Aachen cathedral, 209
Actium, 25
Adriatic Sea, 75, 79, 85, 117, 118–19, 123, 187, 276
Aegean Sea, 80, 85, 128, 171, 276
Aegina, 85
Agnadello, battle of, 129
Agrippina, Empress, 218
Alberti, Leon Battista, The Art of Building, 147–8
Alexander the Great, 47, 138, 180; Lysippus as favourite sculptor, 14, 26, 60, 140; reign, 182–3; figure of, 185; gilded statue, 264
Alexander sarcophagus, 258
Alexander, Tsar, 208
Alexius Angelus (Alexius IV, emperor), 79–81
Alexius I, emperor, 106
Alexius III, emperor, 79, 80–1
Alfieri, Vittorio, 214, 217, 240
Amalfi, 68
Anagni cathedral, 99
Anastasius, emperor, 65
Andros, 85
Angel Gabriel, 93
Anna Amalia of Saxe-Weimar, Dowager Duchess, 189
Antiochus IV, king of Commagene, 17
Antonine altar, 17
Antwerp cathedral, 199
Aphrodite 159; of Cnidus, 139, 175
Apollo, 17; statues, 24, 59; sanctuary at Delphi, 50
Apollo Belvedere, 2, 170, 181–2, 183, 200, 208, 210, 221, 230, 233
Aretino, Pietro, 146
Arezzo, 133
Argos, 147
Arrotino, 170
art: seizure of treasures, 6–7, 199–200, 207–10; classical (ancient), 12–1, 145–6, 233, 236, 259–60, 274; Christian, 98–9, 260; Platonic ideal, 146–8, 180, 228, 232; Venetian, 148–9, 168, 176; pagan, 154; sublime, 180–1, 184; Greek, 180, 182, 238, 259; Renaissance, 181; Roman imperial, 185; Napoleonic, 211; Egyptian, 234; Etruscan, 234; Roman, 238, 259; gothic, 247; Hellenistic, 257, 259–60, 262; psychological effect, 273; see also sculpture, ancient
Athena, 142
Athens, 17, 34–5, 41, 141–3, 229, 234, 274; falls to Turks, 141; sack by Sulla, 200 LANDMARKS: Acropolis, 141, 143, 238; Parthenon, 35, 59, 138, 139, 141–3, 175, 229, 231, 232; Piraeus, 59; tomb of Philopappas, 17, 138; see also Parthenon sculptures
Attila the Hun, 70
Auerstadt, battle of, 238
Augustus, emperor, 23, 25–7, 46, 177, 201, 259–60, 267; triumphal arch, 47, 141; on coins, 133; mausoleum, 141; Prima Porta statue, 260
Aurelii family, 136
Austerlitz, battle of, 203
Austria, 191–3, 196, 207, 224, 242, 244, 276
Baldwin of Flanders, 77, 85, 86
Barletta, 88
Bassae, 229
Belgium, 199
Bellini, Gentile, 149, 159, 167; Procession in the Piazza San Marco, 112, 113, 114, 122, 152
Bellini, Giovanni, 145, 148, 149, 167; The Madonna and Child Enthroned, 196
Bellini, Jacopo, 149, 150, 159
Belluno, 141
Beltrame, Achille, 253
Bergamo, 156
Berlin, University of, 238
Bern, 4
Bernini, Gian Lorenzo, 172
Bessarion, Cardinal, 134–5, 161, 163
Boeotia, 237
Bologna, 118, 130, 199; church of San Giacomo Maggiore, 150, 151
Bonaparte, Napoleon, see Napoleon Bonaparte
Boyle, Nicholas, 186
Bozzotti, Maria, 275n
Bramante, Donato, 275
Brandenburg, 238
Britain, 191, 207; Roman conquest, 46
British Museum, 209, 257; krater, 35
bronze, 50, 160, 171, 182, 185, 263–5; see also metal casting
Bruges, 199
Bulgars, 86
Byron, Lord, 187, 229, 245; Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage quoted, 223
Byzantine empire, 16, 62–3; relations with Venice, 68, 70–1, 75–7, 123; disputed throne, 79–81; fall, 85–6; revival, 118
Byzantium, 21–2, 30, 134, 268–9, 270, 275
Cacault, François, 214
Calamis (sculptor), 143
Caligula, emperor, 23
Canal, Martino da, 92, 107, 109
Canaletto (Antonio Canal), 158, 159, 176, 224
Canova, Antonio, 8, 198, 208, 210, 211–22; relations with Napoleon, 211, 214–17; appointed Director of Museums in Rome, 217; negotiates return of art treasures, 218–19, 239; suggests horses be placed on waterfront in Venice, 224, 235; in London, 224–5; examines Elgin marbles, 226, 228–9; death and funeral, 239–40; Cupid and Psyche, 213; ‘Ideal Heads’, 221
Cape Artemisium, 32
Cape of Good Hope, 129
Caracalla, emperor, 17, 269, 270
Carpaccio, Vittore, 151, 153; St Augustine in his Study, 160–1
Carrey, Jacques, 142
Casanova, Giacomo Girolamo, 177
