Aboriginal Canadians, 234, 247, 250–2
Acadia University, 354
and conscription, 364–5
Acetone production, 301–2
Adams, Franck, 308
African Canadians, 11, 247, 249–50, 251, 292–3 n.18, 355–6
No. 2 Construction Battalion, 356
agriculture. See farmers
aircraft production, 302
Aitken, Sir Max. See Beaverbrook, Lord
Alderson, Lt Gen. Sir Edwin, 37–8, 39, 42, 46, 47
Alien Investigation Board, 284
Alien Labour Act, 279
aliens. See enemy aliens; immigrants; immigrant workers
American Expeditionary Force, 55
Ames, Sir Herbert, 199, 200, 204, 217, 220
Amiens, 56
Anderson, Benedict, 84
anti-imperialists, 97–8, 102. See also nationalistes
anti-militarists, 36
Armenian Canadians, 259
as substitute funeral, 425–7
Armstrong, Elizabeth, 117
Army Medical Corps, 196
Army Service Corps, 196
Arsenault, Aubin-Edmond, 358
Asian Canadians, 81, 247, 275, 290–1, 292–3 n.18
Asquith, Raymond, 86
assigned pay (AP) 207
administrative problems, 201–3, 208, 215
criteria for, 207
mandatory, 204–5
numbers, 214–15
Association Canadienne-française d’education de l’Ontario (ACFEO), 104–5, 110, 125
Association catholique de la jeunesse canadienne-française (ACJC), 97
Australia, 56–7, 399–400, 401; See also Hughes, Billy
Austro-Hungarian Canadians, 66, 81, 253, 272, 276, 289. See also enemy aliens; internment; Ukrainian Canadians
Avery, Donald, 8–9
Banff National Park, 20
Beaulieu, J.V., 206
Beaumont Hamel. See Royal Newfoundland Regiment
Beck, Adam, 245
Beck, J.M., 365
Begin, Cardinal, 110
Belcourt, Napoléon: background and family, 99–101
on enlistment, 116–7
post- war years, 124–7
Regulation 17, 97–9, 107–14, 126
relationship with nationalistes, 127
Berger, Carl, 85
Bergeron, Honoré, 127
Berlin, Ont. See Kitchener
Berton, Pierre, 138
Biggar, Oliver, 380, 382, 383, 385, 394
Bird, Will, 78
Birmingham, A.M., 207
Bliss, Michael, 139
Blondin, Pierre-Edouard, 81
Blumenberg, Sam, 283
Board of Pension Commissioners, 220, 221
Bolshevism. See socialists
Book of Remembrance, 417
Borden, Robert, 7, 11, 13, 24, 25–7, 47, 56, 212, 304, 307, 364, 365, 367–8, 379–80, 387–402
British Empire, 386
health, 87
personal style, 77–8
social attitudes, 80
at Versailles, 380–5. See also Paris Peace Conference; Wartime Elections Act; Military Voters Act
Bottomley, Horatio, 88
anti-imperialist, 98
conscription, 65
enlistment, 120
reputation of, 102
Bowman, Beniah, 244
Bowman, James, 81
Boyle, Robert W., 303
British Expeditionary Force, 39, 40, 71
British Indian Army, 42
British War Office, 45, 65, 70
Brooke, Rupert, 87
Brown, Audrey Alexandra, 78
Brown, Robert Craig, 3, 5, 21–2, 76, 90–2, 127, 138, 150, 163, 221
Beijing Academy of Social Sciences, 29–30
Borden biography, 22–7; Canada: A Nation Transformed, 22–3, 27–8
Canadian Historical Association, 21, 27, 29
Champlain Society, 21
Knox College, 15–19
marriage, 19
Royal Society of Canada, 29
University of Calgary, 20
University of Toronto, 20, 21, 28–9
Bruchesi, Mgr, 116
Bulgarian Canadians, 272, 276. See also enemy aliens; internment
Burns, James MacGregor, 82
Cahan, C.H., 281
Canada in Khaki, 338
