Note: Page numbers in italics indicate figures and maps.
Ahearn, Thomas, 140
airline service, 2, 13, 155, 156, 180
Albany (NY): Dutch trading post in, 19
Hudson River lines to, 63, 64–65
railroads serving, 130
steamboat service to, 77
Albion, Robert: on cotton trade, 10
on interest groups, 24
on sailors, 48
on shipping activity, 40, 45, 52, 53, 109, 215n5, 221n2
Allen, John, 202
American Expeditionary Force (AEF), 153
American Federation of Labor (AFL), 173, 175
Army Corps of Engineers, US, 143–44, 147, 152, 195
Bachley, Thomas, 77
Bailey, Mary and family, 201, 202
port fees in, 126
shipping activity at, 21, 46, 176–77
Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, 113, 114, 163
Barco, Augustin, 50
barges: Erie Canal, 66, 67, 69, 109
Barry, Bridget and family, 81
pedestrian access to, 200
Bayonne Bridge, 183–85
Beam, Abraham, 187
Beard, Edward, 69
Beckert, Sven, 57
Bell, Alexander Graham, 178
Bell, Daniel, 174–75
Bell, Isaac, 45
Bentaus, Henry, 50
Black Ball Line, 40–43
building, 47
passengers on, 77, 79–82, 110, 219n33
rivals of, 44–45
schedules for, 116
ships of, 41–44, 77, 79, 80–82, 110, 115, 120, 121, 219n33
Blau, Waldron, 27
Bloomberg, Michael, 200, 204, 209–11
boarding houses, 49, 50–51, 167
Boorman, Henry, 51
British occupation of, 19
imports at, 46
packet lines of, 45
port fees in, 126
shipping activity at, 109, 110, 177
steamboat service to, 71
Boston & Albany Railroad, 112, 130
Boston and Providence Railroad, 71
Bradford, Hezekiah, 32
Brando, Marlon, 12, 170, 173, 175
Bremen (Germany), packet lines from, 79, 119
bridges, 156
Bayonne, 183–85
Bronx (NY), 75–76, 142–43, 218n22
Brooklyn (NY), 1, 75–76, 142–43, 218n22
manufacturing in, 84, 177, 178
population of, 75
waterfront expansion in, 151
Brooklyn-Battery Tunnel, 14, 207
Brown, Alexander, 56
Brown, James, 56
Brown, William, 56
Brown & Bell shipyard, 47, 117
Brown Brothers, 56–58
Brunel, Isambard Kingdom, 116
Bryant Park, 206
bulkheads: construction of, 4–5, 25, 34
master plan for, 133–34
parkland resting on, 197
public reclamation of, 131–32, 134–37
rebuilding, 129–30, 137–40, 143, 144, 147–48
regulation of, 125–26. See also piers
Bulkley family, 52–53
Burke, Danny, 99
Burke, Peter, 140
Burke, Thomas, 169
Burr, D. H., 31
Burroughs, Edwin, 83
California: container ports in, 185
gold rush in, 115
Callahan, David, 206
canals, 67, 68–70. See also Erie Canal
Carey, Fr. Philip, 171
Caribbean, shipping routes to, 8, 76, 110
Carter, Jimmy, 186–87
Casey, James, 100
Catholic Church, 12
Catholic Workers Movement, 171
census data, US: of 1790, 1, 54
Gotham Court, 100
Greenwich Village, 105, 201–4, 221n37
Irish and German residents in, 91–92, 220n9
metropolitan regional, 154
slave population in, 54–55
Central Railroad of New Jersey, 113, 114, 158–59, 163
Chalmers, Alexander, 51
packet lines to, 52–53, 54, 76
shipping activity at, 109, 110
Chelsea, 7
ethnic makeup of, 91, 92, 102, 106–8, 220n9
gentrification of, 201
water-lots in, 35–37
decline of, 176
rebuilding, 134, 146–51, 148, 149
Chicago (IL), waterway to, 10, 62, 68, 77
China, trade with, 39, 109, 185
Chinitz, Benjamin, 176
Collins, Edward, 117, 118, 119
Collins, Israel, 117
Collins, Philip, 50
Common Council, 4
Department of Docks and, 132
laws published by, 23
port control issue and, 128, 131
water-lot grants by, 27, 29, 34
