; seeking 46
information integration theory 244, 245
information processing: brand attitudes and 232–233; culture and 475–476, 478; online shopping and 311–315; retail cues 300
innovation culture 18
insecurity 26
institutionalization and cocreation communities 423–424, 425, 432–433
instrumental motives 122
intensity of language 266
interfaces 439
international public policy research: children and 346–347; data collection equivalence 355–356; internationally comparable research 350–352; methodological challenges 356–358; research approval 347–350; sampling equivalence 352–355
intersectionality 153–155, 451–452, 454
intrusions in narrative constructions 106
involvement 269
Kahneman, D. 106
Kaplan, Max 6
key performance indicators 517, 521–522
Kira, Alexander 7
language see brand names; marketing language
LEGO Ideas: appropriation and response 437; cocreation and 422–424; practices 427–434; research methods 426–427; rules and purpose of platform 434–437; conclusions 438–439
Lewis, O., Five families 7
life cycle, values and 171
life satisfaction 28
List of Values (LOV) 166–167, 170–171
lists 103
literacy 135
local processing 110
Loftus, E. F. 106
luxury consumption: introduction 5, 380–381; agency and 388; compensatory consumption 390–391; counterfeit goods 390; in democratized marketplace 383–384; future research 392–393; global studies 391–392; inconspicuous consumption 390; over time 381–383; segmentation 384–388; social status 388–391
lying: introduction 118–119; behavior 119; challenges of studying 122–124; consequences of 120; consumer to consumer 121–122; consumer to marketers 119–121; justifications for 120; manipulations 123–124; motivations 122–123; by omission 121; relationships and 124–125; social influences and 125–126; future directions 124–126
makeup 141
marginalized identities 153–155
Market Research Society (MRS) 350
marketing: future requirements 515–518;
information ecosystem 514–515;rituals and 490; technology 509–514
marketing language: bilingualism 271; contextual factors and 269–270; cross-modal sensory interactions 268–269; devices 263–268; future research and 272;
personality traits and 270–271;see also brand names
marketing technology: optimization of 512–514; rise of 509–512
marketplaces: access to 461–462; gender and 338–341
Marx, Karl 446
masculinities: consumption and 338–341; research on 152–153; self-concept and 148
materialism: introduction 21; antecedents 24–28; anthropomorphized products 87; class and 449–450; conceptualizations 22–24; consequences 28–30, 31; critiques and further research 28–30; impoverished children 461–462
McClelland, D.C. 7
meaning: consumption and 134; sense of 27, 41–42; through rejected choices 135
media: class and 449–450; materialism and 25–26; richness of 366
mental representations: conceptualizations 100–102; declarative knowledge 102–107; procedural knowledge 107–113
merchandise 295
mimicry 88
mindsets 109
mobile devices: advertising and 234; data and 517; impact on pricing 204–205; social media 366
mobility of social class 450, 452–454
monitoring goals 176
mood: brand attitudes 246; repair 42; retail therapy and 39, 40
mortgages 416
motivations: affective-growth motives 44–47; affective-preservation motives 42–44; attitude behaviors and 252–253; brand attitudes 252–253; cognitive-growth motives 49–51; cognitive-preservation motives 47–49; for luxury consumption 384–388; materialism and 29–30; to self-quantify 214–216, 220; for shopping 39; therapeutic utility and 40–42
mouth movements and brand names 279–281
multi-channel shopping 56
music 233
Name-Your-Own-Price (NYOP) 200
narratives: overview 99–101; effects of 111–113; effects on memory 102; gender 333–335; mental representation of procedural knowledge 107–111; role as declarative knowledge 102–107; self-regulation and 216
networks: cocreation and 430; social media 364–365, 368
non-choice 135
non-compliance 124
non-traditional families: credit unions and 411–412; gender and power dynamics 336–341; sharing economy and 405–406
non-visual senses 78
Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan (NAHSIT) 38–39
nutrition information 482
obfuscation 202
olio methodology 7
ongoing search 46
online behaviour 172
online shopping: consumer attention 305–311; ease of processing assortments 312–315; future research 323–324; packaging 321–323; processing of assortments 311–313; size of assortments 316–321; visual design and 304–305
onomatopoeia 279
oral approach-avoidance 281–285
organizational structure of shopping sites 316–317
ownership 404–405, 406–407, 411
packaging: anthropomorphic design 86; dimensionality 69–70; location of images 73, 74, 321–322; shape 322
