Index

agriculture, 88–96

linen trade, 118–120, 179–180, 189–203

see also farms

Ahoghill, Co Antrim, 151, 204

Antrim, 204

Armagh, 41, 100, 112, 147, 150, 155, 215–217

linen hall, 69

market, 206, 215–7

Armagh, County, 7–22, 92–93, 106–15, 190

Armaghs, 212

stout, 206

Arvagh, Co Cavan, 152, 207

Aughnacloy, Co Tyrone, 212

Ballibay (Ballybay), Co Monaghan, 212

Ballihays (Ballyhaise), Co Cavan, 207

Ballinagh (Ballynagh), Co Cavan, 207

Ballybofay (Ballybofey), Co Donegal, 208

Ballyclare, 205

Ballyconnell, Co Cavan, 207

Ballydugan, Co Down, 158–178

Ballymena, Co Antrim, 65

linen hall, 69

market, 15, 204

Ballymoney, Co Antrim, 43, 151, 205

Ballymote, Co Sligo, 66

Ballynahinch, Co Down, 142

linen hall, 69

market, 53–54, 209

Banbridge, 15, 31, 53–54, 122, 137, 147, 149

linen hall, 69

market, 208

beetling, 54, 119, 138

Belfast, 141–143, 149, 155

brown linen hall, 69, 147, 148

exports in 17th century, 11

market, 205

white linen hall, 56, 78

Belturbet, Co Cavan, 64

market, 207

bleachers, 14, 23–37, 55–56, 118, 137, 138–140

bleachgreens, 14, 16, 205, 206, 207, 210, 211, 212, 213

bleaching

methods, 23–37, 54, 180–184, 185–188

seasonal, 39, 41–42, 55, 139, 148

bleach-mills, 67, 186–188

Bleary, Co Down, 158–178

Bradshaw, James, 26, 27, 30, 64

Brookeborough, Co Fermanagh, 210

Brownlow

Arthur, 8, 13, 34, 62, 72, 107

William, 35–6, 70, 71, 74–75, 81, 112

estate, 15, 21, 33, 61, 107

Callidon (Caledon), Co Tyrone, 41, 212

cambric, 65, 149, 160, 167

canals, 72–73, 96

capital, sources of, 15–16, 31, 61, 93

Castleblayney, Co Monaghan, 212

Castlefin, Co Donegal, 208

Castlewillan (Castlewellan), Co Down, 209

Catholics, 102–4, 108–11, 113–5

Cavan, county, 82, 207

Christy, John, 26, 28–29, 31

Clare, Co Down, 158–178

Clarkson, Leslie, 133, 155, 156

Clones, Co Monaghan, 212, 215

Coleraine, 43, 63, 69, 151

market, 211

Coleraines, 63, 151, 211, 214

communications, development of canals, 72–73

Newry Navigation, 96

roads, 96–97

Convoy, Co Donegal, 208

Cookstown, Co Tyrone, 68

linen hall, 69

market, 151, 212

Cootehill, Co Cavan, 27, 41, 62–63

Cootehill market, 152, 207, 215

cottiers, 80, 82–83, 91, 136, 190, 198

Covenanters, 61

Crommelin, Louis, 8, 18–21, 24–27, 62, 134

Cullen, Louis, 4, 59, 106, 110, 115

Cunningham, Waddell, 31

Defenders, 103, 106–115

Donnelly, James, 171, 177

Downpatrick, Co Tyrone

linen hall, 69

market, 209

drapers, 14, 16, 23–37, 38–48, 55, 134, 139

Dromore, Co Down, 143, 209

Dublin, 12, 34–6

linen hall, 56, 57, 134, 157

Dundalk, 65

Dungannon, Co Tyrone, 39, 41, 44, 106, 137, 149, 151

Convention, 100, 112

linen hall, 69

market, 42, 43, 213

Dungiven, Co Londonderry, 210

Dunmanaway, Co Cork, 66

economy, political

linen industry, 86–104

English settlers, 8, 9, 11, 17, 107

Enniskillen, Co Fermanagh, 64

market, 151, 210

exports, 10, 11, 22, 87, 117

family/household structure, 122–126, 190

farmers, in linen industry, 15, 39, 88, 106, 114, 152–153, 189

farms, size of 1766, 94, 1861, 163

Fintona, Co Tyrone, 151, 213

Fivemiletown, Co Tyrone, 151, 213

flax

improvement of seed, 179–180

processing of, 50–52, 119–121

flying shuttle, 53, 124, 128–131, 167

freeholds, 67

Gailey, Alan, 176

Gilford, Co Down, 31, 112

Gill, Conrad, 2, 8, 21, 24, 33, 59, 133, 135–142

Gracehill, Co Antrim, 128

Gray, John, 115

Green, ERR, 3, 8, 15, 59, 144

Greer, John, 204–214

Greer, Thomas, 17, 39–48, 74, 76, 140

Greg, Thomas, 31

handloom weaving, 158–178

Hearth Money Rolls, 107

Hearts

of Oak, 96, 112

of Steel, 96, 112

Hillsborough, Co Down, 65, 68

market, 209

Hincks, William, prints of, 50–57

Hoope, Robert, 13, 17, 34–36

house construction, 172–177

household/family structure, 122–126, 190

Huguenots, 8, 9, 17, 24, 62

influence on linen industry, 18–21

import duties, abolition of, 22, 30, 39

Keady, Co Armagh, 43, 206

keelmen, 215–17

Kilkeel, Co Down, 209

Killishandra, Co Cavan, 152, 207

Kilrea, Co Londonderry, 211

Kircubbin, Co Down

linen hall, 69

market, 209

Kirk, Mr, of Keady, 215–217

Lagan

canal, 73

valley, 7–22

lag[g]ans, 152, 208

landowners, Ulster, 58–85

Lawrence, Col Richard, 9, 10, 12, 60

leases, 14, 67, 81, 90, 108, 110, 113, 125, 190

popish, 108

Letterkenny, Co Donegal, 152, 208

Limavady, Co Londonderry

linen hall, 69

market, 151, 211

Linen Board, 2, 20, 22, 25, 26, 43, 52, 53, 54, 56, 59, 64, 65, 70, 71, 73–79, 84,100, 113, 114, 121, 140, 144–145, 147, 151, 154, 185, 204

