Note: Page numbers in italic refer to illustrations.
abortion law reform, 357
accident compensation, 334
accident insurance, 107–8
acclimatisation societies, 114
agricultural research, 114
aluminium smelters, 298, 304–5, 365
Atkinson, Harry, 66, 72, 74, 75–7, 78
Australia, free trade agreements with, 309–10, 358–9
banking, 85–6, 176–7, 189–90, 301, 340
Beeby, C. E., 205–6
Bell, Francis Dillon, 97
‘big government’. See state activism
‘Buy New Zealand’ campaign, 174
capital, shortage of, in colonial NZ, 36–7
civil emergencies, 115
Clinkard, G. W., 170–1, 236–7, 270
clothing manufactures, 227–8
coal mines, 105–7, 150, 157–8, 248–50, 371, 373
Coates, Gordon, 13, 118, 146–7, 150–5, 161–6
commerce, government assistance to, in colonial NZ, 30, 36
Community Arts Service, 247
compulsory military training, 142
Constitution (1852), 44–5
‘cost plus’ method of price fixing, 231–2, 253–4
cotton mill, 134–5, 297–8, 299–300, 303–4
Crown leases (of farm land), 82–5
dairy produce exports, 149, 163–4, 190–1
defence construction, 230
Depression (1930s), 167–78
devaluations: (1933), 176; (1984), 374
Domestic Purposes Benefit, 329, 335, 346
Economic Stabilisation measures (World War II), 224–38, 259
economic stability, conference on, 268–70
education: in colonial NZ, 31
Atkinson’s Government’s measures, 67–8
Liberal Government’s measures, 103–4
Reform Government’s measures, 159–60
First Labour Government’s measures, 205–7
Holland Government’s measures, 288–9
electricity generation and distribution, 155–7
Epidemic Allowances, 139–40
European Economic Community, 293, 304
exchange controls, 208–10, 268, 302. See also import licensing
export prices, 147, 167, 173, 177, 215–16, 293, 315, 327, 333
exports: dairy produce, 149, 163–4, 190–1
exports, state marketing of, 148–9, 192, 272–3
Family Allowances, 162
farmers, government assistance to, 52–3, 54, 114, 164, 169, 175–6, 190–2, 272, 321–2, 352–4
film censorship, 143, 161, 241, 255, 357
fire brigades, 115
fire insurance, 107–8
fishing licences, 114
food price stabilisation, 194–8
food subsidy regime, 197–8, 262, 315, 329, 336–7, 339
Forbes, George, 167
Forbes-Coates Coalition Government (1931–35), 168–78
forestry, 48–50, 52, 273–8, 371, 373
40-hour week, 193–4
Fraser, Peter, 12, 145–6, 180, 183, 205, 206, 218–19, 222–3
friendly societies, 74–5, 100, 137–8
fruit canning industry, 126, 135, 223–4
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (the GATT), 266, 296, 354
Gibbs, T. N., 254–5
government borrowing: overseas, 38, 46, 59, 72, 120, 336, 338, 365–6
government intervention. See state activism
government subsidies. See subsidies
Grey, Sir George, 30, 39, 40, 72, 76–7
‘guaranteed prices’ (for dairy farmers), 190–1
health services: in colonial NZ, 31, 32, 33, 54, 68–71
Liberal Government’s measures, 100–103
Reform Government’s measures, 126, 140–2
First Labour Government’s measures, 204–5
Holland Government’s measures, 282–8
Hobson, William, 26–38 passim Holland, H. E., 12, 145–6
Holland, Sidney, 13, 19, 256, 289
Holyoake, Keith, 13, 16–17, 258, 289, 303, 323
homosexual law reform, 357
hospitals. See health services
housing: Liberal Government’s measures, 86–7, 104–5
Reform Government’s measures, 158–9
First Labour Government’s measures, 188–9, 216–17, 230
Holland Government’s measures, 259–60
Second Labour Government’s measures, 301
Holyoake Government’s measures, 302, 315
Third Labour Government’s measures, 329
Muldoon Government’s measures, 339
immigration, 54–5, 58, 60–1, 71–2, 78, 117, 173, 267, 339
import licensing: First Labour Government’s measures, 208–10, 238
