INDEX

Page numbers in italics indicate photographs.

13th Floor Elevators, 24, 38, 40–42, 169–170, 189

A&M (label), 196, 210

ABC (label), 116, 300; ABC-Dunhill, 132, 136, 174

Abernethy, Francis, 18

Abrahams, Roger, 36

Acuff, Roy, 232, 245

Aiken, Rockin’ Bobby, 180

Albert, Christine, 360

Alexander, Stan, 18, 20, 29, 57–58, 194

Allen, Terry, 303, 344

Allman, Greg, 141

Allman Brothers, 79, 120, 145

“alt-country,” 354–355

Altman, Robert, 328

America (band), 148, 150

American Indian Movement: and musicians, 133, 164

“American Masters” (PBS documentary series): and Willie Nelson, 357

American Society of Composers and Publishers (ASCAP), 326

And I Wanted to Sing for the People (Bridger), 156

Angel Band, 43

Antone, Clifford, 288–290

Antone’s (Austin), 288, 296, 307, 310

Apple Records, 60, 145

Arhos, Bill, 280–282

Arista/Texas (label), 320, 322

Arkie’s (Bandera, Texas), 323

armadillo (animal): as symbol of Texas hippies, 62–66

Armadillo World Headquarters: crew, aka “Armadillos,” 254–255, 258–259, 260–262, 270–273; history of, 60–69; as live music venue, 6–10, 51–54, 79–80, 108, 130, 145, 149–151, 170, 183, 186–188, 190, 211–213, 226, 231, 256, 260, 270, 271–272, 278, 282, 288, 306, 335, 342, 352, 357; and live recording, 82–86; photos of performances, 61, 71, 101, 143

Arnold, Leonard, 117, 125, 127–128, 162, 170, 174

Ashlock, Jesse, 5

Asleep at the Wheel, 84, 85, 180, 188, 234, 270, 281, 316

Asylum Choir, 62

Atkins, Chet, 12, 223, 232, 314

Atlanta Pop Festival, 50

Atlantic (label), 81, 224, 331

Austin: and blues scene, 288–296, 307–310; compared to Nashville, 184, 199–200, 240–241, 310–311, 320, 349; and music industry, 70–73, 79, 82–86, 118–120, 160–161, 188–189, 205–206, 240–241, 311, 318, 341, 360; as setting for music scene in 60s and 70s, 3–14, 35; radio, 76–79. See also: Armadillo World Headquarters, Austin City Limits, and individual venues

Austin American-Statesman, 66

Austin Chronicle, 282, 310, 346, 358

Austin City Limits, 107, 280–285, 292–296, 305, 311–314, 329, 354, 358

Austin Opry House, 278–280

Austin Skyline (LaFave), 317

Avalon Ballroom (San Francisco), 25, 42, 50, 76

Baker, Chet, 316

Ball, David, 147, 328

Ball, Marcia, 81–82, 273–274, 284–285, 302, 317, 334, 342, 359, 362

Ballad of the West (Bridger), 358

Band, the, xviii, 25, 196, 352–353

Bandera, Texas, 318–324, 341–342, 346

Barton, Lou Ann, 290, 292, 296, 297

Basement Committee (College Station, Texas), 321

Battalion (Texas A&M student newspaper), 325

Beatles, 298–300

Bell, Rusty, 78

Benno, Marc, 62

Benson, Ray, 84, 85, 281, 285, 316, 323, 344, 358

Bernard, Claude, 353, 354–355

Big Bopper, 303

Big Brother and the Holding Company, 24–27, 43

Bigger Piece of Sky, A (Keen), 322

Big G’s (Round Rock, Texas), 11, 229

Billboard, 132, 136–137, 230, 300, 331, 342

Billy Bob’s (Fort Worth), 301

Black Elk Speaks (Neihardt), 161

Blame It on Love (Meyers), 337

Bland, Bobby, 288

Blues Brothers, 300

Blue Sky—Night Thunder (Murphey), 211

Bluest Eyes (Storyville), 310

Bohemia Beat (label), 317

Bond, Julian, 91

Bone, Ponty, 304–305

Bowie, David, 292, 355

Bramlett, Delaney, 148

Brammer, Billy Lee, 3–4, 22, 42, 55

Branson, Missouri, 278

Bridger, Bobby (Bobby Durham), 13, 153–167, 155, 214, 270, 280, 358

Bridger, Jim, 161–163, 165–166

Broken Spoke (Austin), 81–82, 335

Brooks, Garth, 315–316

Brovsky, Michael, 98–99, 105

Brown, Bob, 22, 40, 42–44, 54–55

Brown, Gatemouth, 288

Brown, James, 308

Brown, Junior, 312–314, 313

Brown, Tony, 344

Browne, Jackson, 292, 294

Broyles, Bill, 275

Buffalo Return to the Plains (LaFave), 317

Buffett, Jimmy, 82, 83, 150, 179, 180

Bull Creek Party Barn (Austin), 270

Bush, George W., 346, 349

Bush, Johnny, 220, 224

B. W. Stevenson (Stevenson), 130, 132

Byrds, 14

Caan, James, 277

Calabasas (Stevenson), 137

Cale, J. J., 141, 316

Calico Silver (Rogers), 196

Campbell, Glen, 154, 220

Carmichael, Hoagy, 277

Carnegie Hall, 110, 294

Carrasco, Joe “King,” 283, 284

Carson, Kit, 255

Carter, Fred, 154

Carter, Jimmy, 277

Cartwright, Gary, 64, 278

Cash, Johnny, 10–12, 196, 227, 316, 340

Cash, Rosanne, 328

Castle Creek (Austin), 79–80, 100–104, 108, 110, 113, 125, 127, 161, 191, 199, 208–210, 236

