Index

Bold page numbers refer to images and tables

absent-mindedness, 59

See also mind-wandering

academic journals, 6, 8, 19

academic performance, 14, 60

accessibility, ix, 610, 36, 47

American Educational Research Association, 3

Anderson, Britt, 51

There Is No Such Thing as Attention, 51

Ansari, Daniel, 16

applied behavior analysis, 152

applied research, viiiix, 4, 20, 159

assessment, 1113, 23, 25, 4445, 117133, 134

astrology, vs. astronomy, 4

attention, 34, 33, 35, 37, 39, 45, 4960, 92, 96, 111, 148, 152, 159160

See also Attentional Control Theory; Increased Saliency Theory of attention; Processing Speed Theory; working memory; Working Memory Theory of attention

Attentional Control Theory, 60

auditory, 33, 35, 58

See also learning styles; phonological loop

Bauernschmidt (now Kaminski), Althea, 111

behavioral psychology, 11, 16

behaviorism, 16

Benney, Damian, 97, 137, 142

bias, 2122, 2728

confirmation bias, 12, 23, 26, 159

blocked practice, 9396

blogs, ix, 8, 811, 15, 1820, 3637, 39, 70, 93, 97, 109, 111

bottom-up processing, 42, 4548, 52, 55, 159160

See also top-down processing

brain, 4, 12, 16, 3132, 3438, 44, 70, 72, 7476, 90, 104, 152, 159160

brain gym, 6

brain hemispheres, 30, 33, 3637

brain training, 37, 60

brain vs. mind, 15, 31

See also neuromyths

Bruer, John, 16

Education and Brain: A Bridge Too Far, 1516

caffeine, 152

causality, 1115, 20, 107

Caviglioli, Oliver, i, vii, x

central executive, 5859, 62, 159, 161

chunking, 58, 159

cognitive load, 142, 159160

Cognitive Load Theory (CLT), 49, 52, 159

cognitive overload, 39, 49, 52, 114, 141

See also Load Theory

cognitive offloading, 66

cognitive psychology, 4, 5051, 56, 58, 64, 67, 70, 77, 82, 152, 161

experimental methods in, 1213, 15, 20

learning research in, 23, 6, 810, 17, 3031, 39, 55, 75, 8385, 87, 90,

relationship to neuroscience, 11, 1516, 76

color, 35, 4344, 5455, 60, 105, 119

communication, 12, 55

bottom-up vs. top-down, 89

communicating between learning science and practice in education, 211, 1820

science, ix

See also neural communication

computer analogy of memory, 33, 63, 67

See also library analogy of memory

concept maps, 119, 121, 124, 128130, 144, 15051

concrete examples, 7, 18, 2627, 46,55, 68, 84, 85, 96, 101, 104, 115, 139140, 145, 149, 15152, 154, 156, 159

physical manipulatives, 111

surface details v. underlying ideas, 10812

consolidation, 7477, 121, 157, 15960

Corkin, Suzanne, 66, 7174

correlation, 1415, 38, 57, 60, 107, 159

correlational studies, 1415, 159

counterbalancing, 14

Cox, Dawn, 8

Craik, Fergus, 84, 102103

cramming, 84, 8890, 93, 9899, 122, 142, 14648, 155, 157

cued recall vs. free recall, 47

curse of knowledge, 42, 4748, 159

day-dreaming, 59

See also mind-wandering

Deans for Impact, 7

declarative memory, 66, 70, 73, 159

See also implicit memory; procedural memory

deep processing, 23, 74, 77, 92 102, 103, 159

descriptive vs. predictive research, 1315

diagrams, x, 27, 112114, 124, 128, 14042

digit spans, 5758

distortion, 1112, 18, 32, 69

distraction, 35, 38, 49, 5253, 56, 5960, 72, 114

See also mind-wandering

dual coding, 7, 82, 8486, 104, 11215, 14041, 149, 151, 156, 159

See also learning styles

Ebbinghaus, Hermann, 76, 8788

education, viiix, 3031, 3739, 47, 52, 5560, 6970, 83, 87, 90, 99, 104, 109, 125, 159