Conrad, Joseph, 52
Consolidated Edison, 14–15, 33, 207–8
Consolidated Gas Company of New York, 33, 106
Constitution, US: Fifth Amendment of, 137
interstate commerce clause of, 66
container revolution, 13, 180–81, 199
bridge height for, 184
New Jersey, 12, 13, 156, 177, 183–84, 188, 199
Cooke, Bishop Terrence James, 174
Cooper, Peter, 95
Corridan, Fr. John (Pete), 12, 171, 172, 173–74, 175
Costello, John, 101
cotton, 54–58
clothing made from, 85–86
New York–Liverpool packet lines for, 9–10, 40, 43, 44, 55, 59, 61, 82, 110, 217n57, 219n33
production of, 44, 54–55, 56, 58
southern packet lines for, 9–10, 52–54, 62, 72–73
steamships carrying, 117. See also textile industry
credit system, 56–58
crime: organized, 11, 12, 167–68, 171–72, 175–76
Cronin, William, 10
Crooper, James, 42–43
Cunard, Samuel, 116–17, 119, 120
Cuomo, Andrew, 206
Cuomo, Mario, 196
Customs, US Bureau of, 109, 221n2
Daly, Elizabeth and family, 100
David, Joshua, 200
Day, Dorothy, 171
de Blasio, Bill, 206
Delancey, James, 34
Delancey, Oliver, 34
De Lancey, Peter, 27
Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Railroad, 113, 114, 159, 163
Delaware and Hudson Canal, 67, 70
Denneut, John M., 58
Department of City Planning, 194, 209–10
Department of Docks, 2, 5–6, 13, 131
budget of, 132
construction by, 102–3, 137–40, 143–51
corruption in, 141–42
employees of, 140–41
land repurchase by, 134–37, 144, 188
master plan of, 133–34
metropolitan district proposal and, 152
waterfront controlled by, 76, 106, 131–32
water-lot maps of, 26, 29. See also Department of Marine and Aviation
Department of Docks and Ferries, 157, 167
Department of Marine and Aviation, 13, 176
pier construction by, 167, 185, 197
revenue of, 177
revitalization plan of, 180. See also Department of Docks
Depau, Francis, 45
Dewey, Thomas, 175
Dickens, Charles, 97
dikes, 209
docks. See piers; wharves
dockworkers. See longshoremen
Doig, Jameson, 155
dories, 4
Drennan, Matthew, 178
Driscoll, Alfred, 175
Dunn, Johnny “Cockeye,” 169–70
Durst, Douglas, 206
Dutch settlers, 4, 19, 21, 135–36, 207, 222n8
immigrant settlements on, 91, 92, 93–102, 220n9
piers on, 17, 29–30, 121, 122–23, 128, 129–30, 143, 185
revitalization projects for, 135–36, 180
sewage in, 96
shipyards along, 30, 47, 85, 117, 193
waterway connections to, 63, 64
work and life along, 48–50, 88
Elizabeth (NJ), 156, 177, 179–80, 183–84
Embargo Act of 1808, 40
England: revolution against, 19, 39
steamship companies in, 119–21
trade with, 39–40. See also Liverpool (England); London (England)
Erie Basin, 69
barges and ships on, 66, 67, 69, 109
passenger lines on, 78
Erie Railroad, 113, 114, 158–59, 163
Fisher, James, 174
On the Irish Waterfront, 102–3, 140, 172
flood protection system, 210–11
flood zones, FEMA, 207, 208, 209
Ford, Gerald, 187
Ford, Henry, 83
France, trade with, 40. See also Le Havre (France)
Friends of Hudson River Park, 197
Friends of the High Line, 133, 200
Frost, S. A., 126
Fulton, Robert, 65
Gansevoort Market, 35
garment industry, 85–86. See also textile industry
General Theological Seminary, 35, 36, 108, 147
George III, King, 27
German immigrants, 90–91, 220n9
neighborhoods of, 91, 92, 93–94
transatlantic passage of, 79, 82–83, 90
Gibbons v. Ogden (US Supreme Court ruling), 66
Ginnetty, Joseph, 202
Glick, Deborah, 205
