McGraw-Hill Education SAT* Subject Test Chemistry, Fifth Edition

Contents

PART I Introduction

All About the SAT Chemistry Test

The SAT Subject Tests

The SAT Chemistry Test

SAT Chemistry Question Types

Strategies for Top Scores

Study Strategies

Problem-Solving Strategies

Test-Taking Strategies

Tips for Test Day

PART II Diagnostic Test

Diagnostic Test

Answers and Explanations

PART III Chemistry Topic Review

CHAPTER 1 Matter and Energy

Chemical and Physical Properties

Types of Energy

Endothermic and Exothermic Reactions

Review Questions

Answers and Explanations

CHAPTER 2 Phases of Matter

Kinetic Molecular Theory

Standard Temperature and Pressure

Average Kinetic Energy of Gases

Combined Gas Law

Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures

Avogadro’s Law

Graham’s Law of Diffusion/Effusion and Density of Gases

Ideal Gas Law—Relating Pressure, Volume, Temperature, and Moles

Sublimation and Deposition

Review Questions

Answers and Explanations

CHAPTER 3 Atomic Structure

A Brief History of the Atom

Subatomic Particles

The Bohr Model of the Atom

Wave-Mechanical Model

Valence Electrons and Dot Diagrams

Effective Nuclear Charge—Z_eff

Quantum Numbers

Ions and the Octet Rule

Exceptions to the Octet Rule

Isoelectronic Series

Review Questions

Answers and Explanations

CHAPTER 4 The Periodic Table and Periodic Trends

History of the Periodic Table

Arrangement of the Periodic Table

Metals, Nonmetals, and Semimetals

Electronegativity

Ionization Energy

The s, p, d, and f Blocks

Review Questions

Answers and Explanations

CHAPTER 5 Bonding

Intramolecular Bond versus Intermolecular Bonds

Covalent Bonding

Sigma and Pi Bonds

Network, Coordinate Covalent, and Metallic Bonds

Dipole Forces and Polarities of Molecules

Resonance Structures

Hydrogen Bonding

Van der Waals (London Dispersion) Forces

Molecule-Ion Attraction

Naming Compounds

Determining Chemical Formulas

Review Questions

Answers and Explanations

CHAPTER 6 Stoichiometry and Solution Chemistry

Chemical Formulas

Balancing Chemical Equations

Moles, Mass, Volumes, and Molecules

Limiting and Excess Reagents

Percent Composition

Empirical Formulas from Percent Composition

Concentration and Dilutions

Colligative Properties

Solubility of Compounds

Net Ionic Equations

Review Questions

Answers and Explanations

CHAPTER 7 Energy and Chemical Reactions

Potential Energy Diagrams Revisited

Heat and Changes in Phase

Bond Dissociation Energy

Entropy, Gibbs Free Energy, and Spontaneous Reactions

Review Questions

Answers and Explanations

CHAPTER 8 Reaction Rates and Chemical Equilibrium

Reverse Reactions and Potential Energy Diagrams

Le Châtelier’s Principle

Equilibrium Constants and Mass Action Equations

Solubility Product Constants

Common Ion Effect

Reactions That Go to Completion

Review Questions

Answers and Explanations

CHAPTER 9 Acids and Bases

Naming Acids and Bases

Operational Definitions of Acids and Bases

Conceptual Definition of Acids and Bases

Arrhenius Acids and Bases

Brønsted-Lowry Acids and Bases and Conjugate Pairs

Lewis Acids and Bases

Titration and Neutralization

K_a and the Strength of Acids

pH and the pH Scale

Review Questions

Answers and Explanations

CHAPTER 10 Redox and Electrochemistry

Oxidation Numbers

Writing Half Reactions

Strength of Oxidizing and Reducing Agents

Balancing Half Reactions

The Voltaic Cell

E° Values and Spontaneous Reactions

The Electrolytic Cell

Review Questions

Answers and Explanations

CHAPTER 11 Organic Chemistry

Naming Organic Compounds

Naming Hydrocarbons and Their Isomers

Cyclic Hydrocarbons

Alcohols and Ethers

Carbonyl-Containing Compounds

Compounds Containing Nitrogen

Organic Reactions with Halogens

Review Questions

Answers and Explanations

CHAPTER 12 Nuclear Chemistry

Radioactive Isotopes

Radioactive Emanations

Separating Nuclear Emanations

Nuclear Fusion and Fission

Half-Life (t_1/2)

Dangers and Benefits of Using Radioisotopes

Review Questions

Answers and Explanations

CHAPTER 13 Laboratory Skills

Laboratory Safety

Collecting Gases

Dehydration of a Salt

Methods for Separation

The Metric System

Dimensional Analysis

Accuracy versus Precision

Significant Figures

Review Questions

Answers and Explanations

PART IV Full-Length Practice Tests

Practice Test 1

Answers and Explanations

Practice Test 2

Answers and Explanations

Practice Test 3

Answers and Explanations

Practice Test 4

Answers and Explanations

APPENDIX 1 Mathematical Skills Review

Converting Units

Scientific Notation and Exponents

Significant Figures

APPENDIX 2 Equations and Symbols

APPENDIX 3 Periodic Table of the Elements

APPENDIX 4 Reference Tables

APPENDIX 5 Glossary