INDEX

1. a-text (absent text), 1, 2
2. Abercrombie, John, 1
3. absence, 1
4. absent text, see a-text
5. abstracta/abstraction, 1
   1. language and, 1
   2. levels of, 1
6. abstraction, 1
7. acatalexis, 1, 2
8. accent, intonational, 1;
   1. see also stress
9. accumulatio, 1
10. acephalisis, 1
11. actors, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
12. aesthetic sublimity, 1, 2
13. aesthetics of music, 1
14. aetemes, 1, 2, 3
15. affricates, 1
16. Agamben, Giorgio, 1
17. Alexander, Michael, 1
18. algorithms for text, 1, 2, 3, 4
19. allegory, 1, 2, 3
20. alliteration, 1
21. allophones, 1, 2
22. allusion, 1, 2;
    1. see also intertextuality
23. alternate stress (AS) and alternate
    1. stress rule (ASR), 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
    2. iambic pentameter and, 1, 2
    3. ternary patterning and, 1, 2
    4. see also 4-strong/4 × 4 and pulse
24. alternate stress matrix, 1
25. alveolar tap, 1
26. Amadeus, 1
27. ambiguity, 1, 2, 3, 4;
    1. see also conceptual domains
28. Amis, Martin, 1
29. amphibrach, 1
30. amphimacer, 1
31. amplification, 1
32. anabasis, 1
33. anacoluthon, 1
34. anacrusis, 1, 2
35. anadiplosis, 1
36. anagrams, 1, 2
37. anapaest, 1
38. anaphora, 1
39. anapodoton, 1, 2
40. anastrophe, 1
41. Anglo-Saxon verse, 1, 2, 3
42. Anglo-Saxon/Norse word origins, 1
43. animals, non-human, 1
44. animus (component of symbol), 1;
    1. see also symbol(s)
45. anonymity, 1, 2, 3
46. antanaclasis, 1
47. anthimeria, 1
48. anthropocentrism, 1, 2
49. antibacchius, 1
50. antiptosis, 1, 2
51. antisthecon, 1
52. antithesis, 1
53. aphaeresis, 1
55. Aphex Twin, 1
56. apocope, 1
57. apophasis, 1
58. aporia, 1
59. aposiopesis, 1, 2
60. arbitrariness, 1
61. Aristotle, 1
62. Arnold, Matthew, ‘Dover Beach’, 1
63. AS, see alternate stress
64. asemes, 1, 2, 3, 4
65. asemia, 1
66. Ashbery, John, 1, 2
67. ASR, see alternate stress association, see connotation
68. assonance, 1, 2
69. asterismos, 1
70. asymbol, 1, 2, 3, 4
71. asyndeton, 1
72. Atkinson, R. C., 1
73. atonality, 1, 2
74. attributes, 1;
