Index

A

AAPG. See American Association of Petroleum Geologists

Abou-Kassem. See Dranchuk

AGA. See American Gas Association

Agarwal, Al-Hussainy, and Ramey, 97

Al-Hussainy and Ramey, 261

Al-Hussainy, Ramey, and Crawford, 24041

Alkaline flooding, 412, 421, 42425

Allard and Chen, 32324

Allen, 121

Allen and Roe, 14345

Allowable production rate, 473

American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG), 2

American Gas Association (AGA), 2

American Petroleum Institute (API), 2

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), 24

Anschutz Ranch East Unit, 152

Anticline, 473

API. See American Petroleum Institute

Aquifers, 6

Arcaro and Bassiouni, 9798

Areal sweep efficiency, 36667, 473

Arps, 16465, 438

Artificial lift, 219, 250, 473

Ashman. See Jogi

Associated gas, 2, 28, 67, 80, 473

ASTM. See American Society for Testing and Materials

“Attic” (updip) oil, 382

Azimuth, 473

Aziz. See Mattar

B

Bacon Lime Zone, 143

Barnes. See Fancher

Bassiouni. See Arcaro

Bedding planes, 16364, 22930. See also Undersaturated oil reservoirs

bottomwater drive, 16364

edgewater drive, 16364

in measuring permeability, 22930

Beggs and Robinson, 5556

Bell gas field, 28, 33, 35, 89, 9296

Berry. See Jacoby

Bierwang field, 97

Big Sandy reservoir, 45, 4749, 68

Bitumen, 473

Black oil, 12, 53

Blackwell. See Richardson

Blasingame, 3840

Bobrowski. See Cook

Borshcel. See Sinha

Botset. See Wycoff

Bottom-hole pressure, 4, 6768, 26566, 28990, 476

Bottom-hole pressure gauge, 4

Boundary conditions, 264, 305, 474

Bounded reservoir, 474

Bourgoyne, Hawkins, Lavaquial, and Wickenhauser, 110

Boyd. See McCarthy

Boyle’s law, 22, 24

Brady. See Lutes

Brar. See Mattar

Bruskotter. See Russel

Bubble point, 474

Bubble-point pressure, 5, 11, 4547, 5056, 21011, 22124

Buckley. See Craze; Tarner

Buckley and Leverett, 6, 36975. See also Displacement, oil and gas

Buildup testing, 27782

Horner plot, 27982, 475

pseudosteady-state time region in, 27778

shut-in pressure, 27980

skin factor in, 27477

superposition, use of, 26772

Burrows. See Carr

C

Calculation (initial), gas and oil, 12431

Callaway. See Steward

Calvin. See Kleinsteiber

Canyon Reef reservoir (Kelly-Snyder field, Texas), 17176, 384

Capillary number, 41214, 421, 424

Capillary pressure, 24, 220, 35758

Cap rock, 474, 47778

Carbonate rock, 474

Carpenter, Schroeder, and Cook, 210

Carr, Kobayashi, and Burrows, 4142

Carter and Tracy, 323, 346

Casing, 474

Caudle. See Slobod

Charles’s law, 24

Chatas, 322

Chemical flooding processes, 42126. See also Tertiary oil recovery

alkaline processes, 42425

micellar-polymer processes, 42224

microbial flooding, 42526

polymer processes, 42122

problems in applying, 426

Chen. See Allen

Chiang. See Lutes

Chin. See Cook

Christensen, 411

Clark and Wessely, 6

Coats, 323

Coleman, Wilde, and Moore, 5

Compressibility factors, 21, 30, 36, 192, 196, 22224. See also Gas deviation factor; Isothermal compressibility; Supercompressibility factor