Cedar Creek Studios, 317, 348

Chalice Productions (label), 174

Chance, “Lightnin’,” 220

Channel, Bruce, 298

Charles, Ray, 277, 279, 284

Cheap Thrills (Joplin), 25–26

Chequered Flag (Austin), 36–38, 79

Chicago (band), 51

Chicago House (Austin), 316, 354

Christian, Michael, 117

Cisco Pike (movie), 334

Clapton, Eric, 51, 78, 294, 316

Clark, Glen, 300

Clark, Guy, 99, 100–102, 101, 105, 302, 324, 326, 328–329, 344

Clark, Roy, 284

Clark, W. C., 288–290, 289, 297

Clash, 306

Clayton, Lee, 236–241

Clement, Jack, 30

Club Foot (Austin), 284

Clyde Barefoot Chester Show, 169

Coburn, James, 30

Cochran, Hank, 219, 222

Cochran, Lee, xiv–xvi

Cocker, Joe, 231

Coe, David Allan, 274

Cohen, Leonard, 196, 316, 340

Collins, Cotton, 26, 32

Collins, Judy, 14

Columbia (label), 25, 340

Commander Cody (George Frayne) and His Lost Planet Airmen, 66, 82–86, 108, 179, 185, 190, 226

Common Thread (Gill), 311

Concert for Bangladesh, 50

Connally, John, 89, 92

Conqueroo, 38–44, 50, 54–55, 170

Continental Club (Austin), 312, 342

Cooder, Ry, 332

Cookie’s Fortune (movie), 328

Coolidge, Rita, 30, 31, 246, 260, 262

Cooper, Alice, 189

Coral Reefers, 83

“cosmic cowboy”: as moniker and movement, 52, 160, 180, 208, 280, 282–284, 290, 300, 321. See also

Joplin, Janis, and Murphey, Michael

Cosmic Cowboy Souvenir (Murphey), 198, 211, 213

Cotton Club (Lubbock, Texas), 296, 302, 304, 310

Couldn’t Stand the Weather (S. Vaughan), 294

Country Dinner Playhouse (Austin), 108–109, 232

Country Joe and the Fish, 25, 186

Country Music, 66

Country Music Association, 78, 311

Country Music U.S.A. (Malone), 18

Countryside (label), 118, 121

Cow Fish Fowl or Pig (Gourds), 355

Crawford, Bill, 288

Cray, Robert, 360

Crenshaw, Marshall, 344

Cricket Club (Austin), 122, 172–178

Crickets, 12, 303

Cronkite, Walter, 90

Crosby, Stills, Nash, and Young, 170

Cross, Christopher, 360

Crouch, Hondo, 92, 93, 95–98, 104–105, 108–109

Crow, Alvin, 5

Cycle of the West, The (Neihardt), 161

Dalhart, Vernon (Marion Try Slaughter), 18

Dallas: and blues, 287–288

Dallas County Jug Band, 115

Dallas Morning News, 51

Damron, Allen, 36, 38

Dave Clark Five, 46

Davis, Clive, 25

Davis, Sammy Jr., 100

Davis, Skeeter, 188, 220

Day, Jimmy, 220, 226, 302

Dean, Jimmy, 128

Deep Ellum (Dallas), 287–288

Delbert and Glen, 300

Del Castillo, 360

Deloria, Vine, 164

De Menil, Francois, 252, 254–255

Denver, John, 160

DePenning, Layton, 170, 174, 176

Derailers, 360

Derek and the Dominos (Clapton), 78, 316

Dire Straits, 312

Dixie Chicks, 288, 303, 305, 337, 346–350, 351

Dixie Hummingbirds, 288

Dog Years (Storyville), 310

Domino, Fats, 46

Doors, 28

Double Trouble, 290

Dr. John, 52, 294

Draper, Robert, 24

Driftwood, Jimmy, 38, 153

Dripping Springs Reunion of 1972, 30, 78, 236, 245–246, 251, 254

Dubose, Michael, 360

Duckworth, Brian, 320–322

Dunn, Charlie, 108, 170

Durham, Bobby (Bobby Bridger), 153, 161

Dylan, Bob, xviii, 25, 27, 30, 35, 52, 77, 100, 184, 256, 259, 292, 306, 315–317, 336

Eagan, Mary, 99

Eagles, 80, 311

Earle, Steve, 302, 321–322, 344

East Texas String Ensemble, 18

Easy (Willis), 349

Easy Rider (1969), 270

Elektra (label), 117, 122, 124, 158;