Castiglione, Sabba di, 159
Castlereagh, Lord, 208, 218, 221
casting, process of, 50–61; see also metal casting
Catholicism, 239
Cellini, Benvenuto, 53–8, 171, 263
Cestius, 133
Champollion, Jean François, 209n
Chaptal, Jean Antoine, 206
chariot racing, 22–3, 26–7, 36–44, 49, 116; teams, 43, 64–5; replaced by imperial ritual, 66–7
chariots, 12, 34–7, 44, 97–8, 267–8
Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor, 133
Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, 130, 168, 236
Charles I, King of England, 172
Charles IX, King of France, 200
chemistry, 175
Chioggia, 127
Chios, 14, 30, 140, 237, 257, 259, 267–8
Choiseul-Daillecourt, M. de, 237
Chonai, 79n
Christianity, 63, 70, 101, 108, 132, 146, 238; destruction of pagan art, 154; and fall of Roman empire, 236
Christians, 15, 18, 20, 63, 236; destruction of statues, 174
Chronicon Paschale, 112
Cicognara, Count Leopold, 214, 224, 235–40; Il Bello, 235
Cimaroli, Battista, 177
Cimon, 38
Circe, 26
Claudius, emperor, 46
Clement VII, Pope, 130
Clement XIII, Pope, 213
Clement XIV, Pope, 213
Cleosthenes of Epidamnus, 49
Code Civil (Napoleonic), 201
Colbert, Jean-Baptiste, 172
Colleoni, Bartolomeo, 152, 155, 156–7, 158
Cologne, 27
Colonna, Giovanni, 132
Commagene, 17
Commodus, emperor, 45
Constantine, emperor: rise to power, 15–16; patronage of Christians, 15, 18, 20; founding of Constantinople, 16, 21–2, 25, 28–31, 62, 112, 268; sun symbolism 16–20, 28; adventus, 17, 24; ‘thirteenth apostle’, 22, 63; hippodromes, 24, 28; association with St Mark’s horses, 48, 60, 141, 173, 258, 268, 270, 271; acclaimed emperor, 64; preservation of Roman empire, 70; aped by Venetian doges, 117; equestrian statue ascribed to, 154
Constantine V, emperor, 66
Constantinople: St Mark’s horses in, 5, 13, 14, 48, 63, 141, 173, 237, 254, 257, 274; foundation, 16, 21–2, 25, 28–31, 62, 90–1, 112, 268; falls to Ottoman Turks, 62, 128, 134–5; Nika riots, 65–6, 68; Book of Ceremonies, 67; population, 67; rebuilding, 68, 269–70; Venetian community, 68, 71, 73, 76, 81, 117–18; Venetian conquest, 68, 80–91, 92, 95, 117, 134, 135; Genoan community, 75; trade, 75–7; treasures removed to Venice, 87–91, 93–5, 106; quadrigae used in triumphs, 98; podesta, 105–6; Easter procession, 107–8; imperial coronations, 109
LANDMARKS: Church of the Holy Apostles, 22, 72, 82, 89; church of St Polyeuktos, 88, 94; hippodrome, 24–30, 60, 63–4, 66, 84, 89, 90, 110–12, 114, 140, 257, 268, 274, 275; imperial forums, 73; Mese, 29; Milion, 29, 63, 90–1, 237, 257, 268–71; Santa Sophia, 22, 68, 86, 88, 99; Stama, 29, 268
Constantius, emperor, 88
Contarini, Gasparo, 130
Contarini family, 136
copper, 10, 50, 56, 175, 184–5, 254–5, 263–7, 270, 277; see also metal casting
Cornaro family, 136
Corone, 128
Coryat, Thomas, 94, 140, 165–6, 169
Croton, 147
Crouzet-Pavan, Elisabeth, 135
crusades, 77, 135; see also Fourth Crusade
Ctesiphon, 269
Cyriacus of Ancona, 137–8, 142–3
Cyzicus, 138
Dalmatian coast, 75, 117, 128, 136, 196
Damascus, 73
Dancing Faun, 170
Dandolo, Count Girolamo, 237
Dandolo, Enrico, 76–80, 83, 84–7, 89–91, 92, 95, 107, 123, 247; death in Constantinople, 86, 95
Dandolo, Giovanni, 107
Dandolo, Raniero, 86
Danube, River, 21
Daru, Pierre, History of the Venetian Republic quoted, 190
David, Jacques Louis, 6, 201; The Oath of the Horatii, 177
de Quincy, Quatremère, 6, 215, 219
Delphi, 14, 24, 49, 50, 59, 258, 262; charioteer, 50, 51, 189
Demetrius Poliorcetes, 258, 259
Demus, Otto, 116
denarius, 44
Denon, Vivant, 203–4, 206, 209, 210, 215–16, 217, 219
Desaix, Louis Charles Antoine, 215
Description d’Egypte, 204
Diaghilev, Sergei, 246
Dickens, Charles, 244
Dio Cassius, 30
Directory, 3, 192; overthrown, 201
