Page numbers refer to the print edition but are hyperlinked to the appropriate location in the e-book.
Abe Lincoln in Illinois (1940), 324
Abie’s Irish Rose (1928), 45
Academy Awards, 1, 97, 107, 124, 199, 204, 321, 322; to March of Time, 239, 265
The Adventures of Marco Polo (1938), 212n
The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938), 199, 325, 346
Alessandrini, Goffredo, 126
All Quiet on the Western Front (1930), 1–10, 18, 148, 220, 221, 222, 217, 294, 343, 353, 363, 364, 369; German print, 2, 8, 9; photo, 3; screenings—in Berlin, 2–4, —in Vienna, 7–8
All Quiet on the Western Front (book), 2, 6
American Federation of Labor, 181
America’s Lafayettes (1938), 162, 164
Anthony Adverse (1936), 199
anti-Nazi activism, 97–121, 180–82, 189, 277–80, 287, 290–91, 302–10, 311; and Warner Bros., 311–14, 329–35, 340, 345, 346, 348
Anti Nazi Economic Bulletin, 181
anti-Nazi films, 53, 67, 68, 77, 89, 99, 176, 185–96, 209–10, 254–55, 276–81, 285, 346, 348, 351, 353, 354, 356–60; lack of, 44–45, 54, 110, 185, 208–10, 290; market for, 208, 345–46; MPPDA/PCA and, 57–59, 72–73, 138, 194–96, 211, 225, 337–38; Soviet, 174, 186–89, 194–96. See also March of Time
Anti-Nazi News (paper), 99, 105
anti-Nazi protests, coverage of, 286–87
antisemitic decree of July 1, 1933, 31
antisemitism, 11, 317, 361; Berlin boycott, 285; and communism, 228, 234, 331; European, 49; in films, 49–50, 52, 338; illustrations, 12, 229; and Kristallnacht, 281–85, 304; leaflets, 235, 341n; and March of Time, 282–85; Nazi, 46, 281–85, 286, 288; and newsreels, 281–84, 286; and theaters, 53, 177–78
Are We Civilized? (1934), 94, 315
art houses. See arty theaters
Associated Film Audiences, 118
Association of Motion Picture Producers (AMPP), 55, 55n
audiences, 15, 26, 53, 161, 167, 171, 180, 216, 223, 224, 235, 350, 369, 370; anti-Nazi, 88, 89, 90–91, 280; and Blockade, 152, 153; for foreign films, 177, 183, 184, 185, 193; and March of Time, 243, 252, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258, 288, 292; newsreel, 78, 81, 82, 83, 84, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 135, 158, 159, 161, 239, 260, 264, 269, 274, 275, 287, 355, 368; and Olympia, 304; and patriotic shorts, 320, 321, 324, 325, 328; and Triumph of the Will, 298
Aulinger, Elise, photo, 180
Back Street (book) (1931), 62
The Baltic Deputy (1937), 196
Band of Brothers (2001), 371
The Barretts of Wimpole St. (1934), 101
Beard, Matthew, photo, 123
Beetson, Frederick W., 55
Behind the Lines in Spain (1938), 162
Ben-Ami, Jacob, 52; photo, 53
Bennett, Joan, photo, 147
“Berchtesgaden, Bavaria!” (March of Time), 243
The Birth of a Nation (1915), 361
The Bishop Who Walked with God, 345
Blockade (1938), 167, 208; box office, 156–57; and Breen office, 147–49, 149n7, 154, 157; and Catholics, 154–56; and Knights of Columbus, 155–56; and Legion of Decency, 155; and MPPDA, 157; plot, 150–52; premier, 152; reactions to, 152–58; and Wanger, 150, 156–58
blocked currency. See currency
Blonde Venus (1932), 27, 54
The Blue Light (1932), 294
Borah, William E., 67, 75
Bored of Education (1936), 124
Box Office (weekly), 110, 119, 121, 135, 171, 182, 184, 235, 263, 291, 308, 324, 325
boycotts, 38, 72, 140, 156, 373; of Jewish goods, 33, 37, 93–94, 246, 283, 285; of Nazi goods, 178–79, 181–82, 185, 303
Bradna, Olympia, 144; photo, 145
Breen, Joseph I.; 96, background, 41; and Hays, 41–43; and PCA, 42; photo, 57; and political censorship, 43–44. See also Breen office
Breen office, 42–43, 43n, 68; and All Quiet on the Western Front, 364; and Blockade, 147–49, 154, 157; and Catholics, 154; and Confessions of a Nazi Spy, 336–38; and foreign films, 175; and The Great Dictator, 357–58; and Gyssling, 217–18, 220; and Idiot’s Delight, 211–16; and I Was a Captive of Nazi Germany, 68, 70–73; and local censors, 195; and The Mad Dog of Europe, 57–59; and March of Time, 241; and moral v. political censorship, 43–44, 196, 208–209; and The Mortal Storm, 360; and Personal History, 137–38; photo, 57; and The Road Back, 217–18, 220; and Spanish Civil War, 143–44, 147, 148; and The Wandering Jew, 50