Elektra-Asylum, 122

Ellington, Duke, 277

Elliott, Ramblin’ Jack, 36

Ely, Joe, 48, 302–307, 305, 328, 340, 346

English, Paul, 7, 215, 222–223, 226, 259

Erickson, Roky, 38–43, 39, 169, 189, 336. See also 13th Floor Elevators

Ernie’s Chicken Shack (Austin), 48

Erwin, Emily, 346–350, 351

Erwin, Martie, 346, 350

Escovedo, Alejandro, 360

Evangeline (label), 337

Evans, Bronson, 80

Evans, Dale, 346

Exotics, 60, 62

Fabulous Thunderbirds, 290, 292, 293, 295, 296

Farm Aid, 338

Fender, Freddy (Baldemar Huerta), 331–333, 333

Fillmore (San Francisco), 25, 270

Finley, Danny, 184, 188

Flatlanders, 306

Flippo, Chet, 66, 268

Floores, John T., 234

Fonda, Peter, 270

Fort Worth: and blues, 296–300. See also Jacksboro Highway

Foster, Ruthie, 360

Fourth of July Picnics, Willie Nelson’s. See Nelson, Willie: and Fourth of July Picnics

Fowler, Gordon, 317

Fowler, Kevin, 358

Franklin, Aretha, 219, 317

Franklin, Jim, 59–62, 61, 64, 72, 84, 182, 188, 190

Frayne, George. See Commander Cody

Freda and the Firedogs, 81–82, 273–274, 284, 342

Free the Slow: benefit concert for, 214

Friedman, Kinky (Richard), 13, 179–192, 181, 187, 281, 358–360

Friedman, Myra, 24, 27–28

From Here to There (Fromholz), 116

Fromholz, Steve, 13, 58, 66, 73–75, 111–128, 113, 119, 139–140, 199, 208, 258, 261, 280, 321, 324–325, 330, 358

Frummox, 115–116

Fry, Segal, 36, 38

Full Tilt Boogie Band, 27

Garcia, Jerry, 65

Gardner, Brother Dave, 172

Garland, Hank, 312

Garland, Judy, 190

Garrett, Snuff, xvi, 62

Gary Lewis and the Playboys, 62

Gatlin, Larry, 284

Gay Place, The (Brammer), 3, 22

Gent, Peter, 64

Genuine Cowhide (McClinton), 300

Geronimo’s Cadillac (Murphey), 196, 198, 210

Gershwin brothers, 277, 349

Getz, Dave, 26

Ghetto, the (Austin), 22, 42, 76

Gilkyson, Eliza, 360

Gill, Vince, 311–314, 323, 328

Gilmore, Jimmie Dale, 48, 302, 304–307, 317

Ginsberg, Allen, 184

Glaser, Tompall, 179

Glass, Hugh, 162–163

Glines, Randy, 317

God Is Red (Deloria), 164

Goldwater, Barry, 89

Good Karma (KRMH, Austin), 76–78

Goodman, Steve, 12

Good Thoughts Are Better Than Laxatives (Shandon Sahm), 336

Gourds, 334, 350–355, 353

Govenar, Alan, 288, 294

Graceland, 317

Gracey, Joe, 79, 281

Graham, Bill, 24, 70, 270

Grammy awards, 301, 348, 357

Grand Ole Opry, 188, 270, 306–307

Grateful Dead, 207

Gray, Claude, 219

Green, Pat, 344, 346

Green Slime Boys, 7

Griffin, Patty, 360

Griffith, Nanci, 342, 344

Gringo Honeymoon (Keen), 322

Grissom, David, 310, 340, 344

Grossman, Albert, 25

Gruene Hall (Gruene, Texas), 322, 346

Guinn, Ed, 40, 42–43, 54–55

Guthrie, Woody, 142, 316, 318

Hackman, Gene, 334

Haggard, Merle, 12, 105, 128, 135, 226–227, 245, 270, 306, 311

Hall, Michael, 298–300, 303, 360

Hall, Tom T., 245, 256, 260, 262

Hamilton, George IV, 194

Hammond, John, 336

Hancock, Butch, 48, 302, 304, 307

Hancock, Tommy, 302

Handbook of Texas, 267

Harris, Emmylou, 82, 284, 300–301

Harrison, George, 78

Hartford, John, 154

Heard, Robert, 183

Hearne, Bill and Bonnie, 73

Heat, the Reverend Horton, 360

Hee Haw, 281

Heidelberg Publishers, 268, 271

Hell’s Angels, 25, 43

Helotes, Texas, 234–235

Hendrix, Jimi, 14, 28–29, 190, 314

Hester, Carolyn, 36, 38

Hiatt, John, 328

Hightower, Jim, 64

Hillis, Craig, 74, 99, 174, 210, 212, 358

Hill on the Moon (Austin), 193, 196, 213

Hinojosa, Tish, 340, 360

Hofheinz, Fred, 180

Hole in the Wall (Austin), 341, 354

Holland, Travis, 57–58, 115–117, 126–127

Holly, Buddy, xviii, 12, 21, 48, 296, 302–303, 306–307; Mr. Holley (father), 303–304