report to, by Mr Kirk, 215–217

linendrapers see drapers

linen halls, 69, 134

linen industry

development of, 8, 39, 58–85, 117, 133–156

English settlers, 8, 9, 11, 17, 107

exports, 10, 11, 22, 87, 117

factories, 65–66

import duties, abolition of, 22, 30, 39

landowners, 58–85

markets, 12, 39, 42–45, 97–98, 118, 133, 144, 146, 204–14, 215–17

brown linen, 53, 54, 139, 149, 155

Cootehill, 63, 207

Lisburn, 11, 205

Lurgan, 11, 62, 205

numbers employed, 1901, 163

origins of, 8–22

political economy of, 86–104

Scottish settlers, 8, 9, 107

technology, 19, 22, 24, 26, 27, 30–31, 54, 128–131, 186

linen triangle, 80, 84, 90, 102, 106–115, 136, 149, 152, 154

Lisburn, 11, 17, 18, 21, 25, 31, 62, 66, 106, 122, 131, 134, 135, 137, 147, 149

linen hall, 69

market, 205

Londonderry, 69, 98

market, 151, 210

Lurgan, 8, 11–18, 24, 26, 34, 61, 62, 66, 67, 122, 137, 149, 160

market, 205

market house, 69

Macartney, ‘Black’ George, 12

machine (Swiss) embroidery, school of, 168, 170

Magennis estate, 11

Maghera, Co Londonderry, 170, 211

Magherafelt, Co Londonderry, 211

Maguire’s Bridge, Co Fermanagh, 210

markets 97–8, 139–41, 204–14, 215

see also linen industry

Marshall, John, 143

McCall, Hugh, 21, 79, 131, 137

manufactories, 18–21, 65–66

Miller, David, 106, 108, 113

Monaghan, 41, 63

market, 211, 215

Moneymore, Co Londonderry, 41, 211, 213

Moravians, 128, 131

Moy, Co Tyrone, 213

Newry, Co Down, 137, 149

brown linen hall, 69

linen manufacture, 106

market, 208

Navigation, 96

white linen hall, 56, 78

Newtownlimavady, Co Londonderry, 211

Newtownstewart, Co Tyrone, 151, 212

Nicholson, John, 16, 26, 28, 31, 32, 34, 36

Omagh, Co Tyrone, 83

Orange Order, 103, 106, 115

parish registers, 9, 17

Peep O’Day Boys, 115

political economy, 98–104

popish leases, 108

population density

1766, 94

1841, 190

1864, 161

Portaferry, Co Down, 209

Portglenone, Co Antrim, 151, 204

Protestants, 102–104, 108–111

putting-out, 133, 154, 167, 177

Quakers, 8, 14, 17, 18, 21–22, 24, 26, 34–6, 40, 61

Randalstown, Co Antrim, 204

Rathfriland, Co Down, 66

linen hall, 69

market, 209

Rathmilton (Ramelton), Co Donegal, 152, 208

rebellion, 100–1

Registry of Deeds, Dublin, 9, 16, 24, 31, 155

religions, distribution of, 1766, 95, 101–4, 108–9

retting, 51, 119, 180

Rich-hill, Co Armagh, 206

roads, 72, 96–97

rolling mills, 54–55, 186–188

Scottish settlers, 8, 9, 107

scutching, 51–52, 119–121

sealmasters, 76–77, 113, 118, 144–147, 215–216

Siefert, Hans, 168–170

skills, textile 1901, 166, 1911, 169

Sligo, county, 125

spinning, 52, 71, 83, 121–3, 153–154

schools, 121–122

Stephenson, Robert, 19, 25–7, 43, 46, 71

Stewartstown, Co Tyrone, 41, 151, 213

stout armaghs, 206

Strabane, Co Tyrone, 63, 69, 76, 151

canal, 73

market, 213

Stranorlan (Stranorlar), Co Donegal, 208

Swiss embroidery see machine (Swiss) embroidery

Tanderagee, Co Armagh, 206

technology, linen industry, 19, 22, 24, 26, 27, 30–31, 54, 128–131, 186

tenants, 82, 90

subleasing, 91, 164

valuation records 1864, 161–164

Turner, Thomas, 22, 26–28, 30, 34, 36, 179–184

Ulster

Folk & Transport Museum, 171

landowners, 58–85

United Irishmen, 100

valuation records 1864, 161–164

vitriol, oil of, 31

Volunteers, 99, 103, 112, 113, 115

Waring, Samuel, 8, 62, 72

Waringstown, Co Down, 8, 62, 65, 66, 136, 160

weavers, 15, 21, 39, 80’82, 89, 95, 113–114, 124, 134, 135’150, 158–178, 191

weaving, handloom, 128–131, 158–178

webs, measurement of, 45–46

cost, 46

White Linen Hall, Dublin, 56

Williamson, Robert, 143, 153–154

women, role of, 117–126

woollen trade, 117

yarn-jobbers, 138

Young, Arthur, 6, 21, 46, 72, 81–82, 119–121, 122, 123, 189