grain elevators, floating, 66, 69
Grand Central Terminal, 113, 114, 149, 150
Great Lakes, 63
Greene, George S., 140, 144, 146
Greenwich Village, 104
census block groups in, 201, 203
gentrification of, 201–4
immigrant settlements in, 91, 92, 102, 103–6, 220n9
land repurchase in, 135, 136, 144, 145
pier building in, 144–46, 147, 180
population of, 204
sanitary districts in, 103, 105
Griesa, Thomas P., 195
grocery stores, 98
Guardian Angel Catholic Church, 108, 169, 172, 173, 175
Haight, John, 49
Hall, Charles, 32
Hall, Henry, 32
Hammond, David, 200
harbormasters, 127
Higgins, A. Foster, 142
High Line Park, 166, 199–200, 201
Hoboken (NJ), 130, 146, 151, 157–58
Holland, Henry, 27
Holland-America Line, 180, 197
housing: Battery Park City, 192–93
Chelsea, 107–8
Gotham Court, 97–102
Greenwich Village, 103–4, 201, 204
Hudson River Park, 198–99
London Terrace, 108
Pier 40 area, 205
Stuyvesant Town, 14, 33–34, 208
tenement, 30, 89, 91, 97, 169. See also neighborhoods
development along, 102–3
Erie Canal and, 68–70
freight crossing, 157–63, 165–66
immigrant settlements on, 91, 92, 102–8, 220n9
land repurchase along, 135, 136, 145
revitalization projects for, 180
sewage in, 96
shipping lines up, 64–68
steamboats on, 78
tunnels under, 153, 155, 156, 164–65, 200
water-lots on, 5, 6, 25–26, 34–37, 190–94, 214n30
waterway connections to, 8, 10, 62, 63, 64
Westway proposal for, 14, 195–96, 206. See also Chelsea; Greenwich Village
Hudson River Park, 196–99, 203
Battery Park and, 193
High Line and, 200
island park connection to, 205–6
pedestrian walkway of, 137
Hudson River Park Trust, 133, 196–97, 205
Chelsea, 36–37, 106, 146–51, 176, 224n29
Greenwich Village, 144–46
length of, 121, 140, 143, 144–51, 152, 224n29
master plan for, 134
study of, 129
Hudson River Railroad, 112, 160, 161
Hunt, Robert, 77
protection from, 210–11
immigration, 87, 89–93, 104, 106, 220n9, 221n37
chain, 91
labor supply from, 177
nativist restrictions on, 93
transatlantic, 17–18, 77–83, 90, 110, 218nn30, 33. See also German immigrants; Irish immigrants
Industrial Revolution, 40
English, 9, 39, 44, 58–61, 83, 216n45
steam power in, 115
wealth created by, 72
infant mortality, 98
International Longshoremen’s Association (ILA), 6, 108
corruption in, 11, 12, 171, 172, 173–74, 175
Joe Ryan and, 169–70
metropolitan district and, 152–53
Waterfront Commission and, 175–76. See also longshoremen
Interstate Commerce Commission, US (ICC), 152, 159
interstate highway system, 13, 179
interstate metropolitan district, 152–53
Irish immigrants, 90–91
neighborhoods of, 11–12, 37, 91, 92, 93–108, 201–2, 203
Newport (RI), 72
number of, 104, 106, 220n9, 221n37
stereotypes of, 101
transatlantic passage of, 79–80, 81–83, 90
gentrification of, 201–4
neighborhoods of, 12, 19, 93–108. See also Chelsea; Greenwich Village
iron works, 68
Colwell, 106
Jacobs, Jane, 201
James II, King, 27
Jansen, William, 74
Jay, Peter, 27
Jersey City (NJ): ferries to, 36, 74
shipping relocation to, 130, 146, 151
Jesuit priests, 12, 108, 171, 172, 174
Johnson, Malcolm, 12, 170, 171–72, 173
Johnson, Walter, 55
Kazan, Elia, 12, 170, 172, 226n25
Kearney, Patrick, 50
Kefauver, Estes, 173
Kennedy, James, 140
Kerriochan, Hugh and family, 202
Kleindeutschland (Little Germany), 91, 92, 94
labor force: Catholic Workers Movement for, 171