Canadian-American relations, 77, 241, 245, 275, 276, 279, 286, 386–7, 396, 397–9
Canadian Army Pay Corps (CAPC), 196, 201–2
Canadian Battlefield Memorials Commission, 415
Canadian Club, 323, 324, 325, 328
Canadian Corps. See Canadian Expeditionary Force
Canadian Defence Force (CDF), 66–7, 210–11
Canadian Echo (Wiarton), 244
Canadian Expeditionary Force (CEF), 51–7, 197, 220, 353, 356
1st Canadian Division, 37–40, 43, 46
2nd Canadian Division, 38, 39, 46
3rd Canadian Division, 47
5th Canadian Division, 55, 68, 70–3, 119
Canadian Forestry Corps, 213
Canadian Medical Army Corps, 255
Canadian Railway Troops, 213
demographics, 197
equipment, 45
French-Canadian battalions, 46, 54, 69, 115, 117–20
integration, 249–50
officers, 48
remuneration, 38, 195–7, 207, 259
strength after conscription, 72–3
training, 37, 39–41, 55, 70, 246. See also Canadian Army Pay Corps; Canadian Defence Force; casualties; enlistment; prisoners of war
Canadian Expeditionary Force battalions: 4th Infantry, 40; 8th, 42; 15th, 42–3; 22nd, 46, 54, 69, 117, 119–21; 41st, 115, 118, 120; 57th, 118, 120; 69th, 115, 118, 120; 118th, 256; 165th, 118; 167th, 118; 206th, 118, 120
Canadian Expeditionary Force brigades: 1st, 42; 2nd, 42; 3rd, 42; 5th, 120
Canadian Mining Institute, 304
Canadian Patriotic Fund (CPF), 9, 38, 178, 194, 208, 335
background, 199
cost of living, 218
farmers, 235–6
moral regulation, 178, 195, 206, 217
Ontario, 231
prairies, 206
western Canada, 214, 218. See also separation allowance
Canadian Registration Board, 279
Canadian Ruthenian, 282
Canadian Society of Civil Engineers, 304
Canadian War Memorials Fund, 338, 429
Canadian War Records Office, 338
Canal du Nord, 56
Cannadine, David, 412
Carson, Maj. Gen. Sir John Wallace, 212
Cassar, George, 89–90
casualties, 48, 55–7, 63, 67, 88, 220, 233
Allies, 44
‘Canadian Orchard,’ 44
civilian, 43
Passchendaele, 54
St Eloi, 47
Ypres, 42–3
Cecil, Lord Robert, 382, 385, 388, 389, 390, 400–1
CEF. See Canadian Expeditionary Force
cenotaphs. See war memorials
Chabot, J.L., 81
Chantilly conference, 46
Charlebois, Charles, 109
Chatelaine, 160
Chicago Tribune, 103
chlorine gas, 41–2
Christie, Loring, 80, 379, 381, 382, 383, 384, 394, 396, 401
Christie, Nancy, 168
Citizen (Winnipeg), 285
Claxton, Brooke, 343
Clemenceau, Georges, 381, 384, 391, 399
Cleverdon, Catherine, 163
Clute, Chief Justice, 107
Coaker, William, 367–9
Commachio, Cynthia, 160
Connaught, Duke of, 199
Connaught Laboratories, 303
Connor, Ralph, 4, 88, 288, 332, 335, 417
Conrad, Margaret, 139
conscription, 5–6, 7, 25, 55, 69, 92, 333, 352, 364–5
direct benefits, 72–3
exemptions, 65, 68, 123, 239, 240, 242
French Canadians, 83, 90, 123–4, 127, 240
and morale, 64
Newfoundland, 368
Quebec, 69
Second World War, 62–4
western Canada, 233. See also enlistment; Military Service Act
Cook, Eleanor, 23
Courcelette. See Flers-Courcelette, Battle of
Creighton, Donald, 17–18, 19, 21, 22, 23, 24, 26, 27
Crerar, Thomas, 273
Cronyn, Hume, 308
books and publishing, 330, 335, 343
cultural industries, 340–1
