INDEX
Bold page numbers indicate photo or illustration.
About Face, 142
Alexander, Shana, 94
All Quiet on the Western Front, 203
Allen, Henry, 58
Alliance of Figurative Artists, 157
American Institute of Architects (AIA), 43, 56
American War, 205
Andrews Air Force Base, 45
anti-war protests, 11, 32, 69, 92, 97–98, 134, 158. See also Fonda, Jane
Apocalypse Now (1979), 45
Arad, Michael, 180
Architecture School, Yale, 61
Arlington National Cemetery, 25, 91, 127, 204
Army Rangers, 15
“art fascist,” 182
“Art War,” 115–116, 119, 123, 128, 150–156, 158, 162, 173
Article 15, 91
artifacts left at memorial, 163
Artist Descending a Staircase, 121
Ashbrook, Rep. John, 105
assassinations squads, 201–202
Atherton, Charles H., 42
Ba Muoi Ba (33), 196
backlash to Commission of Fine Arts decision, 130–134
Baez, Joan, 11
Bailey, Rep. Don, 91–92, 106–107, 125–126, 150–151
Baker, Chief of Staff James, 105
Baker, Russell, 173
“The Ballad of Reading Gaol,” 34
Balzac, 34
Battell Chapel, 32
“Battle Hymn of the Republic,” 27
Battle of New Market, 1863, 190
Battle of the Somme, 143
battleship row, 191
Beatty, Ned, 20
Bellow, Saul, 13
Belluschi, Pietro, 22–23, 37, 49, 92
Ben Hai River, 204
Berenson, Bernard, 77
“Berkeley Vietnam Commencement,” 92
Berlin, Paul, 13
Bernini, Gian Lorenzo, 147, 167
Berrigan, Father Daniel, 11
Bien Hoa, 79
Black Panther party, 33
Bois de Boulogne, 26
Boston Globe, 110
Boullée, Étienne-Louis, 35
Brewster, Kingman, Jr., 33
Brown, J. Carter
announces flag placement decision, 153
Art War ending, 128
attends Hart’s funeral, 183
as chairman of US Commission on Fine Arts, 77–80, 90, 124–128, 131, 153–154
flagpole placement, 153
on Hart statues, 133
at Hart’s celebration of life and work, 184–185
objects to Constitution Garden being used as site, 27
photo of, 78
Brown, Joseph E., 21, 46–47, 54–57, 101, 124, 153
Broyles, William, Jr., 143–144
Bryan, C. D. B., 20
Bu Dop, 139
Buchanan, Patrick, 93, 95, 104
Buddhist Revolution, 207
Bumpers, Sen. Dale, 19
Burnett, Carol, 20
Burr, Andrus, 34–36, 38–41, 44, 47–48, 61–64
Burr’s design, 42
Bush, Pres. George W., 183
Cam Ranh Bay, 18
campus protests/activism, 32–34
Carhart, Tom
Commission of Fine Arts meeting, 125
“compromise” meeting, 107
dinner at Cosmos Club, 136
flagpole location, arguments, 125
as loose cannon, tries to get competitors thrown out, 111–112
objections to Lin’s design, 86–92, 101, 120
photo of, 19
plots with Webb and Hyde, 104
and political machinations, 131–132
refuses to talk about the memorial fight, 185
Scruggs on, 153
silent about memorial’s acceptance, 185
threatens to blow up monument, 137
Washington Post interview, 167–168
Carhart’s design, 85
Carson, Rachel, 60
Carter, President Jimmy, 3–5, 10, 18, 27, 67, 185
cartoon, Jeff MacNelly, 103
Cash Room, US Treasury Building, 124
Cathedral of St. John the Divine, 98–99
Cathedral of St. Matthew the Apostle, 99, 142
Cau River, 194
Chesley, 182
Chesterton, G. K., 173
“Chicago,” 33
Chicago Daily News, 187
“Chicago Seven,” 33
Chicago Tribune, 70
Chopin, 34
Chorlton, Tom, 25
Churchill, Winston, 99
Citizens Party, 32
Civil Rights Memorial, 176
Civil Rights movement, 174–176
Civitas, 123
Clark, Judge William, 105
Clay, Grady, 37, 46, 49, 92–93, 135–136
Cleveland Plain Dealer, 93
Coffey, Raymond, 70
Coffin, Rev. William Sloan, Jr., 32–33
Cohen, Richard, 142
