Art Credits

Figure 1-1 Domenico Feti, Accademia, Venice, © Scala / Art Resource, NY.

1-2 Anonymous, Caffe Quadri, Venice, © Cameraphoto Arte, Venice / Art Resource, NY.

1-3 Anonymous, Museo Nazionale del Bargello, Florence, © Scala / Art Resource, NY.

2-1 Claude Mellan, École des Beaux Arts, Paris, © Scala / Art Resource, NY.

2-2 Giovanni Paolo Pannini, Louvre, Paris, © Erich Lessing / Art Resource, NY.

2-3 Polygonal virginal (Alessandro Bertolotti, Verona, c. 1586). Edinburgh University Collection of Historic Musical Instruments. akg-images.

2-4 Samuel Scheidt. Tabulatura nova. Weisbaden, 1994. Facsimile reprint of 1964 original, p. 12. Music Division, NYPL for the Performing Arts; Astor, Lenox, and Tilden Foundations.

2-5 © Bildarchiv Preussischer Kulturbesitz, Berlin, 2003.

2-6 Christoph Spetner, Karl-Marx-Universität, © Bildarchiv Preussischer Kulturbesitz, Berlin, 2003.

2-7 Christoph Bernhard, 1676, © Bildarchiv Preussischer Kulturbesitz, Berlin, 2003.

2-8 Giovanni Francesco Romanelli, Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna, © Erich Lessing / Art Resource, NY.

2-9 Bernardo Strozzi, Gemaldegalerie, Staatliche Kunstsammlungen, Dresden, © Erich Lessing / Art Resource, NY.

3-1 Henri Bonnart, Chateaux de Versailles et de Trianon, Versailles, © Réunion des Musées Nationaux / Art Resource, NY.

3-2 Jean Le Pautre, Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris, © Giraudon / Art Resource, NY.

3-3 Joseph Aved, Musée des Beaux-Arts, Dijon, © Réunion des Musées Nationaux / Art Resource, NY.

3-4 cliché Bibliothèque Nationale de France.

3-5 Jean I. Berain, 1676, Louvre, Paris, © Réunion des Musées Nationaux / Art Resource, NY.

3-6 cliché Bibliothèque nationale de France.

3-7 Anonymous, ca. 1596. National Portrait Gallery, London.

3-8 National Portrait Gallery, London.

3-9 Robert White, British Library, London, © HIP/Scala / Art Resource, NY.

4-1 Cartography by Bill Nelson.

4-2 Bibliothèque et Musée de l’Opéra, Paris.

4-3 Civico Museo Bibliografico Musicale, Bologna, © Scala / Art Resource, NY.

4-4 C. F. Riedel after a painting by Pietro Antonio Rotari, 1750.akg-images.

4-5 Adapted from line art by Martha Feldman.

4-6 Pier Leone Ghezzi, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Rome, © Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana.

4-7 Jacopo Amigoni 1682–1752 Italian. Portrait group: The singer Farinelli and friends ca. 1750–52. Oil on canvas 172.8 x 245.1 cm Felton Bequest, 1949 National Gallery of Victoria, Melbourne, Australia.

5-1 Estienne Roger and Michel Charles Le Cène, ca. 1715, Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris, © Giraudon / Art Resource, NY.

5-2 Adapted from G. Faber, Musicae practicae erotematum, Basel 1553.

5-3 Music Division, NYPL for the Performing Arts; Astor, Lenox, and Tilden Foundations.

5-4 Pier Leone Ghezzi, Biblioteca Apostolica Vacticana, Rome, akg-images.

6-1 Cartography by Bill Nelson.

6-2 Johann Ernst Rentsch, ca. 1715, Erfurt Stadtmuseum, © Bildarchiv Preussischer Kulturbesitz, Berlin, 2003.

6-3 Matthaeus Seutter III, early 18th century, © Foto Marburg / Art Resource, NY.

6-4 Johann-Gottfried Krugner, Musée des Arts Decoratifs, Paris, © Bridgeman-Giraudon / Art Resource, NY.

6-5 Thomaskirche, Leipzig, © Foto Marburg / Art Resource, NY.

6-6 © Bildarchiv Preussischer Kulturbesitz, Berlin, 2003.

6-7 Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin, Berlin, © Bildarchiv Preussischer Kulturbesitz / Art Resource, NY.

6-8 Anonymous, 17th century, Chateaux de Versailles et de Trianon, Versailles, © Erich Lessing / Art Resource, NY.

6-9 Paris: Ballard, 1793. Courtesy of the Sibley Music Library, Eastman School of Music, University of Rochester (New York).

6-10 E. G. Houssmann, 1727, Stadtgeschichtliches Museum, Leipzig.

6-11 © Bildarchiv Preussischer Kulturbesitz, Berlin, 2003.

7-1a Miniature stolen from museum in 1948. Copyby Luzie Schneider. Händel-Haus, Halle.

7-1b Louis François Roubiliac, Victoria and Albert Museum, London, © Victoria & Albert Museum / Art Resource, NY.

7-2 William Hogarth, Victoria and Albert Museum, London, © Victoria & Albert Museum / Art Resource, NY.

7-3 William Hogarth, 1731, Tate Gallery, © Tate Gallery, London / Art Resource, NY.

7-4 Fotomas Index UK.

7-5 John Sanders, ca. 1774, Coram Foundation, Foundling Museum, London / Bridgeman Art Library.

7-6 Copperplate engraving by Christian Fritzsch © Bildarchiv Preussischer Kulturbesitz, Berlin, 2003.

7-7 © Bildarchiv Preussischer Kulturbesitz, Berlin, 2003.

7-8 © Giraudon / Art Resource, NY.