Bride of Frankenstein (1935), 198, 220
The Bridge at Remagen (1969), 370
Bring ’Em Back Alive (1932), 63
Browning, Natalie, photo, 53
brownshirts. See storm troopers
The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari (1920), 14, 200
Cardinal Richelieu (1935), 47
Carrillo, Leo, 150; photo, 149
The Cat and the Canary (1927), 17
Catholics, 41, 54, 96, 97, 114, 149, 245, 277, 286, 290, 316, 334, 357, 358; and Blockade, 154–56; and HANL, 100, 106; and the Spanish Civil War, 138, 140, 141–42, 144, 148, 153, 154–57, 171
“Censorship” (lecture), 118
censorship, 24–26, 41, 43, 45, 65, 70, 83–85, 212; and All Quiet on the Western Front, 2, 4, 8, 364; and Catholics, 154–57; local, 65, 83, 160, 171–72, 179, 187, 195–96, 208, 241–42, 250–51; and March of Time, 240, 241–42, 242n, 244, 250, 252, 257, 289; moral v. political, 195–96, 208, 241–42, 251; MPPDA/PCA, 99, 208, 240, 337; and Mussolini, 125; by Nazis, 25–26, 29–31, 92, 199, 209–10, 268, 283, 289, 314, 318; of newsreels, 83–85, 160, 239, 262, 263, 265, 266, 283; political, 137–38, 148, 195–96, 208–209, 241–42, 251; self-censorship, 262, 263, 287; of Soviet movies, 187; and Spanish Civil War, 158, 159, 160, 171–72. See also Breen office; Hays office
Chancellor, Philip M., 108
Charlie Chan at the Olympics (1937), 30
Cinema Europe (BBC series) (1995), 86n
The Cohens and the Kellys (1926–1933), 45
The Cohens and the Kellys in Hollywood (1932), 26
Committee for Public Information, 111
Concentration Camp (1939), 188, 196
Confessions of a Nazi Spy (1939), 12, 195, 311, 329, 336–46, 350, 355, 356, 358, 362, 367; photo, 341
consuls, German, 2, 65, 68, 69, 71, 73, 175–76, 196, 209, 217–20, 250, 254, 303–305, 308, 335–36, 337, 344, 362, 376
Contemporary Historians, Inc., 165
Daily News, and Isobel Steele, 68
Daily Variety (trade paper), 36, 90, 96, 113, 131, 132, 136, 159, 214, 221, 224, 271, 306, 308, 343, 344, 356
Daily Worker (paper), 113, 115, 152, 153, 164, 166, 171, 193, 228, 280, 286, 309
Dante’s Inferno (1935), 369
Dark Victory (1939), 330n
Das Wachsfigurenkabinett (1924), 16
Declaration of Democratic Independence, 120–21
The Declaration of Independence (1938), 323
de Los Rios, Fernando, 165
DeMille, Cecil B., photo, 60
Department of Justice, and studios, 232
Der Katzensteg (1938), 183; photo, 183
Design for Living (1933), 26
The Diary of a Lost Girl (1929), 32
Die Nibelungen (1924), 201
Dietrich, Marlene, 16, 27, 199, 202, 204–205, 293, 294; photos, 28, 205
Die Vandernder Yid (The Wandering Jew, 1933), 52–53, 94; photo, 53
Dinner at Eight (1933), 101
The Dirty Dozen (1967), 370
Disney, Walt, and Riefenstahl, 303, 307
documentaries, 44, 81, 124, 240, 256, 285, 301, 365, 367, 369–71; Crisis, 276–80; and Riefenstahl, 121, 295, 296–300; Spanish Civil War, 117, 158, 161–73, 275; World War II archival, 79n, 95, 275, 370
Doherty, Daniel J., 331; photo, 333
Dreher, Carl, on Triumph of the Will, 298
Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1932), 97
86th Street Casino Theatre, 356n
86th Street Garden Theatre, 356n
Embassy Newsreel Theater, 78, 90, 181, 272, 289, 292, 296; and Anschluss, 269; audience, 82, 87, 88, 89, 90–91, 94, 159, 187, 244, 256, 355; and “Inside Nazi Germany,” 256–57; and Lindbergh, 260; photo, 80; program, 81, 93; Sudentenland, 271
Enters, Angna, photo, 141
Falling Soldier (photograph), 139
fifth column, 11, 68, 151, 151n, 210, 226, 227, 247, 277, 335, 340
The Fighting 69th (1940), 358
Film Daily, 3, 10, 25, 32, 65, 174, 179, 255, 280, 286, 328; Berlin Bureau closing, 290–91; on newsreels, 79, 81, 83, 264; on Riefenstahl, 294