Holt, David, 310

Home (Dixie Chicks), 348

Hood, Champ, 147, 328, 357

Hootenanny Hoots, 25–26, 32

Hopkins, Lightnin’, 41, 287–288

Hopper, Dennis, 270

Hot Tuna, 24

Houke, Jay, 156

Houston: and blues, 288; folk scene, 36

Howlin’ Wolf, 298

How Long Is the Road to Kentucky (Fromholz), 122, 124

Hubbard, Ray Wylie, 105, 128, 358

Huerta, Baldemar. See Fender, Freddy

Hurlbut, Burt, 256

Husky, Ferlin, 80

Hyatt, Walter, 147, 326, 328–329, 357

Iconoclast, 236

I Got Dem Ol’ Kozmic Blues Again Mama! (Joplin), 27

IL Club (Austin), 40, 48

“Improbable Return of Redneck Rock” (music showcase), 358

Inmon, John, 109, 162, 170, 172, 174, 358

“Interchangeable Band,” 172, 174, 226

International Artists, 42

Iron Chalupa, 126

Ivins, Molly, 67

Jacksboro Highway (Fort Worth), 218–219, 296, 301

Jack’s Place (Fort Worth), 296

Jagger, Mick, xviii, 14, 78

James, Etta, 300

Jefferson, Blind Lemon, 287

Jefferson Airplane, 24

Jennings, Waylon, 12, 15, 30, 55, 71, 82, 188, 190, 223, 225, 236, 256–259, 257, 262, 276, 280, 303

Jerry Jeff Walker (Walker), 99

Jim Bridger and the Seekers of the Fleece (Bridger), 162–167

Jimenez, Flaco, 331–332, 333, 337

Johnson, Lady Bird, 76, 91

Johnson, Lyndon (LBJ), 3, 63, 89–91, 94, 110, 138

Johnson City, Texas, 91

Johnston, Bob, 196, 210, 316–317

Johnston, Max, 353, 354

Jones, Booker T., 277

Jones, Norah, 337, 357–358

Joplin, Janis, 14, 21–29, 23, 35, 51, 57, 76, 78, 81, 186, 190, 362

Joshua Judges Ruth (Lovett), 328

Jovita’s (Austin), 352, 355

K, Barbara, 360

Kaukonen, Jorma, 24

KCNC (Fort Worth), 218

Keen, Robert Earl, 274, 307, 318–324, 319, 340, 344, 346, 358

Keillor, Garrison, 346

Kelly and the Fireballs, 341

Kennedy, John F., 89, 133

Kennedy, Rod, 26, 35–38, 79, 115, 165, 199, 273; and founding of the Kerrville Folk Festival, 50–51