container revolution and, 13, 180–81, 199
day-labor system for, 11, 13, 87–89, 93, 168–69
social reform of, 173–77
Tammany Hall and, 139–41, 167. See also International Longshoremen’s Association (ILA); longshoremen
Lawlor, Owney, 169
Lazarus, Emma, 110
Leary, George, 141
Le Havre (France): packet lines serving, 8, 40, 45–46, 53, 76, 215n16
transatlantic passengers from, 79, 110
Lehigh Valley Railroad, 113, 114, 158–59, 163
Lindsay, John, 181
Liverpool (England), 109
cotton shipments to, 53–54, 55, 56–61, 110, 219n33
maritime infrastructure at, 59–60, 69, 127
packet lines serving, 8, 9–10, 17–18, 40–45, 48, 76, 115, 215n16
public control of waterfront in, 60–61
steamships serving, 116–19
transatlantic passengers from, 79, 80, 81–82
Livingston, Robert, 65–66
Livingston, Walter, 77
London (England), 109
imports at, 46
maritime infrastructure at, 127
packet lines serving, 8, 40, 45, 76, 215n16
Long Island (NY), 2, 3, 19, 70
climate change and, 209
Long Island Sound, 10
longshoremen: exploitation of, 167–69
Liverpool, 60–61
movie portrayal of, 170–73, 175
neighborhoods of, 11–12, 30, 37, 93–108, 201
stereotype of, 88–89
wages of, 50. See also International Longshoremen’s Association (ILA); labor force
Lorillard, Peter, 25–26
Lovett, William, 181
Madden, Owen “Owney the Killer,” 167
mail service, transatlantic, 42, 45, 116–17, 119
Mandel, Henry, 108
Manhattan Gaslight Company, 33
Manhattan Island, 1–2, 3, 19–21
area of, 1, 5, 7, 31, 34, 35–36, 37, 207, 208
consolidation of, 75–76, 142–43, 218n22
manufacturing on, 83–86, 177–78
population of, 63, 90–92, 220n9
West Side of, 158–66. See also New York, Port of; New York City
Manhattan waterfront: corruption on, 167–69
crowding on, 86, 110–11, 142, 151, 153, 157, 162
decline of, 2, 5, 12–13, 176–77, 180, 185–88
future of, 209–11
infrastructure of, 1–2, 4–7, 17, 128
movie portrayal of, 12, 170–73, 175
public vs. private control of, 2, 5–6, 16, 21–24, 37, 125–26, 128, 130, 131–33, 161, 188, 197–98, 205–6
rebirth of, 2, 14–15, 133–34, 137–40, 180, 188–89
reclamation of, 134–37
redevelopment of, 14, 189–90, 194–96, 207
reform on, 12, 125–27, 173–77. See also East River; Hudson River; New York, Port of
Mannahatta Project, 31
maritime infrastructure, 1–2, 4–7, 17, 128
challenges to, 121–25
Port Authority projects for, 156, 157, 166, 190–94
railroad, 102, 190. See also bulkheads; piers; wharves
Marshall, Benjamin, 41–42
Marshall Plan, 167
Marx, Karl, 44
Mathias, Charles, 79
Maury, Matthew Fontaine, 17
Mazet, Robert, 141
McCarthy, Joseph, 226n25
McClellan, George B., 133
McCormack, William “Mr. Big,” 172, 174
McDonald, Thomas and family, 201, 202
McSorley, John, 140
Meany, George, 173
Meatpacking District, 203, 204
Milliner, William, 27
Mobile (AL): packet lines to, 9, 52, 53
shipping volume at, 109, 176–77, 217n57
Montgomerie Charter, 4, 22–23, 24–25, 26, 27, 143
Moore, Clement C., 35, 36, 106, 108, 147
Morris, Robert, 39
Morrison, John, 117
Moses, Robert, 189
Mulcahey, Mary, 100
Mulligan, Peter, 48–49
Murphy, Charles F., 141
Murphy, Daniel and family, 100–101
Murphy, John, 140
National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) database, 79–80, 81
National Labor Relations Board (NLRB), 173
Naughton, Daniel, 141
code of silence in, 11, 174–75
container revolution and, 13