Film Industry Summit Organization, 37n
A Film Unfinished (2010), 365
Fires in May (novel), 208
Fitzgerald, F. Scott, 225
Fitzpatrick Travelogues, 319
Ford, John, 17, 96, 119; and Spanish Civil War, 142
Foreign Correspondent (1940), 358
foreign films, 14, 90, 125, 174, 175, 185, 337; anti-Nazi, 185–86; German, 176–85; Soviet, 185–96
The Forty Days of Musa Dagh (book), 209
For Whom the Bell Tolls (novel), 167
Four Daughters (1938), 325
The 400,000,000 (1939), 172
“Four Years of Hitler” (radio), 329–30
Fox Film Corp., in Germany, 34, 38
Fox Movietone News, 34, 79, 81, 89, 120, 240, 243, 287, 289; and Hauptmann trial, 260–61; Munich Pact, 271; and naziganda, 92–93; Panay, 264–65; and Spanish Civil War, 142–43; 160
Freiling, Don Thomas, 106
From Here to Eternity (1953), 370
Gahagan, Helen, 331; photo, 121
Gaus, Friedrich Wilhelm, photo, 352
General Suvorov (1941), 356n
German American Bund, 11, 105, 227, 230, 248, 250, 276, 288; and Confessions of a Nazi Spy, 337, 338, 339, 244; and Triumph of the Will, 298
German consular offices. See consuls
German Foreign Ministry, 220
German Motion Picture Theater Owners, 4
Girl of the Ozarks (1936), 111
Give Me Liberty! (1936), 321
Give Us This Night (1936), 27
“God Bless America” (song), 291
Goebbels, Paul Joseph, 2, 75, 92–94, 106, 203, 220, 285, 316, 364, 368, 340, 372; and All Quiet on the Western Front, 4, 10; background, 18–19; censorship by, 25, 26, 29, 76, 92; and film, 19–22; and Jannings, 204; and Kristallnacht, 281, 283; and Lang, 201; and March of Time, 245, 246, 247, 252, 288; photo, 19; and propaganda, 20; and Riefenstahl, 294, 295, 296, 300; and The Road Back, 220–21
Golden Age of Hollywood, 12
Golden Mountains (1931), 187
Goldstein, Christopher, 35
Gone With the Wind (1939), 322
Good Morning, Mr. Hitler (1993), 365
Grand Illusion (1938), 185
The Grapes of Wrath (1940), 361
The Great Dictator (1940), 266n, 357
The Great Escape (1963), 370
The Greatest Generation (book), 371
Great War: aftermath, 5, 14, 18, 217; and All Quiet on the Western Front, 1, 10; films, 69, 214, 220, 223, 224, 275, 358; and Hollywood, 111, 158, 214; and Nazis, 2, 8, 283; and newsreels, 63, 89, 158, 364; propaganda, 20
Griffith, Raymond, photo, 3
Gyssling, Georg, 175; background, 68; and Breen, 217–18, 220; and Confessions of a Nazi Spy, 335–36; and I Was a Captive of Nazi Germany, 68–73; leaves U.S., 362–63; photo, 305; and Riefenstahl, 305, 306–307, 308; and The Road Back, 217–21; and Steele, 69–70
Hackenschmied, Alexandr, 276
Hale, Edward Everett, 321
Hanfstaengl, Ernst “Putzi,” 61, 370
Hangmen Also Die! (1943), 203
HANL. See Hollywood Anti-Nazi League
Hans Westmer (1933), 295n4
Hart, Vincent G., 50, 175
Hauptmann, Bruno Richard, and newsreels, 260
Hays, Will H., 41, 131, 175; photo, 42. See also Hays office
Hays office, 41–43, 43n, 50, 175; and American Legion, 332; and Blockade, 155; and Confessions of a Nazi Spy, 337–38; and I Was a Captive of Nazi Germany, 72, 194; and March of Time, 241; and newsreels, 84; 1938 report, 137; and politics, 43, 144, 147, 158, 194, 209, 353. See also Breen office
Hearst Metrotone News, 79, 81, 92; and Hauptmann trial, 260–61; and Spanish Civil War, 160–61
Hearst, William Randolph, and Spanish Civil War, 160–61
Here Comes Trouble (1936), 111
Heroes for Sale (1933), 313
Hindenburg, newsreel footage of, 269
“The History of Motion Picture Production” (lecture), 118
Hitler, Adolf, 18, 22, 54, 106, 134–35, 176, 181, 183, 193, 242–47, 263, 271, 279, 285, 286, 370; and American film business, 31–41, 43–44, 202, 209–210, 217; and Chaplin, 28; and German film business, 23–24, 31; and Löwenstein, 97–98; and March of Time, 242–44; and newsreels, 85–95, 86n, 243, 268–72; photos, 11, 19, 88; on radio, 271; as subject, 44; and trade press, 10; and Vanderbilt, 61, 63. See also Goebbels; HANL; Nazis; March of Time; Mussolini; newsreels; Riefenstahl