Kerrville Folk Festival, 50–51, 104, 111, 117, 147, 156, 165, 273

Kesey, Ken, 42, 184, 270

Kicker, Candy, 79

Kill Two Birds and Get Stoned (novel) (Friedman), 358

King, B. B., 288

King, Freddie, 7, 9, 67, 231, 288, 298

King Crimson, 308

Kingston Trio, xviii, 57

Kinks, 306

KLBJ (Austin), 76

KLIF (Dallas), 133

KLRN (Austin), 280

KLRU (Austin), 280, 312

Knopfler, Mark, 312

KOKE (Austin), 29, 78–79, 108, 179, 268, 281, 312

Koock, Guich, 92–95, 109

Kopperl, Texas, 112–114

Kozmic Blues Band, 27

KPFT (Houston): benefit for, 179–180, 189

Kristofferson, Kris, 12, 30, 31, 184, 188, 245–246, 256, 258–260, 262, 334

KRMH, aka “Good Karma” (Austin), 76–78

KSAN (San Francisco), 76

Kuralt, Charles, 92

KUT-FM (Austin), 288

LaFave, Jimmy, 314–318, 315, 354

Langer, Andy, 346, 358

Langford, Keith, 353, 354–355

Las Manitas (Austin), 340

Last Picture Show, The (novel) (L. McMurtry), 231

Lavender Hill Express, 170

Layton, Chris, 290, 310

La Zona Rosa (Austin), 301, 314, 316

Leadbelly (Huddie Ledbetter), 21, 287

Lead Free (Stevenson), 130, 132

Led Zeppelin, 51

Legend of Boggy Creek, The (movie), 156

Lennon, John, 60, 298–299

Let’s Dance (Bowie), 292

Lewis, Gary, and the Playboys, 62

Lewis, Jerry Lee, 21, 184, 190, 284, 298

Liberty (label), 220, 232

Liberty Lunch (Austin), 83

Licona, Terry, 282, 284, 292

Life, 50

Life of the Party (C. Robison), 344

Light Crust Doughboys, 5, 296

Lightfoot, Gordon, 38

Lindsey, David, 267–268, 275

Lindsey, Joyce, 268, 271

Lipscomb, Mance, 36, 41, 156, 287

Little Feat, 82, 362

Littlefield, Ira, 40

Little Richard, 308

Live from Deep in the Heart of Texas (Jennings), 84

Livingston, Bob, 99, 102, 105–106, 109, 304, 358, 360

Lockett, Sandy, 40–41, 50, 55

Lomax, John and Alan, 18

Long-Haired Daddy (Threadgill), 32

Look, 156

Lord, Richard, 292

Los Lobos, 362

Lost Gonzo Band, 87, 98, 107, 109, 261, 281, 304, 358

Love Rustler (McClinton), 300

Lovett, Lyle, 113, 265, 301, 318–319, 321–330, 327, 344

Lubbock, Texas: as source of musicians, xviii, 48–49, 296–298, 302–307

Lucas, Mike, 169–170

Luckenbach, Albert, 92

Luckenbach, Benny, 94, 110

Luckenbach, Texas, 92–95, 93, 103, 108–110, 241, 252

Lyle Lovett (Lovett), 328

Lyle Lovett and His Large Band (Lovett), 328

Lynn, Barbara, 298

Lynn, Loretta, 245

Maddog Inc., 63

Mad Dogs and Englishmen (Russell), 231–232

Mahavishnu Orchestra, 68

Maines, Lanny, 302

Maines, Lloyd, 302–307, 305, 344, 348

Maines, Natalie, 303, 305, 346, 349–350, 351

Maines Brothers, 302–307

Mainstream (label), 25

Majer, Carlyne, 52, 342

Majestic Theater (San Antonio), 318

Malone, Bill, 18, 20

Manassas, 123

Man Mountain, 7

Mann, Herbie, 51

mansion, the (Austin), 42

Manson, Charles, 46

Manuel, Richard, 352

MB Corral (Wichita Falls, Texas), xvi–xviii, 280

MCA (label), 98, 105–106, 306, 342–344

McClinton, Delbert, 296–302, 299, 312

McCrimmon, Dan, 115

McDonald, Joe. See Country Joe and the Fish

McFarland, T. J., 304

McGeary Michael, 99, 102

McGuire, Martie, 346, 351

McLaughlin, John, 68

McMorris Ford (Austin dealership): and Willie Nelson, 215–216

McMurtry, Curtis, 341

McMurtry, James, 337–341, 339

McMurtry, Jeff, 337–338

McMurtry, Larry, xi, xix, 42, 230–231, 337–341

Meaux, Huey, 46, 292

Meeting the Blues (Govenar), 288

Mellencamp, John, 338–340

Mellow Fellows, 298

Mendocino (Sir Douglas Quintet), 46

Mercury (label), 306

Merging of Our Minds (Bridger), 156

Merry Pranksters, 42, 270

Meyers, Augie, 44–48, 45, 81–82, 331–337, 333

Meyers, Clay, 337

Michael Martin Murphey (Murphey), 210–211

Midler, Bette, 68

Mighty Clouds of Joy, 288

Miller, Roger, 220

Miller, Steve, 24, 41

Miller, Townsend, 66

Miller Brothers, xiv–xvi, xix

Milligan, Malford, 307–310, 309

Milner, Jay, 236–240, 268

Modern Sounds in Country Music (Charles), 277

Monkees, 46, 117, 194

Monroe, Bill, 232

Monterey International Pop Music Festival, 25, 76

Montreux Jazz Festival (Switzerland), 292

Monument Records (label), 60, 154

Moody Coliseum (Dallas), 133

Moon Hill Management, 73–76, 290, 321

Moore, Abra, 360

Moore, Danny, 132, 136–137

Morgan, Cathy, 92, 108–109

Morgan, Seth, 28

Morrison, Jim, 14, 28

Morrison, Toni, 310

Morrison, Van, 82, 148

Moser, Margaret, 282

Mother Earth, 20

Moyer, Ken, 78, 108

Moyes, Doug, 79–80, 102, 103

Murphey, Michael: and the “cosmic cowboy,” 195, 208; and music scene, 13, 58, 66, 73–74, 80, 98, 105–106, 108, 115, 117, 125, 130, 150–151, 157, 180, 189, 190–191, 215, 226, 241, 271–273, 325, 358; photos of, 195, 209; philosophy of, 201–211; as songwriter, 194–198

My Maria (Stevenson), 137

Namath, Joe: and Janis Joplin, 27

Nashville: compared with Austin, 184, 199–200, 240–241, 310–311, 320, 349; and music industry, 10–13, 219–220, 222–223, 238–241, 311, 321–322, 326, 338, 344–349; and studio recording, 120, 154, 157–158, 172

Nashville Skyline (Dylan), 317

Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame, 220, 229

National Parks Service: and Bobby Bridger, 166

Neihardt, John, 161–162

Nelson, Bobbie, 218, 224, 226

Nelson, Carlene, 236

Nelson, Lana, 192, 218

Nelson, Willie: at the Armadillo World Headquarters, 8–13; as bridge between hippies and rednecks, 215–217, 226–227, 229–232, 251; as businessman, 251–262; as celebrity, 277–280; and concept albums, 227–229, 276–277; and Fourth of July Picnics, 97, 245, 257, 261, 274, 321; and first Fourth of July Picnic (1973), 245–262; loyalty of, 215–217, 234–235; and movies, 252–255, 276–277; and Nashville, 10–12, 218–224, 238–240; as outlaw, 273–278; as performer, xix, 30, 50, 52, 55, 78, 81, 96, 106, 117, 131, 153, 188, 200, 208, 270, 273, 291, 296, 302, 312, 325, 328, 334, 337, 342, 357; photos of, 1, 11, 15, 77, 217, 239, 253, 261, 279, 361; and Charley Pride, 220, 238–240, 239; and Leon Russell, 231–233; Texas roots of, 218–219, 224–226, 240–241