ethnic makeup of, 91–93
Gotham Court, 97–102
Irish immigrant, 80, 92, 169. See also housing
Newark (NJ): airport in, 155
container facilities in, 13, 177, 183–84, 188, 199
organized crime in, 12
waterfront jobs in, 180
New Jersey: container ports in, 12, 13, 177, 188
investment in, 156, 177, 179–80, 183–85
metropolitan regional plan for, 151–56
railroads based in, 113, 114–15, 151–52, 157–66. See also Jersey City (NJ); Newark (NJ); Port Authority of New York and New Jersey
New Orleans (LA): cotton trade in, 47, 57, 59, 217n57
imports at, 46
packet lines for, 9, 52, 53, 54, 76
shipping volume at, 109, 176–77
British occupation of, 19
steamboat service to, 71–72, 73
wealth in, 72
newspapers, 12, 41, 45, 170, 171–72
cotton trade at, 54, 55–56, 59, 73, 217n57
imports and exports of, 21, 39, 40, 46–47, 53, 55–56, 68, 150, 157, 166, 176
infrastructure challenges of, 121–25
inland waterways to, 10, 62–63, 64, 77
maritime dominance by, 45, 61, 62, 76–77, 109, 142, 176
metropolitan model for, 152–56
Newark as center of, 156, 183, 188
packet lines serving, 8, 40, 44–47, 52–54
rail lines to, 111–14
reform of, 128–30
regional extent of, 143, 151, 161
shipping volume at, 109–11, 150–51, 176–77, 178, 221n2, 222n4. See also longshoremen; Manhattan Island; Manhattan waterfront; Port Authority of New York and New Jersey
New York and Harlem Railroad, 112, 222n7
New York Central & Hudson River Railroad, 112, 113
New York Central Railroad, 10, 112, 113, 160
freight volume of, 151, 162–63
gridlock caused by, 162
High Line of, 161, 166, 198, 199–200
rivals of, 142, 151–52, 157, 158
street tracks of, 163, 166, 199
New York Chamber of Commerce, 51, 125, 142, 154
New York City: British occupation of, 19, 39
charters establishing, 4, 22–23
creation of greater, 75–76, 142–43, 218n22
eminent domain power of, 137, 144, 146
federal loans to, 187
Great Fire of 1776 in, 19
immigration to, 87, 89–93, 104, 106, 220n9, 221n37
industrialization of, 83–86
Parks Department of, 197
piers owned by, 102–3, 128–30, 142
revitalization plan of, 14, 194–96
rival seaports of, 18–19, 38–40
service economy of, 192–93
street-cleaning laws of, 23–24
waterfront control by, 22–23, 128, 131, 188. See also Department of Docks; Department of Marine and Aviation; Manhattan Island; Manhattan waterfront; water-lots
New York Gaslight Company, 31–33
dredging, 126–27
geography of, 2–4, 3, 18, 19–21, 20, 62
Waterfront Commission of, 175–76, 180–81. See also New York, Port of
New York Public Library, 150, 206
New York State: metropolitan regional plan for, 151–56
public authorities in, 189
Saxe Law of, 163
waterfront control by, 125, 128, 131, 143
North River Steamboat Company, 65–66
Novelty Iron Works, 85, 86, 118
ocean liners, 2
decline of, 13, 180; Lusitania and Titanic, 147
piers for, 106, 149. See also steamships
O’Connell, James and family, 100
O’Donnell, Monsignor John J., 169, 173
O’Dwyer, William, 179
On the Waterfront (movie), 12, 170–73, 175
Orr, Isaac, 126
O’Toole, James and family, 201, 202
packet ships: Black X Line, 45, 116
canal, 78
crew of, 48–52
Holmes Line, 53
Hudson River, 64–68
New Line, 8
Old Line, 45–46
passengers on, 77–83, 110, 218nn30, 33
piers for, 122
Red Star Line, 8, 45, 219n33, 224n29
Red Swallowtail Line, 45
schedules for, 40–42
Second Line, 46
southern, 9–10, 52–54, 72–73, 76, 117
