Page references in italic indicate illustrations; those in bold indicate tables.
~ A ~
ABS pipe, 82
Adapters, 117–18
Air valves, 116
Anchors, mushroom, 29
Appearance issues, 75–76
~ B ~
Backflow protection, 8, 112–14, 113
Brass pipe, 124
~ C ~
Cistern(s), 8
building a garden pond, 31–34, 32, 33
definition of, 31
filling, 35
Compression fittings, 66, 66, 68, 117–18
Connections
adapters, 117–18
air valves, 116
for backflow protection, 8, 112–14, 113
drain valves, 116
for frost protection, 115–116
glue joints, 121
pressure-reducing valves, 114–15, 114
problems to avoid, 123–24
for pump systems, 122–23
screw joints, 121
Controllers, 128
Controls and valves, selecting, 101
Copper pipe, 116
adapters for, 117–18
mistaking brass for, 124
for overhead systems, 84
Costs
of backflow protection, 113, 114
of cisterns/garden ponds, 14–16, 15, 33
of drilled wells, 24
of driven-point wells, 22
of dual-pipe jet pumps, 42
of dug wells, 23
of effluent/submersible pumps, 38
evaluating, 11–16
of municipal water systems, 19
of polybutylene (PB) piping, 15–16
of single-pipe jet pumps, 41
of submersible deep-well pumps, 42–43
of tapping into an existing system, 45
of underground systems, 6, 12–14
Covenants/restrictions, 9, 16–17
Crossthreading, 121
Deed restrictions, 16–17
Deep-well jet pumps. See Dual-pipe jet pumps
Drain valves, 116
Drip systems See also Trickle/drip system
Driven-point wells, 8
cost of, 22
driving the point, 20, 21–22, 21
equipment/supplies for, 20
finding water and, 20
pros and cons of, 22
Dual-pipe jet pumps
advantages/disadvantages of, 53
description of, 42
~ E ~
Effluent/submersible pumps, 39
advantages/disadvantages of, 53
cable length, 40
conclusions on, 41
cost of, 38
floats, 40
horsepower, 40
uses for, 39
voltage requirements, 39
water pressure in, 72
Environmental regulations, 9
~ F ~
Flow rates, pump, 44
Flux, 119
Foot valve, protection of
in moving water, 29
in ponds and lakes, 27–28, 27, 28
Foundations, making a hole in, 122
Frost/frost protection
connectors for, 115–116
durability of pipes when frozen, 102
~ G ~
Garden pond, building a, 31–34, 32, 33
Gardens
how to make the most of rainfall in, 65, 65
irrigation systems for, 74
Glue joints, 121
Gravity distribution
defined, 55
disadvantages of, 70
slotted-pipe system, 56–59, 57, 58
trickle/drip system, 64, 66–70, 66, 67, 68
Gray water, use of, 61
~ H ~
Hose bibbs, 113
Hoses
perforated water, 78–79
problems with, 4
~ I ~
In-ground cistern
getting the water to the garden, 61–62
setting up the connections, 59–60, 60
In-line protection, 113–14
Irrigation systems
code requirements, 8–9
monitoring, 128–29
planning for, 11–17
putting all the pieces together, 123
Irrigation systems, types of
mobile, 6–7
overhead, 4–5
underground, 5–6
~ J ~
Jet pumps. See Dual-pipe jet pumps; Single-pipe jet pumps
Lawns
improving water-storing ability of, 94
irrigation systems for, 74
Lawn-watering system
tee fittings, 64
~ M ~
Mobile irrigation
description of, 6–7
problems with, 7
start-up procedures, 126
Mobility issues, 74–75
Moving water
protecting the foot valve, 29
as a source of water, 28–29, 31
Municipal water systems
water pressure in, 72
~ N ~
Nozzles, 126–27
~ O ~
Overhead irrigation
appearance issues, 75–76
description of, 4–5
installation of, 5
mobility and, 74–75
start-up procedures, 126
usefulness of, 73–74
use of term, 73
Overhead irrigation systems, building
creating a wooden frame, 85–86
installing horizontal pipes, 83–85
installing piping with a wooden frame, 87
installing wooden frame, 86–87
materials list, 81
pipe frames, advantages/disadvantages of, 81
pipe versus wood frames, 81
wooden frames, advantages/disadvantages of, 85
~ P ~
Pipes, in single-pipe jet pumps
burying, 46–47
connecting to pump, 47–48
installing in the well, 46, 46
Pipes/piping
aboveground entry into houses, 122
ABS, 82
cutting into, with bad valves, 124
dirt in, 124
durability of, when frozen, 102
making a hole in the foundation for, 122
mistaking brass for copper, 124
for overhead irrigation systems, 81–82, 82, 84
polybutylene (PB), 15–16, 63, 66, 84, 104–5, 117
polyethylene (PE), 63, 66, 84, 103–4, 103, 117–18
Schedule-40, 81–82
selecting the right feed, 123–24
in submersible deep-well pumps, 51
for trickle systems, 66
for underground sprinkler systems, 101–7, 101, 102, 103, 105, 106