Nesmith, Michael, 117–122

Newberry, Mickey, 188

New Braunfels Herald-Zeitung, 267–268

Newport Jazz and Folk Festivals, 26

New Orleans Club (Austin), 38

New Riders of the Purple Sage, 82

Newsweek, 320

Newton, Scott, 275–276

New Yorker, 278, 312

New York Times, 348

Night Owl (Austin), 50

Nitty Gritty Dirt Band, 100, 110, 200

Nixon, Richard, xiv, 14, 27, 91, 100, 270, 349

Northcut, Kaye, 67

North Texas State University (Denton): as source of musicians, 57, 115, 129, 194, 357

Nunn, Gary P., 99, 102, 106, 107, 109, 170, 304, 312, 358

O Brother, Where Art Thou? (movie), 348

O’Connor, Tim, 79, 278

O’Daniel, W. Lee “Pappy,” 296

Odyssey Studio, 98–99, 105, 108

Oklahoma: as source of musicians, 315–316

Old Enough (Barton), 292

Old Playboy Lounge (Austin), 173

Openers (poetry) (Erickson), 43

Outcasts, 62

Outlaw Concert, 274

“outlaw country”: and Texas musicians, 274–275, 311, 347

Owens, Buck, 230

Pamper Publishing, 219, 222

Parker, Junior, 288

Pass This Way (Stevenson), 132, 137

Patoski, Joe Nick, 288

Paul, Julie, 20

Paul Ray and the Cobras, 288

Pavilion (Houston), 180

Paxton, Tom, 35

Payne, Jody, 226

PBS: and Austin City Limits, 281–284

Pearl (Joplin), 28

Peckinpah, Sam, 30

People, 344

Perez, Speedy, 79

Perry, George Sessions, 18

Perskin, Spencer, 58–59, 62

Petty, Tom, and the Heartbreakers, 306

Phases and Stages (Nelson), 227–229, 276, 342

Picket Line Coyotes, 350, 354

Piece of Your Soul, A (Storyville), 310

Place, 92

Playboy, 184

Player, The (movie), 328

Plowman, Pepi, 22

Point, the, 249

Prairie Home Companion, 346

Presley, Elvis, xvi, 21, 115, 190, 317

Prestige (label), 158

Price, Michael, 252, 254–255

Price, Ray, 219–222, 221

Price, Toni, 360

Pride, Charley, 12, 220, 238–240, 239

Priesnitz, Joe, 290, 292, 321, 346, 352, 355

Priest, Micael, 72

Prine, John, 12, 68, 246, 247, 256, 258, 262, 301

“progressive country,” 78–79, 268

Pub, the (aka Saxon Pub) (Austin), 79, 104, 164–167

Pure Prairie League, 312

Quarto, John, 193

Quest of the Historical Jesus, The (Schweitzer), 202

Quinn, Sally, 184

Raitt, Bonnie, 290, 301

Ramsey, Willis Alan, 13, 73–74, 141–152, 143, 270, 280, 304, 321, 325–326, 328, 330, 352, 358