Condensate, 474

Connate water, 5, 149, 19497, 28384, 474

Conroe Field (Texas), 2038, 220, 299301, 35051

Contingent resources, 34

Cook. See Carpenter

Cook, Spencer, and Bobrowski, 217

Cook, Spencer, Bobrowski, and Chin, 161

Core, 474

Core Laboratories Inc., 160, 21115

Crawford. See Al-Hussainy

Craze and Buckley, 163

Cricondentherm, 910, 131

Critical point, 9, 415, 41819, 474

Critical saturation, 36061, 400401, 423

Crude oil properties, 4460

correlations, 44

formation volume factor (Bo) 4751

isothermal compressibility, 5153

saturated vs. undersaturated, 44

solution gas-oil ratio (Rso), 21, 4447, 6162, 477

viscosity, 5360

D

Darcy, 5

Darcy, as unit of measure, 474

millidarcy, 22829, 24950

Darcy flow, 347

Darcy’s law, 22732, 23639, 245, 24748, 297, 474

Davis. See Fatt

DDI. See Depletion drive index

Dead oil, 55, 121, 474

Depletion drive index (DDI), 8081, 2046, 217, 220

Dew-point pressure, 9, 2728, 12223, 14142, 152

Differential process, 14547, 20910, 214

Displacement efficiency, 35759, 36569, 474

Displacement, oil and gas, 357404

Buckley-Leverett displacement mechanism, 36975

enhanced oil recovery processes (EOR)

