CONTENTS
Preface
Part I A static approximation
1 DEMAND
Type of analysis
Population
Needs, wants, and effective demand
Income and its distribution
Types of demand
Private demand
Public demand
Demand of the Church
Foreign demand
2 THE FACTORS OF PRODUCTION
Classes of “inputs”
Labor
Capital
Natural resources
Organization
3 PRODUCTIVITY AND PRODUCTION
Choice and productivity
The determinants of production
Medieval and Renaissance productivity levels
Positive production
Negative production
Part II Toward a dynamic description
4 THE URBAN REVOLUTION: THE COMMUNES
5 POPULATION: TRENDS AND PLAGUES
6 TECHNOLOGY
Technological developments: 1000–1700
The spread of technology
7 ENTERPRISE, CREDIT, AND MONEY
Enterprise and credit
Monetary trends
8 PRODUCTION, INCOMES, AND CONSUMPTION: 1000–1500
The great expansion: 1000–1300
Economic trends: 1300–1500
9 THE EMERGENCE OF THE MODERN AGE
Underdeveloped Europe or developed Europe?
European expansion
The scientific revolution
An energy crisis
10 THE CHANGING BALANCE OF ECONOMIC POWER IN EUROPE
Economic trends: 1500–1700
The decline of Spain
The decline of Italy
The rise of the northern Netherlands
The rise of England
Epilogue
Appendix tables
Notes
List of illustrations, maps, and figures
List of tables
Bibliography
Index