affiliation, 13
defined, 14
age roles, 82
agriculture. See farming
air power. See under power, sources of
Amish: beliefs of, 1–3, 22, 28, 119
compactness of, 107–8
concessions by and to, 312–13
divisions, 8, 9, 25–26, 188–90, 197, 199, 215, 232–33, 237, 306
growth of, 14, 16–17, 317, 335, 337
new commercial class of, 263–67
and non-Amish, 22, 157–58, 270–72
personality of, 33–36
population of, 14, 16–17, 240, 259, 261, 317, 336
use of professionals by, 269, 313. See also affiliation: Old Order; tourism
Amish Aid Society, 101–2
Amish Disaster Committee, 104
Amish Liability Aid, 102
Amish National Steering Committee, 102–3, 276, 286
and Amish, 137, 157, 169, 173, 189, 294
persecution of, 4, 6, 7, 8, 21, 44, 122, 238
appliances, home, 31, 33, 84, 197, 295, 315
apprenticeship, 174, 178, 258, 285, 308
art, 47–48
attrition rate, 16
Ausbund (hymn book), 5, 27, 116, 122
automobile. See cars
ballgames, 89, 145, 146, 150, 152, 271, 302, 305
ban. See excommunication
baptism, 94, 95, 112, 116–19, 135
adult, 4, 6, 29, 68, 92, 147, 186, 321
age of, 117
barn raisings, 12, 21, 33, 101, 142–43, 154–55, 260
Beachy Amish church. See under affiliation
Beiler, Ben, 199, 200, 201, 223, 225
Beiler, Jonas, 223
Beiler, “Tinker” Dan, 199
Bennett, William, 184
Bible, 47, 56, 57, 99, 159, 167, 273
Amish view of, 4, 28, 37, 38, 44, 137, 161, 173, 239, 301
and church/world dualism, 44–45
bicycles, 2, 24, 114, 213, 302, 305
birth rate. See family: size
and church districts, 92, 94, 98, 99
leadership of, 39, 53, 82, 189, 306
and mechanization, 203, 230, 233, 237
role of, 94, 101, 103, 104, 107, 108, 117–19, 126, 128, 132, 298
and school controversy, 165, 169
seniority system for, 98–100
and use of telephones, 191, 195
Bishops’ Meetings, 94, 98, 99, 126, 306
Blackboard Bulletin (magazine), 181
Die Botschaft (The message; weekly newspaper), 56, 154
Bruderschaft Library, 104
Buddy Bunches, 146, 150, 151, 154. See also gangs
The Budget (weekly newspaper), 154
buggies, 73, 74–79, 227, 314–16
and Amish identity, 2, 70, 74, 76, 79, 218, 288, 293
cost of, 78–79
and related industries, 77, 255
types of, 74–75
bulk tanks. See farm machinery
Bush, George H. W., 184
Bush, George W., 275
vs. farm, 309–11
and Gelassenheit, 53, 109–10, 308
business enterprises, 243–59, 309
businessmen, Amish, 57, 136–37, 239–40, 248, 256, 269, 270, 272
and Amish culture, 254, 258, 260, 263, 310–11
and telephones, 52, 194–95, 196
calculators, 1, 45, 113, 299, 304, 320
carpentry, 205–6, 219, 240, 252
carpeting, wall-to-wall, 115, 295, 298
carriages. See buggies
agreement about, 220–22
Amish fear of, 216–17
hiring of, 125, 214, 215, 304, 315
hiring of drivers for, 218, 219, 220
ownership of, 1–2, 24, 26, 71, 115, 136, 140, 213–17, 219, 220, 301, 314, 320
selective use of, 188, 190, 214, 215, 219, 314
Casey, Robert P., 289
Charming Nancy (ship), 9
chemicals: fertilizers, 18, 230, 269, 296, 313
childhood, 144
four stages of, 82
child labor, 284–86
children, 55
and plastic toys, 45
rearing, 38, 80, 81, 144, 161, 261
and size of families, 16, 33, 261
and work, 46, 47, 85, 87, 88, 285–86, 314. See also schools
Christian Aid Ministries, 157
the church, 4, 28, 50, 267, 280, 308
authority of, 97, 121, 139–40, 315