8-1 Anonymous contemporary etching, © Bildarchiv Preussischer Kulturbesitz, Berlin, 2003.

8.2 Anonymous pencil sketch, © Bildarchiv Preussischer Kulturbesitz, Berlin, 2003.

8-3 Adolf von Menzel, Nationalgalerie, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, Berlin, © Bildarchiv Preussischer Kulturbesitz, Berlin, 2003.

8-4 Thomas Gainsborough, Civico Museo Bibliografico Musicale, Bologna, © Scala / Art Resource, NY.

8-5 Thomas Gainsborough, before 1774. Courtesy of the Huntington Library, Art Collections, and Botanical Gardens, San Marino, California.

8-6 17th century engraving by Duclos, after design by Saint Aubin. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Harris Brisbane Dick Fund, 1933 (33.56.34).

8-7 Maurice-Quentin de La Tour, Musée Antoine Lecuyer, Saint-Quentin, © Réunion des Musées Nationaux / Art Resource, NY.

8-8 General Research Division, New York Public Library, Astor, Lenox, and Tilden Foundations.

8-9a Pier Leone Ghezzi. © Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana.

8-9b © Giraudon / Art Resource, NY.

8-10 Maurice-Quentin de La Tour, Musée Antoine Lecuyer, Saint-Quentin, © Réunion des Musées Nationaux / Art Resource, NY.

9-1 Joseph Siffred Duplessis, Private Collection, Paris, © Scala / Art Resource, NY.

9-2 Painting by Johann F. Grieppel, Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna, Austria, © Erich Lessing / Art Resource, NY.

9-3 Anonymous, 18th century, Civico Museo Bibliografico Musicale, Bologna, © Art Resource, NY.

9-4 Anonymous, 18th century, Mozart House, Salzburg, © Scala / Art Resource, NY.

9-5 Courtesy of the Metropolitan Opera.

9-6 Carl Schuetz, Historisches Museum der Stadt Wien, Vienna, © by Direktion der Museen der Stadt Wien.

9-7 engraving by Michele Pekenino after a painting by Nathaniel Rogers, akg-images.

9-8 Joseph and Peter Schaffer, ca. 1793, Mozarteum, Salzburg, © Erich Lessing / Art Resource, NY.

9-9 Stadtarchiv Augsburg.

9-10 Joseph and Peter Schaffer, ca. 1793, Mozarteum, Salzburg, © Erich Lessing / Art Resource, NY.

9-11 OPERA NEWS / The Metropolitan Opera Guild, Inc.

9-12 Bildarchiv d. ÖNB, Wien.

10-1 Österreichisches Theatermuseum.

10-2 Bayerisches Nationalmuseum, Munich, © Foto Marburg / Art Resource, NY.

10-3 clichéBibliothèque nationale de France.

10-4 Carl Schuetz, 1792, Historisches Museum der Stadt Wien, Vienna, © By Direktion der Museen der Stadt Wien.

10-5 © Erich Lessing / Art Resource, NY.

10-6 Hungarian National Museum.

10-7 Johann Baptist Lampi, © Foto Marburg / Art Resource, NY.

10-8 Thomas Hardy, second half of 18th century, Royal Academy of Arts, London, © Erich Lessing / Art Resource, NY.

10-9 Anonymous, 1795, Oesterreichische Galerie, Vienna, © Erich Lessing / Art Resource, NY.

10-10 Library of Congress.

10-11 William Hogarth, 1753. General Research Division, The New York Public Library, Astor, Lenox and Tilden Foundations.

11-1 The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gift of Geraldine C. Herzfeld in memory of her husband, Monroe Eliot Hemmerdinger, 1984 (1984.34).

11-2 Bédos de Celles, L’art du facteur d’orgues’, iv, 1778.

11-3a The Pierpont Morgan Library, New York, Dannie and Hettie Heineman Collection.

11-3b K00980 Mozart Piano Concertos, by permission, Warner Brothers Publications.

11-4 Johann Nepomuk della Croce, Mozarteum, Salzburg, © Erich Lessing / Art Resource, NY.

11-5 British Museum, Add.ms. 37763 fol. 57, akg-images.

12-1 © Foto Marburg / Art Resource, NY.

12-2 Caspar David Friedrich, Moonrise on an Empty Shore, Patron’s Permanent Fund, Image © 2004 Board of Trustees, National Gallery of Art, Washington.

12-3 The Metropolitan Museum of Art, The Crosby Brown Collection, 1901 (01.2.38).

12-4 cliché Bibliothèque nationale de France.

12-5 akg-images.

12-6 cliché Bibliothèque nationale de France.

12-7 Johann Heinrich Tischbein, 1787, Staedelsches Kunstinstitut, Frankfurt am Main, © Art Resource, NY.

12-8a Jean Baptiste Isabeym, 1804, Chateaux de Malmaison et Bois-Preau, Rueil-Malmaison, © Giraudon / Art Resource, NY.

12-8b Jean Baptiste Isabey, 1814, Museo del Risorgimento, Milan, © Scala / Art Resource, NY.

12-9 © by Direktion der Museen der Stadt Wien.

12-10 Johann Baptist Hoechle, Historisches Museum der Stadt Wien, © by Direktion der Museen der Stadt Wien.

12-11 Franz Stoeber, Beethoven House, Bonn, © Erich Lessing / Art Resource, NY.

13-1 Vienna Gesellschaft der Musikfreunde, akg-images.

13-2 Carl Schuetz, ca. 1815, Historisches Museum der Stadt Wien, © by Direktion der Museen der Stadt Wien.

13-3 E. Meurer, Stadtarchiv und Stadthistorische Bibliothek, Bonn.