Page numbers in boldface refer to images and/or captions.
B
Baker, S. Josephine, 10, 73, 140, 155
career
New York City Department of
Health, 70, 71, 73, 73, 106, 135, 135–136, 137, 152, 159
private medical practice, 68–69, 69, 71
education, 67
“Typhoid Mary” case, 64–65, 73–77, 81, 87, 106, 118–119, 129, 158
Bensel, Walter, 65, 71, 74, 76, 81, 82, 84, 92
Biggs, Hermann, 60, 64–65, 65, 71, 87, 106, 159
Bowne family, 52, 53, 56, 57, 59, 60, 73, 75–76, 93, 152, 159
Briehof, A., friend of Mary Mallon, 58, 94, 104, 118
C
Cornell University, 18, 26–28, 30, 32, 35–36, 40–43, 64, 158
infirmary, 23–24, 25, 26–28, 29, 30, 31, 158
Schurman, Jacob, 28, 30, 30, 31, 40, 43
typhoid victims, 23–24, 25, 26–28, 27, 29, 30–32, 31, 35, 38–39, 40–43, 41.
See also Carnegie, Andrew
D
Darlington, Thomas, 92–93, 105, 109
E
Erlanger, Mitchell, 103–105
F
Ferguson Laboratories, 95, 102, 104
G
Galveston, Texas, hurricane, 32, 33, 34, 152
General Slocum disaster, 88, 89
Goldwater, Sigismund S., 118, 119, 122
I
Ithaca (New York) typhoid
outbreak, 18, 23–32, 34–36, 38–43, 64, 121, 143, 152, 157–158
newspaper reports, 23, 24, 25, 27, 28, 30–32, 34, 36, 39, 41, 157
victims, 23–24, 25, 26–28, 31, 35–36, 38–40, 42–43
water supply, 24, 24, 26, 30, 36, 36, 38, 40–42, 158.
See also Cornell University;
Soper, George
K
Koch, Robert, 11, 20, 54, 61, 61, 63, 152
L
Lederle, Ernst, 108–109
M
Mallon, Mary, 10, 53–54, 56–60, 63, 87, 96, 100, 104, 113, 123, 127, 132–133, 135, 140, 142, 154–155, 158–159
aliases, 84, 120. See also “Typhoid Mary” name
capture, 8–9, 73–77, 92, 104, 106, 116–118, 152–153
court hearing, 94, 98–104, 153
laboratory tests, 65, 80–81, 85, 89, 95, 101–102, 104, 116, 122
lawsuit against New York City, 109–110, 153
life on North Brother Island, 88–89, 91, 91, 92, 93–94, 94, 99–102, 105–106, 121, 121–124, 126, 127, 128, 131, 153
medical treatment, 83, 89, 91, 93, 108, 126, 128
newspaper reports, 84, 96, 97–100, 99, 100, 104, 104–106, 119–120, 122, 129, 153
victims, 44, 46, 51–53, 59–60, 60, 97, 99, 114, 115, 120–121, 130, 152–153
work history, 48–53, 50, 56–57, 79, 109, 111, 116, 120–121, 124, 153
N
New York City, New York, 8–13, 31, 34, 44, 45, 46, 50, 51–52, 57, 69, 70, 74, 79, 109, 113, 120–121, 121, 127, 128, 134, 159
Department of Health, 35, 60, 60, 65, 71, 74, 135, 137, 152, 158–159
bacteriology laboratory, 65, 79, 80–81, 89, 101, 103
legal powers, 75, 85, 87, 101–103, 110
See also Baker, S. Josephine;
Bensel, Walter;
Biggs, Hermann;
Darlington, Thomas;
Goldwater, Sigismund S.;
Lederle, Ernst;
Mallon, Mary;
Park, William
diseases, 18, 54, 65, 69, 70, 71, 73, 85, 87, 92–93, 110, 124, 130–131, 136
healthy typhoid carriers, 82, 91–93, 108, 122–124, 126, 130–132
See also Riverside Hospital;
Sloane Hospital for
Women; Willard Parker
Hospital
sanitation, 12, 54, 66, 73, 110, 124, 134