Holland Government’s measures, 266–8
Second Labour Government’s measures, 294
Holyoake Government’s measures, 302, 310–11
Muldoon Government’s measures, 340, 354
import substitution industries, 51, 134–5, 199
Industrial Conciliation and Arbitration Act, 88–91
amendments to, 193, 211–12, 250–1, 262, 313
industrial relations, 87–91, 182–5, 193, 211–12, 247–51, 260–1, 307, 312–14, 322–3, 330, 344, 372
industries: Bain Commission (1880), 73
essential, 230
licensing of, 170–1, 200–4, 271–2
subsidies for, 73, 114, 136–7, 201
Industries and Commerce Department (later Trade and Industry), 113–15, 134–7, 200–4, 231, 236–7, 270–1, 294–7, 299, 332
influenza epidemic, 139
insurance, 57, 100, 107–8, 285, 371
International Finance Corporation, 302
International Monetary Fund (IMF), 302–3
iron and steel production, 51–2, 114, 126, 171, 298–9, 305–8
Kirk, Norman, 13, 286, 300, 325, 326, 327, 335
Labour Governments: (1935–49), 12–13, 179–214
(1957–60), 290–302
(1984–90), 22–3
labour market regulation, 87–91, 182–5, 193, 211–12, 250–1, 312–14
land drainage, 126
land sales, 29–30, 35, 40, 82–5, 84–5
land taxes, 83
Lee, John A., 239
Legislative Council, 256
Liberal Government (1891–1912), 79–84, 85–92, 93–122
licensing: in colonial NZ, 35–6
of auctioneers, 116
of bus services, 162–3
of fishing, 114
of industries, 170–1, 200–4, 271–2
of pharmacies, 201
of private electricity generation, 156
of shooting, 114
of transport, 154–5
local government reform, 66–7, 280, 328
McCarthy, Justice Thaddeus, 312, 335
McKenzie, Jock, 15, 82–5, 92 manufacturing industries, 50, 169, 231–4, 253, 316
Maori: declining population, 117–18
health of, 118
First Labour Government’s measures, 212–14
Maori land, purchase of, 29–30, 35, 58, 82, 118
Marshall, Jack, 257, 313, 323, 336
Massey, W. F., 13, 123, 124, 146–7, 161
meat exports, 77, 148–9, 177, 192
medical insurance, 285
Muldoon, Robert, 13, 14, 17–18, 313, 315–16, 321, 336, 338–9, 374
Myers, Arthur, 125
Nash, Walter, 12, 180, 224, 237, 262, 290, 293, 294
National Development Conference/Council, 318–21
National Efficiency Board (1917), 143–4
National Governments: (1949–57), 19, 256–90
(1975–84), 17–18, 338–46, 352–75
national insurance, 75–7
National Ministry (1915–19), 125, 128–31
National Provident Fund, 100, 136
New Zealand Company. See Wakefield settlements
New Zealand Labour Party, 145–6, 171–2
New Zealand Literary Fund, 247
Nordmeyer, Arnold, 237, 293, 298, 299
‘Black Budget’, 301
overseas borrowing. See government borrowing
packing (of vegetables and fruit), 280
pensions: increasingly dependent on the State, 21
Liberal Government’s schemes, 98–100
for miners incapacitated by phthisis, 138
Epidemic Allowances, 139–40
Reform Government’s measures, 160
First Labour Government’s measures, 204–5
New Zealand Superannuation, 329, 345
National Superannuation, 345–6
pharmacies, 201
Plunket, 142–3
Police, 81
Pomare, Maui, 118
poor relief, 31–2, 34, 71. See also unemployment relief
Post Office Savings Bank, 57, 373
price controls: World War I, 127, 129–34, 136
Reform Government’s measures, 158
First Labour Government’s measures, 194–8, 217–18, 245
Holland Government’s measures, 253–4, 262, 263–5
Third Labour Government’s measures, 331–4
Muldoon Government’s measures, 340–1
price freezes: (1970–72), 322
primary produce marketing boards, 148–9, 192, 272–3
provincial governments: establishment of, 39–40
provincial governments (continued): responsibilities under 1852 Constitution, 44–5
active in the economy, 52
public service: growth of, 81, 253, 280, 337