    1. see also connotation
75. Attridge, Derek, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
76. Auden, W. H.
    1. ‘As I Walked Out One Evening’, 1
    2. ‘Epitaph on a Tyrant’, 1, 2
    3. ‘The Fall of Rome’, 1
    4. ‘Night Mail’, 1
77. audience, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
78. auditory present, 1, 2
79. Austin, J. L., 1, 2
80. authority, language and, 1
81. auto-antonyms, 1
82. automation, 1, 2, 3
83. auxesis, 1, 2
84. avant-garde, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
85. awareness, 1;
    1. see also consciousness

1. Babelfish, 1
2. babies, see infancy
3. bacchius, 1
4. Bach, Johann Sebastian, 1, 2, 3, 4
5. Baddeley, A. D., 1
6. Baker, Jennifer, 1, 2
7. Baker, Nicholson, 1
8. ballad metre, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
   1. iambic pentameter and, 1
   2. see also 4-strong/4 × 4
9. Barbour, Julian, 1
10. Barnes, Barnabe, 1
11. Basho, 1
12. Beardley, Monroe C., 1
13. beats, 1, 2;
    1. see also alternate stress and feet
14. beauty
    1. language and, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
    2. in music, 1
15. being, 1, 2, 3
16. beliefs, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
17. Berg, Alban, 1
18. Berkeley, George, 1
19. biomusicology, 1
20. Bishop, Elizabeth, 1, 2, 3
    1. ‘The Fish’, 1
    2. ‘Large Bad Picture’, 1
    3. ‘Sestina’, 1
21. bisociation, 1
22. Blake, William
    1. ‘The Divine Image’, 1
    2. ‘The Sick Rose’, 1
23. Blanco, Matte, see Matte Blanco, Ignacio
24. blank verse, 1;
    1. see also iambic pentameter
25. blues, see music
26. Bogan, Louise, ‘Sonnet’, 1
28. Borges, Jorge Luis, 1, 2, 3
29. Boroditsky, Lera, 1
30. ‘bound’ words, 1
31. brackets, see parenthesis
32. brain, 1, 2
    1. areas of, functions, 1, 2, 3, 4
    2. changing, 1
    3. and music, 1
    4. and tropes, 1
    5. see also consciousness, mind and perception
33. ‘breaking the fourth wall’, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
34. Bredin, Hugh, 1
35. Breton, André, 1
36. brevity, 1, 2
37. Bridges, Robert, 1, 2, 3
38. Brodsky, Joseph, 1
39. Brogan, T. F., 1, 2, 3
40. Brooks, Cleanth, 1
41. Brown, George Mackay, 1, 2
    1. ‘Hamnavoe Market’, 1, 2
    2. ‘Roads’, 1
42. Brownian (brown) noise, 1, 2, 3
43. Browning, Elizabeth Barrett, 1
    1. ‘A Musical Instrument’, 1
    2. Sonnets from the Portuguese, 1, 2, 3, 4
44. Browning, Robert, ‘The Pied Piper of Hamelin’, 1
45. Buccino, Giovanni, 1
46. Bühler, Karl, 1
47. Burke, Kenneth, 1
48. Burmeister, Joachim, 1
49. Burns, Robert, 1, 2, 3
    1. ‘To a Mouse’, 1
    2. ‘Westlin’ Winds’, 1
50. Burnside, John, 1
    1. ‘Aphasia in Childhood’, 1
    2. ‘Being and Time’, 1
51. Burton, Gideon O., 1
52. Busoni, Ferruccio, Berceuse Élégiaque, 1
53. Butler, Judith, 1, 2

1. cadence, 1
2. caesura, 1, 2
3. capitalisation, 1
4. Carson, Anne, 1
5. Carson, Ciaran, Until Before After, 1
6. catachresis, 1
7. catalexis, 1, 2
8. categories, ontological, 1
9. Causley, Charles, ‘Innocent’s Song’, 1
10. Chandler, Raymond, 1
11. change, 1, 2
12. Chernigovskaya, Tatyana, 1
13. chiasmus, 1
14. childhood, early, see infancy
15. Chomsky, Noam, 1, 2
16. chronoception, see time
17. Clare, John, ‘Summer’, 1
18. Classicism, 1
19. clichés, 1
    1. reframing, 1