as mobile sanctuary, 95–98
and obedience, 22, 30, 38, 119, 120, 325
and the world, 44–45, 271, 277
Church Aid, 103–4
church buildings, 95–96
church districts, 13, 91–95, 99, 100, 315
church services, 89, 91, 119–25, 128
and hats, 121–22
seating patterns in, 123–24
singing in, 51, 120, 122, 123, 124, 128
cigarettes. See smoking
civic involvement, 157–58, 270–72
Clinic for Special Children, 105, 156
clothing, 57–70, 124, 126, 316, 318, 321, 329
fastenings for, 2, 8, 61, 63, 65, 69, 70, 125
for work vs. dress occasions, 66–67
of youth, 67–68, 145. See also hard hats; men: hats of; synthetic materials
communication: circle letters, 154
face-to-face, 192–93, 196, 197, 259
oral, 108
and technology, 192. See also telephones
communion, 94, 95, 96, 125–28, 131, 140, 149
community: building, 37, 158, 259, 323
commitment to, 3, 29–32, 34, 35, 39, 52, 211, 220, 260, 315, 319, 321, 330, 331
emphasis on local, 33, 108, 216, 280
non-Amish, 270–72
threats to, 46, 160, 267. See also civic involvement
computers: prohibition of, 1, 2, 18, 115, 131, 136, 188, 256, 258, 298, 304, 312, 320
use of, 246, 263, 298, 305. See also Internet
kneeling, 131, 132, 133, 140, 189
congregations. See church district
conscientious objection, 102, 275–76, 313, 326. See also nonresistance
consumerism, 319, 321, 323, 326, 329
cornerball. See ballgames
cottage industries, 245, 260, 267. See also business; work
courtship. See dating
crafts, 13, 178, 240, 245, 269
and individual expression, 34, 47
and tourism, 287, 288, 290, 294
credit cards, 126
cultural bargaining, 23–24
cultural capital, 29, 30, 142, 143, 144, 174, 176
and business success, 257, 307–8
and common good, 21, 31, 32, 52, 160
defined, 20
cultural values, 29–32, 38–43, 46–50, 52
culture, 27–29, 31–32, 111, 112, 269, 330, 331
dairy. See under farming
deacons, 94, 95, 99, 118, 119, 120, 123, 128, 132
death, 158–60. See also funerals
Delegation for Common Sense Schooling, 165, 166, 167
deviance, 52–53, 116–18, 131–34, 145–46, 184–87
The Diary (monthly periodical), 56–57, 154
Disaster Aid, 104
disaster relief. See Amish Disaster Committee; Mennonite Central Committee
districts. See church districts
divorce, 82, 87, 88, 115, 136, 139, 325, 330
Dordrecht Confession of Faith, 28, 117, 138
dress. See clothing
Dunkards, 9
education, 23, 109, 161–83, 317, 321, 322
Amish support of public, 180, 327
fear of, 173–74
higher, 2, 26, 31, 162, 164, 258, 268, 305, 326, 328
modern, as threat to community, 160, 238, 258, 315
public, 161–68, 175, 176, 305. See also high schools; schools; schoolteachers
“Amish,” 208–12
ban on, 2, 26, 84, 136, 255, 263, 268, 312
from batteries, 1, 77–78, 198, 199, 200, 205, 206, 207–8, 295, 296, 312
and divisions, 15, 25, 96, 200
from generators, 199, 200, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206, 233, 235, 253
and inverters, 206–7, 210, 298, 315
and medical equipment, 114, 206
from public utility lines, 1, 115, 198, 200, 202, 203, 205, 206, 207–8, 209, 212
selective use of, 188, 190, 197–98, 210–12, 315
engines: in dairy industry, 203–5, 296
diesel, 201, 203–9, 233, 252, 296, 326
and electricity, 201, 208, 209, 233
gasoline, 45, 222, 224, 225, 229–32, 251, 295, 300, 315