“collective unconscious,” 20
Coming Home (1978), 12
Commission of Fine Arts
approval needed for memorial, 52
and the “Art War,” 119, 123–128
Atherton as chief executive, 42
Brown as director, 184
compromise accepted, 150
Fanning, Dr. Kathryn, historian at Commission, 213
first public hearing, 77–80, 86
flagpole location, arguments, 152–153
second public hearing on memorial, 88–91, 113
Communist Party, 92
competition for Memorial design, 36–58, 73–74
Con Son Prison, 209
Congressional Medal of Honor, 93
“A Conservative View,” 94
Constitution Gardens, 26–27, 38, 62
Cooper, Kent. See also Lin, Maya Ying; Vietnam War memorial
“additions” compromise, 109, 124
becomes monument collaborator, 71–76, 81–82
disagrees with addition of statue, 111–113, 116
disagrees with Hart on placement of statue, 124–125
enters monument competition, 43
flag as long, stringy object, 152
keeping the monument on schedule, 88–89
placement of statue and flag, 153
Cooper’s design, 74
Copley Square, 37
Corcoran Gallery of Art, 96–97
In Country (1985), 159
Crane, Rep. Philip, 106
Cronkite, Walter, 202
Crosby, Stills and Nash, 33
Cross of the Millennium, 181, 183
Da Nang, 192
Darman, Richard, 105
Davison, Gen. Michael S., 107–109, 125
de Chardin, Pierre Teilhard, 99
De Niro, Robert, 12
de Weldon, Felix, 97
Deaver, Michael, 105
Declaration of Independence, 21
The Deer Hunter (1978), 12–13, 20
To Defend, To Destroy (1971), 173
Delville, Jean, 99
Democratic Convention, 1968, 33
Dennehy, Brian, 137
Denton, Sen. Jeremiah, 106–107
Department of Fine Arts, 60
Department of Interior, 124
Dern, Bruce, 12
Devil’s Advocate (Oct. 1997), 183
Diana, Princess of Wales, 78
Dido and Aeneas, 157
Dien Bien Phu, 14
DMZ demilitarized zone, 203
Dole, Sen. Robert, 19
Dong Da Street, 207
Dulles International Airport, 73
Dumbarton Oaks, 28
East Wing of the National Gallery of Art (1978), 73
Eiffel Tower, 70
804th Battalion, People’s Army of Vietnam, 197–198
Electronic Data Systems (EDS), 28
Elvis, 123
Ensign, Todd, 10
Étaples, 35
Evans, Rev. Theordore H., Jr., 142
Evers, Medgar, 175
Ex Nihilo, 99–101, 118, 142, 148, 170, 183–185
Ezekiel, Moses, 190
feminist slant to Lin/Hart enmity, 158–159
Field Sociological Study Group, 193
Fields of Fire (1978), 30
First Cavalry Division, 9
Flack, Audrey, 123
flagpole location, arguments, 125, 150–153
Follow Me (1960), 108
Fonda, Henry, 11
Fonda, Jane, 11–12, 69, 87, 104, 158
“Forgotten Veterans of that ‘Peculiar War’,” 19–20
Fosse Ardeatine, 23
French, Daniel Chester, 97
French Beaux Arts, 35
Friendly Fire (1980), 20
Gehry, Frank, 92
General Dynamics, 29
General Electric, 29
General Motors, 28
GI Guinea Pigs (1980), 10
Going After Cacciato (1978), 13
Gold Star, 191
Graduate School of Design, Harvard, 37
Great Hall, Pension Building, 116–117
The Green Berets (1968), 10–11
“Greenlanders,” 61
Greenough, Horatio, 22
Greenwood Cemetery, 34
Greider, William, 93
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, 8
Hall of Remembrance, 23
Hanger Three, 45
Hanoi Hilton, 11
“Hanoi Jane,” 11
Harold, Childe, 149
Hart, Frederick. See also Hart/Lin enmity
announcement of competition winner, 54–56
career soars after the “Art War,” 173, 181–185
Hart celebrates his commission, 136–137
Hart chosen for third place in competition, 46–47
photo of, 98, 100, 155, 164, 165
placement of statue and flag, 153