cultural nationalism, 10, 324, 340, 344–5, 347 n.19
film and theatre, 331–2, 335, 338–40
impact of the war, 333–40
post-war, 343–5
spread of American culture, 10, 323–4, 329–30, 332–3
Curl, James Stevens, 421
Currie, Brigadier Arthur, 43, 46, 48–9, 52–5, 67–8, 70–1, 380, 415–16, 426–7, 428
background, 80
Currie, J.A., 242
Curtis, Bruce, 82
Curtiss Aeroplanes and Motors Ltd of Canada, 302
Dafoe, John W., 289, 380, 382, 383, 386, 393
Dalhousie University, 354
Dandurand, Raoul, 97, 99, 102, 122
David, Laurent-Olivier, 112
death and mourning, 11–12, 411, 413, 419–21, 423–5
battlefield visions, 417–18
Christianity, 411, 414, 417–18, 420
collective memory, 420
death and mourning in Victorian and Edwardian Canada, 411–13. See also Armistice Day
Decoration Day, 425
Dening, Greg, 89
Department of Indian Affairs, 251
deportation. See enemy aliens; immigrants
Desloges sisters, 110
Desrosiers, Napoléon, 96
Devonshire, Duke of, 80, 381, 384
Doherty, C.J., 380, 381, 383, 385, 391, 393, 401
Donovan, Peter, 234
Duncan, Robert Kennedy, 304
Durkin, Douglas, 161
Eaton, John C., 45
Edison, Thomas, 306
Eggleston, Wilfrid, 308
election of 1917, 67–8, 123, 364–5
demographics, 68
disenfran-chisement, 289
French Canadians, 240
Quebec, 123–4
women’s vote, 80, 176. See also Military Voters Act; Wartime Elections Act
Emery, George, 412
Empire Club, 316
enemy aliens, 158, 258–60, 276, 281, 288–9
deportation, 281
employment, 168, 254–5, 277–82
violence against, 258–60, 282–4. See also internment
English, John, 6–7
Aboriginal Canadians, 250
Black Canadians, 249–50
British descent, 37, 64–5, 236
Canadian Defence Force, 66–7
farmers, 235
Finnish Canadians, 253
foreign born, 65
French Canadians, 65–6, 82, 115, 117, 122
German Canadians, 256
Jewish Canadians, 253
National Registration, 65
Newfoundlanders, 38
western Canada, 115. See also conscription
Enros, Philip, 308
Eve, A.S., 303
Fallon, Michael, 248
Canadian Patriotic Fund, 235
commodity prices, 237–8
conscription, 68, 237–44
enlistment, 235
Ontario, 234–45
political representation, 244–5, 261
volunteer organizations, 39
workers, 38, 278. See also Canadian Echo; Grain Growers’ Guide; prairies; United Farmers of Ontario; Weekly Sun; western Canada
Ferguson, Howard, 105, 126, 248
Fessenden, Reginald, 303
Fields, J.C., 310
financial support for families. See assigned pay; Canadian Patriotic Fund; separation allowance; pensions
Findley, Timothy, 4
Finkel, Alvin, 139
Finnish Canadians, 253, 276, 288
Fiset, Sir Eugene, 206
Fishermen’s Protective Union, 367–9
Flanders. See Somme; Ypres
Flavelle, Joseph, 166–7, 179, 306
Flemming, James, 358
Flers-Courcelette, Battle of, 49–50, 120
Foch, Marshal Ferdinand, 56
Forster, W.E., 358
Foster, Sir George, 306, 307, 380, 381, 388
at Versailles, 380–3, 389, 391, 395, 401
franchise. See Military Voters Act; Wartime Elections Act Franconia, 201
Free Press (Manitoba), 285, 289, 380
French Canadians, 7–8, 89, 104–5, 115, 119–20, 240
enlistment, 66, 82, 115, 117, 122
election of 1917, 240. See also 22nd Battalion; Quebec; Regulation 17
French, Field Marshal Sir John, 40