and horse-drawn machinery, 224, 229–32, 315
English. See under language
entrepreneurs. See businessmen
equality, 109–10, 263, 266, 305, 317, 321
of women, 82–86
evolution, teaching of, 174, 178
excommunication, 29, 92, 112, 134, 135–37, 315, 326
reasons for, 88, 165, 241, 272, 275
temporary, 133, 140. See also shunning
church authority over, 97, 121, 139–40
emphasis on, 82, 87, 251, 304–5
extended, 13, 81–82, 88–89, 90, 143, 147, 148, 277, 316, 325
and factory work, 241–43
Amish tradition of, 238–39
and artificial insemination, 18, 269, 299, 313
vs. business, 309–11
dairy, 13, 18, 42, 113, 202–5, 229, 248, 313
and family life, 47, 85–86, 239–40, 263
organic, 248
specialized, 203, 229. See also land
farmland preservation, 249–50
farm machinery, 230–32
ban on barn cleaners, 235–36
and electric welders, 202, 204, 206
horse-drawn, 202, 222–24, 228–30, 237, 240, 255, 296, 300, 302, 304, 315
milking equipment, 115, 202–5, 236, 313
steel wheels on, 115, 222, 226, 229, 255, 296. See also tractors
fasting, 127
Fisher, Bishop David, 278
force, use of. See nonresistance
Ford, Harrison, 281
Ford, Henry, 215
freedom: and choice, 320, 322, 324, 328–29
and individualism, 319, 321, 323, 328, 331
frolics, 12, 83, 89, 151, 156, 180, 260
funerals, 90, 92, 94, 112, 139, 158–60, 329
gangs, 82, 145–47. See also rumspringa
Gelassenheit, 50, 76, 78, 98, 130, 160, 283
defined, 29–32
as governing principle, 53, 79, 106, 275
humility and, 40, 43, 121, 144, 272
vs. individualism, 29, 37, 44, 49, 52, 123–25, 141, 317, 318, 323, 324
and interaction with others, 34, 44, 57, 304, 305, 317
and ordination of leaders, 125, 129
organizational shape of, 80–82
paradox of, 32–33
and patient waiting, 52, 122, 277
symbols of, 54–55
gender roles, traditional, 82–83, 316, 322
Glick, Isaac, 198–99
government: subsidies from, 12, 250, 273, 279–80, 327
view of, 160, 273. See also public officials; voting
growth. See under Amish
Handicap Gathering, 153–54
Hartz, Moses, Jr., 188, 189, 190
Hartz, Moses, Sr., 188, 189, 190
hats. See under men
health care, 90, 105–6, 156, 313, 317
and immunization, 183, 271, 306. See also mental health
Heifer Relief Sale, 158
Helping Hand, 105
high schools: attendance in, 96, 176, 182, 241, 322
opposition to, 17, 47, 163, 166–67, 168, 171, 174, 175, 176
holidays, 149–50
horse culture, 73–74
and Amish identity, 70, 72, 237
driving, 70–72
in the field, 227, 228, 231, 237
as link with nature, 72–73
plowing with, 33, 50, 116, 222, 223
as symbols, 54, 55, 72, 232, 318
vs. tractors, 73, 223, 224, 227
travel on public roads, 73, 78, 150, 314, 326
work, 70, 71, 73, 115, 224. See also under farm machinery
hospitalization. See Church Aid
humility, 29, 30, 31, 36, 40, 144
and Amish worldview, 53, 162, 318
and business, 254, 264, 265, 308
as theme of church service, 120, 122, 124
hunting, 152
Hurricane Hugo, 158
Hutterites, 12
hydraulic power. See power, sources of
idleness, 46–47
individualism, 3, 22, 305, 309, 330
and freedom, 319, 321, 323, 328, 331
vs. Gelassenheit, 29, 37, 44, 52, 125, 141, 317, 318, 323, 324
and pride, 40–41
industrialization, 2, 16, 19, 261, 320
informality, 108–9
insurance, 101–4, 155, 156, 242, 277, 325