alkaline flooding, 412, 421, 42425

capillary number, 41214, 421, 424

chemical flooding processes, 42126

dynamic miscible process, 41719

forward dry combustion process, 430

forward wet combustion process, 430

in situ combustion, 430

miscible flooding processes, 41421

multiple-contact miscible process, 41720

in oil-wet systems, 42

polymer flooding, 421

residual oil, mobilization of, 41214

single-contact miscible process, 41517

steam-cycling or stimulation process, 428

steam-drive process, 42830

thermal processes, 42731

in water-wet systems, 412

immiscible processes, 36999

macroscopic displacement efficiency, 36569

anisotropy of hydro-carbon-bearing formation, effect on, 36566

areal sweep efficiency, 36667, 473

heterogeneities of hydro-carbon-bearing formation, 36566

limestone formations, 366, 369

pressure maintenance, 15253, 172, 176, 222

sandstone formations, 369

viscous fingering, 366, 4067, 411, 414, 42126, 478

mechanism

drag zone, 375

flood front, 244, 284, 361, 366, 375, 4012

oil bank, 375, 414, 423, 433

microscopic displacement efficiency, 35759

absolute permeability, 35960, 399402

capillary pressure, 24, 220, 35758

critical saturation, 36061, 400401, 423

fractional flow curve, 36465, 377

hydrocarbon saturation, 150, 361

interfacial tensions between fluids, 358, 362

relative permeability, 35965

residual saturation, 36162, 41718

transition zone, 362264, 37174, 381, 400401

wettability, 35758, 424, 479

oil recovery by internal gas drive, 38299

iteration techniques, 390

secant method, 390

recovery efficiency, 35769

relative permeability, 35965

waterflooding, 14, 233, 4056, 412, 422, 478

direct-line-drive, 367, 408

pattern flooding, 407

peripheral flooding, 407, 409

Displacement, oil by gas

downdip oil, 37778, 382

gravitational segregation in, 37682

oil recovery by internal gas drive, 38299

oil-wet rock, 475

updip (“attic”) oil, 382

water wet rock, 478

Dissolved gas, 2

Distillate, 121

Dotson, Slobod, McCreery, and Spurlock, 22

Downdip oil, 377, 78, 382

Downdip water wells, 97

Dranchuk and Abou-Kassem, 31, 38

Drawdown testing, 27274

Dry gas, 66, 103, 117, 15356, 41620. See also Lean gas

E

Eakin. See Lee

Earlougher, 262, 267

Earlougher, Matthews, Russell, and Lee, 272

East Texas field, 82

Echo Lake field, 113

Economics, in relation to gas, 18

Egbogah, 55

Eilerts, 32. See also Muskat

Elk Basin field (Wyoming and Montana), 161

Elk City field (Oklahoma), 217

Ellenburger formation (West Texas), 296

Emulsion, 474

Enhanced oil recovery (EOR), 14, 40535, 474

introduction to, 4056

secondary, 40612. See also Secondary oil recovery

tertiary, 41233. See also Tertiary oil recovery

EOR. See Enhanced oil recovery

Equations of state, 24. See also Ideal gas law; Pressure-volume-temperature

Equilibrium ratios, 13840, 14447

Estimated ultimate recovery (EUR), 4

EUR. See Estimated ultimate recovery

Excel, 439, 44855, 466, 471

Ezekwe, 22, 24, 44

F

Fancher, Lewis, and Barnes, 5

Farshad. See Ramagost

Fatt and Davis, 237

Fault, 475

Fetkovich, 6, 34650, 355, 438

Flash process, 145, 20910, 214. See also Saturated oil reservoirs

Flood front, 244, 284, 361, 366, 375, 4012

Fluid flow, single-phase. See Single-phase fluid flow

Fluid saturations, 24

Formation damage, 475

Formation volume factor (Bo), 3435, 4751, 61

Fracking. See Fracturing

Fractional flow curve, 36465, 377

Fracturing, 4, 1718, 250, 4079, 475

Free gas volume, 49, 75, 77, 83

G

Gas and oil (initial) calculation, 12431

Gas compressibility factor, 21, 36, 223

Gas-condensate reservoirs, 12158

calculating initial gas and oil in, 12431

lean gas cycling and water drive in, 14751

performance of volumetric reservoirs, 13140

predicted vs. actual production histories of volumetric reservoirs, 14347

use of material balance in, 14043

use of nitrogen for pressure maintenance in, 15253

Gas deviation factor, 2737, 100117, 12527, 14142, 15355

Gas distillate, 2

