Figures
We are indebted to the people and archives below for permission to reproduce illustrations. Every effort has been made to trace copyright holders, but in a few cases this has not been possible. Any omissions brought to our attention will be remedied in future editions.
1.2 The Kanizsa Triangle optical illusion
1.5 Contrasting views of the relationship between general linguistics and applied linguistics
1.7 World map using the Dymaxion (or Fuller) projection
2.1 ‘Standard British English’ and some varieties supposedly deriving from or dependent on it
2.2 How language is perceived as correlating with age, dress and behaviour
2.4 A linguistic theory of language
2.5 A model of World Englishes
2.6 Examples of pidgins and creoles around the world
2.7 Image of the Rosetta Project disk
3.2 An example of the mutable status of the concept minority language
3.4 Language, sociopolitical and economic empowerment of Naro speakers in Botswana
3.5 A miscommunicating man and woman being assisted by a (male) applied linguist?
4.1 Sinclair and Coulthard’s discourse hierarchy for traditional teacher-centred lessons
4.2 Aspects of communicative competence
4.3 A hand-painted sign displayed on the US side of the US–Mexico border
4.4 Some dimensions of context determining the situation in which text is produced and comprehended
5.1 Extract from the Official Languages Act of Canada
5.2 Mocking an English-only policy in Nashville, Tennessee
5.3 ‘Talking Cock’: Resistance to government language policy in Singapore
5.5 Multilingual services on the York City Council website in the UK
5.6 A bilingual advertisement for cleaning services
6.4 A divinatory calendar from Puebla, Mexico
6.5 A child’s creative spelling
6.6 Representation of eye movement during reading
6.7 Poster from a Soviet literacy campaign aimed at women
7.1 Simplified transcription of the first page of Coote’s The English Schoole-Maister (1596)
7.2 Screenshot from the online game Deliantra
7.3 ‘Our school rules’: an example of the ubiquity of language in school
7.4 The Talk Story project in Hawaii
8.1 Three frameworks for understanding bilingual and multilingual education
8.2 Language of instruction in an educational programme which leads to subtractive bilingualism
8.3 Language of instruction in an educational programme which leads to additive bilingualism
8.4 Sink-or-Swim submersion programmes
8.5 Bilingual sign in a US school with a two-way immersion programme
8.6 Elite Mandarin–English bilingual education programme in Edmonton, Canada
9.2 Integrative motivation reinforced for an Italian immigrant to the USA in 1918
10.1 La Malinche interpreting for Cortés in Xaltelolco
10.4 Loosening the eccentric bearing carrier pinch bolt
10.5 Example from Euramis of combined retrieval from translation memory and machine translation
11.1 The major stages of dictionary-making
11.2 A suggested quotation for the OED entry for walrus from J. R. R. Tolkien
11.3 Entry for polymer in the New Oxford American Dictionary
11.4 Entry for substance in the New Oxford American Dictionary
11.5 Screenshot from a British Sign Language/English online dictionary for children
12.3 A spectrogram of a male voice repeating the syllable [ta]
12.5 The first page of the ‘Napoleonic Code’, published in France in 1804
13.2 The International Classification of Functioning and Communication Disorders (ICF)
13.3 Family tree for three generations of a family affected by SLI
13.4 Speech Processing Profile
13.5 Playing therapeutic language games
14.1 Five practitioners from around the world
14.2 Bringing technology-driven textual energy into the classroom
14.3 The effectively borderless Schengen Area of Europe
14.4 Flows of responsibility for standards and codes of practice in applied linguistics