health, 12, 103, 273, 278, 279, 327
unemployment, 102, 183, 279–80, 314, 327
Worker’s Compensation, 102, 183, 257, 273, 276, 279–80, 314. See also Social Security
Intercourse, village of, 99, 104, 287
Internal Revenue Service (IRS), 278, 279, 280
International Harvester Company, 222
international relief projects. See Mennonite Central Committee
Internet, 16, 19, 113–14, 126, 263, 312, 324
inventions, 255
Jefferson, Ralph T., 168
Jesus Christ, 4, 6, 7, 28, 43, 134
and Amish faith, 30, 32, 45, 47, 119, 138, 273
Johnson, Lyndon B., 278
King, Aaron, 166–67
King, Moses, 223
labor, 102, 103, 142–43, 148, 176, 263, 284–86. See also work
Agricultural Preserve Board in, 249–50
congregations in, 14–16
farmland of, 11, 239, 240, 248–49
Lancaster Farmland Trust, 249–50
migration from, 243–44
settlement in, 9–14, 16. See also affiliation: Old Order; tourism
Lancaster County (Pa.), 10–17, 240–41, 284, 309
land: preservation of, 239, 249–50
scarcity of, 205, 240, 241, 243–44, 245, 290. See also farming
language, 54
and dialect of separation, 55–57
English, 55–56, 57, 178, 190, 261–62. See also Pennsylvania German dialect
lanterns, 17, 54, 77, 252, 295, 318
lawn mowers, 83, 114–15, 299, 300, 303, 304, 306
lawsuits, 31, 115, 131, 164, 265, 272
leadership, 22, 23, 53, 94–95, 121, 128–31, 306. See also under bishops
Lebanon County (Pa.), 217, 243
Lord’s Prayer, 178
marriage, 83, 86, 87, 89, 115, 117, 176, 321. See also divorce; family; weddings
Martyrs Mirror, 5, 56, 57, 120, 137
McGillis, Kelly, 281
Medicare, 12, 103, 273, 278, 279, 327
medicine. See health care
Meidung. See shunning
Members’ Meetings, 132
men: beards and mustaches of, 8, 33, 63, 65, 68
dress of, 63–70
hair style of, 63, 65, 66, 67–68, 69, 90, 113
hats of, 65, 66, 67, 69, 113, 115, 121
roles of, 82–83, 92, 242, 261, 316, 322
Mennonite Central Committee, 151, 157, 158
Mennonite Disaster Service, 104, 157, 158
Mennonites, 6, 10, 215, 241, 247
Old Order, 15, 76, 84, 95, 105, 152, 156, 184, 228. See also Anabaptists
microenterprises. See business; cottage industries
migration of Amish, 9, 16–17, 243–44
military service. See nonresistance
Mills, Wilbur, 278
ministers, 36, 39, 82, 122, 233, 315
and casting of lots, 128, 130–31
role of, 94–95, 99, 101, 117–18, 120, 121, 124, 127, 132. See also bishops; ordinations
Ministers’ Meetings, 96, 98, 99, 126, 127, 297
mirrors, 33
modernity: of Amish, 3, 18, 52, 301, 312, 320–22
vs. Amish wisdom, 319–32
and homelessness, 319–20
negotiating with, 23–24, 312–16, 317
rejection of, 20, 21–23, 46. See also postmodernity
modernization, 1, 18–20, 43, 51, 301
and individualism, 29, 44, 309
and negotiation, 21, 23–24, 312
resistance to, 3, 21–23, 24, 316
and separation, 19–20, 108, 175. See also worldliness
music, 145, 303–4. See also singing
mutual aid, 12, 97, 154–58, 273, 277, 315
Mylin, Arthur, 172
National Automobile Company, 214
negotiation. See cultural bargaining
New Order Amish. See under affiliation
nicknames, 93
nonconformity. See the world, separation from
nonresistance, 31, 115, 275–76, 326, 327
obedience, 29, 52, 53, 144, 178, 324
and the church, 22, 30, 119, 120
habit of, 38–39
occupations. See work
Old Order Amish. See under affiliation