retrenchment, 56–7, 147, 175, 339–40
Saunders Commission (1880), 72–3
review of (1962), 312–13
Public Trust Office, 57–8
Public Works Department, 81
public works programmes, 37–8, 58, 61–4, 73, 198, 245–6, 329
pulp and paper production, 220–2, 273–8
Queen Elizabeth II Arts Council, 328
railways, 19, 58, 61–3, 80–1, 150–5, 175, 198–9, 259, 280–2, 371, 373
rationing, 229–30
reconstruction (post-1945), 243–52
Reeves, William Pember, 11, 78–9, 87–91, 92
Reform Governments: (1912–15), 84–5, 123–6; (1919–25), 131–49, 150–61; (1925–28), 161–6
rehabilitation (after World War II), 243–4, 246
responsible government, introduction of, 39–40
retirement benefits. See pensions
Returned Servicemen’s Association, 144
Rowling, Bill, 13, 328, 335–6, 350, 370
Budget (1973), 328–30
salt production, 279–80
Savage, Michael Joseph, 12, 145, 146, 180, 181, 182
scientific and industrial research, 135
Seddon, Richard John, 11, 49–50, 66, 82, 85, 93, 112
sexually transmitted diseases, 128, 143
silk industry, attempts to establish, 51, 52
Social Credit Political League, 291–2, 315
social security: First Labour Government’s measures, 204–5
Third Labour Government’s measures, 329
Royal Commission on, 335
‘socialism without doctrines’, 9–15, 93, 97
Standards Institute, 202
state activism: reasons for, in colonial NZ, 41–2
Vogelism, 58–65
encouraged by literature from abroad, 94–5
difficulties with and loss of faith in, 15–23, 346–51
state houses. See housing
State Life Insurance Office, 57
‘State Socialism’, 121–2
steel mill, 305–8
subsidies, cost of, 245–6, 258, 373–4
subsidies, policies on: Holland Government, 258–9, 262–3
Third Labour Government, 329, 336–7
Muldoon Government, 339, 341–3
subsidies, provision of: for industries, 73, 114, 136–7, 201, 253
for local authorities, 328
for private enterprises, 46, 51
for public service superannuation, 374
on food, 197–8, 262, 315, 329, 336–7
on gas, 262
on hides, pelts, etc., 262–3. See also farmers, government assistance to
Sullivan, Dan, 194, 200, 224, 237
superannuation (for public servants), 81–2, 100, 374
Sutch, W. B., 134, 270, 294–7, 299, 311, 316, 319, 327
tariffs, 35, 52, 73, 78–9, 136, 168–73, 266, 309–11, 358–9
taxation: Liberal Government’s measures, 83
National Ministry’s measures, 129
Royal Commission (1924), 150
First Labour Government’s measures, 225
Second Labour Government’s measures, 301
Holyoake Government’s measures, 311–12
Muldoon Government’s measures, 341–3, 354–6
telegraph lines, erection of, 64
temperance movement, 143
‘Think Big’ projects, 307, 359–67
timber industry. See forestry
Tizard, R. J., 286, 300, 336, 350–1
tobacco growing, 135
totalisator betting, 255
tourism, 108–12, 329, 371, 373
Trade and Industry Department. See Industries and Commerce Department (later Trade and Industry)
trade unions, 87–91, 182–5, 193, 211–12, 247–51, 260–1
transport infrastructure, in colonial NZ, 37–8, 58, 61–4
transport licensing, 154–5
Treasury, post-election report on the economy (1981), 362–4
trust control of liquor, 242–3
unemployment relief, 77–8, 139, 173–4.
See also poor relief
unions. See trade unions
United Government (1928–31), 166–8
wage cuts, 175
wage fixing: Muldoon Government’s measures, 354
wage-price freeze (1982–84), 367–8
Wakefield, Edward Gibbon, 11, 27, 28
Wakefield settlements, 27–9, 32–4, 43
Walsh, Fintan Patrick, 183, 184–5, 224, 226, 305
Ward, Sir Joseph, 11, 80, 85, 112–13, 123, 125, 146, 166–7
water supply, 69
waterfront dispute, 261–2
Watties, 223–4
women in the work force, 212, 267, 285
women’s rights, 118–19
World Bank, 302