Gadsby, H.F., 242
Genest, Samuel, 106
Geoffrion, Aime, 111
Geological Survey of Canada, 305
German Canadians, 66, 81, 240, 247, 253–7, 260, 272, 276, 289. See also enemy aliens; internment
Globe (Toronto), 36, 111, 237, 429
Gompers, Samuel, 398
Good, W.C., 242–3
Gordon, Charles W. See Connor, Ralph
Gouin, Lomer, 92
Grain Growers’ Guide (Winnipeg), 36, 244
Granatstein, J.L., 5, 7, 21, 90–1, 117
Grand Indian Council of Ontario, 251
Graves, Robert, 87
Gray, J.A., 303
Great War Veterans’ Association, 240, 260, 425
Griesbach, W.A., 81
Gross National Product (GNP), 140–2
Groulx, Lionel, 127, 128–9, 130–1 n.13
Group of Seven, 343
Guardian (Methodist), 36
Gwatkin, Gen. Willoughby, 66
Gwyn, Sandra, 88–9
Haig, Gen. Sir Douglas, 47, 48–51, 54–8, 76, 120
Halifax, 353–4, 359, 361, 369, 370
Haileyburian (Ontario), 202
Hamilton, Constance, 166
Hamilton Herald, 235
Hankey, Maurice, 382
Harris, Lloyd, 395
Hearst, William Henry: farmers, 244–5
Kitchener, 257
recruitment, 230
Regulation 17, 97, 106, 110, 114
Henderson, Rose, 183
Hiller, James, 363
Hindenburg Line, 51
Hitsman, J. Mackay, 62, 90, 117
Hobsbawm, Eric, 76–7
Honorary Advisory Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, 306–7, 314–15. See also National Research Council
House, Edward, 382, 385, 388, 390, 398, 400
Howard, Michael, 4
Hughes, Billy, 385, 387, 388, 389, 390, 399–401, 402
Hughes, Maj. Gen. Garnet, 68
Hughes, Laura, 170
Hughes, Col. Sam, 37, 47, 65, 68, 87, 116–17, 119
influence of, 212
suffrage, 197
Valcartier, 196
Hull, James, 308
Hunter-Miller, David, 389, 402
Hutchinson, Bruce, 327
immigrant workers, 284
radicalism, 272, 273, 281, 283–4, 286–9
immigrants 258–60
demographics, 274
numbers, 273
public services, 283
violence against, 282–4, 289. See also specific groups
Immigration Act, 286–8
immigration policy, 273–5, 278–9, 287, 289–90
Imperial Munitions Board (IMB), 164, 166–8, 172, 177, 215, 301, 302
Imperial Order Daughters of the Empire (IODE), 176, 233, 245, 328, 360, 425
Imperial War Cabinet, 77, 386, 387, 397, 399
Imperial War Conference, 83, 367, 387
Resolution IX, 26
Imperial War Graves Commission, 416, 422
Industrial Banner, 160, 170, 178
industrialization, 139–40
Industrial Workers of the World (IWW), 275
inflation, 145–7, 217–18, 241, 280
Intercolonial Railway, 362
International Labor Organization (ILO), 389–91, 398, 401
internment, 158, 177, 254, 258, 277–81, 287
release from, 279. See also enemy aliens
Irish Canadians, 248–9
Irish, Mark, 166–8, 174, 179–80
Jackson, A.Y., 421
Jacobs, F.W., 251
Jewish Canadians, 81, 252–3, 283
Johnson, Phelps, 303
Kechnie, Margaret, 174–5
Keefer, T.C., 300
Kemp, Sir Edward, 66, 69, 71, 82, 206–7, 212–13, 371
Kemp, Mrs J.C., 219
Kerr, Philip, 382
Keshen, Jeffrey, 43
King, Louis V., 303
King, William Lyon Mackenzie, 62, 87, 88, 402, 418
Kingston Standard, 259
Kitchener (Ontario), 255–7, 261
Koreichuk, Timothy, 287
Labour Gazette, 169
labour movement, 241, 277, 280, 283–8. See also women at work: labour unrest; Maritimes
La Follette, Robert, 103
Lamarche, Paul-Emile, 112