Old Order Book Society, 102, 181
Old Order Mennonites. See Mennonites
ordinations, 112, 125, 128–31, 140
Ordnung, 112–16, 191, 218, 263, 299, 300, 310
and choice, 186–87
compliance with, 130, 131, 264, 324
defined, 112
and excommunica- tion, 134, 136, 137
and social change, 303–4
violations of, 131, 213, 235. See also excommunication; shunning
organic farming. See chemicals; farming
organizational structure. See social structure
organizations, 13, 101–6, 115, 271
and electricity, 199, 200, 215
Pennsylvania Dutch. See Pennsylvania German dialect
Pennsylvania German dialect, 13, 29, 115
and Amish identity, 57, 96, 315, 316
decline of, 261–62
Pennsylvania Public Utilities Commission (PUC), 219
photography, 3, 41, 244, 281, 283
Pinecraft (Fla.), 89–90
Pitts, Joseph R., 286
Plain Communities Business Exchange (business newspaper), 56
political involvement. See government; voting
population. See under Amish
postmodernity, 13–14, 311–12, 320
power, sources of: air (pneumatic), 18, 201, 209–12, 252, 255, 258, 295, 296, 301, 315
gasoline, 45, 222, 224, 225, 229–32, 251, 295, 300, 315
hydraulic, 18, 209, 211, 212, 252, 255, 258, 295, 296, 301, 304
steam, 222, 225. See also electricity; engines
prayer, 112, 115, 120, 124, 129, 140, 159
pride, 42–43, 48, 49, 52, 53, 267, 293
and individualism, 40–41
Product Liability Aid, 104
professionals, use of, 1, 26, 90, 164, 272, 313
publicity: avoidance of, 41–42, 116, 271–72, 280–84, 287, 294
public officials: Amish as, 31, 271, 273, 302
Amish relations with, 183, 257, 294
puppy mill controversy, 284–85
quilts, 27, 245, 246, 269, 294
radios, 115, 145, 195, 205, 254
Reader’s Digest, 57
recreation, 145–54, 152, 153, 305. See also ballgames
Reist, Hans, 8
religion, 37, 161, 239, 264, 321
and civil law, 272–73
reunions. See social capital: and circles of support
ritual, 28, 111–12, 304, 315, 325
rollerblades, 24, 45, 304, 312
rumspringa (running-around years), 116, 145–47, 151, 185–87
Safety Committee, 105
scholars. See childhood
schools: Amish, 81, 106, 162, 176, 177–82, 267, 269, 297, 318
compulsory attendance in, 162, 163, 165
consolidation of public, 163, 164, 172, 175
curriculum of, 13, 173, 174, 176
East Lampeter Township controversy (1937), 164–68, 241, 275, 287
local control of, 162–63, 173, 320, 328
one-room, 13, 108, 162, 164, 165, 167, 172, 173, 175, 177–76, 178, 271, 305
Supreme Court, 1972 ruling on, 162, 183, 313
vocational, 171–72, 314, 315. See also education; high schools
schoolteachers, 84, 98, 176, 177, 180–81, 182, 280, 314
certification of, 180, 183, 313
science, 31, 174, 178, 321, 324, 326, 327
Scranton, William W., 282, 283
separation from world. See the world, separation from
sermons, 120, 122–23, 124, 126, 159
settlement, defined, 13
sexual abuse, 53
shops. See business
and excommunication, 7–8, 39, 137, 189
strict interpretation of, 25, 189, 190
Simons, Menno. See Menno Simons
simplicity, 29, 31, 53, 110, 124, 221, 258, 318
singing, 128, 146, 151, 178, 189
small-scale size, 106–7, 197, 245, 317
Smoker, Ike, 254
social capital, 31, 72, 143, 155, 176, 193, 325
and business success, 257–58, 308
and circles of support, 153–54
defined, 20
networks of, 101–6, 142, 143, 144, 277, 317