Scruggs suggests Hart for memorial, Von Eckardt objects, 21–23
speaks to US Commission on Fine Arts, 124
work on The Three Soldiers, 147–150, 155–156, 160–168
Harvard School of Design, 22–23
Hearts and Minds (1974), 8
Helprin, Mark, 170
Heroic Spirit, 181
Hess, Elizabeth, 158
Hickham AFB, 192
“History of Modern Architecture and Urbanism,” 61
Hitcheson, Christopher, 143
Ho Chi Minh, 207
Ho Hoan Kiem, 210
Hòa Lo, Hanoi, 28
Hòa Lo Prison Museum, 205
Hoan Kiem Lake, 203
Hodel, Donald, 124
Hoffman, Abbie, 69
Hope, Bob, 24
House Un-American Activities Committee, 1957, 92
House Veterans Committee, 85
Houseman, A. E., 123
Hue (Imperial City), 140, 192, 196, 206
Hue, map of, 198
101st Airborne Division, 106
Hung, Dr. Nguyen Ngoc, 203, 208–210
I Want Out poster, 7
immoral war concept, 8
Imperial Palace of Peace, 194
Independent, 203
Industrial Relations Division (IRD), 193–195, 198
Iwo Jima flag-raising, World War II memorial, 63
Jabbar, Kareem Abdul, 179
Jackson, Jimmie Lee, 175
Jayne, Bill, 111
Jefferson, Thomas, 77
Jefferson Memorial, 23
Johnson, Philip, 72
Johnson, Pres. Lyndon B., 8, 67, 121–122, 187–188
Jones, Kim, aka Mud Man, 171–172
Jordan, Michael, 179
Juilliard School of Music, New York, 37
Jung, Carl, 20
Kaiser, Robert, 144
Kennedy, John F., 35
Kennedy, Robert, 4
Kennedy, Robert F., 35
Kiet, Gen. Ly Thuong, 194
King, Martin Luther, Jr., 35, 174
King Tut, 77
Kipling, Rudyard, 13
Klute (1972), 11
Knight, Christopher, 160
Krauthammer, Charles, 70
Krosinsky design, 48
Ku Klux Klan, 96
Kuspit, Donald, 171
Lafayette Park, 88
Landscape Architecture magazine, 37
Landscape for Living (1950), 37
Langston Hughes Library, 177
Lauhakaikul’s design, 84
Lawrence, Robert, 115
Le Corbusier, 73
League of Nations, 58
Lee, Robert E., 89
Legend of the Returned Sword, 210
Lennon, John, 31
Liberation Day to Unification Day movement, 206
Lin, Haun (Henry), 59
career soars after the “Art War,” 173–180
confronts Perot, 105
dedication of memorial, 141, 141
designs memorial as class project, 35–40
disinterest in world affairs, 102
displeasure with Hart’s work, 116–118
interview in Hess Article, 158–159
ownership of winning design, 40
on Perot’s suggestion of a parade, 138
photo of, 57, 79, 141, 176, 178
reaction to blowback, 94
speaks to US Commission on Fine Arts, 126
specifies black granite, 89
on verge of resigning, 109
Von Eckardt and Martin visit, 55–56
wins memorial competition, 50–55
Lincoln, Pres. Abraham, 25, 99, 190–200
Lincoln Memorial, 27, 44, 49, 127
Lin’s drawing, sketched by Burr, 39
Lin’s handwriten paragraph, 64
Long Binh, 91
Long Range Reconnaissance Patrol, 15
Lost Cause, 190
Lutyens, Sir Edwin, 35
Ly Dynasty, 194
Ly Thuong Kiet Street, 194–195, 197, 202–203, 206–207
MacLeish, Archibald, 24
Madam Nhu (Dragon Lady), 207
Marine Corps League, 93
Marshall, Chief Justice John, 22
Mason, Bobbie Ann, 159
Mathias, Sen. Mack, 19, 23–24, 26–27
May 1940, 23
Mayne, Tom, 43
McCarthy, Eugene, 4
McDonald, Larry, 89
McGrory, Mary, 138
Meese, Edwin, 105
memorial to Thich Quang Duc, 208
Military Assistance Command Vietnam (MACV), 195–199, 202
Mills, Robert, 22
Miss Manners, 21
Mockbee, Samuel “Sambo,” 43
Mockbee’s design, 43
Molière, 34
MOMA (the Museum of Modern Art), New York, 72
Morigi, Roger, 97
Morrison, Jim, 34
Mount St. Helens, 31
“Mr. Reynolds.” See Ray, Ronald E.