Lambert, Paul-Adrien, 127
Landry, Col. J.P., 119
Landry, Phillippe, 97, 109, 110, 112–14, 119
language of war, 87–9
Lapointe, Ernest, 112
La Presse (Montreal), 329
LaRocque, Mgr Paul, 97
Lash, Zebulon, 84
Last Post Fund, 425
Latulippe, Mgr, 110
Laurier, Wilfrid, 25, 27, 102, 105, 240, 247, 341, 368
defeat of, 36
family, 101
navy, 36
Regulation 17, 104, 110–12, 127
reputation of, 239
Lavergne, Armand, 65, 85, 97, 127
Leacock, Stephen, 313
League of Nations, 57, 220, 383, 385–6, 389–91, 392, 401
Article X, 385. See also Paris Peace Conference
Le Devoir (Montreal), 97, 102, 116
Le Droit (Ontario), 106
Lemieux, Rodophe, 102, 112, 116, 118, 124, 127
Lennox, Mr Justice, 107
Lens-Douai plain, 51
Le Samedi (Montreal), 330
Lessard, Gen. François-Louis, 119
Lévesque, René, 90
Lismer, Arthur, 235
Litt, Paul, 10
Livingston, Grace MacPherson, 89
Lloyd George, David, 51, 77, 91, 314, 379, 382–9, 391, 397, 398, 399, 402
Lloyd, William, 368
Loft, Fred O., 252
Logic, Maj. Gen., 205
London Advertiser, 240
Lougheed, Sir James, 202
Lyon, Stewart, 111
Macallum, A.B., 301, 304, 307, 309, 310, 311–13, 315–16
Macdonald, Charles, 219
MacDonald, J.E.H., 235
Macdonell, Claude, 255
Macdonnell, Maj. Gen. A.C., 49
Machin, H.A.C., 212
Mackell, R., 106
Mackell v. Trustees, 111
Mackenzie, A.S., 309
Macphail, Agnes, 416
Macphail, Sir Andrew, 429–30
Mail and Empire (Toronto), 36
manufacturing, 141, 142–3, 231–2, 277, 287
Margeson, Maj. J.W., 215–16
Maritimes, 11, 123, 165, 182, 210, 249, 277, 350–2, 364, 370, 371
defence of, 352–4
election of 1917, 364–5
labour unrest, 354, 364, 369–70
out-migration, 351
politics, 358–9
women, 359–60
prohibition, 359. See also Halifax
Marlyn, John, 290
Marne, Battle of the, 39
Marshall, David, 413
Martin, Médéric, 116
Mason, D.H.C., 419
Mathers Royal Commission on Industrial Relations, 183
Matthews, Maj. Harold, 42
Mauser Ridge, 41
Mayo, James, 421
McAdams, Roberta, 219
McClung, Nellie, 159, 176, 182
McCrae, John, 88–9
McCurdy, A.G., 210
McLaren, John, 179
McLennan, John, 28, 302, 303, 306, 313–14
McWilliam, Jean, 219
Merner, J.J., 81
Mignault, Arthur, 117, 121, 127
Military Service Act (MSA), 62, 67, 212–13, 238, 368. See also conscription
Military Voters Act, 80, 83, 90, 365
Millard, Rod, 9–10
Milner, Lord, 381, 384, 393–4, 397
mining, 273, 277, 279–80, 283, 286–7
minorities. See immigrants; see also specific groups
Monk, F.D., 25
Montreal Star, 36
Moore, William Henry, 125–6
morality, 175–81. See also Woman’s Christian Temperance Union; women
Morris, Sir Edward, 367–8
Morris, May, 250
Morton, Desmond, 9, 37–9, 47, 118
Morton, George, 249
Mueller, Paul Wilhelm, 255, 260
munitions, 142, 149, 170, 172, 232, 241, 300–1, 314. See also Imperial Munitions Board; women at work: munitions
Murphy, Emily, 176
Murray, George, 351, 358, 360, 365
Murray, James, 358
Myers, Tamara, 180
National Council of Women (NCW), 159, 166, 174, 176, 179–80, 182, 219
National Research Council (NRC), 9–10, 306–8, 316. See also Honorary Advisory Council for Scientific and Industrial Research
