Index

acclimation, 6.1, 9.1

Ace bandages, 7.1, 8.1, 8.2

acute mountain sickness (AMS), 2.1, 9.1

Adirondacks

Adopt-A-Trail programs

Adventure Journal

adventure travel

A-frame tents, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4

after-exercise chill, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3

afternoon tea

age, load and

Agriculture, U.S. Department of (USDA), 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 7.1

airdrops, 5.1, 8.1, 9.1

Air Force, U.S., 5.1, 5.2, 6.1

air mattresses, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3

with pillows

for river crossings

in sleeping systems

Alaska Fish and Game Department

alcoholic beverages

hypothermia and, 9.1, 9.2

alcohol stoves, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3

alkaline cells

disposable, 8.1, 8.2

rechargeable, 8.1, 8.2

allergic reactions

to antivenin

to insect bites

to poison oak, ivy, and sumac

all-terrain vehicles (ATVs), 2.1, 9.1

altimeters, 8.1, 8.2

altitude, high, 2.1, 3.1

boiling point of water at

fire starters for, 5.1, 5.2

first-aid kit for

food preferences at

insulated mugs for

mountain sickness, 2.1, 9.1

American Alpine Club, 8.1, 9.1

American Dietetic Association

American Hiking Society, 2.1, app5.1

American Meteorological Society

American Outdoor Safety League

American Podiatric Medical Association

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)

amphibious shoes

Amundsen, Roald

anaphylactic shock

Andrée arctic balloon party

animals

pack

see also dogs; wild animals

anoraks, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5

antibiotics, 8.1, 8.2

for snakebites

for tick-borne disease

antifungal sprays and powders, 3.1, 3.2

Antiquities Act

antivenin, 9.1, 9.2

Appalachian Trail, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 7.1, 7.2

arachnids, dangerous

Armed Forces Research and Development

Armstrong, Robyn

Army, U.S., 5.1, 5.2, 5.3

Food Service, 5.1, 5.2

Research Institute of Environmental

Medicine

aromatherapy

arsenic, water containing, 5.1, 5.2

asphyxiation, 5.1, 6.1

ataxia, 9.1, 9.2

Athabascans

athlete’s foot

ATVs, 2.1, 9.1

Audubon Society, 2.1, 5.1, 5.2, 8.1, app5.1

Auerbach, Paul S., 5.1, 8.1, 9.1, 9.2

Australian Compression

avalanches, 3.1, 6.1, 9.1

Backpacker, 2.1, 3.1

Annual Gear Guide, 4.1, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 6.1

Editors’ Choice Award, 3.1, 4.1, 5.1, 7.1

backpacks, see packs

ballpoint pens, 8.1, 8.2

banana chips

bandages

elastic wrap, 7.1, 8.1, 8.2

bandannas

Banks, Pam

barefooting, 3.1, 3.2

Barents, Willem

barometers, 8.1, 8.2

barrel-shaped sleeping bags, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3

basal metabolism

batteries

accidental drainage of

chargers, 8.1, 8.2

for headlamps

for light-emitting diodes, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3

for lightsticks

sources of

beacons

bears, 6.1, 9.1, app3.1

attacks on people by, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3

guns and

pepper spray as defense against

sheltered, 6.1, 7.1

belaying, 8.1, 9.1

beverages

alcoholic, 5.1, 9.1, 9.2

see also water

Big City Mountaineers, 2.1, 2.2

scanning for bears with

biodegradable soaps

birdwatching

bivouac bags, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3

sources of

Black, Mitchell

black bears, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4, 9.5, 9.6

black widow spiders

bladders, water

Blake, William

blindness, snow, 8.1, 8.2

blisters, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3

Blue Cross of California

body fluids, conservation of

body weight, load and

book matches

books, 2.1, 2.2, 3.1, 5.1, 7.1, app4.1

on avalanches

on bears, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4

on birds

on environment

on first aid, 8.1, 9.1, app4.1

on food and cookery, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6, 5.7, app4.1

on inventions

on mountain sickness, 9.1, 9.2

on pack animals

on rattlesnakes

for reading at campsite, 3.1, 7.1, 8.1, 8.2

on route finding, 8.1, app4.1

on sanitation

on snow travel and camping, 6.1, app4.1

on sunrise bearings

on survival

on ultralight gear, 2.1, 2.2, 3.1, 4.1, 5.1, 6.1, 2.3, 2.4, 3.2, 4.2, 5.2, 6.2, app4.1