evidence in, 220

higher education, 6

intuition in, 22, 28

neuroscience in, 3031, 36, 75

perception in, 4447

secondary education, 22

See also intuition

educational psychology, x

elaboration, 7, 8485, 101, 1024, 114, 139, 148, 151, 154, 156, 159

elaborative interrogation, 85, 101, 1047, 113114, 140, 145, 149, 152, 159

empirical evidence, 1220, 159

encoding, 15, 47, 63, 74, 76, 77, 160

engram, 7576, 160

evidence, types of in education, 1120

evidence-based practice, 2, 45, 78, 18

experimental methods, 5, 1116, 70 107, 15961

external memory, 66

eyewitness testimony, 6869

fact learning, 92

See also rote memorization

“fake news,” 18

false memory, viii, 79, 160

false positives, 5

feedback, x, 1819, 117, 11921, 13132, 139, 143, 156

feel-good learning, 24, 117, 133

Fleming, Alexander, 3

fluency, 2324, 48

forgetting, 15, 27, 31, 6364, 66, 7677, 93, 146

Furst, Efrat, 7476

future mental time-travel, 64

gender, 55

genetics, 14

Genie, 3435

Glover, John, 119

The Testing Phenomenon: Not Gone But Nearly Forgotten, 11819

goal neglect, 59

See also mind-wandering

Harvard, Blake

The Effortful Educator, 78

hearing, 66, 161

See also auditory; phonological loop

H.M., 7074

highlighting, 145

homework, 97, 154158

lagged, 137

imagination, 59, 6364, 69

implicit memory, 66, 160

See also procedural memory

Increased Saliency Theory of attention, 49, 5455, 160

See also saliency

individual interest, 55, 160

inductive learning, 96

information transfer, 60, 10912, 121, 133, 143

interference, 35, 53, 65, 160

interleaving, v, 7, 53, 8485, 8788, 9397, 99 137, 155, 15758, 160

interpretation, 8, 14, 1920, 26, 4346, 48, 15961

intuition, 4, 89, 2128, 44, 53, 70, 88, 133

detrimental, 23, 5

James, William, 50, 70

Principles of Psychology, 70

Karpicke, Jeff, ix, 12, 19, 2325, 73, 85, 103, 11820, 12224, 126130, 132,

Kerlinger, Fred, 3

lab-to-classroom model, 11, 1718, 20, 87, 94, 9698, 106

learning environments, 17, 30, 3335, 3839, 45

See also visual noise

learning situations, 4546, 49, 55, 96, 114, 120, 133, 151, 161

See also situational interest

learning styles, 56, 2628, 30, 33, 3537, 113

Learning Styles Theory, 113, 160

lectures, 18, 52, 5657, 14243, 152, 161

library analogy of memory, 63, 6768, 77

See also computer analogy of memory

Lithander, Marcus, 33

Load Theory, 52, 160

See also Cognitive Load Theory (CLT)

Loftus, Elizabeth, 6869

long-term learning, 85, 89, 92, 103, 121, 143, 147, 156

long-term memory, 7076, 84, 15961

Make It Stick, 19

Making Meaning by Making Connections, 46

Mannion, James, 70

massing, 88, 9093

mathematics, 6, 37, 58, 85, 87, 9397, 107, 148, 156

meaningful learning, ix, 117, 120, 122, 134

medicine, 24, 22, 28, 55

students of, 14, 55

memory,

See consolidation; cued recall vs. free recall; declarative memory; encoding; engram; external memory; eyewitness testimony; false memory; forgetting; implicit memory; long-term learning; procedural memory; prospective memory; reconstructive nature of memory; rehearsal; retrieval; schema; short-term memory; storage strength; working memory

memory span task, 57

mind-wandering, 4647, 49, 5657, 5960, 96, 160

misunderstandings about learning, 3039

mixed-methods design, 12

motivation, 47, 5556

intrinsic v. extrinsic, 56, 158

See also rewards

motor skills, 33, 9294

multimedia learning, 52, 114, 140

multi-tasking, 5253, 96

National Council on Teacher Quality (NCTQ), 67

neuromyths, 3233, 38, 160

neurons, 16, 34, 7576, 15960

neuroscience, 4, 11, 1516, 3032, 3638, 7476, 160

Neuroscience in Education: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly, 16

notes,

guided, 152

note-taking, 152

restudying, 21, 23, 25, 52, 88, 133, 139, 146, 14850

sketchnotes, i, x

See also external memory; sketching

null hypothesis, 28

parents, i, 910, 22, 28, 64, 86, 12425, 142, 146, 154158

Pashler, Hal, 5, 36, 50, 83, 84, 90, 113, 142

perception, 4, 39, 4248, 15960

motor-perception, 33

perceptual load, 52, 160

phonological loop, 5859, 16061

physics, 31, 85, 107, 109

planning, 8485, 8799, 13739, 145146, 154155

See also spaced practice

PowerPoint, 8, 9, 154

predictions about learning, 12, 21, 2425,132133

prepare-to-teach method, 108

prior knowledge, 42, 45, 47, 76, 105, 107, 161

problem solving, 92, 96, 148, 156

procedural memory, 66, 7374, 160

See also indirect memory

Processing Speed Theory, 60, 160

professional development, 32

See also teacher training

prospective memory, 65, 160

qualitative data, 1213, 160

quizzes, 1113, 36, 54, 97, 117118, 12427, 137, 14143

See also guided retrieval; retrieval: practice; testing

randomized controlled trials, 11, 13, 160

Rawson, Katherine, 9092, 132

reconstructive nature of memory, 31, 63, 6769, 74, 76, 118, 150

recall, review, recall, 128

refutational teaching, 3839, 161

rehearsal, 5859, 160

re-reading, 4, 2325, 85, 88, 9092, 107, 118, 123, 139, 146

See also notes: restudying

retrieval

guided, 73, 128, 130

retrieval cues, 77, 16061

retrieval practice, ix, 7, 25, 27 4748, 82, 8485, 98, 113, 11733, 14045, 14952, 154, 15658

retrieval strength, 9293

See also quizzes; testing

rewards, 56, 139, 158

See also motivation

Roediger, Henry (Roddy) L. III, vi, viii, 3, 12, 16, 19, 2325, 67, 77, 85, 118119, 12226, 13233