nationalism, 36, 54, 70, 91, 92, 102, 111–12
nationalistes, 25, 80, 97–9, 116, 118, 125, 127, 128
New Brunswick, 351, 355, 358, 359, 360, 361, 364. See also Maritimes
Newfoundland, 11, 277, 350–2, 364, 371, 396–7
conscription, 368
economy, 363–4
formation of National Government, 368
prohibition, 360
relationship with Canada, 370–1
suffrage, 360
Newfoundland Forestry Corps, 356
Newfoundland Patriotic Association, 351, 367, 368
Newfoundland Regiment. See Royal Newfoundland Regiment
News (Toronto), 43
News Record (Waterloo), 240
Next-of-Kin Associations, 219
Nickle, W.F., 220
Nicolson, Harold, 389
Nivelle offensive, 51
Nivelle, Robert, 51
Non-Partisan (Alberta), 219
Norris, George W., 103
Norris, Tobias C., 284
Nova Scotia, 351, 354–5, 359, 360
Cape Breton Island, 351. See also Halifax; Maritimes
Nova Scotia Provincial Workmen’s Association, 354
Nowlan, George, 370
O’Leary, Grattan, 418
Ontario: budget allocation, 231
Canadian Patriotic Fund, 231
casualties, 233
demographics, 246–7
enlistment, 232
farmers, 234–45
munitions, 232
election of 1917, 241
prohibition, 232
Orlando, Vittorio, 384
Osborne, Col. H.C., 416
Ottawa Separate School Board, 105–14. See also Regulation 17
Otter, Gen. W.D., 66
Owen, Wilfred, 87
Packet (Orillia), 239
Pagnuelo, Tancrede, 118
Pan-Canadian League of Indians, 252
Panel, Col. H.A., 117
Papineau, Louis-Joseph, 102
Papineau, Talbot, 120–1
Paris Peace Conference, 11, 177, 379–402
British Empire Delegation, 388–9, 391, 396, 398, 400
Covenant of the League, 385, 400
international civil aviation, 395–6
territory, 396–7
Parlby, Irene, 161
Patenaude, Esioff-Léon, 112
peace proposals, 51
Pearson, Annie, 87
Pearson, Lester, 87
Pelletier, Maj. Gen. Oscar, 119
Pension Board, 216. See also Board of Pension Commissioners
Perley, Sir George, 212–13
prairies, 66, 139, 141, 142–5, 206, 396
enlistment, 82, 139. See also enemy aliens; immigrant workers; immigrants; labour movement; western Canada; Winnipeg General Strike
Price, Enid, 169
Price, William, 37
Prince Edward Island, 355, 358, 359, 360
election of 1917, 365. See also Maritimes
prisoners of war (POW), 42–3, 56. See also internment
Privy Council, 110, 111, 113–14
prohibition, 232, 245, 351, 359
Pursell, Carroll, 300
Canadian Patriotic Fund, 206, 214
enlistment, 54
women, 167. See also French Canadians; nationalistes
Readman, Col. Onesime, 118
Recorder (Brockville), 240
recruitment, 230, 232, 237. See also enlistment
Red Cross, 359–60
Red Scare, 272, 281–9 Regina Daily Star, 429
Regulation 17, 17, 25, 96–8, 104–14, 127, 247–8
papacy, 114
repealed, 126. See also Belcourt, Napoléon
Ottawa Separate School Board
Reid, Helen, 205, 208, 211, 217
Remembrance Day. See Armistice Day
Revue populaire, 330
Richards, Percy J., 355–6
Riethdorf, F.V., 255
Roblin, Rodmond, 289
Rockland Separate School Board, 96, 127. See also Regulation 17
Rosenberg, Isaac, 88
Ross, D.A., 284
Rowell, Newton, 106, 111–12, 239, 245, 230, 384
Royal Canadian Institute, 304, 314
Royal Canadian Navy, 36–7, 353–4
Royal Commission on Industrial Relations, 283
Royal Flying Corps (RFC), 49–50
