Chapter 1: The Origins of Chikungunya and Zika Viruses—History of the Discoveries
The Beginnings of Arboviral Discovery
Earliest Description of Chikungunya Virus Emergence
The Earliest Description of ZIKAV Emergence
Were These Really the Earliest Emergence Events?
History Repeating Itself (Current Emergence Events)
Chapter 2: Chikungunya Virus and Zika Virus Transmission Cycles
Transmission of Arboviruses Between Vectors and Vertebrates
Coinfection of Mosquitoes With CHIKV and ZIKV
Control of CHIKV and ZIKV by Targeting Mosquitoes
Chapter 3: Chikungunya and Zika Disease
Chapter 4: Emergences of Chikungunya and Zika in Africa
Geographic Distribution of the Emergence of Chikungunya and Zika Viruses in Humans
Chapter 5: Chikungunya and Zika Virus in Asia
Chapter 6: Chikungunya Virus and Zika Virus in Europe
Chikungunya Epidemiology in Europe
Vector Distribution for CHIKV and ZIKV
Chapter 7: The Emergence of Chikungunya and Zika Viruses in the Americas
Emergence of Infectious Disease in the Americas
Chikungunya in the Caribbean and South America
CHIKV Emergence in the United States
Genetics and Evolution of Arboviruses and the Importance to Public Health
Molecular Biology and Intracellular Life Cycle of CHIKV
Re-emergence of CHIKV ECSA Genotype in Kenya and the Epidemics in the Indian Ocean
Dispersal of CHIKV to Europe and Southeast Asia
Viral Genetics of CHIKV and Molecular Mechanisms Determining Vector Competence
Deliberate Attenuation of CHIKV by Genetic Mutations
ZIKV and Its Molecular Biology
Phylogenetics of ZIKV and Genetic Mutations Associated With Emerging Strains
Manipulation of Viral Genetics to Generate Vaccine Candidates for ZIKV
Chapter 9: Diagnostics and Laboratory Techniques
Chapter 10: Animal Models for Chikungunya Virus and Zika Virus
Chapter 11: Chikungunya and Zika Virus Vaccines
CHIKV Whole Virus Formulations
CHIKV Live-Attenuated Virus Vaccines
ZIKV Live-Attenuated Virus Vaccines
Chimeric Virus and Viral Vectored CHIKV Vaccines
Chimeric Virus and Viral Vectored ZIKV Vaccines
CHIKV Subunit and Virus-Like Particle Vaccines
ZIKV Subunit Vaccine Development
Challenges and Future Outlook for CHIKV and ZIKV Vaccines
Chapter 12: Chikungunya and Zika: The Future
Future Trends in the Western Hemisphere
Viral Virulence, Vectorial Capacity, and Evolution
Role of Animal Species in Maintenance and Transmission