New York State government, 85, 101, 124, 138, 149
Department of Health, 32, 34, 65, 130–131
Supreme Court, 94, 98–99, 101–105, 153
North Brother Island (New York City), 87–89, 89, 91, 91, 92, 93–94, 97–101, 105–106, 109, 118, 121, 121–124, 126, 127, 128, 131, 136, 138, 138, 153, 154–155, 159
O
O’Neill, George Francis, 95, 97–98, 102, 109–110, 118
outhouses (privies), 12, 15, 16, 18, 36, 36, 39–41, 47, 54, 73, 111, 112
Oyster Bay, New York, 44, 45, 46–49, 52, 63, 152
P
Park, William, 79, 80–81, 92, 95, 97, 110
privies. See outhouses
R
Riverside Hospital, 87, 89, 93, 98, 110, 122–124, 126, 127, 128, 131, 136, 138, 138, 153
Roosevelt, Theodore, 44, 45, 146, 149
S
Salmonella Typhi, 133, 140–141, 143
effect on human body, 4, 20–22, 21, 63, 142
history, 19–20
Schurman, Jacob. See Cornell University
Sedgwick, William, 11, 15, 15, 44
Sloane Hospital for Women, 114, 116, 121, 153
Soper, George, 12
career, 9, 13, 17, 32, 34–35, 46, 60, 64, 122–123, 134–135, 140, 152–153
Ithaca (New York) typhoid
outbreak, 18, 32, 34, 34–43, 36, 46–47, 58–59, 64, 152, 157
“Typhoid Mary” case, 46–54, 56–60, 60, 63, 73, 79, 81, 84–85, 97, 101, 103, 110, 119–121, 123, 129, 133–135, 152, 154–155, 157–159
Spanish-American War, 61, 62, 152
T
tuberculosis, 11, 13, 19, 61, 65, 87, 89, 118, 124, 135, 136, 151
cause. See Salmonella Typhi
diagnosis, 22, 58, 77, 81, 95, 104, 139
fatality rate, 13, 16, 18, 54, 92–93, 124, 138–139
healthy carriers, 54, 61, 63, 83, 85, 91, 106, 108, 111, 113, 115, 119, 124, 126, 132, 140–142
discovery by Koch, 61, 63, 152.
See also Mallon, Mary;
New York City: healthy
typhoid carriers
incidence, 13, 18, 54, 91, 106, 124, 139, 156
outbreaks, 17–18, 61, 62, 66, 110, 122–123, 130–132, 140, 142–143, 156, 157.
See also Ithaca (New York)
typhoid outbreak;
Mallon, Mary: victims
prevention
hand-washing, 39, 49, 57, 85, 109, 119, 139, 141, 144
milk pasteurization, 111, 124, 151
sewage, safe disposal of, 17–18, 39–41, 111, 112, 124, 138, 143
vaccine, 113, 113–114, 124, 134, 135, 139–140, 143, 151, 153, 156
water purification, 17, 20, 24, 24.
See also water: chlorination;
water: filtration
symptoms, 4, 15–17, 19, 21, 21–23, 28, 30, 46
food, 13, 15, 26, 47–49, 57, 73, 97, 108, 111, 114, 115, 122–124, 131–132, 139, 141–143
milk, 15, 47, 100, 111, 124, 130
water. See water: as source of typhoid bacteria
treatment, 17, 83, 89, 91, 93, 126, 140–142, 153, 156
famous, 146–149.
See also Cornell
University; Ithaca (New
York) typhoid outbreak;
Mallon, Mary: victims
“Typhoid Mary” name, 96, 97, 99, 105, 109, 115, 116, 118, 119, 122, 135, 143
See also Mallon, Mary
U
U.S. Public Health Service, 95, 108, 108, 111
W
water
as source of typhoid bacteria, 13, 15, 16, 17–18, 20, 24, 24, 26, 30, 36, 36, 38, 40–41, 54, 66, 73, 81, 100, 110, 124, 139, 140, 143, 151–152
chlorination, 110–111, 138, 143
filtration, 13, 24, 38, 41–42, 66, 110, 138