Royal Newfoundland Regiment, 38, 39, 49, 356–8
Beaumont Hamel, 357
Royal North-West Mounted Police (RNWMP), 286, 288–9
Royal Society of Canada, 29, 304, 315
Royal Welsh Fusiliers, 41
Russell, R.B., 284
Russian Canadians, 202, 281, 288
Salvation Army, 249
Sandwell, B.K., 323–4, 325, 328, 329, 340, 345 n.1
Saturday Night, 234, 242, 330, 424
Schreiber, Shane, B., 57
scientific research, 300–1, 307–8, 315–16
Germany, 309–10
United States, 309–10
University of Toronto, 302, 303, 304–5, 310–13, 314, 315
scientists, 300, 314–15. See also scientific research
Scott, W.L., 178
separation allowance (SA): administrative problems, 201–3, 208, 211, 215–17
Appeals Board, 215–16
criteria 203–4, 207–9, 211–13, 217
numbers, 214–15
rates, 199, 209, 216–17, 220. See also Canadian Patriotic Fund
Service, Robert W., 44
Shehyn, Joseph, 101
shell shock. See casualties
Shipman, Ernest, 342
Shortt, Adam, 304
Siegfried, André, 104
Sifton, Arthur, 380, 381, 382, 390, 393, 401
international civil aviation, 396
Sime, Georgina, 162
Six Nations Council, 251–2
Skelton, O.D., 242–3
Smith, Clarence, 217
Smuts, Jan Christian, 77, 387, 389, 398, 400
socialists, 275, 281–4, 287, 289
Société Saint-Jean-Baptiste, 106
Soldiers’ and Sailors’ Wives Association, 219
Soldiers’ Wives Leagues, 218
Somme, Battle of the, 49–50
Sorokin, Piotr, 84
Speakers’ Patriotic League, 235–6
Squires, Richard, 368
Staines, David, 78
St Eloi, Battle of, 46–7
St John’s Ambulance, 205
St Julien, 42
Stokes mortar, 45
Strachan, Hew, 89
Stead, Robert, 4
strike activities. See labour movement; women at work: labour unrest
Strong-Boag, Veronica, 183–4
suffrage. See women
Swettenham, John, 40
Taft, Robert A., 103
Telegraph (Waterloo), 240
temperance. See Woman’s Christian Temperance Union
Terraine, John, 56
Thistle, Mel, 308
Thorn, Deborah, 164
Toronto Telegram, 255, 282, 285
Trades and Labour Congress (TLC), 171, 232
Travers, Tim, 57
Treaty of Versailles, 57, 393–4, 401. See also Paris Peace Conference
Tremblay, Thomas, 117, 120, 127
Triple Entente, 96, 97, 103, 106
Tupper, Sir Charles Hibbert, 83, 219
Turkish Canadians, 253, 259, 272, 276. See also enemy aliens; internment
Turner, F.M., 314
Turner, Brig. R.E.W, 43, 46, 47
Ukrainian Canadians, 81, 257–8, 282, 284, 287–90, 381
Ukrainian Labor News, 287
union activity. See labour movement; women at work: labour unrest
United Farmers of Ontario (UFO), 244–5
United States of America, 51, 102–4, 115, 122, 300–1, 305–6, 313–14, 390, 398
League of Nations, 385. See also isolationism
Unity League, 125–6
urbanization, 144
Valcartier, Que., 37–8, 196, 200–2
Valenciennes, 56
Vance, Jonathan F., 11–12, 13, 78, 87, 90, 159
Vanier, Georges, 46, 117, 120, 127
Varsity (Toronto), 260
Venereal Diseases Act, 179–80
Verdun, 46
veterans, 78, 83, 220, 259–60, 282
farm allotments, 251
return to work, 282
violence against immigrants, 259, 282–4. See also Great War Veterans’ Association
Victory Loan Campaigns, 82, 235–6, 419
Vimy Ridge, 44, 48, 51–2, 57, 70, 82, 419
Ward, Lt. Col. W.R., 200–1, 205
War Measures Act, 276.