Gas formation volume factor, 34, 76, 239, 444, 475

Gas-oil contact, 475

Gas-oil ratio (GOR), 21, 4447, 6162, 477

as a crude oil property, 4447

history matching and, 453

net cumulative produced in volumetric, 169

solution GOR in saturated oil reservoirs, 21517

Gas properties, 2443

formation volume factor and density, 3435

gas deviation factor, 2737, 10017, 12527, 14142, 15355

ideal gas law, 2425

isothermal compressibility, 3541

real gas law, 2634

specific gravity, 2526

supercompressibility factor, 2627

viscosity, 4143

Gas reservoirs. See also Gas-condensate reservoirs; Single-phase gas reservoirs

abnormally pressured, 11012

as storage reservoirs, 1079

Gas saturation, 475

Gas volume factors, 35, 65, 8993, 11214

Gas-water contact, 7, 114, 475

Geertsma, 2324

Geffen, Parish, Haynes, and Morse, 95

General material balance equation. See Material balance equation

Gladfelter. See Stewart

Glen Rose Formation, 143

Gloyd-Mitchell Zone (Rodessa field), 17784

average monthly production data, 17980

development, production, and reservoir pressure curves, 177

gas expansion, 177, 181

liquid expansion, 177, 181

production history vs. cumulative produced oil, 181

production history vs. time, 181

solution gas-drive reservoir, 171

Gonzalez. See Lee

Goodrich. See Russel

GOR. See Gas-oil ratio

Gravitational segregation characteristics, 219220, 402, 453

displacement of oil by gas and, 37682

Gray. See Jogi

H

Hall, 184

Harrison. See Rodgers

Harville and Hawkins, 110

Havlena and Odeh, 73, 8385. See also Material balance equation

Hawkins. See Bourgoyne, Harville

Haynes. See Geffen

Hinds. See Reudelhuber

History matching, 43771, 475

decline curve analysis, 43741

development of model, 44142

incorporating flow equation, 442

material part of model, 441

example problem, 44946

discussion of history-matching results, 45165

fluid property data, conversion of, 44849, 45153

solution procedure, 44951

summary comments concerning, 46566

gas-oil ratios, 453

gas production rate, 465

multidimensional, multiflow reservoir simulators, 437

oil production rate, 451

zero-dimensional Schilthuis material balance equation, 44142

Holden Field, 116

Holland. See Sinha

Hollis, 109

Horizontal drilling, 1718, 434

Horner plot, 27982, 475

Hubbert, 15

Hubbert curve, 1516

Hurst, 6, 274, 3036, 32223, 34950

Hydrate, 475

Hydraulic fracturing, 4, 1718, 250, 4079, 475

Hydraulic gradients, 228, 230

Hydrocarbon saturation, 150, 361

Hydrocarbon trap, 475

I

Ideal gas law, 2425

IEA. See International Energy Agency

Ikoku, 108

Initial unit reserve, 9293

Injection wells, 475

International Energy Agency (IEA), 16

Interstitial water, 83, 92, 115, 162, 473

Ira Rinehart’s Yearbooks, 12123

Isobaric maps, 82

Isopach maps, 82, 88, 102, 455, 468, 475

Isothermal compressibility, 2124, 76, 233, 260

of crude oil, 5153

of gas, 3541

of reservoir water, 6263

J

Jackson. See Matthes

Jacoby and Berry, 217

Jacoby, Koeller, and Berry, 140

Jogi, Gray, Ashman, and Thompson, 110

Jones sand, 8990

K

Katz. See Mathews, Standing

Katz and Tek, 1078

Kaveler, 90

Keller, Tracy, and Roe, 218

Kelly-Snyder Field (Canyon Reef Reservoir), 17176, 384

Kennedy. See Wieland

Kennedy and Reudelhuber, 161

Kern, 382

Kleinsteiber, Wendschlag, and Calvin, 15253

Kobayashi. See Carr

Koeller. See Jacoby

L

Laminar flow, 228, 244, 253, 274

LaSalle Oil Field, 67

Lavaquail. See Bourgoyne

Lean gas, 140, 147, 152. See also Dry gas

Lee. See Earlogher

Lee, Gonzalez, and Eakin, 43

Leverett. See Buckley

Leverett and Lewis, 5

Lewis. See Fancher; Leverett

Limestone formations, 23

Linear flow, 233, 23637, 24245, 254, 371

Liquefied natural gas (LNG), 475

Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), 135, 415, 475

LNG. See Liquefied natural gas

Louisiana Gulf Coast Eugene Island Block Reservoir, 98

LPG. See Liquefied petroleum gas

Lutes, Chiang, Brady, and Rossen, 97

M

Marudiak. See Matthes

Mass density, 475