Hitler and Germany (1933), 285–86
Hitler—Beast of Berlin (1939), 357
Hitlerjunge Quex (1934), 179–80
Hitler’s Reign of Terror (1934), 62–66; censorship, 65; and MPPDA, 63; and PCA, 63; photos, 64; reviews of, 65
Hollander, Frederick, 199
Hollingshead, Gordon, 320
Hollywood Anti-Nazi League (HANL), 98; activities of, 99, 104–10, 117–18; anniversary of, 108; and Blockade, 156; and celebrities, 99; and communism, 228–29; and the Daily Worker, 113; Declaration of Democratic Independence, 120–21; and Dies Committee, 232–34, 236; FDR and, 110; and Hitler-Stalin Pact, 352–53; and Kristallnacht, 118; and Thomas Mann, 330; and March of Time, 254; membership, 100, 100n, 107, 108; and V. Mussolini, 132–33, 136; news coverage of, 119; origins, 102–103; protests, 104, 121; “Quarantine Hitler” rally, 290; radio show, 106; and Riefenstahl, 305–306, 309, 310; and The Road Back, 219–20; and Spanish Civil War, 140; vandalism of offices, 107
Hollywood Anti-Nazi League, Hollywood Council for Democracy, 110
Hollywood Anti-Nazi League for the Defense of American Democracy. See Hollywood Anti-Nazi League
Hollywood League Against Nazism, 103. See also Hollywood Anti-Nazi League
Hollywood League for Democratic Action, 352
Hollywood Reporter, 9, 10, 24, 31, 55, 82, 93, 115, 124, 132, 135, 146, 193, 209, 219, 231, 232, 256, 298, 306, 307, 309, 311, 319, 332, 335, 336, 343, 350, 363
Hollywood trade press, and Nazis, 10
Hollywood Tribune, and Riefenstahl, 304
The Holy Mountain (1926), 294, 295
Homage to Catalonia (book), 139
Hornblow Jr., Arthur, photo, 121
Houghton, Arthur, photo, 57
House Committee on Un-American Activities (HUAC), 227
The House of Rothschild (1934), 46–48; photo, 48
Howard, Fine, and Howard, 44
“How Motion Pictures Are Made” (lecture), 118
Hugenberg, Alfred, 4, 18, 22
Hutchins, Bobby, photo, 123
I Am a Fugitive from a Chain Gang (1932), 68, 313, 313n
Ice Follies of 1939 (1939), 200
Idiot’s Delight (play and movie) (1939), 212–17; photo, 216
Imitation of Life (book) (1933), 62
“The Influence of Foreign Theater and Technique” (lecture), 118
Inglourious Basterds (2009), 371–72; photo, 372
Italy, closed to Hollywood, 210; and Idiot’s Delight, 212–13, 216. See also Mussolini
“It Can Happen Over There, But It Can’t Happen Here,” (song), 118, 234
It Can’t Happen Here (novel), 209
I Was a Captive of Nazi Germany (1936), 94, 218–19, 336; and Breen office, 68, 70–73; and Code seal, 70–73; description of, 74–75; and Will Hays, 72; and PCA, 68, 71; photo, 76; and Production Code, 72–73; reviews of, 75–77
The Jew Suss (1934), 51, 146
Jews, and censorship, 45–46; and German film industry, 21–22, 24; 34, 37, 45, 137–38, 197, 316; and Hollywood, 4, 6, 8, 10, 11–12, 26, 27, 32, 34, 45, 49–51, 58, 310, 315, 317; and New Deal, 11; on screen, 45–53; at Ufa, 18, 22–23. See also antisemitism; boycotts; Kristallnacht; March of Time; newsreels
Johnny Got His Gun (book), 353
Joint Boycott Committee of the American Jewish Congress and the Jewish Labor Committee, 182
Journey into Fear (1943), 266n
Journey’s End (1928), 217
Jugend von Heute (1938), 183
Kansas City Censor Board, 344–45
Kansas State Board of Review, 241
KFWB, 99, 106–107, 108, 208, 313, 320, 329, 330, 338, 364
Kleist, Heinrich von, 303
Klingenberg, Heinz, photo, 180
Knickerbocker, H. R., 142
Knights of Columbus, and Blockade, 155–56
Kosher Kitty Kelly (1926), 45
Krause-Wichmann, Georg F., 250
Laemmle Jr., Carl, 33–34, 119, 202; aid to Germany, 5–6; and All Quiet on the Western Front, 6–7; background, 4–6; death of, 363–64; photos, 7, 121
La Follette, Robert M., 262
The Lancer Spy (1937), 69
The Last Command (1928), 16, 204
The Last Train from Madrid (1937), 143–46