Ranger (University of Texas student journal), 22, 64

Raphael, Mickey, 99, 226

Rashen, Neil, 223, 255

Rather, Dan, 346

Raul’s (Austin), 282

Ray, Paul, 288, 290

Ray, Wade, 220

Rayburn, Sam, 89

Raye, Tanya, 312

RCA (label), 130, 132, 134, 136–138, 153–157, 164, 166–167, 220, 223–224

Rebennack, Mac “Dr. John,” 52, 294

Redding, Otis, 25

“Red Dirt Marijuana” (Southern), 176

Redheaded Stranger (Nelson), 276

“redneck rock”: backlash against publications about, 272–276

Reed, Jimmy, 298

Reed, John, 48, 81, 273–276, 304

Reed, Lou, 340

Reid, Dorothy, 276

Remmert, Fred, 317, 348

Return of Wayne Douglas (Sahm), 334, 337

Reverend Horton Heat, 360

Rich, Charlie, 30, 256, 259, 262

Richards, Ann, 64, 278

Richards, David, 64

Richards, Keith, 357

Ricker, Patti, 74

Ritter, Tex, 245

Rivers, Johnny, xviii

Rivers, Travis, 24

Robbins, “Pig,” 220

Roberts, Julia, 324, 329

Robey, Don, 288

Robison, Bruce, 341–350, 345

Robison, Charlie, 334, 342, 344–350, 347

Robison, Emily. See Erwin, Emily

Rock Arts Ltd., 290

Roddy, Ted, 360

Rodgers, Jimmie, 20–21, 33

Rodriguez, David, 330

Rodriguez, Johnny, 12, 284

Rogers, Kenny, 196

Rogers, Will, 20

Rolling Stone, 27, 43, 46, 52, 55, 231, 259, 268, 314, 336

Rolling Stones, xviii, 78, 306, 357

Rome Inn (Austin), 275, 290, 294

Ron-Dels, 298

Ronstadt, Linda, 82, 117, 306

Room to Breathe (McClinton), 302

Rose, Fred, 276–277

Roth, Don, 267

Royal, Darrell, 30, 229–231, 258, 277

Royal, Edith, 258

Russell, Kevin, 350–355, 353

Russell, Leon: as performer, 12, 62, 65, 141, 145, 215, 224, 233, 246, 256, 261, 262, 264, 274, 304, 316; and Willie Nelson, 231–233

Russell, Tom, 307

Ryko (label), 349

Sahm, Doug, xviii, 44–48, 47, 50, 52, 65, 81, 96, 224, 256, 284, 331–337, 333, 346, 357

Sahm, Shandon, 336–337

Sahm, Shawn, 334, 336–337

Sahm and Sahm (Doug and Shawn Sahm), 334

Sainte-Marie, Buffy, 181

Saint Mary of the Woods (J. McMurtry), 338

San Antonio: as source of musicians, 44

San Antonio Hemisfair, 36, 42

Sandy Beaches vacation cruises, 301

San Francisco: “diaspora” of Texas musicians, 76; scene in late 60s, 43

Santana, 43, 51

Saturday Evening Post, 117

Sawyer, Diane, 349–350

Saxon Pub (aka the Pub) (Austin), 79, 104, 164–167

Scaggs, Boz, 24, 35, 80

Scales, Doug, 67

Scholz Beer Garden (Austin), 4

Schweitzer, Albert, 201–202

Screen Gems, 194, 197

Scruggs, Earl, 232

Sebastian, John, 66

Seeger, Pete, 26

Sexton, Will and Charlie, 360

Shankar, Ravi, xvii, 7, 357

Shannon, Tommy, 50, 290, 294, 310

Shaver, Billy Joe, 12, 68, 71, 182, 227, 258, 262, 302, 306–307, 355, 358–360

Shawn Sahm (Shawn Sahm), 337

Shelter Records, 141, 145–148, 150, 304, 316

Shinebox (Gourds), 355

Shiva’s Headband, 58–59, 62, 68

Shortcuts (movie), 328

Shotgun Willie (Nelson), 224, 226–227, 252, 276–227, 252, 276

Shrake, Bud, 64, 277

Shumate, Mark, 317

Silver Spur (Bandera, Texas), 323, 342

Simmons, Bob, 76

Simon, Paul, 78, 154, 159, 237

Sinatra, Frank, 222

Sir Douglas Quintet, xviii, 24, 46, 52, 284, 331, 334

Skunks, 282

Skyliner Ballroom (Fort Worth), 298

Slaughter, Marion Try. See Dalhart, Vernon

Smith, Bobby Earl, 81

Smith, Hal, 222

Smith, Jedediah, 162–163

Smith, Jimmy, 350–355, 353

Smith, John Pierre, 24

Smith, Sammi, 226, 235, 258, 262

Snoop Doggy Dogg, 354–355

Snow, Hank, 20, 227

Soap Creek Saloon (Austin), 52, 54–55, 288, 300, 335–336, 342

Sold American (Friedman), 182

So Many Rivers (Ball), 362

Song of Hugh Glass, The (Neihardt), 161

Sony (label), 346

South by Southwest music festival, 310, 342, 349, 355, 358

Southern, Terry, 176

Sparkles, 170

Sparks, Speedy, 332, 337

Spears, Bea, 223, 226

Spindletop, 21

Spinning around the Sun (Gilmore), 306, 317

Split Rail Inn (Austin), 81

Springsteen, Bruce, 82, 305–306

Stardust (Nelson), 277

Starr, Ringo, 14

Stars and Guitars (Nelson), 357

Steiner, Herb, 99, 214, 358

Step Inside This House (Lovett), 324, 329

Stevens, Ray, 198

Stevenson, B. W., 13, 73, 129–140, 131, 141, 280, 357

Stevie Ray Vaughan: Caught in the Crossfire (Patoski), 288

Stewart, Rod, 189

Stills, Stephen, 116, 122–124

St. John, Powell, 20–22, 38, 43

Stofer, Wally, 22, 50

Stoned, Slow, Rugged (Weir), 174

Storm, 288

Storyville, 308–310

Straitjackets, 298

Strehli, Angela, 48, 49, 288, 294, 296, 303

Stubblefield, C. B. “Stubb,” 304

Stubb’s Barbecue (Austin), 310

Sub (Denton, Texas), 57

Subdudes, 352

Sublett, Jesse, 282–284

Sugar Hill (label), 322, 340, 355

Sun Records, 115

Sweetheart of the Rodeo (Byrds), 14

Swingers á Go–Go (Austin), 170

Taj Mahal, 127

Taylor, James, 145

Taylor, Jesse “Guitar,” 48, 50, 304–307, 307, 346, 358

Tex, Joe, 298

Texas A&M University (College Station, Texas): as source of musicians, 318–320, 324–326