Mrs. Dalloway, 9
Mudd, Roger, 21
“Mullahs of Modernism,” 121
Murtha, John, 126
The Nation, 143
National Capital Planning Board, 52
National Commission on Fine Arts, 27
National Gallery of Art, 183
National Gallery of Arts, 77–78, 138
National Geographic, 101
National Liberation Front, 207
National Mall, 20–21, 25–26, 68, 127
National Mall memorial, 6
National Medal of Arts, 178
National Park Service, 52
National Public Radio, 37
National Sculpture Society, 109
National Security Council (NSC), 105
National Sponsoring Committee, VVMF, 83
“New Haven Eight,” 33
New Republic, 70
New York Times, 69, 117, 164–166, 173
New York Times Magazine, Jan. 2000, 162
Newsweek, 143
Newton, Isaac, 35
Newton, Wayne, 137
Nguyen Ngoc Loan, 142
Nielson, Connie, 183
Nightline, 128
Nivola, Constantino, 37
Nixon, Pres. Richard, 26, 67, 121–122
Nørrebro cemetery, Copenhagen, 61
Obama, Pres. Barack, 178
O’Brien, Tim, 13
Old Quarter, Hanoi, 203
Omaha Beach, Normandy, 98
101st Airborn Divison, 125–126
199th Light Infantry Brigade, 18
Ossip Zadkine, 23
Pacino, Al, 183
The Painted Word (1975), 120
Pan Am Building, 37
Parks, Eric, 123
Patton, Gen. George Jr, 8
PEACE AT LAST, 128
Pearl Harbor, Ford Island, 191–193
Pei, I. M., 77
Pelli, César, 35, 72–74, 82, 206
Pension Building, 30
Perfume River, 194
Perot, Ross, 27–28, 70, 93, 104–107, 119, 125, 129, 138
Philadelphia Inquirer, 142
Pink Pornography Palace, 195–196
“Point-Counterpoint,” 94
Pope John Paul II, 181
Portlandia (1985), 122, 122–123
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), 9, 19
POW/MIA, 28
Presidential Medal of Freedom, 178
Price, Brig. Gen. George B., 107, 125
Pritzker Prize, 44
Proust, 34
public protests against Lin’s design, 79–81
Pucci, Carl, 40
Purcell, Henry, 157
Quayle, Vice Pres. Dan, 181
The Quiet Crisis, 187
Rackley, Alex, 33
Ray, Ronald E., 140, 188–189, 191–201, 203
Ray, Ronald E., name on wall, 200
Reagan, Pres. Ronald, 31, 67, 89, 95, 105, 137–139, 169–170
Reeves, Keanu, 183
Reflecting Pool, 127
“refugee employment liaison,” 193
Remarque, Erich Maria, 203
“Remembrance Sunday,” 142
Revolutionary War, 77
Richmond News Leader, 94
Riggio-Lynch Chapel, 177
Riverside Church, 33
Rome Prize, 57
Roosevelt, Pres. Franklin, 22–23
Rosenfeld, Stephen S., 13
“rural studio,” 43
Russell, Richard, 181
Russell Senate Office Building, 181
Saarinen, Eero, 73
Saigon, 79
“Saigon Tea,” 196
Saint-Exupéry, Antoine de, 49–50
Saint-Gaudens, Augustus, 97
San Francisco Chronicle, 92
Sasaki, Hideo, 22–23, 37, 49, 117
Satan’s Treasures, 99
Savage, John, 12
“To Save the Nation,” 210
Schlafly, Phyllis, 104
Scruggs, Jan
aides reaction to monument, 105
asks Perot not to broadcast disapproval, 70–71
choses Hart to build memorial, 100–101
Constitution Gardens as site for memorial, 25–30
dedication of memorial, 139
language for memorial, 82