Palmer, J. 106
parental consent 348–349, 354–355
parenting styles 25
participative pricing mechanisms 199–200
participatory practice 438
particles, linguistic 268
passive methods in market research 517
Pay-What-You-Want (PWYW) 200–201
peers 25
peer-to-peer models 401–403, 409, 419
perceptual fluency 87
permanence 366
personal values 351–352, 356–357, 385
personality traits: of brands 228–230, 478; of consumers 230–232; marketing language and 270–271; materialism and 22–23, 87; self-regulation 211; therapeutic utility and 54
personalized advertising 234, 511–512
perspectives 105
pet owners 91
Piagetian theory 168
placebo effect 251
plate size 78
portion sizes 65–67, 70, 72–73, 74, 75, 182
poverty: introduction 459–460; access to marketplaces 461–462; across nations 464–465; emotional reactions to 460–461, 464–465, 467; integrity and 465–466; rebelling against 462–464, 468; conclusions 466–467
power: anthropomorphized objects 89, 91–92; in culturally-diverse families 336–338; in family decision-making 331–333; materialism and 27, 30; retail therapy and 43, 45, 47; social class and 446
practices: development of cocreation 427–434, 438–439; institutionalization 425–426
predictive modeling 523
preservation motive 42–44, 47–49, 54–55
prevention focus 54–55, 111, 478
pricing: in the digital age 193–194; consumer value 194–195; dynamic pricing 198–199; impact of mobile devices 204–205; Name-Your-Own-Price (NYOP) 200; odd pricing 202–203; participative pricing mechanisms 199–200; Pay-What-You-Want (PWYW) 200–201; price comparisons 201–202, 298–299; price discrimination 196–198; price knowledge 204; price punishment 120; price-quality relationship 203; reference prices 203–204; retail cues and 295–298; size changes and 68–69; size perceptions 78–79; willingness-to-pay (WTP) 194–196
prison populations 462, 463–464, 465–466
privacy: advertising and 511–512; climate and 17–18; lying and 121; social media 373
problem-solving advertisements 104
procedural knowledge 99, 107–113
product evaluation: anthropomorphism 86–87; culture and 480; goals and 178
product image positioning 73, 74
promotion focus 54–55, 111, 478
psychology: cross-cultural 474; culture and threats 483–484; materialism and 26–28, 31; retail therapy and 40
public shaming 218
publics on social media 367–368
purchasing: as social activity 46; therapeutic utility 42, 43–44, 48–49, 51; window-shopping and 54
quality and price 203
Quantified Self Movement (QS) 213–216
quantifying the self 213–216, 220
Queen’s Diamond Jubilee 495–496
reasoned action 167–168, 244–245
received brand attitudes 253–254
recommendation systems 90
reference prices 203–204, 296–297
relational self 139
relational thinking 111
repetition 267
replicability on social media 366
research methods: children and cross-national research 346–347; data collection equivalence 355–356; internationally comparable research 350–352; methodological challenges 356–358; research approval 347–350; sampling equivalence 352–355; sanctioned and unsanctioned lies 123–124
resource dependence 16
resource libraries 413
restrictions to access 461–462, 468
retail borrowing 120
retail cues: introduction to 291–292; presentation of 298–300; pricing and 295–298; store environments 292–295
retail therapy: introduction 38–39; affective-growth motives 44–47; affective-preservation motives 42–44; cognitive-growth motives 49–51; cognitive-preservation motives 47–49; current and future research 52–56; definition 39–40; framework 40–42, 52; preemptive 55; therapeutic powers of shopping 39
returning goods fraudulently 120
rhyme 267
Riesman, D. 7
rituals: introduction 489–490; brands and 496–502; commercializing 499; consumption and emotional display 495; contemporary challenges 502–503; context: monarchy 490–492; efficacy of sub-rituals 494–495; iconic elements 493–494; spectacles 495–496; subversion of 501
Rokeach Value Survey (RVS) 170
royal families: brands and 491–493, 496–502; consumption and emotional display 495; contemporary challenges 502–503; efficacy of sub-rituals 494–495; iconic elements 493–494; rituals and 490–492; spectacles 495–496
Royal Weddings 491, 492, 493, 494, 497, 498
rules of cocreation platforms 434–437
scandals 229
science of consumer behavior 518
scrolling 314
segmentation of luxury consumers 384–388
self, the: introduction 133–136; belonging and 140–141; digital 217–218; feminisms and 150–152; future gender research 141–142; gender and 147–150; gender justice and 155–156; intersectionality 153–155; marginalized identities 153–155; masculinities and 152–153; possible selves 136–137, 388; quantifying 213–216; relational self 139; self-regulation through consumption 136–140; situational self 137–138; social media and 369–371