Texas Flood (S. Vaughan), 294

Texas Folklore Society, 18

Texas Jewboys, 182, 281

Texas Monthly, 267–268, 275

Texas Observer, 66, 267, 352

Texas Opry House, 80–81, 208, 271, 278

Texas Playboys, 270, 281

Texas Speed Museum (Austin), 36, 199

Texas Tornado (D. Sahm), 52

Texas Tornados, 332–334, 333

Thief (movie), 277

Thomas, Irma, 296

Thornton, Big Mama, 288

Threadgill, Kenneth: and influence on Austin music scene, 17–21, 19, 29–34, 73, 75, 96, 130, 254, 258, 306, 357; and Janis Joplin, 20–24, 27–29, 32. See also Threadgill’s

Threadgill’s, 17–21, 29–32, 35, 57, 191, 357. See also Threadgill, Kenneth

Threadgills (band), 254, 262

Three Dog Night, 132, 136

Time, 226

Time Out of Mind (Dylan), 336

T-Nichol House Band, 48

Tolleson, Mike, 60–62, 67, 72, 188, 255

Tomato Records, 316

Too Long in the Wasteland (J. McMurtry), 338

Tower, John, 89

Tracer Club (Fort Worth), 298

Triple Threat, 290

Tubb, Ernest, 20, 227, 232

Tucker, Marshall, 120

Tucker, Tanya, 80

Twine Time (KUT radio show), 288

Uncle Tupelo, 354

Uncle Walt’s Band, 146, 147, 328, 357

University of Texas: and music scene, 35, 73

UPI: crew, 259–260; reporter, 274

Urban Cowboy (movie), 285

Us, 129

Vaughan, Jimmie, 288–296, 295

Vaughan, Stevie Ray, 50, 288–296, 291, 293, 297, 310

Vanguard (label), 158, 179, 184, 186

Van Zandt, Townes, 36, 37, 304, 329, 355, 357

Victim of Life’s Circumstances (McClinton), 300

Vietnam War, and LBJ, 89–90

¡Viva Terlingua! (Walker), 105–109, 358

Vulcan Gas Company (Austin), 41, 48, 50, 58–60, 63, 292, 335

Wagoner, Porter, 220, 306–307

Waits, Tom, 282, 336

Walker, Django, 280, 344

Walker, Jerry Jeff: Austin performances of, 97, 100–103, 108–109, 281; and Luckenbach, 92, 93, 104–105; and music scene, 13, 36–38, 74, 79, 93, 96–110, 125, 150–151, 170, 180, 189, 199, 214, 226, 235, 241,270–271, 280–281, 304, 312, 318, 329, 342, 344, 347, 358–360; and recording in Austin, 98–100, 104–108

Walker, Susan, 280

Walker, T-Bone, 44, 46, 287, 298

Waller Street Boys, 20

Walser, Don, 360

Warner Brothers (label), 331, 344; Warner Communications, 122

Washington Post, 188

Waterloo Records (Austin), 317, 358

Watkins, Larry, 73–76, 290

Watts, Alan, 203

WBAP (Fort Worth), 296

Weld, Tuesday, 277

Western Palace (Dallas), 184

West Textures (Keen), 322

Wexler, Jerry, 81, 224, 292

What I Deserve (Willis), 349

Wheel, The (movie), 156

Whistler, 7

Whitehead, Glen, 64

Whitman, Charles, 4, 60, 183–184

Whitney Museum, 62

Whole Earth Catalogue, 92, 200, 202, 270

Wichita Falls, Texas, xi–xix, 57–58

Wicked Grin (Hammond), 336

Wickman, Melinda, 138, 157, 185, 192, 212–213, 235, 241, 267–271, 269, 275

Wier, Rusty, 13, 73, 169–178, 171, 175, 214, 280, 334–335, 358

Wig, 169–170

Wiggins, Lannie, 20

Williams, Andy, 100

Williams, Big Joe, 40

Williams, Billy, 326

Williams, Don, 284

Williams, Hank, 21, 227, 358

Williams, Hank Jr., 79, 238

Williamson, Sonny Boy, 298

Willie’s (Stillwater, Oklahoma), 316

Willis, Kelly, 341–350, 343

Wills, Bob, 5, 224, 270, 281, 296, 298, 316, 323

Wilson, Eddie: and founding of Armadillo World Headquarters, 60–72; and influence on music scene, 58–59, 73, 80, 86, 145–146, 149, 170, 188, 212, 254, 258–259, 271–273, 306, 357

Wilson, Hank, 258

Wilson, Jeannie, 59, 212

Wilson, Kim, 290, 294–295, 295

Wilson, Minor, 22

Winter, Johnny, 43, 50, 290–292

Wolf man Jack, 76

Woodstock (movie), 252, 255

Yarborough, Ralph, 89

“Ye Are Not Crazy Man” (poem) (Erickson), 43

Yesterday’s Wine (Nelson), 227

Young, Art, 78

Zappa, Frank, 53

Zilker Park Folk Festival, 35, 115