Legion of Decency, and Blockade, 155; grading system of, 154; pledge, 154
Lenin in 1918 (1939), 351
Liberty (magazine), on Riefenstahl, 300
Lincoln in the White House (1939), 324–25
Lindbergh, Charles, newsreels, 88
Lindbergh kidnapping, newsreel coverage of, 260
Lischka, Karl, 338; photo, 57
The Little Colonel (1935), 30
The Longest Day (1962), 370
The Louis-Schmeling Fight (1938), 330
The Loves of Pharaoh (1922), 15
Lubbe, Marinus van der, 174n
Luciano Serra, Pilot, (1938), 126
“The Lunatic Fringe” (March of Time), 242
Luxer. See Trans-Lux Theater
Mackinnon, Douglas, photo, 57
MacMahon, Aline, photo, 121
Madelik-Weiner, Lucien, 21
Madrid Document (1937), 162
Maedchen in Uniform (1931), 177–78
Malvina Pictures Corp., 68, 70
Mankiewicz, Joseph L., 226
The Man Who Laughs (1928), 17
The Man Without a Country (1937), 321–23
March of Time (1935–1951), Academy award, 239, 265; and censorship, 240–42, 266, 289; content, 239–40, 287–88; and Hitler, 242–244; library stock used in, 238, 246; and MPPDA/PCA, 240–41; and National Archives, 239; and Nazis, 242–58; and newsreels, 238, 243, 265–66; as precedent, 367; reenactments in, 238–39, 246, 252–53, 288; style of, 237, 339
March of Time Productions, Inc., 55
Maria, Helga, 105; photo, 98
Marie Antoinette (1938), 101
McFarland, George, photo, 123
Mercury Theatre on the Air (radio), 268
The Merry Widow (1934), 26
Mezhinsky, Semyon, 190, photo, 191
MGM, 6, 14, 26, 31, 49, 55n, 79, 101, 110, 120, 135n, 140, 146, 161, 200, 201, 209, 217, 228, 232, 235, 311–13, 318, 319, 350; in Germany, 35, 38; and Idiot’s Delight, 212–13; and Mortal Storm, 358–60; and Mussolini, 129; and Nazis, 182, 314–17, 318–19; News of the Day, 263; and Roach, 123, 124; and Spanish Civil War, 161; style, 313
A Midsummer Night’s Dream (1935), 26, 198
Mister Roberts (1955), 370
Modern Times (1936), 29; photo, 29
moguls, 11, 14, 17, 23, 24, 41, 96, 101, 112, 114, 122, 175, 231, 235, 312, 318, 329, 331, 336, 354, 361
Molotov, Vyacheslav, 351; photo, 352
Montague, William P., 260
Moore, Alexander P., photo, 16
Motion Picture Democratic Committee, 110
Motion Picture Division of the Department of Commerce, 40
Motion Picture Herald, 22, 41, 46, 83, 89, 153, 154, 160, 161, 166, 171, 185, 186, 204, 207, 216, 222, 233, 253, 255, 259, 280, 287, 300, 317, 319, 324, 364; on book burnings, 94; on Die Vandernder Yid, 53
Motion Picture Producers and Distributors of America (MPPDA), 8, 37n, 40, 99, 127, 137, 211, 301, 329; and Blockade, 157; and censorship, 208–209; and communism, 232; and federal government, 194–95; and foreign films, 174–75; and HANL, 99; and The Mad Dog of Europe, 54–57, 55n, 59; and March of Time, 240; and Nazism, 40–44; and newsreels, 84–84; and RAM, 127, 129; and Spanish Civil War, 140, 143; and Vanderbilt, 62
Motion Picture Relief Fund, 112
MPAC. See Motion Picture Artists Committee
MPPDA. See Motion Picture Producers and Distributors of America
Mr. Smith Goes to Washington (1939), 271n
Music in the Air (1934), 198
Mussolini, Benito: and defense industries, 211; Hitler visit, 274; in newsreels, 85–87; and Roach, 124–27, 134
Mussolini, Vittorio, 121, 302, 305, 306; background, 126; photos, 128, 129, 132; trip to U.S., 127–36
Mussolini Speaks (1933), 124
“My Day” (newspaper column), 279
National Archives, and March of Time, 239
National Legion of Decency. See Legion of Decency
Nazis: absence from screen, 44–45; and All Quiet on the Western Front, 1, 4, 7–10; in America, 247–48; and anti-Nazi films, 196; and censorship, 25–31, 34, 176, 178, 196; and film industry, 10, 12, 21–22, 24, 31, 37–39, 40–45, 65, 181–85, 197; 199–206, 209–210, 219–20; and the Great War, 2; imports blocked by, 197; media control by, 36, 269–70; and propaganda, 19–20, 91–95, 179–81, 366; screen memory of, 365–73. See also antisemitism; boycotts; March of Time; newsreels; Warner Bros.