Material balance equation, 7385

calculating gas in place using, 98105

derivation of, 7381

drive indices in, 2026

in gas-condensate reservoirs, 14043

Havlena and Odeh method of applying, 8385

history matching with, 441

in saturated oil reservoirs, 200206

as a straight line, 2069

in undersaturated oil reservoirs, 16771

uses and limitations of, 8183

volumetric gas reservoirs, 98100

water-drive gas reservoirs, 100105

zero-dimensional Schilthuis, 44142

Mathews, Roland, and Katz, 128

Mattar, Brar, and Aziz, 3839

Matthes, Jackson, Schuler, and Marudiak, 97

Matthews. See Earlougher

Matthews and Russell, 254

Maximum efficient rate (MER), 199, 21820

McCain, 52, 6164, 70

McCain, Spivey, and Lenn, 44, 50

McCarthy, Boyd, and Reid, 107

McCord, 161

McMahon. See van Evenlingen

MEOR. See Microbial enhanced oil recovery

MER. See Maximum efficient rate

Mercury, 132

Micellar-polymer flooding, 421

Microbial enhanced oil recovery (MEOR), 425

Mile Six Pool (Peru), 219, 37883

Millidarcy, 22829, 24950

Millikan and Sidwell, 45

Miscible flooding processes, 41421. See also Tertiary oil recovery

inert gas injection processes, 42021

multiple-contact, 41720

problems in applying, 421

single-contact, 41517

Mobility, 36568, 38384, 42126, 475

Moore. See Coleman

Moore and Truby, 296

Morse. See Geffen

Moscrip. See Woody

M sand, 114

Mueller, Warren, and West, 453

Muskat, 198, 38485, 393, 397, 402, 471

Muskat, Standing, Thornton, and Eilerts, 121

N

National Institute for Petroleum and Energy Research (NIPER), 425

Natural gas liquids, 476

Net isopachous map. See Isopach maps

Newman, 2324

NIPER. See National Institute for Petroleum and Energy Research

Nitrogen, for pressure maintenance, 15253

Nonconformity. See Unconformity

North Sea gas field. See Rough gas field

O

Odeh and Havlena, 73, 8385

Oil and Gas Journal, The, 172, 425, 434

Oil bank, 375, 414, 423, 433

Oil formation volume factor, 51, 76, 80, 196, 203, 215, 390, 476

Oil saturation, 476

Oil-water contact, 7, 297, 305, 320, 353, 362, 476

Oil-wet rock, 476

Oil zone, 2, 1113, 74

Original oil in place (OOIP), 196, 224, 476

Osif, 62

Overburden, 21, 23, 237, 428, 430, 476

P

Paradox limestone formation, 146

Paraffin, 32, 476

Parish. See Geffen

Peak oil, 1418

Peoria field, 350, 352

Permeability, 476

absolute, 35960, 399402

bedding planes and, 22930

recovery efficiency and, 35965

Perry. See Russell

Petroleum, 476

Petroleum reservoirs, 14

production from, 1314

types by phase diagrams, 913

Petroleum Resources Management System (PRMS), 23

Petrophysics, 5

PI. See Productivity index

Pirson, 8081

Poiseuille’s law, 245

Pore volume compressibility, 21, 23

Porosity, 7, 2123, 11217, 476

PR. See Productivity ratio

Pressure

abnormal, 11012

absolute, 24, 473

average, 66, 7576, 8082, 14041, 44142

bottom-hole, 4, 6768, 26566, 28990, 476

bubble-point, 5, 11, 4547, 5056, 21011, 22124, 283, 288, 382

capillary, 24, 220, 35758

constant terminal pressure case, 304

dew point, 9, 2728, 12223, 14142, 152

standard, 477

Pressure buildup test, 27879, 291, 475, 476

Pressure maintenance program, 15253, 172, 176, 222

Pressure transient testing, 27282, 476

buildup testing, 27782

Horner plot, 27982, 475

pseudosteady-state time region in, 27778

shut-in pressure, 27980

skin factor in, 27477

superposition, use of, 26772

drawdown testing, 27274

Pressure-volume-temperature (PVT), 5, 15457, 16770, 19395, 198, 20922, 301

Primary production, 13, 159, 4056, 476

PRMS. See Petroleum Resources Management System

Production, 3

primary production (hydrocarbons), 13, 159, 4056, 476

secondary recovery operation. See Secondary oil recovery

tertiary recovery processes. See Tertiary oil recovery

Production wells, 14, 97, 114, 171, 36567, 4078, 477

Productivity index (PI), 25466

injectivity index, 266

Productivity ratio (PR), 26667

Properties, 21. See also Crude oil properties; Gas properties; Reservoir water properties; Rock properties

