Contents

Cover

Title Page

Copyright

About the Authors

Foreword

Preface

Acknowledgements

Chapter 1: Basic Chemical and Biochemical Concepts

1.1 Chapter Overview

1.2 Energy and Chemical Reactions

1.3 Water and Hydrogen Bonds

1.4 Acids, Bases and pH

1.5 Summary of Key Concepts

Problems

References

Further Readings

Chapter 2: Cells and their Basic Building Blocks

2.1 Chapter Overview

2.2 Lipids and Biomembranes

2.3 Carbohydrates and Sugars

2.4 Amino Acids, Polypeptides and Proteins

2.5 Nucleotides, Nucleic Acids, DNA, RNA and Genes

2.6 Cells and Pathogenic Bioparticles

2.7 Summary of Key Concepts

References

Further Readings

Chapter 3: Basic Biophysical Concepts and Methods

3.1 Chapter Overview

3.2 Electrostatic Interactions

3.3 Hydrophobic and Hydration Forces

3.4 Osmolarity, Tonicity and Osmotic Pressure

3.5 Transport of Ions and Molecules across Cell Membranes

3.6 Electrochemical Gradients and Ion Distributions Across Membranes

3.7 Osmotic Properties of Cells

3.8 Probing the Electrical Properties of Cells

3.9 Membrane Equilibrium Potentials

3.10 Nernst Potential and Nernst Equation

3.11 The Equilibrium (Resting) Membrane Potential

3.12 Membrane Action Potential

3.13 Channel Conductance

3.14 The Voltage Clamp

3.15 Patch-Clamp Recording

3.16 Electrokinetic Effects

References

Chapter 4: Spectroscopic Techniques

4.1 Chapter Overview

4.2 Introduction

4.3 Classes of Spectroscopy

4.4 The Beer-Lambert Law

4.5 Impedance Spectroscopy

Problem

References

Further Readings

Chapter 5: Electrochemical Principles and Electrode Reactions

5.1 Chapter Overview

5.2 Introduction

5.3 Electrochemical Cells and Electrode Reactions

5.4 Electrical Control of Electron Transfer Reactions

5.5 Reference Electrodes

5.6 Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS)

Problems

References

Further Readings

Chapter 6: Biosensors

6.1 Chapter Overview

6.2 Introduction

6.3 Immobilisation of the Biosensing Agent

6.4 Biosensor Parameters

6.5 Amperometric Biosensors

6.6 Potentiometric Biosensors

6.7 Conductometric and Impedimetric Biosensors

6.8 Sensors Based on Antibody–Antigen Interaction

6.9 Photometric Biosensors

6.10 Biomimetic Sensors

6.11 Glucose Sensors

6.12 Biocompatibility of Implantable Sensors

References

Further Readings

Chapter 7: Basic Sensor Instrumentation and Electrochemical Sensor Interfaces

7.1 Chapter Overview

7.2 Transducer Basics

7.3 Sensor Amplification

7.4 The Operational Amplifier

7.5 Limitations of Operational Amplifiers

7.6 Instrumentation for Electrochemical Sensors

7.7 Impedance Based Biosensors

7.8 FET Based Biosensors

Problems

References

Further Readings

Chapter 8: Instrumentation for Other Sensor Technologies

8.1 Chapter Overview

8.2 Temperature Sensors and Instrumentation

8.3 Mechanical Sensor Interfaces

8.4 Optical Biosensor Technology

8.5 Transducer Technology for Neuroscience and Medicine

Problems

References

Further Readings

Chapter 9: Microfluidics: Basic Physics and Concepts

9.1 Chapter Overview

9.2 Liquids and Gases

9.3 Fluids Treated as a Continuum

9.4 Basic Fluidics

9.5 Fluid Dynamics

9.6 Navier-Stokes Equations

9.7 Continuum versus Molecular Model

9.8 Diffusion

9.9 Surface Tension

Problems

References

Further Readings

Chapter 10: Microfluidics: Dimensional Analysis and Scaling

10.1 Chapter Overview

10.2 Dimensional Analysis

10.3 Dimensionless Parameters

10.4 Applying Nondimensional Parameters to Practical Flow Problems

10.5 Characteristic Time Scales

10.6 Applying Micro- and Nano-Physics to the Design of Microdevices

Problems

References

Appendix A: SI Prefixes

Appendix B: Values of Fundamental Physical Constants

Appendix C: Model Answers for Self-study Problems

C.1 Chapter 1

C.2 Chapter 4

C.3 Chapter 5

C.4 Chapter 7

C.5 Chapter 8

C.6 Chapter 9

C.7 Chapter 10

Index