CONTENTS

List of Illustrations

Prologue: War Plan Orange

Sources and Technical Notes

Acknowledgments

Introduction: Bankruptcy

1Trading with the Enemy

2The 1930s: Financial Power Slumbering

3Hanging by a Silken Thread

4Japan’s Failed Quest for Dollars through Manufacturing

5Anticipating Japan’s Bankruptcy, 1937–1940

6Birth of an Embargo Strategy: The Alternative to Bankrupting Japan

7Export Controls, 1940 to Mid-1941

8The Japanese Financial Fraud in New York

9An Aborted Financial Freeze, Early 1941

10Japan’s Vulnerability in Strategic Resources

11The Vulnerability of the Japanese Economy and People

12The Vulnerability of Japanese Exports to the United States

13The Vulnerability of Japan in Petroleum

14Momentum for the Financial Freeze, May–July 1941

15The Fictitious U.S. Oil Shortage

16Freeze: The Crucial Month of August 1941

17Barter and Bankruptcy

18Calamity: The Economy under Siege

19Futility: The Final Negotiations

Epilogue: Bankruptcy and War Crimes

Appendix 1: The U.S. Oil Shortage that Never Was

Appendix 2: Details of the OSS/State Department Study of Japanese Foreign Trade and Finance

Notes

Bibliography

Index

Photographs follow page 180