Prospective resources, 3

P sand reservoir, 116

Pseudosteady-state flow, 26164

drawdown testing of, 27374

radial flow, 26164

compressible fluids, 264

slightly compressible fluids, 26164

water influx, 34650

PVT. See Pressure-volume-temperature

Q

Quantities of gas liberated, 5

R

Radial flow, 233, 236, 246, 250, 25455

Ramagost and Farshad, 110

Ramey. See Agarwal, Al-Hussainy, Wattenbarger

Rangely Field, Colorado, 161

Real gas law, 2634

Recoverable gross gas, 14041

Recovery efficiency, 35769

macroscopic displacement efficiency, 36569

microscopic displacement efficiency, 35759

permeability and, 35965

waterflooding and, 40911

Redlich-Kwong equation of state, 152

Reed. See Wycoff

Regier. See Rodgers

Regression analysis, 29, 207

Reid. See McCarthy

Reserves, 3, 9293, 477

Reservoir engineering, 6

history of, 46

terminology, xix-xxv, 78, 47379

Reservoir mathematical modeling, 6

Reservoir pressure, 5

Reservoir rock, 477

Reservoirs

bounded, 474

combination drive, 74, 477

flow systems

late transient, 23335, 254

pseudosteady. See Pseudosteady-state flow

steady-state. See Steady-state flow systems

transient. See Transient flow

storage, 1079

Reservoir simulation, 6

Reservoir types defined, 913

Reservoir voidage rate, 219

Reservoir water properties, 6164

formation volume factor, 61

isothermal compressibility, 6263

solution gas-water ratio, 6162

viscosity, 63

Residual gas saturation, 9596

Residual oil, 477

Residual saturation, 36162, 41718

Resource (hydrocarbons), 23

Retrograde condensation, 910, 141, 14748, 152

Retrograde liquid, 1011, 3637, 132

Reudelhuber. See Kennedy

Reudelhuber and Hinds, 217

Richardson and Blackwell, 376

Robinson. See Beggs

Rock collapse theory, 110

Rock properties, 2124

fluid saturation, 24

isothermal compressibility, 2224

porosity, 22

Rodessa field. See Gloyd-Mitchell Zone (Rodessa field)