“Nazi Conquest—No. 1” (March of Time), 272–73
Nazi Party Congress of 1934, 296
Nazi Spies in America (book), 335
Neurath, Konstantin von, 316
newsreels, 78–95, 259–92; access problems, 275, 285, 280, 286, 289–90; antisemitic signs in, 285, 286; audiences, 81–82, 88–91, 260, 267; censorship, 83–85, 89–95, 262–66; and China, 264–65; concentration camp footage, 368; content, 83–91, 259–60, 266, 265, 238; editing by exhibitors, 89–90, 287–88; and German elections, 86; and Hitler, 85–95, 243, 268–72; impact of, 265; and Kristallnacht, 281, 284–85, 284n; and Lindbergh, 88, 260; and Memorial Day riot, 261–63; and Nazis, 10, 366, 370–71; Nazi control of, 89–95, 239, 269–70; profitability, 83; self-censorship, 262–63, 266, 287–88; status of, 83; repurposing of, 276; and Spanish Civil War, 158–73
News of the World (paper), 99; photo, 109; and The Road Back, 219
New Theatre and Film (magazine), 140, 162
New York State Censor Commission, 175
New York World-Telegram, and Riefenstahl, 303
The Nibelungen (1924), 21
North American Committee to Aid Spanish Democracy, 142, 165
NSANL. See Non-Sectarian Anti-Nazi League to Champion Human Rights
“Number Nine” (March of Time), 241
Nuremberg trials, film in, 368–69
Olympic Ski Champions (1936), 182, 315
Our Flags Lead Us Forward, 180
Palmer, Mrs. A. Mitchell, 172, 196
Paramore Jr., Edward E., 225
Paramount News, 79, 81, 92, 287, 289; in Germany, 35, 38; and Hauptmann trial, 260–61; and Memorial Day riot, 261–63; and Nazis, 314–17, 318–19; and Spanish Civil War, 142, 145
Parker, Dorothy, 96, 98, 100–104, 106, 108, 172, 232; photo, 102; and Spanish Civil War, 140
PCA. See Production Code Administration
Pennsylvania State Board of Censors, 171, 172, 196
Pins and Needles (1937), 117
“Poland and War” (March of Time), 244, 288
political censorship. See censorship
Popular Front, 98, 99, 361; and anti-Nazi stage productions, 209; as audience, 186; and communism, 228; and Crisis, 279; and Hearst, 161; and Hitler-Stalin Pact, 351; and Kristallnacht, 290; and Mussolini visit, 135; photo, 210; and Riefenstahl, 302; and Spanish Civil War, 138, 141–42, 161–73; and Warner Bros., 331
“Prelude to Crisis,” (March of Time), 272, 274
The Prisoner of Zenda (1937), 101
The Prizefighter and the Lady (1934), 26
Producers Distributing Corp., 357
Production Code, 322; and anti-Nazisim, 337–38, 345–46; and Catholicism, 41, 154; and Confessions of a Nazi Spy, 337–38; and HANL, 99; and I Was a Captive of Nazi Germany, 72–73; and Jews, 45; moral v. political censorship, 208–209; “National Feelings” in, 43; Nazism and, 337; and Shakespeare, 198. See also Breen office; censorship; Production Code Administration
Production Code Administration (PCA), 42, 68, 71, 137; foreign films, 174–75; and The Mad Dog of Europe, 57–58; and March of Time, 241; and newsreels, 84; and propaganda, 58. See also Breen office; Hays office; Production Code
Professor Mamlock (1938), 351; and censorship boards, 195–96; Code seal for, 194–95; and Kristallnacht, 193; and MPPDA, 194; and PCA policy, 194; photo, 191; plot, 189–92; reviews of, 193
pro-Nazi demonstrations, coverage of, 288
propaganda, 47, 128, 207–36, 361; and Crisis, 280; and German imports, 179–81, 184, 187, 189, 298; and HANL, 104–106, 111; and Hitler’s Reign of Terror, 64; and I Was a Captive of Nazi Germany, 72, 77; and The Mad Dog of Europe, 58; and March of Time, 247–48; and Nazis, 19–20, 25, 197, 245, 247–48, 356, 277, 285; and newsreels, 90–95, 270; and Olympia, 303, 308; and PCA, 137–38; and Professor Mamlock, 193; and Soviet imports, 196; and Soviets on Parade, 82; and Spanish Civil War, 140, 146, 155–57, 161, 161, 167, 171–73; and The Wandering Jew, 50, 51, 53; and Warner Bros., 328, 332, 334, 340–42, 344, 366
“Quarantine Hitler” (rally), 118–19
Queen Christina (1933), 146
quotas, German import, 25
Radio City Music Hall, audience, 244; and patriotic shorts, 320, 325
Radziwill, Catherine, 300
Rainer, Luise, photo, 141
Raspin Productions, Inc., 315
Redes (The Wave, 1936), 139
“The Refugee—Today and Tomorrow” (March of Time), 292
Reich Ministry of Popular Enlightenment and Propaganda, 19–20, 25, 26, 29, 92, 220, 235, 283, 295, 368
Reichsfilmkammer, 20; control of newsreels, 89, 92