doges, 71, 86, 105–20, 126, 131, 191, 275, 276; elections, 109, 120; ceremonials, 110–12, 117, 120, 134; decline, 118–20; succession, 119; corno, 194, 195
Dolce, Ludoviso, Dialogo della Pittura, 146
Doni, Anton Francesco, 152
Dresden, 180
ducats, 123
Duino, 249
Dürer, Albrecht, 152
Dying Gladiator, 221
Egypt, 3, 26, 53, 77, 78, 209, 264, 275; Mameluke, 135; Napoleon’s expedition, 206; art, 234
Eirene, empress, 106
Elba, 207
electroplating, 266
Eleutherae, 237
Elgin, Lord, 209, 222, 226, 227–9, 230; see also Parthenon sculptures
Elsner, Jas, 267
England, 128, 129, 170–1, 172, 181, 210
Enlightenment, 4, 5, 177, 235, 242
Ephesus, 17
Eraclea, 116
Eugenius IV, Pope, 137
Euphranor (sculptor), 143
Euphrates, river, 21
Eusebius of Caesarea, bishop, 20
Falier, Angelo, 106
Falier, Doge Ordelafo, 106
Falier, Giovanni, 211
Ficino, Marsilio, 146
Filarete (Antonio Averlino), 154
Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge, 161
Florence, 54, 148, 181, 200, 217, 240; baptistery, 266; Church of Santa Croce, 214; Tribuna, 170, 174
Fontaine, Pierre-François-Léonard, 203
Fourth Crusade, 5, 14, 77–83 passim, 122, 247
France, 128, 133, 167, 189, 191, 195, 245; king of, 130; under Napoleon, 201, 214, 235; in defeat, 207–10
Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor, 219, 224
Francis I, King of France, 171, 172, 200
Franco, Veronica, 167
Frederick Barbarossa, Holy Roman Emperor, 127
French Revolution, 186, 189, 190, 192, 196, 235
Friuli, 128
Futurists, 251
Galata, 117
Galeazzo, Gian, 128
Galliazzi, Vittorio, 90, 258, 259
Gattalamata (Erasmo da Narni), 156
Gaul, 47
Gavagnin, Armando, 254
Gazette Nationale, 6
Genoa, 68, 75, 77, 117, 118–19, 127
Germanicus, 46
Germany, 123, 186, 189, 206, 237–9
Ghiberti, Lorenzo, 139; Gates of Paradise, 266
Giorgione, 152; Sleeping Venus, 148, 273
Giotto, 275, Expulsion from the Temple, 102–3
Giustinian, Pietro, 140
Goess, Count Peter von, 224
Goethe, Johan Wolfgang von, 12, 49, 185–9, 233, 234; Italian Journey quoted, 69
Golden Horn, 117
Goldoni, Carlo, 176
Goths, 236
Gozzi, Carlo, 195
Gradenigo, Doge Pietro, 119; exhumed, 194
Gradenigo, Marco, 117
Grand Tour, 234
Greece, 85, 182, 229, 237; ancient, 7, 12, 180, 234, 238; horses, 33, 49; four-horse chariots, 36; bronze casting, 50, 59; under Roman empire, 131, 180, 184; climate, 181
Greeks, 40–1, 59, 238, 259; Orthodox, 81; in Venice, 134–5; craftsmen, 269–70
Gregory the Great, Pope, 236
Guardi, Francesco, 176
Guasco, Octave, 185
Hadrian, emperor, 23, 138, 143, 154, 184, 228, 254, 267
Hadrian’s Wall, 264
Haimo of Auxerre, 100
Halicarnassus, mausoleum, 257
Hamilton, William, 209, 218–19, 221–2, 228
Hampton Court, 172
Hannibal, 136
harma, 97
Hartleben, Lehmann, 256
Haydon, Benjamin, 230–3, 238, 273
Helicon, Mount, 25
Heliopolis, 26
Helios, 35
Henry, emperor, 86
Henry III, King of France, 166–7
Henry IV, King of France, 200
Hera, head of, 84
Herculaneum, 256
Hercules: statues, 25–6, 84; reliefs, 93, 114–16; statuette, 264
Herod, King, 249
Herodotus, 181
Heyne, Christian, Gottlieb, 89
hippodromes, 22–30, 42–3, 110–12, 114, 116, 118–20, 275; spina, 24, 27; obelisks, 26, 27; ‘eggs’, 27
Horace, 145
horses: burial, 33; rarity in Greece, 33; teams of four, 33–4; harness, 40–1; ideal, 148–9; breeds, 238, 260; manes, 260; in Texas, 272