on water purification, 5.1, 5.2

on weather, 2.1, 9.1

boot camps

booties

boots, 2.1, 3.1

backpacking, 3.1, 3.2

mountaineering, 3.1, 3.2

off-trail, 3.1, 3.2

rattlesnakes and

recommended

repairs and resoles

during river crossings

running-shoe cousins, 3.1, 3.2

soles, 2.1, 3.1

trail, 3.1, 3.2

weight of, 2.1, 3.1

for wet and cold, 3.1, 7.1

for women

Bossel, Hartmut, 6.1, 8.1

bottle/filters

bottles, 5.1, 5.2, 8.1

Boyce, Sue

Boyle’s law

bras

breakfast, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3

breathing, periodic, 2.1, 9.1, 9.2

briefs

Brown, Lester

brown bears, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4

brown recluse spiders

bubonic plague

bucket, collapsible

Bugaboo Spire (British Columbia)

bug repellent, 8.1, 9.1

sources of

bulbs, flashlight

Bureau of Land Management

butane

Byrd Antarctic expedition

caches, 5.1, 9.1

bear-proof

Cade’s Cove

caffeine, 5.1, 5.2

cagoules, 6.1, 7.1

calendar table

calluses

cameras

campfires, see fires

campsites, 6.1, 8.1

solar-powered, 2.1, 8.1

see also bedsites

Canada

National Topographical Series

walking and outdoor organizations in

weather information in

canteens, 5.1, 5.2

canyoneering, 4.1, 9.1

shoes for

Capilene

caps, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4

carabiners

carbohydrates, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6

carbon-monoxide poisoning

carbon-zinc cells

car keys

Carline, Jan

cartridge stoves, 5.1, 5.2

convenience of

cost of

fuel availability for

heating efficiency of

operating, 5.1, 5.2

cat sanitation, 9.1, 9.2

caves

lightning strikes in

snow

cellular phones, 2.1, 8.1

cereal

cerebral edema, 9.1, 9.2

chairs

sources of

chaps, rain, 7.1, 7.2

Cheyne-Stokes syndrome, 2.1, 9.1, 9.2

chiggers

children

carriers for

sleeping bags for

snakebites and, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3

chores

see also cleaning

Chouinard, Yvon, 4.1, 4.2, 7.1

cigarette lighters

citronella

civilization, outposts of

cleaning

utensils, 5.1, 5.2

insect protection from, 7.1, 7.2, 8.1, 9.1

three-layer system, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3

traditional versus new systems

vapor-barrier, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3

weight of

wet, hypothermia and

women’s, 2.1, 7.1

see also specific articles of clothing

coffee, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3

cold protection creams

Coles, David

collars, sleeping-bag

Colombo, Luann

Colorado River, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 8.1, 9.1, 9.2

see also Grand Canyon

Colorado Tick Fever

combs

compasses, 8.1, app4.1

sources of

compression, Australian

compression sacks

computers

wrist, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3

see also Web sites

see also bottles

under special conditions

see also food; stoves; utensils

cooksets

ultralight

see also pots and pans

Cooney, David O., 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4

coordination, loss of

cost

cotton clothing, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, 7.6

cougars, 9.1, 9.2

cougar scream, 3.1, 3.2

Counter Assault Bear Deterrent

crewnecks, long-sleeved

crime, trail

Cryptosporidium, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3

cups

Curtis, Sam

Cushing, Bruce

custom gear, 2.1, 8.1

carbon-monoxide poisoning

poison oak, ivy, and sumac

days, keeping track of

Death Valley, 2.1, 5.1

hats in

night walking in

pace-and-compass march across

temperature in, 6.1, 8.1

water caches in

declination

DEET, insect repellents containing, 6.1, 8.1, 9.1

defecation, 9.1, 9.2

dehydrated foods, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3

packaging of

see also freeze-dried foods

see also Death Valley

desserts

desiccants

detergents, 6.1, 6.2, 7.1, 7.2

dewpoint

Diamox, 9.1, 9.2

Dieter, Fred

dinner, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5

disabilities, programs for those with, 2.1, 2.2

distances

ditty bags

dogs, 4.1, 9.1

sources of products for

ticks on

dome tents, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3

Dominy, Floyd

Dorn, Jonathan, 5.1, 5.2, 7.1

down

clothing, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, 7.6, 7.7, 7.8, 7.9, 7.10, 7.11

sleeping bags, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 6.6, 6.7, 6.8, 6.9, 6.10

down-filled air mat (DAM)

dressing materials

see also bandages

drinks, see beverages

D-rings, 3.1, 3.2

durable water repellents (DWRs), 3.1, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4

dynamo lights

E. coli

Ear Bags

Eastern Mountain Sports (EMS), 2.1, 2.2

eco-tourism

edema

E-frame packs, see external-frame packs

egg containers

Ehrlichiosis

elastic wrap bandages, 7.1, 8.1, 8.2

electrolyte replacement

emergencies, 8.1, 9.1

rations for, 5.1, 9.1

rope in

signaling devices for, 8.1, 9.1

space blanket in

water in

energy bars, 5.1, 5.2

engineering, damage to wilderness by

England, walking organizations in

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 9.1

equipment, see gear

espresso makers

Everest, Mount, 3.1, 5.1, 7.1, 9.1, 9.2

expectancy barrier

Expedition News, 2.1

external-frame (E-frame) packs, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 8.1