Reichsverband Deutscher Theaterbesitzer, 21
Remarque, Erich Maria, 1, 217
Republic Steel, Memorial Day riot, 261–63
Ribbentrop, Joachim von, 351; photos, 273, 352
Riefenstahl, Leni, 13, 121, 178, 291, 293–310, 366, 372; background, 293–94; cartoon, 309; and Hitler, 295, 299–300, 301, 303, 304; and Goebbels, 294, 295, 296, 300; photos, 297, 305; Time cover, 299; visit to U.S., 302–10. See also Triumph of the Will; Olympia
The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich (1968), 370
The Rise of Catherine the Great (1934), 26
RKO, 31, 54, 59, 72, 237, 241, 243, 245, 272; in 1933 Germany, 35, 36, 38; and Nazis, 312, 314, 316
RKO-Pathé News, 79, 81, 289; and Anschluss, 269; and Dionne quints, 260; and Hauptmann trial, 260–61
Roach, Hal Jr., photo, 132
Roach, Harold Eugene (Hal), 121; acts, 122–24; background, 122; and Benito Mussolini, 124–28; and Vittorio Mussolini, 126–36; and “Our Gang,” 123–24; photos, 123, 128, 132
Roach, Margaret (daughter), 131; photo, 132
Roach, Margaret (wife), 130; photo, 132
The Roaring Twenties (1939), 339
Robinson, Bill “Bojangles,” 30; photo, 30
Rohm, Ernst, 66, 75; photo, 11
Romance of Louisiana (1937), 321
Roosevelt, Franklin Delano, 135–36; and court packing, 241; and Crisis, 279; and HANL, 110, 119; and Hollywood, 112; and newsreels, 88; and The Spanish Earth, 170
“Russian Lullaby” (song), 370
S.A. See storm troopers
Salinas lettuce strike, 113
S.A.-Mann Brand (1933), 179; photo, 180
Sands of Iwo Jima (1949), 369
San Francisco (1936), 318
San Vito, Roberto Caracciolo di, 213
Saving Private Ryan (1998), 371
Schuenzel, Annamarie, 203
Schulberg, Adeline Jaffe, 54, 117
“The Screen’s Interpretation of Controversial Subjects” (lecture), 118
SDP. See Sudeten Deutsch Party
Selznick, David O., 96, 112
Senate Civil Liberties Committee, 262
Sergeant York (1941), 358
Shanghai Express (1932), 144
She Done Him Wrong (1933), 56
The Shop Around the Corner (1940), 203
short subjects, Warner Bros. patriotic, 320–29
Shurlock, Geoffrey, 148; photo, 57
The Siege of the Alcazar, 142
Sieg im Westen (1940), 356
Sinclair, Upton, and Hollywood, 112n
Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937), 301, 314
Société Anonyme Cinematografie Italiano, 125, 150
Song of a Nation (1936), 321
The Song of Songs (1933), 27; photo, 28
Sons of the Legion (1938), 332
Sosnosky, Ulrich von, 66, 75
Soviet cinema: and anti-Nazi films, 186; censorship of, 187, 195–96. See also Amkino; Professor Mamlock
Soviets on Parade (1933), 82
Spanish Civil War, 116, 133, 137–73; and Breen office, 137–38; 143–44; and Catholics, 141–42; documentaries, 165–73, 367; and HANL, 140; legacy of, 173; media coverage of, 139; and MPAC, 140; and MPPDA, 143; and newsreels, 158–73; and Popular Front, 138, 141–42; and shorts, 162–65. See also Blockade; The Last Train from Madrid
Spitzenorganization der Filmwirtschaft, 37n
Sports on Ice (1936), 182, 315
Stalin, Joseph, and cinema, 186; photo, 352
stars, and political activism, 114–16; effects on box office, 115–16
State Department, and The Mad Dog of Europe, 59
Stewart, Donald Ogden, 96, 97; background, 100–101; and Dies Committee, 234, 235; and HANL, 101n6, 102–104, 106, 110, 118; and Hitler-Stalin Pact, 352, 360–61; and Juarez, 350; and V. Mussolini, 133n; photo, 101, and Spanish Civil War, 164
stink bombs, in theaters, 4, 7
storm troopers, 2, 32, 33
The Story of Louis Pasteur (1936), 313
Stuart, John McHugh, photo, 57
Studio Relations Committee, 41, 175
studios, Berlin offices of, 31–32; reactions to Nazi decrees, 38. See also specific studios
Sturmabteilung. See storm troopers
Sullavan, Margaret, 224; photo, 225
Sullivan, Ed, on V. Mussolini, 130, 131, 136; on Riefenstahl, 309
Supreme Board of Censors in Germany, and All Quiet on the Western Front, 8
Supreme Court, FDR packing plan, 241
Switzer, Carl, photo, 123
“Talent in Exile” (radio), 330–31
Tarzan the Ape Man (1932), 31
Taylor, Robert, 224; photo, 225
The Testament of Dr. Mabuse (1933), 178
Thalberg, Irving, 96, 209
Theatre Arts Committee, and Spanish
Theatre Guild, 211 They Won’t Forget (1937), 313, 338
This Nude World (1933), 62
Three Smart Sisters (1936), 200
To Hell and Back (1955), 370