horses of St Mark’s: taken to Paris, 1–4, 196–7, 201–5, 214, 274; symbolism, 8; cast in copper, 10, 175, 184–5, 236, 262–4, 266–7, 270; gilding, 10, 59, 185, 188–9, 220, 236, 254, 264–7, 270; aesthetic impact, 10–11, 273–4; manes, 10, 260; eyes, 11, 261, 262; harness, 11, 41, 127, 267; size and proportions, 12, 188–9, 232, 236, 257, 260, 267; origins, 13–14, 30–1, 48, 60, 138–43, 173–5, 185, 230–40, 256–71; attributions, 14, 59–60, 138–40, 142–3, 230, 231, 237, 238; in Constantinople, 5, 13, 14, 48, 63, 141, 173, 237, 254, 257, 274; brought to St Mark’s, 89–91, 94–7, 274; identification, 89–91; copied by Giotto in Padua, 103, 104; Petrarch’s description, 110, 133, 138; Bellini’s depiction, 112, 113; functions in Venice, 117–18, 127–8, 131; model for Julius Caesar’s horse, 134; Cyriacus’s description, 137–8; as ideal horses, 148; as artistic models, 148–52, 156, 161; as tourist attractions, 152, 154, 157, 161; position, 157–8; reproductions, 159–61, 272; seized by Napoleon, 172; Winckelmann’s account, 184–5; Goethe’s description, 187–9, 233; return from France, 210, 211, 219–21, 223–7, 276; Canova’s early knowledge, 212; and Parthenon sculptures, 222, 230–3, 257; Cicognara’s treatise, 236–8; in Rogers’s poem, 246–7; Ruskin’s description, 248; Proust’s description, 249; in Rilke’s poem, 250–1; collapse of Campanile, 251; First World War, 252, 253–4; Second World War, 254; pollution threat, 254–5, 276; placed inside St Mark’s, 255; styles, 259, 262, 267, 270; Roman era date, 266–7, 269; as cultural icons, 272–7; Zanella’s poem, 275–6
Horses of the Carrousel, The, 198
Howard, Thomas, Earl of Arundel, 170–1
Humboldt, Wilhelm von, 238
Hundred Years War, 128
Hungarians, 75, 76, 78, 98, 119, 243
Hungary, 149; kings of, 108; queen of, 171
Hypatius, proclamation of, 65, 66
iconoclasts, 49
Impressionists, 201n
India, 166
Innocent III, Pope, 77, 78–80, 85–6
Ischia, 41
Istanbul, 88; Archaeological Museum, 258
Italia, 214
Italy, 6, 47, 68, 69–71, 77, 133, 139, 156, 186; French invasion (1494), 129; Habsburg domination, 130; travel in, 154; antiquities on display, 169–70; Napoleon invades, 190–2, 199–200, 235; removal of art treasures, 206, 209, 217, 235; genius of, 213–14; Napoleon proclaims himself king, 216; revived nationalism, 235, 239–40, 241; in First World War, 251–2
Jena, battle of, 238
Jerusalem, 77, 108; Solomon’s Temple, 94; Temple, 102–3
Jews, 196
John of Austria, Don, 166
John the Deacon, 121
John, emperor, 98
Jones, Inigo, 171
Josephus, 23
Julius Caesar, 5, 106, 134, 195, 201
Jupiter, 46
Justinian, emperor, 63, 65–6, 67, 68, 70; corpse violated, 82; porphyry head of, 89, 93
Knights of the Golden Spur, 168
La Sensa, 117
Lake Coniston, 249
Laocoön, 2, 170, 171, 182, 200, 221
Latins, 81
League of Cambrai, 129
Lecky, William, 62
Leghorn, 4
Leitz, Joseph, 237
Leo I, emperor, 107
Leo the Great, Pope, 20
Leopardi, Alessandro, 156–7, 158
Lepcis Magna, 269
Libérateur (ship), 193
Licinius, emperor, 25
Lille, Comte de, 191
Liverpool, Lord, 208
Lombardy, 192
London, 74, 224–5, 227–9; Apsley House, 216; Burlington House, 228, 230; Royal Academy, 225, 230; Somerset House, 230
Louis IX, King of France, 87
Louis XIV, King of France, 172, 203; equestrian statue, 58, 60
Louis XV, King of France, 206
Louis XVI, King of France, 191, 207, 235
Louis XVIII, King of France, 207, 218, 220
Louis Napoleon, Emperor, 243
Lysippus, 14, 26, 60, 143, 175, 185, 231, 237, 238, 259; Chariot of the Sun, 140, 141, 258
Machiavelli, Niccolò, 129
Manin, Daniele, 242–3, 244, 254, 276
Manin, Ludovico, 194
Mann, Thomas, Death in Venice, 241, 246
Mantegna, Andrea, 145
Mantua, 129
Manuel, emperor, 75–7, 98, 110
Marat, Jean Paul, 201
Marathon, battle of, 262
Marcian, emperor, 88
Marcus Aurelius, emperor, 45, 136; equestrian statue, 54, 154–7, 184, 200, 260, 262, 266
Marengo, battle of, 215
Marie-Louise of Austria, Empress, 206, 216
Mark Antony, 25
Mars Ultor, 47
Maxentius, emperor, 17, 24, 262
Medici, Catherine de’, 200
Medici, Cosimo de’, 54, 55, 146
Medici, Francesco de’, 170
Mediterranean Sea, 67–8, 71, 92, 118, 123, 137–8, 175
metal casting, 50–61; lost-wax method, 53, 59; indirect method, 58–9, 60, 262–4
Metternich, Prince, 224
Michael Palaiologos, emperor, 117