transatlantic, 8–9, 17–18, 40–47, 48, 62, 76, 116–17. See also Black Ball Line; cotton; sailing ships; steamships
parks, 194–95
Battery, 196
Bryant, 206
island, 205–6, 210. See also Hudson River Park
Pataki, George, 196
Patterson, Victor, 169
Pennsylvania Railroad, 113, 114, 130, 158, 163
British occupation of, 19
freight traffic to, 130
imports at, 46
port fees in, 126
shipping volume at, 109, 110, 176–77
Philadelphia & Reading Railroad, 158–59
Piano, Renzo, 200
Pier, Stephen, 77
piers: abandonment of, 13, 124, 177, 180, 185, 186, 188
building, 2, 4, 5, 16, 21, 23, 26, 38
city-owned, 102–3, 128–30, 142
leases for, 140, 146, 150, 224n29
length of, 121–23, 134, 143–46
master plan for, 133–34
Port Newark, 179
public control of, 5, 131–32, 134–37
railroad use of, 114–15
rebuilding, 137, 139–40, 143, 167
regulation of, 125–26
wet basins vs., 60. See also Hudson River piers
Place, Ira, 160
Pollock, Carlyle, 26
Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, 128, 132–33
infrastructure projects of, 156, 157, 166, 190–94
New Jersey investment by, 156, 177, 179–80, 183–85, 188. See also New York, Port of
Port of New York Authority, 153–56
Priest, George, 79
Providence (RI), steamboat service to, 71, 74, 78
public authorities, 189
Battery Park City Authority, 191–92, 194
Hudson River Part Trust, 196–97
redevelopment by, 189–90. See also Port Authority of New York and New Jersey
Pulling, Ezra E., 96, 98, 99, 100
Queens (NY), 75–76, 142–43, 218n22
Railroad Administration, US, 153
railroads, 111–14
elevated, 161, 166, 198, 199–200
freight volume of, 150–51, 167, 178
industrialization and, 83–84
New Jersey–based, 114–15, 151–52, 157–66
regulation of, 151–53, 159, 163
steamships vs., 68, 71, 130, 142
West Side problem of, 163–66. See also New York Central Railroad
railways, horse-drawn, 75, 163
Rapid Transit Commission, 163. See also subway system
Remick, Joshua, 48
Remsen, Henry, 27
Remsen, Joris, 27
Riley, John F., 168
Robbins, Tom, 195–96
Rockefeller, David, 191–92
Rockefeller, Nelson, 192
Roosevelt, Franklin, 167
Ruggles, Samuel, 69
Russell Sage Foundation, 87, 88–89, 90, 153–54
Rutgers, Anthony, 27
Ryan, Joseph, 169–70, 172, 173, 175
clippers, 47, 62, 115; Empress of China, 39
Long Island Sound, 70–71; Mayflower, 17
periaugers, 74
steam power and, 85, 115–16. See also packet ships
sailors, 48–52
fleecing of, 167
impressment of, 40
wages of, 50–52
Saint, Eva Marie, 170
Sanderson, Eric, 31
Sandy, Superstorm, 14–15, 33, 207–9, 210
sanitary districts, 95–96, 103, 105
Savannah (GA): cotton from, 217n57
packet lines to, 9, 52, 53, 76
shipping activity at, 109, 110
steamship to, 115–16
Schermerhorn family, 135–36
Schulberg, Budd, 12, 170, 171, 172, 174
sea level rise, 209
Seamen’s Friend Society, 49, 51
sewage. See waste removal
Sheen, Bishop Fulton J., 174
ships. See barges; container shipping; ocean liners; packet ships; sailing ships; steamships
shipyards, East River, 30, 47, 85, 117, 193
Shkuda, Aaron, 192
Shumer, Chuck, 206
Sierra Club, 195
Silver, William and family, 202
Simonetti, Nick, 181
Slater, Samuel, 72
Smith, Henry, 50
Smith, Tanner, 167
Smithers, Henry, 60
Sneezy, Carrie and family, 202
South, America: African American migration from, 186
imports of, 53
shipping routes to, 8, 9–10, 52–54, 72–73, 76, 109, 221n2. See also cotton
