A | B | C | D | E
F | G | H | I | J
K | L | M | N | O
P | R | S | T | U
V | W | Y
abstinence, 404
advice. See practical advice aerial perspective, 124, 124–126 allegorical creatures, 11
anatomy
of arteries, 180, 181, 185, 192
of bones, 177, 177–178, 181, 182–183, 183, 185, 186–188, 189–190, 190–194, 192, 194
environment compared with, 199
of feet, 192
geography and, 175, 225–227, 225–228
of head, 177, 177, 183, 183–184, 185, 186, 188, 189
of horses, 194
inventions and, 197
of limbs, 181, 182, 186, 190, 190–194, 192, 194
of muscles, 176, 178, 181, 185, 185–186, 189–190, 190, 193, 193–194
of nerves, 176–178, 181, 185, 189, 195
observations flowing from, 175
of tendons, 176, 178, 188, 189, 192, 194
of veins, 180, 181, 185, 192, 199
women’s, 181
ancient architecture, 162
Andrew, 143
anger, 404
angle, 120
animals. See also specific animals
human bodies compared with, 194, 194–195
in philosophy and miscellaneous writing, 397–399, 402, 404, 407–408
sketches and studies of, 158–161, 166, 166–169
aperture, 133
aphorisms, philosophy and, 261, 391, 392, 393, 394
arches
in architecture, 264, 264–269, 266–267, 269, 271
loading, 264, 266–267, 266–268
architecture
ancient, 162
arches in, 264, 264–269, 266–267, 269, 271
cracks in, 302, 304, 305–306, 307–308, 308
of detached buildings, 310, 311
inventions and, 348
painting and, 261
of palaces, 290–291, 291, 296, 296
as practical matter, 261
problems in, 302–308, 303–304, 307–310, 311
stability of, 269, 269, 308, 309, 311
stairs in, 270, 270–271, 296, 297
armored cars, 348
arms
of human figures, 66–67, 66–67, 69–70, 69–71, 95
measurements of, 66–67, 66–67, 69–70, 69–71
positions of, 94
astronomy
earth in, 252
Renaissance thinking and, 175
stars in, 259
balance, in human figures, 11
bark, tree, 214
Bartholomew, 142
basilisk, 137
battles
figures in, 28, 28–29, 30, 34–36, 34–36
inventions for, 344, 345–353, 348, 353
at sea, 348
beams, in architecture, 291, 308
bear, 404
beautiful faces, selection of, 375, 375–376
beauty, 11
birds. See also specific birds
flying, 355–356, 357, 361, 364, 364
fox and, 408
blood, 180, 181, 185, 199, 226, 226–227
blow, to right or left, 76, 76–77
in landscapes, 202, 205–207, 209, 218, 223
physical sciences and, 252
body. See also anatomy; human figures
boundaries of, 18
human, animals compared with, 194, 194–195
soul and, 195–196, 199, 389, 409
bones
anatomy of, 177, 177–178, 181, 182–183, 183, 185, 186–188, 189–190, 190–194, 192, 194
foot, 192
gourds, 206
leaves, 206–207, 206–208, 209–212, 211, 217, 217
painter and, 211
sun and, 200
boundaries, of bodies, 18
branches
landscapes and, 209–211, 210–211, 214, 215–216, 216, 218, 218, 220
breathing, 179, 179, 189, 195, 226
bridge
cars, armored, 348
cat, 397
caterpillar, 404
center of gravity
in human figures, 78, 78, 80–81, 80–81
sketches and studies of, 150–151, 156–157
clothing. See dress clouds
in landscapes, 218–220, 219–221, 223
color. See also specific colors
of landscapes, 202, 205–207, 209, 218, 223
perspective and, 122–123, 126–129, 129
of sun, 258
columnar shadow, 109
columns, in architecture, 270, 270–271
company, drawing in, 388
constancy, 404
contrariwise friction, 342, 343
cowardice, 408
cows, 158
cracks, in architecture, 302, 304, 305–306, 307–308, 308
crocodile, 402
crow, 400
cylinders, of damp clay, 304, 305
da Vinci, Leonardo. See specific topics
deceit, 408
Demetrius, 389
derived shadow, 107–109, 109–110, 112, 113, 115, 115
diffused light, 101
diligence, 45
diminishing perspective. See linear perspective
dissection, 197
distance, perspective and, 121–126
dog, 397
drawing. See also sketches and studies
advice for, 375, 376–380, 377–378, 380–386, 385–388
in company, 388
first, 12
