Index

Page numbers in italics indicate tables.

A

accessibility of site, 3637

acrylic glazing, 50, 54

Add-On Solar Greenhouses and Sunspaces (Shapiro), 93, 154

A-frame greenhouse design, 111

agriculture. See commercial greenhouses

Agrilab Technologies, 233

air circulation, 104105

air exchanges, 6970, 150153

air infiltration, 70

Allen, Will, 3839, 227

altitude of sun, 3334

aluminum frame construction, 124, 130131

angle, 62

animals, 259260

aquaculture, in parabolic greenhouse, 6667

Aquaponic Gardening (Bernstein), 284, 285

aquaponics

about, 281284

electrical loads, 252254

fish choice, 288289

fish tank heating, 286288

in geodesic dome greenhouse, 120121

greenhouse design and, 284286

solar hot water system and, 38, 215218

temperature regulation, 289292

arched greenhouse design, 115117

architects, 127

area of incidence, 6061

argon-gas-filled windows, 56

aspect ratios, 3031

attached greenhouses, 145157

attic fans, 88, 100101

Avis, Rob and Michelle, 25, 223

azimuth, 34

B

backdraft dampers, 151152

backfill materials, 205

backup heaters, 207208, 235

Ball Redbook: Crop Production, 46

Barnhart, Earle, 18

barrels, 176178

batteries, 248249

bees, 261

Benson Institute, 162

Berman, Sara, 216

Bernstein, Sylvia, 284, 285

Bigelow Brook Farm, 120121, 223

biomass heating systems. See compost heat recovery; rocket mass heaters

BioPCM, 184186

blown-in insulation, 84

Brace Institute, 8

Bright Agrotech, 283

Brock, Adam, 290

Brown, Gaelan, 233

building materials, volumetric heat capacity, 174

C

carbon dioxide, 103

caulk, 140

cedar, 140

Central Rocky Mountain Permaculture Institute, 196

Cheyenne Botanic Gardens, 189

chickens, 259260

China, greenhouse food production, 14

Chinese greenhouse design, 115117

Chiras, Dan, 3, 246

climate

glazing angle and, 62

glazing-to-insulation ratio, 48

greenhouse design and, 22

orientation and, 31

types of light, 47

Climate Batteries, 196

cob greenhouses, 133135

Coleman, Eliot, 20, 57, 270

Colley, Tim, 143

Colorado Aquaponics, 290291

commercial greenhouses

dimensions, 31

DLI levels, 45

economics of, 1415

energy use, 810

hydroponics, 280

orientation, 30

trends in, 1517

commercial soils, 264

compact fluorescent light bulbs (CFLs), 297298

composite sidings, 138139

compost, 262264

compost heat recovery, 3839, 225228, 232233, 234

Compost Power Network, 229

compost water heaters, 229230, 234

concrete

blocks, 167

piers, 136

retaining walls, 166

walls and footer, 136

condensation, 104, 138

conduction, 69, 173

construction

aluminum frame kit, 130131

caulk and vapor barriers, 140

foundations, 135138

natural building, 133135

pole barn, 128130

sidings and finishes, 138140

SIPs, 131133

steel frame, 131

summary, 124

wood frame, 125128

containers for thermal mass, 176178

contractors, 128

controlled environment agriculture (CEA), 1517

convection, 70

cooling

about, 88

for passive solar greenhouses, 239

summary of methods, 88, 234

See also ventilation

Cornell University, 9

cross-quarter days, 270271

Cruickshank, John, 196

curtains, 7475

D

daily light integral (DLI), 22, 36, 44

DC (direct current) electricity production, 244

dehumidifiers, 102

density, 173

design

for aquaponics, 284286

climate and, 22

floor plans, 257259

goals, 2326

integration of other uses, 259261

orientation, 2932

site, 3337

See also greenhouse geometries

dimensions, orientation and, 3031

drainage, 168

drywall, 138

E

earth, as heat storage. See ground-to-air heat transfer system

earth tubes, 196

earth-sheltered greenhouses, 162168

See also underground greenhouses

The Earth-Sheltered Solar Greenhouse Book (Oehler), 164

Ecotope greenhouse, 6667

electrical wiring, 239241

See also power

elevation of sun, 3334

engineers, 127

ETFE (ethylene tetrafluoroethylene) glazing, 5758

exhaust fans, 88, 96101, 152153

expanded polystyrene (EPS) foam board, 83

extruded polystyrene (XPS) foam board, 81

F

Falk, Ben, 230, 259

fans

for air circulation, 104105

electrical loads, 251252

exhaust, 9698, 152153

in GAHT system, 198200

options, 88

sizing, 98100

solar powered, 100101

fiber cement siding, 138139

fiberglass glazing, 54

fiberglass insulation, 82

fiberglass panels, 139140

finishes, 138140

fish, 288289

Fisher, Rick, 106

floor plans, 257259

Flourish Farms, 290291

The Food and Heat Producing Solar Greenhouse (Yanda, Fisher), 106

foot-candles, 43

The Forest Garden Greenhouse (Osentowski), 196, 267268

foundations, 135138

G

gable roof greenhouse design, 113114

galvanized steel frames, 124, 131

Garden Pool, 160

geodesic dome greenhouse design, 117119, 120121

geothermal heat pumps, 192

glass glazing, 50, 5456

glazing

angle of, 5863, 110, 295296

insulating, 7378

light spectrum and, 42

placement, 4748

shade cloth, 6465

glazing materials

comparison, 50

evaluation of, 4952

glass, 5456

plastic films, 5658

rigid plastics, 5254

using multiple types, 6364

glazing-to-insulation ratio, 4748, 74, 110

goals, 2326

Golden Hoof Farm, 230, 252253

Gould, Coby, 290

Green Center, 18, 179180

Green Machine, 232233

greenhouse construction

caulk and vapor barriers, 140

foundations, 135138

method options, 124, 125135

sidings and finishes, 138140

greenhouse geometries

choices, 109110

glazing angle and, 62

glazing minimization, 74

style choices, 111119

greenhouses

attached, 145157

earth-sheltered, 162168

history of, 1113

traditional design, 34

underground, 159162

See also commercial greenhouses

greenhouses, solar

categories of, 2022

design principles, 46

effectiveness of, 68

need for, 810

grid-tied PV systems, 243, 245

grid-tied with battery backup PV systems, 243, 246

ground-source heat pumps, 192

ground-to-air heat transfer (GAHT) systems

components, 196197

design, 198202

electrical loads, 251252

functions of, 192194

heat storage process, 194195

history of, 196

humidity and, 102

installation, 202206

performance, 206208

summary, 234

GrowHaus, 290291

Growing Power, 17, 3839, 227

Growing Zone map, 22

H

heat capacity, 173

heat control, in attached greenhouse, 153154

heat loss, sources of, 6970

heat recovery ventilators (HRVs), 88, 101102, 155

heat storage. See ground-to-air heat transfer system; thermal mass

heaters, backup, 207208, 235

heating systems

for aquaponics, 286288, 289290

for passive solar greenhouses, 239

PV system supplement, 247248

summary, 234

using solar panels, 241

See also compost heat recovery; ground-to-air heat transfer system; rocket mass heaters; solar hot water; thermal mass