Rodgers, Harrison, and Regier, 13940, 146

Roe. See Allen

Roland. See Mathews

Rossen. See Lutes

Rough Gas Field, 109

R sand reservoir, 193, 198

Russell. See Earlougher; Matthews

Russell, Goodrich, Perry, and Bruskotter, 240

S

Sabine gas field, 65, 115

Salt dome, 477

San Juan County, Utah, 146

Saturated oil reservoirs, 199225

differential vaporization and separator tests, 21517

factors affecting overall recovery, 199200

continuous uniform formations, 200

gravitational segregation characteristics, 200

large gas caps, 200

formation volume factor and, 21517

gas liberation techniques, 20915

introduction to, 199200

material balance as straight line, 2069

material balance calculations for, 2026

material balance in, 200209

maximum efficient rate (MER) in, 21820

solution gas-oil ratio, 21517

volatile, 21718

water drive

bottomwater drive, 32346

edgewater drive, 30323

Saturation

critical, 36061, 400401, 423

gas, 475

residual, 36162, 41718

residual hydrocarbon, 150, 361

Saturation pressure. See Bubble-point pressure

Schatz. See Sinha

Schilthuis, 56, 3023, 44152

Schroeder. See Carpenter

Schuler. See Matthes

Schuler field, 89

Sclater and Stephenson, 4

Scurry Reef Field, Texas, 161, 213

SDI. See Segregation (gas cap) index

SEC. See Securities and Exchange Commissions

Secondary oil recovery

gasflooding, 41112

waterflooding, 40611

candidates, 407

estimating recovery efficiency, 40911

location of injectors and producers, 4079

Secondary recovery process, 14, 477. See also Secondary oil recovery

Securities and Exchange Commissions (SEC), 2

Seep, 477

Segregation (gas cap) index (SDI), 8081, 2045

Separator systems, 8, 218

Shale, 477

Shreve and Welch, 382

Shrinkage factor, 47

Shrinkage of oil, 5

Simpson’s rule, 241

Single-phase fluid flow, 22793

buildup testing, 27782

classification of flow systems, 232367

Darcy’s law and permeability in, 22732

drawdown testing, 27274

pressure transient testing, 27282

productivity index (PI), 25466

productivity ratio (PR), 26667

pseudosteady-state flow, 26164. See also Pseudosteady-state flow

radial diffusivity equation and, 25153

skin factor, 27477

steady-state, 23651. See also Steady-state flow

superposition, 26772

transient flow, 25361. See also Transient flow

Single-phase gas reservoirs, 87119

abnormally pressured, 11012

calculating gas in place

using material balance, 98105

in volumetric gas reservoirs, 98100

in water-drive gas reservoirs, 100105

calculating hydrocarbon in place, 8898

unit recovery from gas reservoirs under water drive, 9398

unit recovery from volumetric gas reservoirs, 9193

gas equivalent of produced condensate and water, 1057

limitations of equations and errors, 11213

as storage reservoirs, 1079

Sinha, Holland, Borshcel, and Schatz, 110

Skin factor, 27477, 280, 477

Slaughter field, 82

Slobod and Caudle, 7, 368

Slurries, 4

Smith, R. H., 383

Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE), 2

Society of Petroleum Evaluation Engineers (SPEE), 2

Solution gas-oil ratio (Rso), 21, 4447, 6162, 477

Source rock, 477

SPE. See Society of Petroleum Engineers

Specific gravity, 2526, 12728

Specific mass, 47778

Specific weight, 477

SPEE. See Society of Petroleum Evaluation Engineers

Spencer. See Cook

Spherical flow, 227, 233

Standard pressure, 477

Standard temperature, 101, 478

Standing. See Muskat

Standing and Katz, 28, 3031, 34

STB. See Stock-tank barrel

Steady-state flow, 23651

capillaries and fractures, 24446

cross flow, 244, 289

definition of, 478

linear flow, 478

of compressible fluids, 23841

of incompressible fluids, 23637

permeability averaging in, 24144

of slightly compressible fluids, 23738

parallel flow, 24345

radial flow

of compressible fluids, 247

of incompressible fluid, 24647

permeability averages for, 24851

of slightly compressible fluids, 247

radii

external, 247

wellbore, 247

viscous flow, 24445

water influx models, 297302

Stephenson. See Sclater

Stewart, Callaway, and Gladfelter, 297

St. John Oil field, 115

Stock-tank barrel (STB), 8, 478

Stock-tank conditions, 50, 478

Stratigraphic traps, 12

Subsurface contour maps, 88

Summit County, Utah, 152

Supercompressibility factor, 2627. See also Gas deviation factor

Superposition, 26772

Sutton, 28, 29, 70

Sweep efficiency, 14, 147, 154, 165, 357, 366, 369, 406, 42124, 433, 478

Syncline, 478

T

Tarner, 384, 390, 393, 397, 399, 402, 471

Tarner and Buckley, 6

Tek. See Katz

Tertiary oil recovery, 41233

alkaline processes, 42425

chemical flooding processes, 42126