Michelangelo, 54, 146, 154–5, 157, 160, 181; Madonna, 199
Michiel, Doge Vitale, 75
Milan, 125, 128, 129, 200; duke of, 127
Milvian Bridge, battle of the, 15, 17, 18, 24
Mocenigo, Doge Alvise, 167
Modena, 200
Modon, 128
Molmenti, Pompeo, 166
Montfaucon, Bernard de, L’Antiquité expliquée, 172, 181
Montesquieu, Charles-Louis de Secondat, Baron de la Brède et de, 6, 176
Morosini, Doge Marino, 108
Morosini, Domenico, 95
Moses, 20
Mother of God, 98
Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus, 273
Munich, National Museum, 161
Mussolini, Benito, 254
Myron, 237
Naples, royal family, 218
Napoleon Bonaparte: seizure of St Mark’s horses, 1, 3, 5–6, 172, 197–8, 211; on men of genius, 7; downfall, 8, 207; demolitions in Venice, 125, 158, 235; in Italy, 172, 190–4, 199–200, 235; overthrow of Venetian republic, 189, 194, 213; signs Treaty of Campio Formio, 196; first consul, 201; emperor, 201; commissions triumphal arches, 203–4; depicted in quadriga, 204; lack of aesthetic taste, 205–6; relations with Canova, 211, 214–17; king of Italy, 216; Il Bello, 235
Napoleonic Wars, 186
Negroponte, 128
Nelson, Lord, 218
Nelson, Robert, 272
Nemea, 49
Nero, emperor, 47–8, 50, 60, 140–1, 182, 185, 218; reign of, 106, 174, 185, 236; head of, 237; gilding statue of Alexander, 264
New York Public Library, 272
Nicaea, 21
Nietzsche, Friedrich Wilhelm, 186
Nievo, Ippolito, 194
Niketas Choniates, 79, 82–5, 89, 98, 259, 271
Oddy, Andrew, 266
Odyssey, 33
Olympia, 41, 49, 274; statue of Zeus, 139
Olympic Games, 37–9, 41, 49, 143, 239, 274
Orestes, 39
Orpheus, 211
Orwell, George, Animal Farm, 201
Padua, 73, 125, 127, 128, 133, 145, 160, 168; Arena (or Scrovegni) Chapel, 102–3, 104, 275; basilica of Sant’Antonio, 156; Palazzo della Raggione, 146; University, 275n
Palazzeschi, Aldo, Il Doge, 277
Palladio, Andrea, 125, 168–9, 171, 187, 211, 213, 224, 248, 275
Palma il Giovane, Jacopo, 83, 92
Paphos, 159
Parastaseis Syntomoi Chronikai, 29, 31, 90, 140, 237
Paris, 74, 140, 172, 198, 210, 237, 244, 250; arrival of St Mark’s horses, 1–4, 274; centre of European culture, 7; sewerage system, 203; Canova in, 214, 216; removal of St Mark’s horses, 219–21, 223, 276
LANDMARKS: Arc de Triomphe, 203; Arc du Carrousel, 198n, 203, 205, 219, 221, 266, 274; Esplanade des Invalides, 221; Hôpital des Invalides, 197; Louvre, 5, 200–1, 204, 207–10, 220, 221; Musée Napoleon, 201, 206, 207; Musée Royale, 207; Palais Royal, 209; Place de Vendôme, 203, 204; Place du Carrousel, 203, 220; Sainte-Chapelle, 87; Tuileries, 191, 200–1, 202, 204, 207, 214, 220
Parma, 200
Parthenon sculptures, 209, 222, 225–33, 257, 260, 274
Patroclus, 37
Paul III, Pope, 54
Peleus and Thetis, 35
Peloponnese, 85, 128, 176, 229
Pemble, John, 244; Venice Rediscovered, 245
Pergamum, 257
Perseus, 4; Cellini’s, 54–7, 263
Persia, 259
Perugia, 200
Peschiera, 192
Petrarch, 110, 111, 132–4, 137, 138; edited by Bembo, 145
Phidias, 14, 59, 138–9, 140, 142, 143, 175, 180, 225, 230, 231; Canova as ‘the new’, 213
Philip of Macedon, 21, 138, 184
Philip II, King of Spain, 166, 167
Philopappus of Commagene, 17, 138
Piazzetta, Giambattista, 177
Piranesi, Giovanni Battista, 233–4, 236; Capricci, 234; Vedute, 234
Pisano, Giovanni, 102
Pius VI, Pope, 2, 199, 214, 218
Pius VII, Pope, 207, 214, 216–18
Plato, 17, 146–7, 180; Idea or Form of Beauty, 146–7, 273
Pliny the Elder, Natural History, 139–40, 143, 145, 146–7, 174, 175, 180, 182, 185, 228, 258, 264
Pliny the Younger, 42
Plutarch, 4
Po, River, 252
Pola, 136
Pompey, 46
Portugal, 129
pottery, Roman, 145
Praxiteles, 139, 140, 159, 175, 180
Prince Regent, 225
Procopius, 65
Proust, Marcel, 249
Prussia, 191, 207, 208, 238, 244
pyramids, 273
Pyromachus (sculptor), 143
Pythian Games, 49