suspension systems for, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3

eyeglasses

binoculars and, 8.1, 8.2

spare

eyelets, 3.1, 3.2

eyes

first aid for

sun protection for

fabrics

for backpacks

for clothing, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5

fanny packs, 2.1, 4.1

fans, electric

fashion

fat, dietary, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4

Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)

fees

feet, care of, 3.1, 8.1

fill

synthetic, for sleeping bags, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5

see also down

film cans

fire starters, 5.1, 8.1

fires, 5.1, 5.2

cooking, 5.1, 5.2

hazards, 5.1, 6.1, 6.2

signal, 9.1, 9.2

warming, 5.1, 9.1

books on, 8.1, app4.1

for hypothermia

kits, 3.1, 8.1, app3.1

for lightning strikes

for mountain sickness

flares, 8.1, 9.1

fleas, plague-carrying

fleece

clothing, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, 7.6

fly-fishing, 8.1, 8.2

foam pads, 6.1, 6.2

food, 2.1, 5.1

animals and, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3

breakfast

choices available

cooking, see stoves; pots and pans; utensils

dinner

emergency rations, 5.1, 9.1

foraging for

fresh

location in pack of, 9.1, 9.2

lunch

nutritional requirements and

packaging and repackaging of, 5.1, 5.2

in rain, 7.1, 7.2

replenishing supplies of

staples, 5.1, 5.2

trial and error approach to

weight of, 2.1, 5.1

Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

footbeds

sources of

foot care, see feet, care of

footsacks

footwear, see boots; sandals; shoes; socks

foraging, 2.1, 5.1, 5.2, 9.1

forest fires, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3

Forest Service, U.S., 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 5.1, 6.1, 8.1

campsite location regulations of

dogs in wilderness areas of

fees charged by

fire-building rules of

freeze-dried foods, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3

packaging of, 5.1, 5.2

gaiters, 3.1, 7.1

game trails, 8.1, 9.1

Garcia Machine, 9.1, 9.2

gasoline stoves, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3

convenience of

cost of

fuel availability for

heating efficiency of

gastrointestinal disorders

in mountain sickness

waterborne

Gatewood, Emma “Grandma,”

gear

checklist of, 2.1, app1.1

see also specific items

gel, nutritive

getting in shape

for high altitude

Giardia, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3

Gibbons, Euell

Gilbert, R. M.

Glacier National Park

Gleason, Dana, 4.1, 4.2

Global Adventure

Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers, 2.1, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4

with weather functions

globalization

gloves, 3.1, 3.2, 7.1, 7.2

goats, pack

goggles

Goodwin, Jay, 4.1, 4.2

Grand Canyon, 2.1, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 5.1, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 9.1

airdrops in, 5.1, 9.1

clothes in, 7.1, 7.2

desecration of

determination of scale in

fishing in

food caches in, 5.1, 9.1

groundsheets in

head covering in

rappeling in

rattlesnakes in, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3

river crossings in, 4.1, 9.1

roofless camping in

water needs in, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3

Grand Teton National Park, 8.1, 9.1

Great Smokies National Park

Gregory, Wayne, 4.1, 8.1

grizzlies, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4

groundsheets, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3

guns, 8.1, 9.1

guy lines

Hackett, Peter H., 9.1, 9.2

pack organization and

water during, 5.1, 5.2

hazards

fire, 5.1, 6.1, 6.2

see also dangers

headache, mountain sickness, 2.1, 9.1

LED, 8.1, 8.2

heat

sources of, see fires; stoves

tents and

of vaporization

heat loss

see also hypothermia

heat packs, chemical

helicopters, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3

herbal products

herbs, 5.1, 5.2

Hibler, Chuck, 5.1, 5.2

high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE)

high-end gear

Hillary, Edmund

Himalayan Rescue Association

hipbelts

buckles on

Hollofil

Holthaus, Gary, 5.1, 8.1

hoods, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5

sleeping-bag, 6.1, 6.2

hoop tents, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3

horse-and-mule outfitters

Hostetter, Kristin, 2.1, 5.1, 5.2

hot springs, 8.1, 9.1

hunting, 8.1, 9.1

hyperbaric oxygen chamber

hypothermia, 5.1, 7.1, 9.1, 9.2

ice axes

identification, carrying

I-frame packs, see internal-frame packs

igloos

incandescent bulbs

insects

protection from, 6.1, 7.1, 7.2, 8.1, 9.1, app3.1

Interactive Weather Information Network

internal-frame (I-frame) packs, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 7.1, 8.1

suspension systems for, 4.1, 4.2

weight distribution in

International Canopy Network

International Down and Feather Bureau

International Map Trade Association

International Standards Organization (ISO), 7.1, 7.2

Internet

see also Web sites

intestinal diseases, see gastrointestinal

disorders

Inyo National Forest

iodine

Ireland, walking organizations in

isobutane