historical pictures, 384–385, 385
learning, 376
talent and, 46
theory in, 389
dreams, seeing in, 118
dress
clinging to limbs, 88
light, 98
duck, 398
dust
in sunbeams, 127
in tempests, 38
eagle, 361
earth
in astronomy, 252
spirit of growth of, 225, 225–226
veins in, 227
eating, 392
elm tree, 212
enamel, 314
environment
anatomy compared with, 199
depiction of, 175
Envy, 163, 163, 165, 165–166, 408
expanding shadow, 109
experience
wisdom as daughter of, 374
eye
aperture of, 133
light seen by, 99, 99–100, 134–136
measurements, 58, 58, 61–62, 61–62
in painting, 14, 16, 25, 44, 46
perception by, 120, 130–137, 132
perspective and, 120
power of, 137
pupil of, 100, 133–136, 194–195
seeing in dreams, 118
shadow seen by, 99, 99–100, 135–136
sun seen by, 136
of women, 137
face
beautiful, selection of, 375, 375–376
light and, 386
measurements, 58–59, 58–65, 61–65
ugly, 376
fantastic creatures, 11
fat, muscles and, 178
faults, 388
fear, 408
figures. See also human figures
in battles, 28, 28–29, 30, 34–36, 34–36
in historical pictures, 25, 25–27, 28
passion animating, 50
shadow on, 25
in tempests, 38
in philosophy and miscellaneous writing, 398, 401, 401–402
fleas, 397
flint, 400
flying
birds, 355–356, 357, 361, 364, 364
center of gravity in, 366, 369
inventions, 355, 355–356, 357–358, 359, 360, 361, 362–365, 364–366, 367–368, 369, 370, 371–372, 372–373
wings for, 355–356, 359, 360, 361, 363–364, 364, 366, 369, 371–372
food, 392
force
in physical sciences, 250–253, 251
fortitude, 408
fox, 408
friction, contrariwise, 342, 343
geography
anatomy and, 175, 225–227, 225–228
maps in, 175, 232–234, 236–243, 243
mountains and, 226–228, 231, 236, 240, 244–249, 245–247
rivers in, 227–231, 235–238, 236–239, 241, 241
seas in, 228–231, 230, 232, 238, 239–240, 240
spirit of growth and, 225, 225–226
water in, 226, 226–228, 233, 235
wind and, 231
gold-finch, 408
good deeds, 396
gourds, 206
gravity, 250, 252. See also center of gravity gray, 205
growth, spirit of, 225, 225–226
hands
clumsy, 55
hawk, 398
head
anatomy, 177, 177, 183, 183–184, 185, 186, 188, 189
positions, 94
health, 392
hips, 94
historical pictures
holy water, 396
honor, 409
hooves, 322
hope, 409
horses
anatomy of, 194
hooves of, 322
in sculpture and metalwork, 314–323, 322, 324–325, 325–326, 327
sketches and studies of, 158–161
human figures. See also anatomy
arms, 66–67, 66–67, 69–70, 69–71, 95
balance in, 11
center of gravity in, 78, 78, 80–81, 80–81
in The Last Supper, 140–143, 141
measurements of, 52–53, 53–59, 56–75, 61–75
movement of, 54, 55, 76–81, 76–81, 92
purpose of, easily recognized, 54
running, 78
in studies and sketches, 140–146, 141, 148–151, 154–157, 162, 165, 165, 169–173, 170
humility, 404
hypocrisy, 402
illumination, varying, 102–103, 102–107, 105–106
instrumental science, 340
intemperance, 404
anatomy and, 197
architecture and, 348
for battles, 344, 345–353, 348, 353
center of gravity in, 340, 366, 369
destruction of, 371
flying, 355, 355–356, 357–358, 359, 360, 361, 362–365, 364–366, 367–368, 369, 370, 371–372, 372–373
ladders in, 358, 359, 366, 367–368, 369
pinion in, 338, 339, 343–344, 343–344
as practical matter, 261
scorned, 389
sculpture and, 348
springs, 338–339, 339, 372, 372
wheels in, 340, 340, 343, 343–344
jackdaws, 408
James the Greater, 142
judgment, 196
justice, 407
knowledge
acquisition of, 392
perceptions and, 390
ladders, 358, 359, 366, 367–368, 369
lakes, 240
landscapes. See also botany
branches and, 209–211, 210–211, 214, 215–216, 216, 218, 218, 220
clouds in, 218–220, 219–221, 223
color of, 202, 205–207, 209, 218, 223
depiction of, 175, 201–205, 202–205
light and shadow in, 202–205, 209–210, 210, 212, 212–214, 214, 216–220, 219–221, 223