See also Make It Stick

rote memorization, 47, 120

See also fact learning

Rowley, Shannon, 33

saliency, 46, 49, 5455, 111, 140, 160

See also Increased Saliency Theory of attention

scaffolding, 117, 12830, 14244, 161

schema, 68, 76, 161

seductive details, 24, 114

self-explanation, 1078, 161

sensation, 4244, 48, 161

sensory deprivation, 3435, 39

shallow processing, 102, 161

short-term memory, 5758, 63, 7072, 74, 161

situational interest, 49, 5556, 161

six strategies for effective learning, 67, 82134, 137, 151

size constancy principle, 44

sketching, 7, 8485, 124, 141, 150151, 154, 156

skill-based memory, 66

See also procedural memory

sleep, 1314, 76, 139, 148, 157

Small Teaching, 137

smell, 43, 161

Smith, Megan A., i, 12, 102, 103, 106, 109, 119120, 126127, 143

See also Sumeracki, Megan A.

Source Monitoring Framework, 69, 161

spaced practice, 7, 82 8485, 8793, 9799, 122124, 13739, 14243, 14548, 151, 155, 157, 161

See also planning

Spurious Correlations, 1415

stakeholders, 9, 12

stimulation, 12, 30, 3435, 3839

stimulus-independent thought, 59

See also mind-wandering

storage strength, 9293

study strategies,

See blocked practice; concept maps; concrete examples; cramming; diagrams; dual coding; elaboration; highlighting; interleaving; massing; notes: guided; note-taking; notes: restudying; prepare-to-teach method; recall, review, recall; re-reading; retrieval: guided; retrieval practice; self-explanation; six strategies for effective learning; sketching; spaced practice; visuals; vocabulary learning; Wish Outcome Obstacle Plan (WOOP)

Sumeracki, Megan A., i, viix, 18, 22, 55, 60, 64, 69, 83, 103, 108, 118, 120, 126, 150

See also Smith, Megan A.

synapses, 16, 31, 75, 104, 160

task set, 56

See also mind-wandering

task-switching costs, 5354, 161

taste, 43, 161

Taylor, Annette, 32, 39

teacher training 2, 67, 37, 83

See also professional development

teaching,

See assessment, evidence-based practice, feedback, homework, learning environments, learning styles, lectures, Make It Stick, mathematics, motivation, neuromyths, planning, professional development, quizzes, refutational teaching, rewards, scaffolding, Small Teaching, study strategies, teacher training, textbooks

testing, ix, 7, 12, 16, 45, 57, 77, 84, 88, 94, 143

closed- v. open-book exams, 45

multiple-choice, 12527, 13132, 141

short-answer, 120, 12526, 13132, 14142

standardized, 28, 125

testing effect, 118, 161

test-potentiated learning, 120, 161

See also retrieval

textbooks, 2, 4, 67, 18, 21, 2325, 52, 83, 127, 133, 14851

Tharby, Mr., 97, 142

top-down processing, 42, 4548, 55, 161

See also bottom-up processing

touch, 43, 161

See also learning styles

Transient Information Effect, 66

Tulving, Endel, 77, 102103

Twitter, i, ix, 18

Uncapher, Melina, 37

understanding, 47, 83, 86, 10115, 139, 14142, 148, 15051, 158

United Kingdom, 8, 22, 45, 54, 97, 139

United States, 67, 2223, 54, 83, 157

University of Toulouse, 98

unlearning, 47

vaccines, 22

visuals, x, 4344, 59, 8485, 11215, 14041, 145, 149, 154, 156, 15961

“visual learners,” 5, 33, 35, 113, 160

See also dual coding; learning styles

visual noise, 30, 33, 35, 38

See also learning environments

visuospatial sketchpad, 5859, 161

vocabulary learning, 77, 92, 96, 143

Washington University in St. Louis, ix, 3, 23

Weinstein, Yana, i, viiix, 12, 16, 18, 22, 32, 36, 5455, 56, 60, 64, 69, 74, 77, 8385, 98, 141, 143, 150, 158

Wikipedia, 69

Wish Outcome Obstacle Plan (WOOP), 139

within-subjects design, 1314, 161

Woloshyn, Vera, 1056

Wooldridge (now Nebel), Cynthia L., 143

working memory, 52, 5859, 66, 121, 15961

Working Memory Theory of attention, 60

Yan, Veronica, 93