high intensity discharge (HID) lights, 298

hillside sites, 37

horizontal underground insulation, 8081

hot beds, 227228

hothouses, 21

How to Build Your Own Greenhouse (Marshall), 228, 240, 275

humidistats, 154

humidity, 103104, 153155

hydroponics, 279281, 283

I

infrared light, 42

insects, 261, 266267, 272274

Insulated Concrete Forms (ICFs), 137138, 167

Insulated Glazing Units (IGUs), 55

insulation

of glazing, 7378

minimum levels, 85

for thermal mass function, 175

of thermal mass materials, 173

underground, 7882

walls and roof, 8284

intake shutters, 96101, 152153

integrated design, 259261

integrated pest management, 266267

irrigation systems, 275277

J

Jackson, Leslie, 224

Jasper Hill Farm, 232233

K

kilowatt hours (kWh), 250

kits

greenhouse, 124, 130131

hydroponic systems, 281

solar panels, 243244, 243

L

lead-acid batteries, 248

LEDs (light-emitting diodes), 298

light

angle of glazing and, 5863

greenhouse design and, 22

low light growing strategies, 4546

measurement of, 4344

plant use of, 4142

types of, 47

light meters, 35, 3637

light spectrum use by plants, 4142

light-emitting diodes (LEDs), 298

lighting

for passive solar greenhouses, 239

types of, 297298

use of, 297

LightScout DLI meter, 36

lithium-ion batteries, 248249

living areas, 261

Lovins, Amory, 156157

low-e windows, 50, 56

M

magnesium oxide (MgO) boards, 139

magnesium oxide (MgO) SIPs, 133

magnetic field calculators, 32

Maingay, Hilde, 18

Mann, Billy, 215, 217218

marine-grade plywood, 140

Marshall, Roger, 228, 240, 275

masonry, as thermal mass, 178179

McLung, Dennis, 160

Mediterranean greenhouses, 21

metal panels, 139140

mineral wool batt insulation, 82

motorized window openers, 96

moveable insulation, 7478

N

natural building methods, 124, 133135

New Alchemy Institute, 18, 179180

north wall, reflection, 110

O

Oehler, Mike, 164

off-grid PV systems, 243, 246249

orientation, 2932

oriented strand board (OSB), 138

Osentowski, Jerome, 196, 267268

P

Pain, Jean, 229

parabolic greenhouse, 6667

Parmenter, Penn and Cord, 9293, 106107, 177

passive air exchange, 151

passive solar greenhouses, 5, 237239

passive thermal mass. See thermal mass

passive vents, 8995, 151152

Patrick, Jesse, 163

perimeter insulation, 7882

permanent shutters, 7677

permits, 40

pest management, 266267, 272274

phase change material (PCM), 181188, 234

photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) light, 4142

photovoltaic panels. See solar photovoltaic (PV) panels

pipes, in GAHT system, 198204

pitch, 62

The Plant, 1617

plant factories, 1516

plants

light spectrum use, 4142

low light growing strategies, 4546

measuring light for, 44

plans, 264268

schedules, 268271

temperature ranges, 293294

plastic films, 50, 5658

plastics, rigid, 5254

Plexiglas, 54

plywood, 138, 140

pole barn construction, 124, 128130, 165166

polycarbonate glazing, 50, 5254

polyethylene glazing, 50, 5657

polyisocyanurate rigid foam board, 83

pop-in shutters, 75

post and beam construction, 124, 128130, 165166

power

aquaponic greenhouses, 291292

grid connection, 239241

options, 237

passive solar greenhouses and, 237239

solar PV, 241254

pressure-treated wood, 139

PV panels. See solar photovoltaic (PV) panels

R

R&H Unlimited, 214

Raeven, Susanna, 163

rainwater collection, 274

Raven Crest Botanicals, 163

resistive heating, 241

rigid foam board insulation, 81, 8284

rigid plastics, 5254

Robinson, Jeremiah, 287

rocket mass heaters, 219224, 234

Rocket Mass Heaters (Jackson), 224

roof

glazing materials, 64

insulation, 84, 175

as overhang, 153