war memorials, 4, 42, 57, 409–10, 411, 416, 417–18, 421–5. See also death and mourning
Wartime Elections Act, 80, 83, 90, 176, 217, 238, 258. See also election of 1917
Weekly Sun (Ontario), 244
Canadian Patriotic Fund, 214, 218
conscription, 232
internment, 278
school language rights, 107, 112
Wartime Elections Act, 238
women, 165–6, 172, 219. See also enemy aliens; farmers; immigrant workers; immigrants; prairies; Royal North-West Mounted Police
Western Front, 51, 54–5, 113, 213, 242, 272
Westminster, 101
Whitaker, Denis, 62–3
Whitaker, Shelagh, 62–3
White, Sir Thomas, 87, 380, 385, 387, 391
Whitney, J.R.B., 249
Willison, Sir John, 84
Willms, A.M., 90
Willson, Beckles, 324, 325, 328
Wilson, Woodrow, 51, 57, 77, 80, 382, 384, 390, 391, 399
Fourteen Points, 398
Winnipeg Free Press, 380
Winnipeg General Strike, 9, 272, 284–5, 291
Winnipeg Telegram, 284
Woman’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU), 175–6, 179, 328, 359–60
women: ethnicity, 8, 9, 158, 250, 328
morality, 160, 175–181, 206, 217
political appointment, 177
social class, 158, 160–3, 165, 167–8, 170, 172, 174–8, 180–1, 183–4, 218
suffrage, 80, 162–3, 351, 359–60
Women’s Party, 381. See also Canadian Patriotic Fund; Imperial Order Daughters of the Empire; National Council of Women; Next-of-Kin Associations; Soldiers’ and Sailors’ Wives Association; Soldiers’ Wives Leagues; Wartime Elections Act; Women’s Institute
clerical, 165, 169–70, 184, 215
end of war, 182
farm workers, 173–5, 221, 234–5
labour unrest, 170–4, 182, 291
munitions, 157, 162, 164–5, 168–71, 177
prairies, 168, 172, 174, 182, 219
Ontario, 234–5
Quebec, 167
reaction to, 171
resistance to, 166
volunteer activity, 176, 180, 182, 214, 231, 250, 252
western Canada, 165–6, 172. See also
Mathers Royal Commission; YWCA
Women’s Canadian Club, 214
Women’s Century, 159, 177, 182, 183
Women’s Institute, 328
Women’s Labour League, 219
Women’s Patriotic Association (WPA), (Newfoundland), 360–1, 363
Women’s Volunteer Reserve, 182
Women’s War Conference, 159, 174, 176
Women’s War Registry, 168
Woodsworth, James S., 288
Workman, Mark, 280
Wrigley, Chris, 148
Wrong, George, 84–6, 91, 248, 380
YMCA, 249
Young Men’s Christian Association. See YMCA
Young Women’s Christian Association. See YWCA
casualties, 42, 43, 47, 49, 117
Ypres, 3rd Battle of. See Passchen-daele