definition of, 478

micellar-polymer processes, 42224

microbial flooding, 42526

miscible flooding processes, 41421

inert gas injection processes, 42021

multiple-contact, 41720

problems in applying, 421

single-contact, 41517

mobilization of residual oil, 41214

polymer processes, 42122

problems in applying, 426

processes, 14

thermal processes, 42731

in situ combustion, 430

problems in applying, 43031

screening criteria for, 43133

steam-cycling or stimulation process, 428

steam-drive process, 42830

Testing

buildup testing, 27782

drawdown testing, 27274

pressure transient testing, 27282

Thermal processes, 42731. See also Tertiary oil recovery

in situ combustion, 430

problems in applying, 43031

screening criteria for, 43133

steam-cycling or stimulation process, 428

steam-drive process, 42830

Thompson. See Jogi

Thornton. See Muskat

Timmerman. See van Everdingen

Torchlight Tensleep reservoir, 297

Total flow capacity, 249

Tracy, 39091. See also Carter; Kelly

Transient flow, 25361

line source solution, 255

radial flow, compressible fluids, 26061

radial flow, slightly compressible fluids, 25359

Transition zone, 362264, 37174, 381, 400401

Traps, 12, 478

hydrocarbon, 475

stratigraphic, 12

Trube, 38

Truby. See Moore

U

Unconformity, 47678

Undersaturated oil reservoirs, 15998. See also Volumetric reservoirs

calculating oil in place and oil recoveries in, 16267

fluids, 15961

formation and water compressibilities in, 18491

Gloyd-Mitchell Zone of the Rodessa Field, 17784

Kelly-Snyder Field, Canyon Reef Reservoir, 17176

material balance in, 16771

Unitization, 478

University of Kansas, 443

Unsteady-state flow, 6, 30246. See also Water influx

bottomwater drive, 32346

constant terminal pressure case, 304

constant terminal rate case, 303

edgewater drive model, 30323

Updip (“attic”) oil, 382

US Department of Energy, 433

V

Valko and McCain, 46

van der Knaap, 23

van Everdingen and Hurst, 30323. See also Water influx

van Everdingen, Timmerman, and McMahon, 83

Vaporization, 910, 107, 159, 20910

Velarde, Blasingame, and McCain, 46

Villena-Lanzi, 53

Viscosity, 475

of crude oil, 5360

of gas, 4143

of reservoir water, 63

Viscous fingering, 366, 4067, 411, 414, 42126, 478

Void fraction. See Porosity

Volatile oil reservoirs, 21718. See also Saturated oil reservoirs

Volumetric method (for calculating gas in place), 112, 220

Volumetric reservoirs

artificial gas cap, 169

bedding planes

bottomwater drive, 32346

edgewater drive, 30323

bubble-point pressure, 5, 11, 4547, 5056, 21011, 22124

calculating gas in place in, 98100

calculation of depletion performance, 13540, 148, 15054

calculation of initial oil in place

material balance studies, 162

volumetric method, 112, 220

calculation of unit recovery from, 9193

effective fluid compressibility, 18586

free gas phase, 11, 45, 169, 173, 190, 199

hydraulic control, 16364, 200

material balance in, 98100, 16771

net cumulative produced gas-oil ratio, 169

performance of, 13140

predicted vs. actual production histories of, 14347

under water drive, 6, 93, 164

Volumetric withdrawal rate, 298

W

WAG. See Water alternating gas injection process

Warren. See Mueller

Water alternating gas injection process (WAG), 411

Water-drive index (WDI), 8081, 204, 205, 206

Water-drive reservoirs, 95, 100105, 376

Waterflooding, 14, 233, 4056, 412, 422, 478

Water influx, 295356

constant, 298, 300, 302, 303, 306, 350, 352

introduction to, 29597

pseudosteady-state, 34650

steady-state, 297302

reservoir voidage rate, 300301

volumetric withdrawal rate, 298

water influx constant, 300301

unsteady-state, 30246

bottomwater drive, 32346

constant terminal pressure case, 304

constant terminal rate case, 303

edgewater drive model, 30323

Water volume, 8

Water-wet rock, 478

Wattenbarger and Ramey, 239

WDI. See Water-drive index

Weight density, 478

Welch. See Shreve

Welge, 376, 378, 381

Wellhead, 4, 12, 95, 112, 114, 138, 213, 449, 478

Well log, 22, 478

Wendschlag. See Kleinsteiber

Wessely. See Clark

West. See Mueller

Western Overthrust Belt, 152

Wet gas, 12, 27, 144, 147, 15257

Wettability, 35758, 424, 479

Wichert and Aziz, 34

Wickenhauser. See Bourgoyne

Wieland and Kennedy, 82

Wildcat reservoir, 197

Wildcat well, 479

Wilde. See Coleman

Woody and Moscrip, 74

World Petroleum Council (WPC), 2

WPC. See World Petroleum Council

Wycoff and Bostet, 5

Wycoff, Botset, and Muskat, 367

Wycoff, Botset, Muskat, and Reed, 5

Y

Yarborough. See Vogel

Z

z-factor, 31, 34, 43