    2. see also phrasemes
20. clinchers, 1
21. Clinton, Bill, 1
22. ‘closed’/‘open’ texts, 1
23. ‘closed’/‘open’ words, 1
24. closure, 1
25. Clough, Arthur Hugh, 1, 2
    1. ‘Amour d’voyage’, 1
26. cognitive science, 1, 2, 3
27. Cohen, Jean, 1
28. Coleridge, Samuel Taylor, ‘Frost at Midnight’, 1
29. Collins, Billy
    1. ‘Paradelle for Susan’, 1
    3. ‘Questions about Angels’, 1
    4. ‘Workshop’, 1
30. collocation, 1, 2
31. rhyming, 1;
    1. see also phrasemes
32. combination
    1. and equivalence, 1, 2
    2. and selection, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
33. comic verse forms, 1, 2
34. common metre, see ballad metre
35. competence, 1
36. comprehension, see perception and understanding
37. computers, 1, 2, 3, 4;
    1. see also algorithms
38. conceptual blending theory, 1
39. conceptual domains, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
40. categories of properties, 1
    1. ideas of things as, 1
    2. isomorphism, 1
    3. mappings, 1
    4. metonymy and, 1, 2
    5. poems as, 1, 2
    6. shifting, 1
    7. styles as, 1, 2
    8. symbols and, 1
    9. word-play and, 1
    10. see also abstracta and deixis
41. conceptual semantics, 1, 2
42. conceptualism, 1
43. concreta/‘the concrete’, 1, 2;
    1. see also things
44. conduplicatio, 1
45. confirmation bias, 1
46. connection, 1, 2
47. connotation, 1, 2, 3, 4
    1. metonymy and, 1
    2. overtones/undertones and, 1, 2
    3. stress and, 1
    4. things and, 1
48. consciousness, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
    1. speech and, 1
    2. see also perception
49. consonance, 1, 2, 3
50. consonants, 1, 2
    1. categorisation, 1
    2. function in speech, 1, 2, 3
    3. glottal, 1
    4. patterning with, 1, 2
    5. vowels and, 1
51. constituencies, see audience
52. content words, 1, 2
    1. demotion, 1, 2
    2. elongating, 1
53. context, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6;
    1. see also conceptual domains
54. contour grids, 1, 2, 3
55. contrivance, perception of, 1
56. convergence, 1
57. conversation, see speech
58. Coolidge, Clark, 1
59. co-ordinate terms, 1, 2
60. counterexamples, 1
61. counterpattern, see under pattern
62. Crawford, Robert, ‘Opera’, 1
63. critical theory, 1
64. cryptosemia, 1, 2
65. Crystal, David, 1
66. Culler, Jonathan, 1
67. cultural metaphors and cultural symbols, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
68. Cureton, Richard, 1, 2, 3
69. curtal tetrastrophe, 1

1. dactyl, 1
2. Damasio, Antonio, 1
3. dance, 1, 2, 3
5. Danielewski, Mark Z., The House of Leaves, 1, 2
6. Dante Alighieri, 1
7. Davidson, Donald, 1
8. Davis, Miles, 1
9. Davtian, Stepan, 1
10. death, 1, 2, 3, 4
11. ‘death of poetry’, 1
12. definitions, 1, 2, 3
    1. disagreements over, 1
    2. use–mention distinction, 1
13. deixis, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6;
    1. see also conceptual domains
14. democratisation, 1
15. Dennett, Daniel, 1
16. denotation, 1, 2
    1. music and, 1, 2
    2. see also meaning
17. depth, optional, 1, 2, 3
18. description, 1
    1. thought and, 1
    2. see also peristasis
19. detail, 1;
    1. see also peristasis
20. Deutsch, Diana, 1
21. diacope, 1
22. dialects and accents, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