Planning an irrigation system
financial considerations, 11–16
frequency of use issues, 17
topography limitations, 16–17
Polybutylene (PB) pipe
connecting to copper, 117
cost of, 15–16
description of, 63
for overhead systems, 84
for trickle systems 66
working with, 104–5
Polyethylene (PE) pipe
connecting to copper, 117–18
description of, 63
for overhead systems, 84
for trickle systems 66
Ponds and lakes
estimating capacity of, 30
protecting the foot valve, 27–28, 27, 28
pump installation/system in, 26–27, 26, 27
sites for man-made, 30
as a source of water, 8, 26–28
Potable water, 19
matching rates for balanced water coverage, 96–98, 97
Pressure. See Water pressure Priming, 48
Property boundaries, 9
Pumps/pump systems
advantages/disadvantages of, comparison of, 53
combining pump duties, 43–44
dual-pipe jet, 42
effluent/submersible, 38–41, 39
flow rates, 44
selecting, 38
single-pipe jet, 27, 27, 41–42
submersible, for garden ponds, 33, 33
submersible deep-well, 42–43
sump, 38–39
tapping into an existing system, 45
water pressure in, 72–73
Pumps, installation of
second, 44–45
submersible deep-well, 50–52, 50
trench-digging tips, 47
~ R ~
Recovery rates, estimating, 44
Recycling water for irrigation
ponds and lakes, 26–28
Rivers, as a source of water, 28–31
~ S ~
Screw joints, 121
Sealants, 121
Shallow-well pumps. See Single-pipe jet pumps Single-pipe jet pumps
advantages/disadvantages of, 53
burying the pipe, 46–47
connecting pipe to pump, 47–48
installing pipe in the well, 46, 46
pressure setting, 48
priming, 48
water pressure in, 72–73
wiring, 48
Slotted-pipe system
aboveground installation, 57–58, 57
belowground installation, 58–59, 58
establishing water source, 56
installing the pipe, 56–57
laying out the pipe, 56
Sprinklers, aboveground
arc and radius adjustments, 128
arcs and saturation patterns, 78
description of, 76–79, 77, 78, 79
nozzles, changing, 126–27
toys as, 80–81
Sprinklers, underground
arc and radius adjustments, 128
fixed-spray, 91
gear-driven models, 99–100
gear-rotor, 91
impact-rotor, 91
microspray, 91
nozzles, changing, 126–27
for odd-shaped plots, 100, 100
precipitation rates and, 91–92, 92
rotating-stream, 91
row spacing options for heads, 95, 95
selection of, 91–92, 98–100, 98, 99, 100
stream-spray, 91
Start-up procedures, 125–26
Streams, as a source of water, 8, 28–31
Submersible deep-well pumps
advantages/disadvantages of, 53
connecting water distribution system, 52
description of, 42–43
installation of pipe, 51
installing pump in the well, 51–52
pitless adapter, installing, 51
Sump pumps, 38–39
Surface irrigation See also Overhead irrigation
appearance issues, 75–76
defined, 73
mobility and, 74–75
perforated water hoses, 78–79
toys as sprinklers, 80–81
usefulness of, 73–74
~ T ~
Tank tee, 52
Tape sealants, 121
Tapping into and existing system, 45
Tee fittings
compression, 66, 66, 68, 117–18
copper, 117
in lawn-watering systems, 64
in overhead systems, 83
in underground sprinkler systems, 106, 106
Terraced gardens, benefits of, 65, 65
Thread sealants, 121
Topography limitations, 16–17
Torque arrestor, 51
Trench-digging tips, 47
for underground sprinkler system, 105, 105
Trickle/drip system, 64
adjusting flow in, 69–70
system design, 66
~ U ~
Underground sprinkler system
accessories, 109
advantages/disadvantages of, 89
calculating running time, 92–93, 93
controllers, 128
controls and valves, selecting, 101
description of, 5–6
design considerations, 90–93
installation of, 101–7, 101, 102, 103, 105, 106
matching precipitaiton rates for balanced coverage, 96–98, 97
sprinkler selection, 91–92, 98–100, 98, 99, 100
start-up procedures, 126
Utilities, underground, 9
~ W ~
Watering cans, use of, 4
Water pressure
importance of, 71–72
in municipal water sources, 72
in pumped water sources, 72–73
reasons for regulating household, 72
reducing valves, 72, 114–15, 114
setting, 48
Water problems, common, 3–4
Water reserve, estimating, 43–44, 43
Water sources, types of
driven-point wells, 8, 20–22, 21
municipal water systems, 7, 19–20
potable water, 19
Water tanks, 8
Wells
problems with, as source of water, 1, 3
recovery rates, estimating, 44
tapping into and existing system, 45
water reserve, estimating, 43–44, 43
~ Z ~
Zoning requirements, 9