Nightline interview, 129
protests against Lin’s design, 108–109
on race question, 119
responds to Perot’s quiz, 104
retracts support of Lin, 114–115
second public hearing on memorial, 124
Seale, Bobby, 33
Segal, George, 162
“The Serene Grace of the Vietnam Memorial,” 70
75th Rangers, 151
Silent Spring (1962), 60
Silver, Dr. Steven M., 154
Simons, Col. Arthur “Bull,” 28
Sino-Japanese War, 1937, 58
Smith College Library, 177
Smithsonian Magazine, 162
A Soldier Reports (1976), 104
soldiers, dead and wounded, in Vietnam, 3
Son Tay, 28
Sorkin, Michael, 159
The Sorrow of War, 203
South Vietnam army’s (ARVN) First Division, 195
The Spotlight, 158
Spreiregen, Paul
announces flag placement decision, 52–56
chosen by VVMF to become architect of record, 71–72, 74–75
chosen by VVMF to be professional advisor, 36–37
commission hearing, 78
memorial competition, 46, 49–50
speaks to US Commission on Fine Arts, 127
writes about fairness of the competition, 115, 185–186
St. Matthew the Apostle, 183
St. Vincent de Paul Catholic Church, Andover, Kansas, 181
Stockdale, Adm. James, 93
Stoppard, Tom, 121
Streep, Meryl, 12
Strom Thurmond Room, 181
“The Tale of Two Memorials,” 158
Tet Offensive, Jan.–Feb. 1968, 4–5, 9, 138, 195–196, 201
Texas Monthly, 83
Third Marine Division, 195
Thomas, Dylan, 13
The Three Soldiers, 155, 164–165, 167, 169
The Three Soldiers dedication, 168–171
Thurmond, Strom, 181
Tidal Basin, 23
Till, Emmett, 175
Today Show, 113
Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, 200
Tower of Lost Souls, 44
“Tragic Beauty and Human Wholeness; Frederick Hart’s Reparation of the Figure,” 171
“The Tribute to Jane Fonda,” 120
“trick knee,” 4
Truong Son Cemetery, Vietnam, 204, 204–205
Truong Tien Bridge, 194
Twain, Mark, 22
Udall, Stewart, 187
Uhl, Mike, 10
United Daughters of the Confederacy, 190
United States Information Agency (USIA) library, 194–195, 197
University of Hawaii, 192
University of Ohio, 59
US Army Intelligence, 188
US Chamber of Commerce, 151–152
US Marine Band, 139
US Marine Corps War Memorial, 97
US Naval Academy, 28
U.S. News and World Report, 128
US postage stamp, Jan. 12, 2000, 186
USS Arizona, 191
USS Arizona Memorial, 192
USS Oklahoma, 191
Vadim, Roger, 11
Vasari, Giorgio, 122
veterans, Vietnam
Carter proclaims that vets should be honored, 18
protests against Lin’s design, 75–76, 85–86
reaction to Lin’s memorial, 69
Veterans Administration, 10
Veterans Affairs, 9
Veterans Affairs Committee, 83
Veterans Day ceremony, 190, 199
Veterans of Foreign Wars, 67, 89–90
Vietcombank Tower (2015), 207
Vietnam Veterans Against the War, 90
Vietnam Veterans Memorial, 23, 189–190, 200. See also competition for Memorial design; Hart, Frederick; Lin, Maya Ying; Vietnam Veterans Memorial Fund (VVMF)
Vietnam Veterans Memorial Fund (VVMF)