self-actualization 167
self-discrepancy 148
self-esteem: goals and 178; materialism and 27, 462; retail therapy and 40; shopping as boost to 45; social media 370–371
self-expression 44, 46, 382–383
self-focused attention 112–113
self-improvement 46
self-organizing behavior 182–184, 185–186
self-presentation 141, 369–370
self-referencing 106
self-regulation: future of 212–219; overview of 136–140, 209–212; technology and 208–209, 212–219
sensory experiences 78, 107, 295
sexuality 154
shared ownership models 405, 407
sharing economy 125, 393–394, 401–403; see also access economy
shopping momentum 109
showrooming 205
similarity attraction 90
simulation heuristic 106
situated value identities 171–172
size perceptions: introduction 65–66; affect 74–75, 77; dimensionality 67–70; directionality 70–72; labels 72–74; underestimation 66–67; future considerations 75–79
social activity, shopping as 44–45, 46, 53
social adaptation theory 168
social capital 466
social class: introduction 445–448; habitus 454–456; luxury consumption 381–383; mobility 452–454; social and economic capitals 456–457; studies in 448–452
social exclusion 45
social influence: lies and 125–126;
self-regulation 211–212; social media 371
social media: introduction 363; brands and 234, 236; consumer behavior and 366–367; culture and 485; decision-making 172; embeddedness of 372–373; future of 372–373; luxury consumption 393; as mode of communication 363–366; platforms and privacy 373; rituals and 496; sharing personal data 216–218
social norms 168
Social Research Inc. (SRI) 8–9, 447–448
social status 388–391, 446, 456–457
social values: future research 171–172; introduction 165–166; measurement of value structure 169–171; social adaptation theory 168; theoretical background 166–167; theory of reasoned action 167–168; value chains 168–169
socialization: materialism and 24–26, 31, 32; self-regulation and 209, 211; values and 171
socioeconomic status (SES): international comparisons 350; materialism and 25, 26
sound symbolism 267–268, 270, 271, 278–279
speech: human-like features 85; production 278–285; rate of 265; synthetic 265
stealth marketing 122
stereotyping 149
stories see narratives
street parties 494
stress and retail therapy 39, 42, 43, 44
structure, need for 91
subliminal behavior 88
success, possession-defined 23, 30
supersizing 66–67, 68–69, 71–72
symbolic interactionism 388
symbolism: of clothing 5; consumption and 133–134; ideological 497; of luxury consumption 387–388
Taiwan, Nutrition and Health Survey 38–39
task completion 44
Tauber, E. M. 39
Taylor, Frank Winslow 213
technology: biotechnology 208–209; luxury consumption 393; marketing 509–514; self-regulation and 208–209, 212–219
temporal perspectives: in retail therapy 55; social media 366
terms of service 437
textual information 314, 317–319
theory of reasoned action 167–168
therapeutic utility: introduction 38–39; affective-growth motives 44–47; affective-preservation motives 42–44; cognitive-growth motives 49–51; cognitive-preservation motives 47–49; current and future research 52–56; definition 39–40; framework 40–42, 52
time/punctuality 17
touch-screen devices 234
tracking: personal data 213–214, 215–216; social media 373
transparent packaging 70
transportation: into narratives 106; poverty and 461–462
trolling 367
True North Strong Communities 413–415
trust: anthropomorphism 89–90, 91; digital interactions and 284; names and 278; sharing economy 402; social media 371–372
Tversky, A. 106
uncertainty avoidance 17
underestimation of size, size perceptions 66–67, 76
underground economy 463–464, 466
underrepresentation 154
upward mobility 453
values see personal values; see social values
Values and Lifestyle Segmentation (VALS) 169–170
variety: online processing and 313–315; seeking 51, 110
vertically oriented cultures 476–477, 478–480
video games 26
visual design: consumer attention 305–311; future research 323–324; horizontal or vertical 314; in online shopping 304–305; packaging 321–323; processing of assortments 311–315; size of assortments 312, 316–321
visual information: brand appeal and 232–233; narratives and 100–107; online shopping and 314, 317–319; retail cues 295;see also images
visual salience bias 308–309, 310–311
visualization 522
voicedness 280
voices, human-like features 85
webpages, position of brand message 234, 309–310
WEIRD societies (Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic) 464
willingness-to-pay (WTP) 194–196, 283
window-shopping: purchasing and 54; retail therapy and 42, 48, 50–51; as social activity 45; therapeutic utility of 43
word-of-mouth (WOM) 233, 371–372