mountains in, 204, 204–205, 218
sun and, 202–203, 218–220, 219–221, 223
trees in, 202–205, 203, 219–220, 220–221
wind and, 204, 207, 213, 213, 218–219
learning
to draw, 376
leaves
botany and, 206–207, 206–208, 209–212, 211, 217, 217
legs
measurements of, 68, 68, 72–75, 73–75
strength of, 361
lewdness, 404
lies, 408
light
diffused, 101
eye seeing, 99, 99–100, 134–136
face and, 386
in landscapes, 202–205, 209–210, 210, 212, 212–214, 214, 216–220, 219–221, 223
mirrors and, 130
in paintings, 20–24, 21, 23, 25
in perspective, 126–128, 130–131
practical advice on, 376, 386–387
reflected, 102
sculpture and, 314
varying illumination by, 102–103, 102–107, 105–106
light dress, 98
anatomy of, 181, 182, 186, 190, 190–194, 192, 194
garments clinging to, 88
line, 120
literary skill, 389
lungs, 189
magpies, 408
man, Renaissance concept of, 175
maps, 175, 232–234, 236–243, 243
marble, 327
Marius, 389
mathematics
painter needing, 387
Matthew, 143
measurements
arm, 66–67, 66–67, 69–70, 69–71
human figure, 52–53, 53–59, 56–75, 61–75
muscle, 185
mechanical science, 340
men
limbs of, 94
metalwork. See sculpture and metalwork
mind
common concepts of, 392, 393, 394
of painter, 13, 13–14, 138, 388
riches of, 389
minute objects, 377
mirrors
light and, 130
in metalwork, 328
in painting, 13, 17, 18, 25, 138, 388–389
miscellaneous writing. See philosophy and miscellaneous writing mist, 125–126
molds
in sculpture and metalwork, 322, 322–323, 324, 328
stucco for, 328
mole, 408
moth, 398
Mount Caucasus, 248
Mount Taurus, 244–246, 245, 248–249
mountains
geography and, 226–228, 231, 236, 240, 244–249, 245–247
in landscapes, 204, 204–205, 218
visual perception and, 119, 119–120
movement
blow to right or left, 76, 76–77
ceasing, 409
of human figures, 54, 55, 76–81, 76–81, 92
in physical sciences, 252–257, 256
running, 78
in sculpture and metalwork, 312
of vapor, 231
muscles
anatomy of, 176, 178, 181, 185, 185–186, 189–190, 190, 193, 193–194
fat and, 178
measurements of, 185
nerves and, 176
natural objects, painting, 44, 46
nature
necessity and, 392
necessity, 392
nerves
anatomy of, 176–178, 181, 185, 189, 195
muscles and, 176
optic, 195
nocturnal animals, 134–135, 194–195
nourishment, 178–179, 195, 200, 392
nut, 400
observations, order and, 175
obstacles, 392
opinions, on paintings, 388
optic nerve, 195
order, observations and, 175
ostrich, 137
painter
botany and, 211
mathematics needed by, 387
personal faults corrected by, 55
painting
architecture and, 261
diligence in, 45
essentials of, 11
historical pictures, 25, 25–27, 28
mirrors in, 13, 17, 18, 25, 138, 388–389
opinions on, 388
perspective in, 16, 16, 46, 120
sculpture compared with, 314, 314
tempests, 38, 38–43, 40, 42, 44–45
works surpassed by, 14
palaces, 290–291, 291, 296, 296
paper, tinted, 28
partridges, 407
passion, 50
pelican, 402
perception, knowledge and, 390. See also visual
perception
personal faults, painter correcting, 55
perspective
branches of, 121
color and, 122–123, 126–129, 129
eye and, 120
images in atmosphere and, 129, 129–130
mathematical terms expressing, 120–121
pyramidal lines in, 120, 129, 129, 132–133
shadow in, 107–108, 108, 127–128, 131
theory, 389
visual perception and, 11, 119–137
Peter, 142
Philip, 143
philosophy and miscellaneous writing
animals in, 397–399, 402, 404, 407–408
aphorisms and, 261, 391, 392, 393, 394
on common concepts of mind, 392, 393, 394
on good deeds, 396
Pythagoras and, 397
physical sciences
blue and, 252
Renaissance thinking and, 175
seas in, 257
pinion, 338, 339, 343–344, 343–344
planning
plants. See also specific plants
nourishment of, 200
plaster
over timber, 308
poetry, 14
point, 120
power, 253
practical advice, 261