23. dibrach, 1
24. Dickinson, Emily, 1, 2, 3
    1. ‘I started Early – Took my Dog –’, 1, 2
    2. ‘The Brain – is wider than the Sky –’, 1
    3. ‘The daisy follows soft the sun …’, 1
25. diction, ‘poetic’, see ‘poetic diction’
26. dictionaries, 1, 2, 3, 4
    1. of phonesthemes, 1
    2. of rhymes, 1
27. dimetron, 1
28. discontinuity, 1
29. displaced weak rule, 1, 2
30. distich, 1
31. distrophe, 1
32. disyllabic segmentation, 1
33. Dolnik, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
34. domain theory, 1
35. domains, conceptual/thematic, see conceptual domains
36. Donaghy, Michael, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
    1. ‘Black Ice and Rain’, 1
    2. ‘The Classics’, 1
    3. ‘From the Safe House’, 1
    4. ‘Haunts’, 1
    5. ‘Hazards’, 1
    6. ’More Machines’, 1
    7. ‘Our Life Stories’, 1, 2
    8. ‘Pentecost’, 1
    9. ‘Shibboleth’, 1
    10. ‘Smith’, 1
    11. ‘Upon a Claude Glass’, 1
37. Donne, John, 1
    1. Holy Sonnets, 1
38. Duffy, Carol Ann, ‘Fuckinelle’, 1
39. Dundee speech, 1, 2, 3
40. Dunn, Douglas, 1, 2, 3
    1. ‘Anniversaries’, 1
    2. ‘Re-reading Katherine Mansfield’s Bliss and Other Stories’, 1
    3. ‘The Sundial’, 1
41. Dyer, Catherine, ‘Sonnet’, 1
42. ‘dying fall’, 1
43. dysemia, 1
44. dysphemism, 1, 2

1. editing and editors, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
2. Educating Rita, 1
3. eggs, 1
4. Einstein, Albert, 1
6. ekphrasis and ekphrastic poetry, 1
7. elegising, 1, 2, 3
8. Eliot, T. S., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
   1. Four Quartets, 1, 2
      1. ‘The Dry Salvages’, 1, 2
      2. ‘Little Gidding’, 1
9. elision, 1, 2, 3, 4
10. Elizabethan poets, 1, 2, 3
11. ellipsis, 1
12. embodiedness, thought and, 1, 2
13. emotion(s)
    1. as abstracta/concreta, 1
    2. and meaning, 1
    3. music and, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
    4. poetry and, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
    5. see also pathemes
14. emphasis see italics and stress
15. enallage, 1
16. end-stopping, 1, 2
17. endings, 1;
    1. see also teleutons
18. endnotes, 1
19. enigma, 1, 2
    1. symbol and, 1
20. enjambment, 1, 2, 3, 4
    1. ghost metron and, 1, 2
21. entailment, 1
22. entertainment, 1
23. enthymeme, 1, 2, 3
24. entropy, 1
25. enumeratio, 1, 2
26. environment, see nature
27. epanados, 1
28. epanalepsis, 1
29. epenthesis, 1
30. epic, 1
31. epistrophe, 1
32. epithet, transferred, 1
33. epizeuxis, 1
34. equivalence, 1, 2, 3
35. erotesis, 1
36. Errington, Patrick, 1
37. error, automation and, 1
38. ethics, 1
39. etymological play, 1
40. etymology, 1, 2, 3, 4
    1. content words and function words, 1
41. euphemism, 1, 2
42. eusemia, 1
43. Evans, Bill, 1
44. Everett, Daniel, 1
45. evolution, 1, 2
    1. of emotions, 1
    2. perception and, 1
46. exceptions, 1
47. exemplum, 1
48. exercises, 1, 2, 3
49. existential crisis, 1
50. existential trope, 1, 2
51. experimentalism, 1, 2, 3, 4
52. expression, 1

1. Fabb, Nigel, 1
2. fake texts, 1, 2
3. Farley, Paul, ‘Relic’, 1, 2
4. Fauconnier, Gilles, 1, 2
5. feel, 1
6. feeling(s), see emotion(s)
7. feet, 1, 2, 3
   1. and 4 × 4, 1
   2. metrons and, 1
   3. quantitative, 1, 2, 3
   4. types, 1
8. Fellbaum, Christine, Princeton WordNet, 1, 2