South Street: bulkheads along, 135, 137
Spellman, Cardinal Francis, 174
city consolidation with, 75–76, 142–43, 218n22
climate change and, 209
waterfront expansion in, 151
Statue of Liberty, 110
advancements in, 58, 77, 119–21, 147
British, 119–21
building, 85
Cunard Line, 106, 117–18, 120–21, 122, 130, 222n17, 224n29
Fall River Line, 73
ferry service by, 74–75
Great Western Steamship Line, 116
Hudson River, 65–68
inland routes for, 78
Long Island Sound, 70–74
Morning Line, 66
passengers on, 110, 118–19, 150
piers for, 102, 106, 121–23, 142, 143–44, 146, 147, 149–50, 224n29
safety regulations for, 118–19
shipping activity of, 109–11
Starin Line, 114
transatlantic service by, 116–19
Union Army leasing of, 112
Union Line, 66
United States Steamship Line, 117–19
White Star Line, 106, 150, 224n29. See also packet ships
steerage passengers, 79, 219n33
stevedores. See longshoremen
St. John’s Terminal, 198, 199, 210
Stone, Moses, 48
storm barriers, 210
construction of, 4, 5, 25–26, 31
paving and cleaning, 23–24
rail tracks on, 163, 166, 199. See also South Street; West Street
Stronger, More Resilient New York, A, 210–11
Stuyvesant Cove, 7, 14, 30–34, 208
St. Veronica’s Catholic Church, 103, 104
subway system, 163
flooding of, 207
freight, 164–66
PATH, 153
rebuilding, 196
Sullivan, John, 100
Sullivan, Thomas, 140
Tammany Hall, 218n22
opposition from, 125, 128, 131, 152–53
textile industry: English, 9, 39, 44, 55, 56, 59, 83, 85–86, 216n45
French, 45–46
Thompson, Francis, Jr., 79
Thompson, Francis, Sr., 41–42, 79
Thompson, Jeremiah, 41–43
Thompson, Samuel, 77
Torey, William, 108
trucking, 13, 155, 156, 178–79
tugboats, 158–59
Van Cortlandt, Augustus, 27, 34
Van Cortlandt, Peter, 27
Van Dam, Rip, 27
steamboats of, 65–66, 71, 77, 112
Ver Planck family, 135–36
Vision 2020, 209–10
von Furstenberg, Diane, 205–6, 210
Vonhasselen, Otto and family, 202
Vredenburgh, John, 27
Waldman, Stuart, 103
Wallace, Mike, 83
Ward, Nathan, 170
waste removal, 23–24
East River area, 96
New York Harbor, 126–27
Waterfront Commission of New York Harbor, 175–76, 180–81
Battery Park City, 190–94, 207
charter defining, 4, 22–23, 24–25
Chelsea, 35–37
East River, 26–30
Hudson River, 6, 34–35, 214n30
private control of, 121–26, 128
public reclamation of, 134–37, 144–46, 147, 148
Stuyvesant Cove, 30–34
title search of, 133
water system, “Croton-water,” 107
waterways, 8–11
New York dominance of, 38–40, 76–77
transatlantic, 8–9, 16–19, 40–47, 77, 79–83
Watson, Robert, 58
Webb, Joseph, 136
Webb, Lewis, 136
Webb, William, 47
Westervelt, Jacob, 47
Westley, Agnes and family, 202
West Shore Railroad, 113, 158–59, 163
West Side Highway, 13, 14, 185–86, 195–96
West Street: bulkheads along, 136, 137
congestion on, 162
construction of, 25–26, 107, 135
relocation of, 148
wharfage: control of, 25, 26, 30, 132
revenue from, 140
wharves: building, 2, 4–5, 16, 21, 23, 25–26
regulation of, 125–26
wet basins vs., 60. See also piers
White, C. P., 136
Whitney Museum of American Art, 200
Whitson, Margret, 50
Wilgus, William J., 152–53, 163–66
Williams, John, 49–50
Williams, Mora, 50
Wilson, Woodrow, 153
Wood, Silas, 97
workforce, waterfront, 89–93. See also longshoremen
World Trade Center, 7, 14, 156, 190–94
Wright, Isaac, 41–42
Wright, William, 41–42
Wright brothers, 178