Roper, L. David, 143

row covers, 20

R-values, 49, 7073, 85

S

The Sage School, 216218

salt box roof greenhouse design, 114115

Sawyer, JD and Tawnya, 280, 290

screens, 272

season extension, 1922

shade cloth, 6465

shadow evaluation, 3436

Shapiro, Andrew, 93, 154

shed roof greenhouse design, 111113

shutters, 7578

siding, 138140

sill plates, 140141

single-pane glass, 55

site, 3337, 149

sitting areas, 261

SketchUp, 3637

slab on grade, 136

sloped sites, 37

Smith, Henry Gordon, 281

Smith, Shane, 189

snow loads, glazing angle and, 63

soil building, 261265

solar greenhouses

categories of, 2022

design principles, 46

effectiveness of, 68

need for, 810

See also greenhouse geometries; greenhouses

solar hot water

with aquaponics, 216218

collectors, 213

design, 211213

pros and cons, 211

storage tanks, 214215

summary, 234

solar path, 3334

Solar Path Finder, 37

solar photovoltaic (PV) panels

grid-tied, 245

grid-tied with battery backup, 246

integration of, 241243

kits, 243244

off-grid, 246249

sizing the system, 249254

summary, 243

solar vent fans, 88, 100101

solar vent openers, 88, 89, 9394

solar-powered exhaust fans, 88, 100101

south orientation, variations, 3132

Starek, Alice and Karel, 230, 252253

steel frames, 124, 131

stick frame construction, 124, 125126, 128

Straub, Davis, 6667

straw bale greenhouses, 133135

structural engineers, 127

structurally insulated panels (SIPs), 124, 131133

Subterranean Heating and Cooling Systems (SHCS), 196

summer heating

glazing angle and, 62

glazing materials, 64

shade cloth, 6465

sun

orientation and, 2932

shadow evaluation, 3436

solar path, 3334

Sustainable Business Industry Council, 178

swimming pool greenhouse, 160

T

temperature

greenhouse design and, 1922

heat control, 6970, 153154

plant ranges, 293294

regulation in aquaponics, 289292

Tesla Powerwall, 248249

thermal expansion, 51

thermal mass

about, 171172

characteristics of, 173174

masonry, 178179

phase change material, 181188

pros and cons, 181

size determination, 179180

summary, 234

water, 175178

thermostats, 100, 152, 197, 206

Thompson, Michael, 196

3D modeling programs, 3637

Torcellini, Rob, 120121, 223

Tower Garden, 283

translucency, 51

transparency, 51

transpiration, 103

tropical greenhouses, 21

U

ultraviolet light, 42

underground greenhouses, 159162

underground insulation, 7882

urban food production, 16

US Environmental Protection Agency, 139

USDA, 22, 280

U-values, 49, 73

V

vapor barriers, 140, 154

ventilation

air circulation, 104105

for attached greenhouse, 150153

electrical loads, 251253

exhaust fans, 96101

humidity, 103104

importance of, 8788

location of, 9091, 93

motorized window openers, 96

for passive solar greenhouses, 106107, 238239

passive vents, 8995

season-specific strategies, 101103

sizing the area, 9495

Verge Permaculture, 25, 223

vertical growing systems, 17, 282283

vertical underground insulation, 80

volumetric heat capacity, 173, 174

W

walipinis, 162

walls

concrete, 136, 166

insulation, 8284

water

irrigation systems, 275277

supplying the greenhouse, 274275

as thermal mass, 175178

water, solar heated

with aquaponics, 216218

collectors, 213

design, 211213

pros and cons, 211

storage tanks, 214215

summary, 234

water heaters, compost, 229230, 243

watts, 44, 250

Weekes, Harry, 216, 218

wicking beds, 276277

WindowFarms, 281

winter growing, low light strategies, 4546

The Winter Harvest Handbook (Coleman), 270

wood frame construction, 124, 125126, 128

worms, 260

Y

Yanda, Bill, 106, 152

YMCA/Roper greenhouse, 143

Z

ZipGrow Towers, 283