9. feminine/masculine endings, 1
11. Fenton, James, 1
12. Fibonacci numbers/ratios, 1, 2, 3, 4
13. figures of speech, see rhetoric, terms from
14. Firth, J. R., 1
15. ‘fives’, 1, 2, 3
16. ‘flat earth’ perspective, 1
17. flow, 1
18. focus, 1
    1. peristatic, 1
19. foreknowledge, 1
20. form, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
    1. as category, 1
    2. degrees of, 1
    3. internalising, 1
    4. in nature, 1, 2
    5. purpose, 1, 2
    6. silence and, 1
    7. see also pattern
21. formemes, 1, 2, 3
22. Forms, Platonic, 1
23. Forrest Thompson, Veronica, 1
24. found poems, 1, 2
25. 4-strong/4 × 4, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
    1. iambic pentameter and, 1, 2, 3
    2. as template for different metres, 1, 2
26. Fourier analysis, 1, 2
27. ‘fourth wall’, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
28. fractal statistic, 1
29. frames, see templates
30. free association, 1
31. free verse, 1, 2, 3, 4
    1. ‘ban’ on poetic diction and, 1
    2. caesura and, 1
    3. isochrony and, 1, 2
    4. line breaks, 1, 2
    5. and rhythm, 1
    6. scansion, 1
    7. stress count and, 1
    8. and ‘three-second line’, 1
32. ‘freedom’, 1, 2
33. Frege, Gottlob, 1, 2
34. frequency, see pitch and rhythm
35. fricatives, 1
36. Frost, Robert, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
    1. ‘After Apple Picking’, 1
    2. ‘Birches’, 1, 2
    3. ‘Design’, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
    4. ‘Fireflies in the Garden’, 1, 2
    5. ‘The Road Not Taken’, 1
    6. ‘The Silken Tent’, 1, 2
    7. ‘Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening’, 1
    8. ‘West-Running Brook’, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
37. function, 1
38. function words, 1, 2
39. promotion, 1, 2
40. Furbank, P. N., 1
41. Fussell, Paul, 1
42. future, 1

1. games, 1, 2, 3, 4
2. Gasparayan, Djivan, 1
3. Gaughan, Dick, 1
4. generative metrics, 1, 2, 3, 4
5. genius, 1
6. Gershon, Karen, ‘Race’, 1
7. ghost metrons, 1, 2, 3, 4
   1. iambic pentameter and, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
8. Gilbert, W. S., 1
9. Giora, Rachel, 1
10. glides, 1
12. glottal stop, 1
13. god(s), 1, 2, 3;
    1. see also religion
14. golden section, 1
15. gradatio, 1
16. Graham, W. S., ‘Loch Thom’, 1
17. grammar, rhyme and, 1
18. ‘Grataks’, 1, 2
19. green noise, 1
20. grids, contour, 1, 2, 3
21. Grimm’s law, 1
22. ground, 1, 2, 3;
    1. see also tenor and vehicle

1. Habbie, 1
2. Hacker, Marilyn, ‘You did say …’, 1
3. haiku, 1
4. half-rhyme, see pararhyme
5. Hall, Donald, 1
6. Hardy, Thomas, 1, 2
7. harmonics, 1, 2, 3
   1. connotation and, 1
8. harmony, see under music
9. Harrison, Tony, ‘Book Ends’, 1
10. Hartmann, Charles O., 1, 2
11. Hawkins, Coleman, 1
12. Heaney, Seamus, 1, 2, 3, 4
    1. ‘Anahorish’, 1
    2. ‘The Harvest Bow’, 1
    3. ‘Lightenings: viii’, 1
    4. ‘Making Strange’, 1
    5. ‘Mossbawn: Two Poems in Dedication: I. Sunlight’, 1
    6. ‘St Kevin and the Blackbird’, 1
    7. ‘The Skylight’, 1, 2
    8. ‘Sloe Gin’, 1
    9. ‘Station Island’, 1
    10. ‘The Swing’, 1
    11. ‘The Underground’, 1, 2
13. hearing, see auditory present and perception
14. Hebrew alphabet, 1, 2
15. Hejinian, Lyn, 1, 2, 3
