CONTENTS

Introduction

Chapter One

The Sick Man

Chapter Two

Making Italy and making Italians

Chapter Three

The Donkey and the Minaret

Chapter Four

Adriatic Veto

Chapter Five

The Italian’s Land

Chapter Six

The Battle of Tripoli

Chapter Seven

‘The Jaws of the Sahara’

Chapter Eight

The Italians Advance

Chapter Nine

Deadlock

Chapter Ten

‘Nations have no friends, they only have interests’

Chapter Eleven

Navalism

Chapter Twelve

The Southern Sporades, the Dardanelles, and the Limits of Navalism

Chapter Thirteen

The Iron Dice Roll

Chapter Fourteen

Peace?

Chapter Fifteen

Retrospect: The Italian Army and the Politicians 1911-1912

Appendix A

Ultimatum from Italy to Turkey regarding Tripoli. 28 September 1911

Appendix B

The Curious Case of Osman Mahdi

Appendix C

The Italian Campaign and the Principles of War

Chapter Notes

Sources and Bibliography