Tone, Franchot, 224; photo, 225
Townsend, Francis E., 242
Traffic in Souls (1912), 5
Trans-Lux Theater, 78, 272, 287; and Anschluss, 269; audience, 82, 87; program, 81; and Sudentenland, 271
A Trip Through Germany (1935), 180
“The Troubles of a Producer” (lecture), 118
Twardowski, Hans von, 203
Twelve O’Clock High (1949), 369
The Twisted Cross (1956), 370
Ufa, 4, and German Expressionism, 14; and Hollywood, 14–17; and Jews, 18, 22–23; logo, 181, 182; style, 17, 294
Under Southern Stars (1937), 321
Universal Newsreel, 79, 79n, 81, 84, 86, 86n, 89, 120, 264, 269, 289, 368; and Anschluss, 269; and Hauptmann tr 260–61; and Panay, 264; and PCA, 84
Universal Pictures, 4, 5, 6, 8n, 16, 23, 200, 202, 203, 294, 316, 318, 363, and All Quiet on the Western Front, 1, 2, 364; in Germany, 32–34, 38; and The Road Back, 217–22, 224, 226
Vanderbilt Jr., Cornelius: background, 60; financing, 62; Hitler interview, 60–61; and MPPDA, 62; photos, 60, 64
van Loon, Hendrik Willem, 286
Variety (trade paper), 14, 23, 38, 133, 140, 141, 142, 165, 170, 176, 177, 178, 180, 183, 185, 204, 208, 318, 354; on Anschluss, 317; on anti-Nazi market, 346, 357; on Blockade, 157; on Dies Committee, 233, 236; on German refugees, 197, 199, 202, 203; on HANL, 119; on Hitler, 18, 23, 44, 91, 97, 288; on Hitler’s Reign of Terror, 65; on Idiot’s Delight, 214; on I Was a Captive of Nazi Germany, 75; on Jews, 24, 27, 29, 33–34, 36, 39, 43, 46, 51, 53, 179, 289; on Laemmle, 363; on Last Train from Madrid, 143, 144; on Lincoln in the White House, 324; on March of Time, 239–40, 253, 255, 266, 288, 292; on MGM, 315, 316; on Mussolini, 125, 126, 136; MPPDA, 43–44; on naziganda, 93; on newsreels, 78, 79n, 82, 84, 85, 88, 89, 93, 159, 259, 265, 270, 271, 272, 275, 289, 355, 356; on Nuremberg, 368–69; on Olympia, 301; on Riefenstahl, 307; on RKO, 314; on The Road Back, 221; on Sons of Liberty, 328; on Soviet films, 188; on Three Comrades, 226; on Triumph of the Will, 296, 298; on Warner Bros., 331, 343
Venice International Film Exposition, 301
Verlinsky, Vladimir I., 186
Victory at Sea (1952–53), 370
Victory of Faith (1933), 295
Voli Sulle Ambe (book), 126
Von Ryan’s Express (1965), 370
Waiting for Lefty (1935), 148
Walter Wanger’s Vogues of 1938 (1937), 147
Wangenheim, Gustav von, 187
Wanger, Walter, 208, 358; background, 146–47; and Breen office, 137–38, 148–49, 149n27; and HANL, 188, 119; photo, 147; and Spanish Civil War, 147–50. See also Blockade
Warner, Harry M.: as anti-Nazi, 312, 329–35, 362; and March of Time, 253–54; and patriotic shorts, 319, 320, 323, 328; photo, 333
Warner, Jack L., 36, 96, 112, 119, 141, 358; and American Legion, 332; as anti-Nazi, 312, 335; and Confessions of a Nazi Spy, 345; and patriotic shorts, 328, 329; photos, 23, 333
Warner Bros., 14, 23, 26, 68, 141, 195, 198, 199, 228, 340, 346, 356, 358, 362; and
American Legion, 331–34, 350; as anti-Nazi, 253, 311–12, 319, 329–31, 335–37; and communism, 332; and Germany, 32, 35–36, 38, 312, 313, 355; and HANL, 254, 313–14; and March of Time, 253, 254, 273; and Mussolini, 125; origins of, 312; patriotic short subjects, 319–29; style, 313. See also Confessions of a Nazi Spy; Juarez; KFWB
Warners Hollywood Theater, 320
The War of the Worlds (radio), 268
Washington Merry-Go-Round (1932), 146
The Way of All Flesh (1928), 204
Ways to Strength and Beauty (1925), 293
Welles, Orson, 168, 237; and War of the Worlds, 268
We the People (radio program), 279
Western Writers Congress, 105
Westley, George Hembert, 46
The White Hell of Pitz Palu (1929), 294
Whither Germany? (1932), 90, 286
Why We Fight (1942–1945), 340, 366
Wild Boys of the Road (1933), 313
Wilkerson, W. R. “Billy,” 124, 232, 311; and All Quiet on the Western Front, 9–10
The Will of the People (1939), 162, 164
Wingate, James, 175; photo, 57
Wings Over Ambe (book), 126
With the Lincoln Battalion in Spain (1938), 166
The World at War (1973–74), 371
World News Roundup (radio), 268
World War I. See Great War
World War II, and movies, 369–70; and TV, 370
Yip Yip Yiphank! (musical), 291
Yorkville Theatre, 179–80, 298, 356. See also 96th Street Theatre
Young Mr. Lincoln (1939), 324
Zukor, Adolph, 315; photo, 42
Zwei Menschen (1931), 178