16. hendiadys, 1, 2
17. Henthorn, Trevor, 1
18. Herbert, George, 1
19. Hesiod, 1
20. hexameter, 1, 2, 3
21. hiatus, 1
22. Hill, Geoffrey, 1, 2, 3, 4
    1. The Mystery of the Charity of Charles Péguy, 1
23. Hill, Selima, ‘A Small Hotel’, 1
24. Hitch, G., 1
25. hoaxes, 1
26. Hofstader, Douglas, 1
27. Hollander, John, 1, 2
28. holonyms, 1
29. ‘holy books’, 1
30. homophones, 1, 2
31. Hopkins, Gerard Manley, 1, 2, 3
    1. ‘God’s Glory’, 1
    2. ‘The Windhover’, 1
32. Housman, A. E., A Shropshire Lad, 1
33. Hughes, Ted, 1
34. humanity
    1. computers and, 1, 2
    2. dominance, 1
    3. experience and reality, 1
    4. and randomisation, 1
    5. and reality, 1
    6. uniqueness of consciousness, 1
35. humour, 1, 2, 3, 4
36. hypallage, 1, 2
37. hyperbaton, 1, 2, 3
38. hyperbole, 1
39. hypercatalexis, 1
40. hypernyms, 1, 2
41. hypersemia, 1;
    1. see also overinterpretation
42. hyperstasis, 1, 2
43. hyponyms, 1
44. hyposemia, 1
46. hypostasis, 1
47. hypotaxis, 1
48. hysteron proteron, 1

1. iamb, 1
   1. ‘iambic’ used to mean ‘duple’, 1
   2. rhythm, 1
2. iambic pentameter (i.p.), 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
   1. and 2 × 4 pattern, 1
   2. and ballad metre, 1
   3. ghost metron and, 1
   4. loose, 1, 2
   5. lyric, 1, 2
   6. symmetry/asymmetry in, 1
   7. and ‘three-second line’, 1
   8. ways of hearing/perceiving, 1, 2
   9. see also 10-position line
3. iconicity, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
   1. music and, 1
   2. proper names and, 1
   3. see also meaning, sound and
4. ictus, 1;
   1. see also stress
5. illusion, speech-to-song, 1
6. images, 1;
   1. see also peristasis
7. imagination, limits, 1
8. Imlah, Mick, ‘Birthmark’, 1
9. Improbability Translator, 1
10. inclusio, 1
11. indexicality, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
    1. proper names and, 1
    2. see also metonymy
12. Indian classical music, 1, 2
13. infancy and early childhood, 1, 2
    1. communication, 1
    2. perception, 1, 2
    3. and speech/language, 1, 2
14. intentional stance, 1
15. interpretative scansion, see scansion
16. intertextuality, 1, 2
17. intonation, see pitch
18. intonational accent, 1
19. introjection, 1, 2
20. intuition, 1
21. inversion, 1
22. invisibility, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
23. i.p., see iambic pentameter
24. irony, 1, 2, 3
25. isochrony, 1, 2, 3;
    1. see also alternate stress
26. isocolon, 1
27. isologue, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
28. isomorphism, 1
29. italics, 1, 2

1. Jaccottet, Philippe, 1
2. Jackendoff, Ray, 1, 2, 3
3. Jacob, Max, ‘Hell is Graduated’, 1
4. Jakobson, Roman, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
   1. ‘axes’, 1
   2. formula for poetic function, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
5. James, William, 1
6. Jamie, Kathleen
   1. ‘The Graduates’, 1
   2. ‘The Tree House’, 1
7. jargon, 1, 2, 3
8. Jarrett, Keith, 1
9. jazz, see music
10. Jeffers, Robinson, ‘Hurt Hawks’, 1
11. Jefferson, Eddie, 1
12. Jesperson, Otto, 1
13. Johnson, Georgia Douglas, ‘The Heart of a Woman’, 1
14. Johnson, Mark, 1, 2;
    1. see also Lakoff, George
15. jokes, 1, 2
    1. as endings, 1
16. Jones, Glyn, The Blue Bed, 1
17. judging, 1, 2;
    1. see also editing