and Bailey option argument, 152
blowback to the memorial, 93, 95
charged with financial irregularities by Perot, 82
formed by Scruggs, 21
on issue of sculpture contest, 111
Lin chooses Cooper, VVMF doesn’t like it, 74–75
patrons react to Lin’s disinterest in world’s affairs, 102
sends out fundraising letters, 24
Spreirgen chosen as advisor, 36–37
threat to blow up memorial, 137
tries to force Spreiregen on Lin, 71–72
wall inscriptions, 82
Webb on egg carton design, 85
as immoral war, 8
Vietnam War memorial, 26–27, 62, 67–68. See also Carhart, Tom; Commission of Fine Arts; Cooper, Kent; Hart, Frederick; Lin, Maya Ying; Perot, Ross; Scruggs, Jan; Spreiregen, Paul; Vietnam Veterans Memorial Fund (VVMF); Webb, Jim
as Hand of Satan, 153
The Vietnam Women’s Memorial (1993), 180
Vogue, 159
Voigt, Jon, 12
Von Eckardt, Wolf
on competition entries, 45
and Hart’s assumption that he would design memorial, 21–23
pushes veterans to support Lin, 74–75
“The Serene Grace of the Vietnam Memorial,” 69–70
unhappy with Hart’s appointment without competition, 101
urges groundbreaking forward, 109
Von Hoffman, Nicholas, 94
Walken, Christopher, 12
Wall Street Journal, 91
War Remnants Museum/American War Crimes Museum, Saigon, 206
Warner, Sen. John, 23–24, 28–29, 106–107, 109, 139
Warner compromise, 109, 111–113
Washington, Pres. George, 22
Washington Monument, 44, 49, 127
Washington National Cathedral, 21, 97, 137, 148
Washington Post
Brown’s final decision, 130
Carhart’s parting shot, 167–168
Cohen on memorial, 142
on The Deer Hunter, 12
on Elizabeth Taylor, 29
flagpole location, arguments, 151
focuses on Lin’s ancestory, 102
Forgey on “additions” to memorial, 110
“Forgotten Veterans of that ‘Peculiar War,” 19–20
Hart on folds in clothing, 167
on Hart’s addition to Lin’s memorial, 115, 170
Kaiser on memorial, 144
letters on war memorial, 115
Lin accuses Hart of defacing her piece, 113–114
McGrory on dedication, 138
profile of Maya Lin, 101
“The Serene Grace of the Vietnam Memorial,” 69–70
vets as “violence-prone, psychological basket cases,” 24
on Vietnam War Memorial, 23, 58, 93
Von Eckardt as architecture critic, 21
Webb and Carhart post pieces in, 91
Washington Times, 137
Waterston, Sam, 20
Watt, James, 52, 68–69, 95, 106, 109, 111, 124, 151–152. See also Vietnam War memorial
“We were young. We have died. Remember us,” 24
Webb, Jim, 83–87, 91, 95, 100–106, 111–113, 124, 185
Weber House, 177
Weese, Harry, 37, 54, 92, 110, 115, 117
Westmoreland, Gen. William, 8, 29, 83, 104, 138, 195, 199, 202
“What Is Missing?,” 177
Wheeler, John C., 53
Wilde, Oscar, 34
William and Mary University, 179
World Trade Center memorial, 180
World War I, 9, 25–26, 61, 142–143
World War II, 25, 29, 37, 58, 192
Wright, Frank Lloyd, 56
Xin Wu, 179
Yeats, William Yeats, 59
“The Young Dead Soldiers Do Not Speak,” 24