preservation of, 21, 160, 188, 212, 221, 301, 321
replenishing, 149, 150–51, 156, 158, 259
threats to, 143, 160, 174, 220, 242, 273, 305
social change, 28, 295–318, 319
and adaptation, 295–96
and economic benefits, 303, 321
innovators of, 305–6
and moving cultural fences, 297–302
political context of, 305–7
social class, 98, 109–10, 263–67
social control, 22, 23, 108, 317. See also confessions; shunning
social interaction, 107–8, 111–12. See also frolics
socialization, 22, 161, 177, 321
Social Security, 102, 276–79, 280, 324–25, 327, 329
exemption from, 257, 267, 277, 278, 313
social structure, 13, 80–110, 111, 119, 143, 316, 330–32
Stoltzfus, Gideon, 96
Stolzfus, Ike, 199–200
Stolzfus, Mike, 200
Stolzfus, Stephen F., 167
submission, 29, 53, 60, 318, 324, 330
and confession, 131, 134. See also Gelassenheit
Sunday schools, 15, 25, 96, 190
Supreme Court, 1972 ruling of, 162, 183, 313
surnames, 92
Swiss Anabaptists. See under Anabaptists
synthetic materials, 45, 69, 295, 302, 315
“taxis.” See cars
technology, 25, 26, 31, 131, 188–212, 329
and buggies, 78–79
communication, 192, 263, 305, 312, 327
control of, 52, 197, 258, 307, 318, 321, 328
as threat to community, 160, 211
teens. See gangs; youth
in homes, 194, 196–97, 295, 298, 311
use of, 15, 24, 25, 52, 188, 190–92, 212, 215, 268, 299, 302, 315
use of, vs. visiting, 192–93
voice mail, 195
telephone shanties, 193–95, 311
television, 15, 19, 54, 188, 205
opposition to, 18, 113, 115, 201, 281, 295, 304, 312, 329
use in public schools, 172, 178
time and pace, 50–51, 72. See also clocks
use of, 125, 233. See also smoking
tourism, 10, 78, 240, 241, 281, 284, 324, 327
impact of, 291–94
ironies of, 287–91
and roadside stands, 290–91, 315
and engines, 231–32
use of, 15, 16, 25, 190, 215, 222–28, 240, 301, 304, 315. See also farm machinery: horse-drawn
and change, 50, 52, 112, 197, 198, 232, 297–302, 314
and conformity, 323–24
bicycle, 2, 24, 114, 213, 302, 305
public, 213, 215, 302. See also bicycles; buggies; cars; horses
values. See cultural values
visiting, 51, 150–51, 155, 192–93
weddings, 92, 94, 95, 112, 138, 148–49, 260
Weir, Peter, 281
wheel chairs, electric, 115
Wisconsin v. Yoder. See Supreme Court, 1972 ruling of
Witness (film) controversy, 280–84
wood workers, 153
work, 31, 205–6, 238–67, 322, 329
Amish attitudes toward, 46–48, 52, 125, 227, 261
construction, 245, 252–53, 260, 265
factory, 226, 241–43, 244, 246–47, 255, 314
field, 46, 85, 225–26, 232, 314
household, 46, 84, 244–48, 305
nonfarm, 160, 244–48, 250, 255, 259, 313, 315, 317, 321
Worker’s Compensation, 102, 183, 257, 273, 276, 279–80, 314
the world, separation from, 6, 22, 46, 216, 268, 293, 318
and the church, 44–45, 271, 277
and community telephones, 193–94, 197
and helping outsiders, 157–58
and holding public office, 273, 275
and preservation of social capital, 21, 321
and technology, 210–11, 262–63. See also worldliness
worldliness, 26, 40, 53, 186, 197, 201
examples of, 45, 95, 227, 281, 301
and social change, 28, 298. See also modernity
worship. See church services
youth, 82, 116–19, 145–49, 184–87
youth groups. See gangs
zoning laws, 251, 253–54, 284, 285, 306–7, 313, 314
Zook, Ike, 223
Zwingli, Ulrich, 4