quadrigae, 5, 13, 14, 31, 59, 98, 140, 143, 230, 238, 257–8; illustrations, 35, 36, 37, 38, 42, 99; on triumphal arches, 47–8, 236, 260, 269, 271; in Christian art, 98–101, 275; used in triumphs, 98, 274; St Mark’s horses as, 118, 158, 174–5; on frontispiece to Description d’Egypte, 204; recreated in Paris, 221; used in apotheosis, 224; of Septimius Severus, 269–70
Raphael, 3, 145, 170, 181, 232
Rascia, king of, 108
Renaissance, 8, 53, 139, 174, 247–8, 274; attitude to the past, 132; intellectual life, 144; rediscovery of classical writers, 147; Florentine, 149; typical scholar’s study, 160, 161; periods of art, 181
repristino, 246
revolutions of 1848, 14; in Venice, 242–3
Richter, Gisela, 256
Rilke, Rainer Maria, 249; ‘San Marco’, 250–1
Robertson, Andrew, 210
Robespierre, Maximilien, 4
Rogers, Samuel, 247
Romagna, 129
Roman empire, 70, 105, 131, 149; Venetian ‘lords of quarter and half a quarter’ of the Roman [ie. Byzantine] empire, 106–7, 117; late, 139; collapse, 174, 236
Romans, 40–2, 44, 59, 248, 259; ‘decadent’, 238
Rome, 70, 116, 181, 189, 274; art treasures seized, 2–3, 200, 213–14, 221; ancient, 4–5, 7, 12, 14, 98, 106, 132, 136, 180, 234–5; Constantine’s entry, 17, 24; Etruscan kings, 41, 44, 46; authority over Byzantine church, 79, 81, 82; sacked by Charles V, 130, 236; association with St Mark’s horses, 140–1, 173, 254, 256–7; art collections, 170; republican, 177, 201; imperial, 201, 203; Canova in, 212–13, 216, 225, 226; French leave, 217; Canova negotiates return of art treasures, 218–19; architecture, 233–4
LANDMARKS: Accademia of San Luca, 216; Ara Pacis, 260, 262; arch of Augustus, 47, 141; Arch of Constantine, 17–18, 108, 203, 260; arch of Nero, 47–8, 174, 237; arch of Septimius Severus, 269, 270; Arcus Tiberi, 256; Augustus’ mausoleum, 141; Baths of Diocletian, 132; Belvedere, 169–70; Capitoline Hill, 25–6, 46, 48, 54, 136, 140, 154, 158, 216, 262, 269; Capitoline Museums, 5, 169, 171, 200; Castel Sant’Angelo, 254; Church of the Holy Apostles, 213; Circus Maximus, 22–6, 41, 42; Colosseum, 17, 22–3, 106, 203; Forum, 46, 47, 48, 170, 216, 256; Palatine Hill, 22; Palazzo Altemps, 170; Palazzo Venezia, 252, 254; Pantheon, 132; Piazza del Popolo, 26n; Piazza del Quirinale, 139; Pincio Hill, 170; pyramid of Cestius, 133; St John Lateran, 154; St Peter’s, 20; Sistine Chapel, 170; Spada Palace, 267; Temple of Janus, 138–9; Trajan’s Column, 203; Trajan’s forum, 158; Vatican, 169, 175, 183, 229; Via Sacra, 256
Romulus and Remus, 133; statue, 84
Rootes, William, 204
Rosetta Stone, 209
Rossi, Giovanni, 275n
Rousseau, Jean Jacques, 5, 176, 177, 186
Rubens, Peter Paul, 170; Descent from the Cross, 199
Ruskin, John, 72, 74, 102, 135, 244, 245, 246, 247–9
Russia, 207
St Agatha, 87
St Anastasius, 87
St Demetrius, 93
St George, 93
St Helena, 87
St Lucia, 87
St Mark, 70, 100–1, 110, 121, 131, 136, 188, 213; body brought to Venice, 71, 96, 121, 136; relics, 72; lion, 87, 276; statue, 101; feast day, 112, 251; body rediscovered, 121
St Mark’s basilica, Venice, 78, 88–9, 100, 188, 250, 277; rebuilding, 73–4, 92–3, 101–2, 103, 106, 135; procurators, 93, 163, 168; reliefs of Hercules, 93, 114–16; arrival of the horses, 94–7, 274; burial place of doges, 108–9; as hippodrome, 119; civic ritual in, 122; Canova’s funeral, 211, 240; new republic celebrated, 242; Manin’s burial, 244; Ruskin’s description, 248; collapse of Campanile, 251; horses moved inside, 255, 256
baptistery, 109; chapel of St John the Evangelist, 109; chapel of San Isodoro, 109; Loggia, 5, 8, 89, 94–7, 109–10, 112, 116, 118, 132, 134, 138, 163, 211, 224, 235, 250, 252–4, 275, 276; mosaic of St Peter, 148; Palo d’Oro, 106, 109; Porta dei Fiori, 100; Porta San Alipio mosaic, 93, 96, 97, 100, 114, 116; Treasury, 87, 88, 93–4; see also horses of St Mark’s