18. Jung, Carl, 1, 2
19. Justice, Donald
    1. ‘Men at Forty’, 1
    2. ‘Poem’, 1

1. Kabbalistic exegesis, 1, 2, 3, 4
2. Kavanagh, Patrick, ‘Epic’, 1
3. Keats, John
   1. ‘La Belle Dame Sans Merci’, 1, 2
   2. ‘On First Looking into Chapman’s Homer’, 1
4. Kenner, Hugh, 1
5. key (intonational pitch in poetry), 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
6. ‘key terms’, 1
7. Kiparsky, Paul, 1, 2
8. Koestler, Arthur, 1
9. Kövecses, Zoltán, 1
10. Kripke, Saul, 1
11. Kristeva, Julia, 1, 2, 3

1. Laforgue, Jules, 1
2. Lakoff, George, 1, 2, 3, 4
3. ‘Lamonians’, 1, 2
4. Langacker, Ronald, 1
5. Langer, Susanne K., 1
6. language, 1, 2, 3, 4
   1. change and, 1
   2. concepts and, 1
   3. consciousness and, 1, 2
   4. content words and function words, 1, 2
   5. development, 1
   6. functions, 1, 2
   7. invention and renewal in, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
   8. music and, 1, 2, 3
   9. origins, 1, 2
   10. poetry and, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
   11. reality and, 1;
   12. see also meaning
   13. thought and, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
   14. written, 1
   15. see also speech
7. L=A=N=G=U=A=G=E poets, 1, 2
8. languages
   1. artificial, 1
   2. differences, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
   3. concerning rhyme, 1, 2
   4. and thought, 1
   5. learning, 1, 2
   6. private, 1
9. Lanham, Richard A., 1
10. Lapidis, Rachael, 1
11. Larkin, Philip, 1
    1. ‘Aubade’, 1
    2. ‘Home Is So Sad’, 1
    3. ‘Mr Bleaney’, 1, 2
12. Latinate words in English, 1
13. Lautréamont, Comte de, 1
14. Lawrence, D. H., 48, ‘The Ship of Death’, 1
15. Lear, Edward, 1, 2
16. left/right brain, 1, 2
17. Levy, Ernst, 1
18. lexemes, dividing on line breaks, 1
19. lexicalisation of phrases, see phrasemes
20. Liberman, Mark, 1, 2
21. libretti, 1
23. lies, 1, 2
24. life, metaphors of, 1
25. ‘light 4 × 4’, 1, 2, 3
26. limericks, 1, 2
27. line breaks, 1, 2
    1. deceptive, 1, 2, 3
    2. degrees of disruptiveness, 1
28. lineation, effect on sound, 1, 2
29. lines, 1
    1. beginnings, 1
    2. first, 1
    3. length, 1, 2, 3, 4
    4. caesura and, 1
    5. memory and, 1
    6. only two kinds, 1
    7. phrasemes and, 1
    8. time and, 1
    9. see also line breaks
30. linguistics, 1, 2
31. links, see tropes
32. liquids (consonant type), 1
33. literacy, 1
    1. effect on poetry, 1
34. literal mode/literality, 1, 2;
    1. see also under poetry
35. litotes, 1, 2
36. Locke, John, 1
    1. An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, 1
37. logos and pneuma, 1
38. Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth, 1
    1. ‘Evangeline’, 1
    2. ‘The Song of Hiawatha’, 1, 2
39. Longley, Michael
    1. ‘Brothers’, 1
    2. ‘Laertes’, 1
    3. ‘Self-Heal’, 1
40. loudness, 1
41. Lowell, Robert, 1, 2
    1. Man and Wife’, 1
42. lyric
    1. definition, 1
    2. popularity, 1
43. lyric ground, 1, 2
44. lyric ideal, 1, 2
45. lyric principle, 1, 2
46. lyric tradition, 1

1. MacDiarmid, Hugh, ‘Perfect’, 1
2. McGilchrist, Iain, 1
3. Machado, Antonio, 1, 2
4. MacLean, Sorley, 1
5. MacNeice, Louis, 1, 2, 3
   1. ‘Corner Seat’, 1
   2. ‘Figure of Eight’, 1
   3. ‘Soap Suds’, 1
   4. ‘Les Sylphides’, 1
6. magic, 1, 2
