Illustrations ix
Contributors xiii
Acknowledgements xxvii
Section I 1
1 Historical perspective: what are corpora and how have they evolved?Michael McCarthy and Anne O’Keeffe 3
2 Theoretical overview of the evolution of corpus linguisticsElena Tognini Bonelli 14
Section II Building and designing a corpus: what are the key considerations? 29
3 Building a corpus: what are the key considerations?Randi Reppen 31
4 Building a spoken corpus: what are the basics?Svenja Adolphs and Dawn Knight 38
5 Building a written corpus: what are the basics?Mike Nelson 53
6 Building small specialised corporaAlmut Koester 66
7 Building a corpus to represent a variety of a languageBrian Clancy 80
8 Building a specialised audio-visual corpusPaul Thompson 93
Section III Analysing a corpus: what are the basics? 105
9 What corpora are available?David Y.W. Lee 107
10 What are the basics of analysing a corpus?Jane Evison 122
11 What can corpus software do?Mike Scott 136
12 How can a corpus be used to explore patterns?Susan Hunston 152
13 What are concordances and how are they used?Christopher Tribble 167
14 What can corpus software reveal about language development?Xiaofei Lu 184
Section IV Using a corpus for language research: what can a corpus tell us about language? 195
15 What can a corpus tell us about lexis?Rosamund Moon 197
16 What can a corpus tell us about multi-word units?Chris Greaves and Martin Warren 212
17 What can a corpus tell us about grammar?Susan Conrad 227
18 What can a corpus tell us about registers and genres?Douglas Biber 241
19 What can a corpus tell us about specialist genres?Michael Handford 255
20 What can a corpus tell us about discourse?Scott Thornbury 270
21 What can a corpus tell us about pragmatics?Christoph Rühlemann 288
22 What can a corpus tell us about creativity?Thuc Anh Vo and Ronald Carter 302
Section V Using a corpus for language pedagogy and methodology 317
23 What can a corpus tell us about language teaching?Winnie Cheng 319
24 What features of spoken and written corpora can be exploited in creating language teaching materials and syllabuses?Steve Walsh 333
25 What is data-driven learning?Angela Chambers 345
26 How can data-driven learning be used in language teaching?Gaëtanelle Gilquin and Sylviane Granger 359
27 How can we prepare learners for using language corpora?Passapong Sripicharn 371
Section VI Designing corpus-based materials for the language classroom 385
28 What can a corpus tell us about vocabulary teaching materials?Martha Jones and Philip Durrant 387
29 What a corpus tells us about grammar teaching materialsRebecca Hughes 401
30 Corpus-informed course book designJeanne McCarten 413
31 Using corpora to write dictionariesElizabeth Walter 428
32 Using corpora for writing instructionLynne Flowerdew 444
33 What can corpora tell us about English for Academic Purposes?Averil Coxhead 458
34 How can teachers use a corpus for their own research?Elaine Vaughan 471
Section VII Using corpora to study literature and translation 485
35 What are parallel and comparable corpora and how can we use them? Marie-Madeleine Kenning 487
36 Using corpora in translationNatalie Kübler and Guy Aston 501
37 How can corpora be used to explore the language of poetry and drama?Dan McIntyre and Brian Walker 516
38 How can corpora be used to explore literary speech representation?Carolina P. Amador-Moreno 531
Section VIII Applying corpus linguistics to other areas of research 545
39 How to use corpus linguistics in sociolinguisticsGisle Andersen 547
40 How to use corpus linguistics in the study of media discourseKieran O’Halloran 563
41 How to use corpus linguistics in forensic linguisticsJanet Cotterill 578
42 How to use corpus linguistics in the study of political discourseAnnelie Ädel 591
43 How to use corpus linguistics in the study of health communicationSarah Atkins and Kevin Harvey 605
44 How can corpora be used in teacher education?Fiona Farr 620
45 How can corpora be used in language testing?Fiona Barker 633
Index 647