St Paul the Martyr, 87
St Peter Damian, 100
St Symeon, 87
St Theodore, 71, 72; statue, 72, 87, 101
Salamis, 85
Samson, 116
Sand, George, 125
Sangallo, Giuliano da, 142
Sanskrit, 237
Sansovino, Francesco, 140–1, 152
Sansovino, Jacopo, 54, 162, 163, 168, 171, 173, 235, 248, 251
Sanudo, Marin, 136
Sardinia, 191
Savelli, Paolo, 156
Scandinavia, 275
Schlegel, August Wilhelm von, 237–8
Schlegel, Friedrich von, 237
Schwarzenberg, Prince of, 219
Scipio Africanus, 136
Scott, Walter, 210
sculpture, ancient (classical), 139–41, 146, 174, 259; see also Parthenon sculptures
Second Sophistic period, 267
Second World War, 254
Seine, River, 220
Septimius Severus, emperor, 21, 30, 269–71
Serbs, 110
sestertius, 48
Sgrabi, Vittorio, 276
Shaftesbury, third Earl of, 181
Shakespeare, William, 237
Shelley, Percy Bysshe, 245
Sidon, 258
Siena cathedral, 102
silver, 265
Sirmium, 24
Sitte, Camillo, 245
Sixtus IV, Pope, 169
Sobry, M., 237
Society of Dilettanti, 228
Soldani, Massimiliani, 171
Song of Songs, 100
Sophocles, 39
Soranzo, Doge Giovanni, 109, 136
Spain, 167, 191, 205, 206, 207
Sparta, 264
Stendhal, 213
Stravinsky, Igor, 246
Strong, Eugenie, 256
Stuart, James, and Nicholas Revett, Antiquities of Athens, 143
Sulla, 200
sun, 16–20, 26–8, 40; see also Sol, Sol Invictus
Symonds, John Addington, 245
Syracuse, 50
Syria, 17
Taj Mahal, 273
Talier, Angelo, 195
Tarentum, 26
Tarquinia, 41
Telemachus, 33
terraferma, 128, 129, 134, 136, 191–3, 198, 211
Theodora, empress, 65
Theodosius I, emperor, 27, 63, 108, 111
Theodosius II, emperor, 30, 80, 89, 259
Theophilus, 265
Thucydides, 30
Thurn und Taxis, Princess Marie von, 249
Tiber, River, 236
Tiepolo, Doge Giacomo, 105, 108
Tiepolo, Giambattista, 176
Tigris, River, 269
Tiridates, King of Armenia, 140
Titian, 3, 146, 152, 167–8, 169, 170, 176, 196, 211, 213, 245, 275; Assumption, 167; The Death of St Peter Martyr, 196
Trafalgar, battle of, 218
Trajan, emperor, 17, 22, 203; forum in Rome, 158
Treaty of Amiens, 215
Treaty of Campio Formio, 196
Treaty of Tolentino, 199, 207, 218
Trinidad, 4
triumphal arches, 47–8, 236–7, 256, 267, 269, 271
triumphs, 44–7, 64, 98, 267, 274
Turin, 200
Turks, 98, 118, 128, 176, 276; take Constantinople, 62, 128, 134–5; take Athens, 141; defeated at Lepanto, 166
Turner, William, 247
Tyre, fall of, 75
Uccello, Paolo, 148
Udine, 128
Ulm, battle of, 203
Valéry, Monsieur, 245
Vasari, Giorgio, Lives of the Artists, 156
Vasco da Gama, 129
Veneti, 116
Venetian Academy, 214, 224, 235, 239
Venetian empire, 105, 136, 138
Veneto, 70, 89, 243; artists, 144, 148
venezianita, 246
Venice, 3, 6, 31, 54; trade, 68, 71, 74–7, 82, 85, 86, 92, 94, 118–19, 123, 126, 128–9, 175, 245; first inhabitants, 69–70, 72, 194; architecture, 71–2, 135–6, 168–9, 187, 247–9, 275; artificial heritage, 73, 176; shipyards, 77; elections, 85; treasures looted from Constantinople, 87–91, 93–5, 106; thirteenth-century prosperity, 92, 122–3; under doges, 105–20; processions, 108, 112, 114, 121–2; scuole, 112, 122; republic, 121–31, 186; ‘marriage’ with the sea, 117; political crisis, 117–19; Great Council, 119–20, 125–6, 135, 193–4; the Serrata, 119, 125, 194; nobility, 119–20, 125–6, 163, 191, 193–4, 195; Council of Ten, 119, 176, 196; cittadini, 122; new building, 122–3, 235; Piovego, 122; fires, 123, 162; colleganza, 123; aristocracy, 123, 125; Senate, 126, 127, 145, 156, 163, 158, 192–3; Collegio, 126, 192; Signoria, 126, 156; at war, 127–9, 166, 175–6; secret of survival, 130–1; Petrarch visits, 133–4; Roman heritage, 134–6, 156, 163; influx of Greeks, 134–5; combined Roman and Greek heritage, 136–7, 233; Cyriacus visits, 138; Bembo’s history, 145; art, 