on drapery folds, 380, 381–383
on drawing, 375, 376–380, 377–378, 380–386, 385–388
on minute objects, 377
on selection of beautiful faces, 375, 375–376
practice, knowledge and, 120, 389
prescience, 330
pride, 404
privies, 291
proportion, in human figures, 11, 93, 93–94
pupil, of eye, 100, 133–136, 194–195
pyramidal lines, in perspective, 120, 129, 129, 132–133
Pythagoras, 397
rat, 397
reason, 11
red, 128
Red Sea, 240
reflected light, 102
Renaissance man, 175
repercussed shadow, 107
riches, of mind, 389
rivers
flooding by, 293
in geography, 227–231, 235–238, 236–239, 241, 241
time and, 409
running, 78
sand, 228
science. See also physical sciences
defined, 330
instrumental or mechanical, 340
sculpture and metalwork
horses, 314–323, 322, 324–325, 325–326, 327
inventions and, 348
light and, 314
marble, 327
mirrors in, 328
in motion, 312
painting compared with, 314, 314
as practical matter, 261
seas
battles at, 348
in geography, 228–231, 230, 232, 238, 239–240, 240
in physical sciences, 257
Red, 240
in tempests, 39–42, 40, 42, 44
seeds, 215
serving, 409
shadow
columnar, 109
degrees of, 97, 97–98, 108–111, 109–110, 112, 113–116, 114–117
derived, 107–109, 109–110, 112, 113, 115, 115
expanding, 109
eye seeing, 99, 99–100, 135–136
on figures, 25
in landscapes, 202–205, 209–210, 210, 212, 212–214, 214, 216–220, 219–221, 223
in perspective, 107–108, 108, 127–128, 131
power of, 98
repercussed, 107
simple, 107
size and, 111
shoulder muscles, 51, 51, 190, 190
sight, 44
Simon, 143
simple shadow, 107
sketch book, 28
sketches and studies, 139
of animals, 158–161, 166, 166–169
of Envy, 163, 163, 165, 165–166
of grotesque faces, 170, 170–173
of historical pictures, 384–385, 385
human figures in, 140–146, 141, 148–151, 154–157, 162, 165, 165, 169–173, 170
of Pleasure and Pain, 162, 163
of women, 144, 150–151, 154, 169
spider, 137
springs
inventions, 338–339, 339, 372, 372
square, face as, 59, 59–61, 61
stability, of architecture, 269, 269, 308, 309, 311
stairs, 270, 270–271, 296, 297
stars, 259
steel, 400
steps, climbing, 79, 79–81, 81
strength, weaknesses creating, 224
stucco, 328
studies. See sketches and studies studio, 385–387, 386
studying
without desire, 392
patience and, 400
sun
botany and, 200
color of, 258
dust in, 127
eye seeing, 136
landscapes and, 202–203, 218–220, 219–221, 223
perspective and, 126–127, 130–131
talent, 46
tempests
dust in, 38
figures in, 38
painting, 38, 38–43, 40, 42, 44–45
trees in, 38, 39, 40, 42, 42, 44
tendons, 176, 178, 188, 189, 192, 194
theory, in drawing, 389
Thomas, 143
timber, plaster over, 308
time, 409
tinted paper, 28
toad, 402
treason, 402
trees. See also specific trees
bark of, 214
in landscapes, 202–205, 203, 219–220, 220–221
perspective and, 123, 123, 125
in tempests, 38, 39, 40, 42, 42, 44
truth
partridges and, 407
in sketches and studies, 164–165, 164–165
twins, Pleasure and Pain as, 162, 163
ugly faces, 376
usefulness, 409
vapor, movement of, 231
veins
anatomy of, 180, 181, 185, 192, 199
in earth, 227
virtue, 165, 165, 404–409, 405–407
visual perception
walls
built up equally, 306
nut destroying, 400
problems with, 302–303, 303–304, 305–306, 307–308, 308
war. See battles
water
architecture and, 292–295, 293–295
in geography, 226, 226–228, 233, 235
holy, 396
time and, 409
weaknesses, strength created by, 224
wheels, in inventions, 340, 340, 343, 343–344
white, 128
wind
geography and, 231
landscapes and, 204, 207, 213, 213, 218–219
window, painter’s, 385–386, 386
wings
for flying, 355–356, 359, 360, 361, 363–364, 364, 366, 369, 371–372
wisdom
as daughter of experience, 374
as riches of mind, 389
wolf, 137
women
anatomy of, 181
eyes of, 137
sketches and studies of, 144, 150–151, 154, 169