148–9, 168, 176; Dürer visits, 152; the Schiavoni, 161; Coryat visits, 166; alleged public torture, 166; decadimento, 166; Bucintoro, 167, 196; courtesans, 167, 177; outbreak of plague, 168; economic decline, 169, 175, 190, 225, 241, 242; loss of purpose, 176; subject to derision, 177; Goethe visits, 186–9, 233; singers, 186–7; theatre, 187; fall of republic, 189, 190, 194, 213; barnabotti, 191; reduced military strength, 191; threatened by Napoleon, 192–4; ‘tyranny’, 192, 193; art treasures seized, 193, 196, 206, 214, 221; Committee of Public Instruction established, 194; history revised, 194; Tree of Liberty erected, 194–5; Golden Book, 195; Jewish ghetto opened up, 196; handed over to Austria, 196, 239, 241–3; lion, 197, 221; Canova negotiates return of art treasures, 218–19, 239; integrated into kingdom of Italy, 235; growing Italian nationalism, 239–40, 241; Canova’s funeral, 239–40; carbonari, 239; economic recovery, 241; tourists and expatriates, 241, 244–6, 276; middle classes, 242–3; new republic, 242, 244, 254; Wagner visits, 243; incorporated into Italy, 243–4; riots, 244; sexual licence, 245; decay, 245–6; restoration, 246; Ruskin visits, 247–8; Proust visits, 249; collapse of Campanile, 251, 277; air raids, 252; floods, 276; see also doges; horses of St Mark’s
LANDMARKS: Accademia, 112, 151, 240; Arsenale, 135, 224, 226; Bacino, 72, 162, 169; Campanile, 73, 94, 128, 162–3, 224, 244n, 251, 277; Campo dei Santi Giovanni e Paolo, 152, 154, 157; Church of St Barnabas, 191; Church of San Cipriano, 194; Church of San Gemignano, 73, 158, 235; Church of San Giorgio Maggiore, 124–5, 169, 224; Church of San Nicolo, 167; Church of Santa Maria dei Frari, 156, 167, 196, 240; Church of Santi Giovanni e Paolo, 108, 156, 196; Church of the Redentore, 169; Colonna del Bando, 94, 251; Dandolo Palace, 88; Doge’s Palace, 72, 92, 94, 120, 126, 135, 136, 162, 193, 224, 252, 254; Fenice, 195; Florian’s coffee-house, 177, 242, 254; Fondacio dei Tedeschi, 123; Fondacio dei Turchi, 245, 246; Giudecca, 169; Grand Canal, 74, 167, 244; Lido, 78, 167, 187, 245, 246; Loggetta, 163, 248, 251; Merceria, 74; Molo, 72, 94; monastery of San Giorgio Maggiore, 196; Murano, 123, 167; Palazzo Farsetti, 212; Palazzo Foscari, 167; Piazza San Marco, 73, 78, 92–3, 97, 101, 106, 108, 110–11, 114, 116–18, 120, 121, 125, 127, 147, 154, 156, 158, 162–3, 166, 177, 178–9, 194–5, 197, 211, 224, 235, 239, 242–5, 251, 275; Piazetta, 72, 73, 87, 94, 101, 109, 125, 135, 162–3, 169, 188, 197, 224, 226, 249, 251; Porto della Carta, 120; Procuratie Nuove, 235; Procuratie Vecchie, 162; Quadri coffee-house, 177; Rialto, 69, 74–5, 123; Rialto Bridge, 124–5; Sansovino’s Library, 162, 163, 173, 235, 251; Scala dei Giganti, 120, 136; Torcello, 72; Torre dell’Orologio, 147–8, 161–2; Zecca, 163; see also St Mark’s basilica
Venus de’ Medici, 170, 172, 174, 200
Venus Victrix, 217
Verona, 73, 125, 128, 186; Comte de Lille proclaimed king of France, 191; French occupy, 192
Veronese, 196, 221; Marriage at Cana, 206
Verrochio, Andrea del, 152, 155–7
Vespasian, emperor, 106
vestigia, 133
Vesuvius, Mount, 256
Vickers, Michael, 89n
Vico, Enea, 158
Victoria and Albert Museum, London, 172
Virgin Mary, 70, 80, 93, 106, 130, 132; see also Mother of God
Vitruvius, 168
Vivaldi, Antonio, 176
Vix krater, 38
Voltaire, 5
Vulgate, 97
Walters Art Gallery, Baltimore, 161
Wellington, Duke of, 208, 209, 216, 221
Winckelmann, Johann, 6, 180–5, 200, 228, 230, 234, 238, 247, 273
Yeats, W. B., 62
York, 64
Zanella, Giacomo, 275
Zanetti, Anton Maria di Gerolamo and Anton Maria Alessandro, 173–4, 223
Zara, 78, 79, 80, 119; Cathedral of St Anastasia, 151, 153
Zeno, Doge Reniero, 107, 108, 109, 116–17, 118
Zeno, Marino, 105