7. Magnus, Margaret, 1
8. Mahon, Derek
   1. ‘Beyond Howth Head’, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
   2. ‘Lives’, 1
   3. ‘The Mute Phenomena (after Gérard de Nerval)’, 1
9. Mallarmé, Stéphene, 1
10. man as ham sandwich, 1, 2
11. market(s) for poetry, see audience
12. Markov chains, 1, 2
13. ‘Martian poetry’, 1, 2, 3, 4
14. Marvell, Andrew
    1. ‘The Garden’, 1
    2. ‘An Horatian Ode Upon Cromwell’s Return from Ireland’, 1
    3. ‘On a Drop of Dew’, 1, 2
15. masculine/feminine endings, 1
16. materialism, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
17. matrix, alternate stress, 1
18. Matte Blanco, Ignacio, 1, 2, 3
20. Maxwell, Glen
    1. The Sugar Mile, 1
21. meaning, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
    1. alternate stress and, 1
    2. beliefs and, 1, 2
    3. creating, 1
    4. definitions and, 1
    5. denotative/connotative, 1
    6. dimensionality, 1
    7. emotions and, 1, 2
    8. intrinsicality and, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
    9. metonymy and, 1
    10. multiplying, 1
    11. music and, 1, 2, 3
    12. pathemes and, 1
    13. perception and, 1
    14. phonesthemes and, 1
    15. physicality and, 1
    16. poetry and, 1, 2, 3
    17. rhyme and, 1, 2
    18. shades of, 1
    19. sound and, 1, 2, 3
    20. symbol and, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
    21. trope and, 1
22. measures
    1. terms in scansion, 1
    2. see also feet; see also bars under music
23. meiosis, 1, 2
24. memorability, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
25. memorialising, 1, 2, 3
26. memorisation, 1
    1. consolidation, 1
27. memory, 1, 2, 3
    1. instant, 1
    2. line length and, 1
    3. poetry and, 1
28. mental spaces, 1;
    1. see also conceptual domains
29. meronyms, 1
30. Merwin, W. S., 1
31. metabasis, 1, 2
32. metalepsis, 1, 2, 3, 4
33. metanoia, 1
34. metaphor(s), 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
    1. brain and, 1
    2. cultural, 1, 2, 3, 4
    3. dead, 1, 2
    4. resuscitation of, 1
    5. deep conceptual, 1
    6. in everyday life, 1
    7. intertextuality and, 1
    8. language and, 1
    9. and meaning, 1
    10. modes, 1
    11. nature and, 1
    12. new, need for clarity, 1, 2
    13. physical reaction to, 1
    14. sonic, 1
    15. symbol and, 1
    16. and thought, 1;
    17. see also meaning
    18. visual imagery and, 1;
    19. see also abstracta and symbol(s)
35. metaplasmus, 1
36. metastasis, 1
37. metonyms, dead, 1, 2
38. metonymy, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
    1. allusion and, 1
    2. antiptosis and, 1
    3. brain and, 1
    4. naming and, 1
    5. peristasis and, 1, 2, 3
    6. symbol and, 1, 2, 3, 4
    8. types, 1
    9. see also abstracta and synechdoche
39. metre, 1, 2, 3
    1. accentual, 1, 2, 3
    2. caesura and, 1
    3. complex, breaking down, 1
    4. concreteness/abstraction and, 1
    5. duple, use of ‘iambic’ to mean, 1
    6. flexibility, 1
    7. foot, 1
    8. and lexical stress, 1
    9. light, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
    10. loose, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
    11. musical, iambic pentameter and, 1, 2;
        1. see also ghost metrons
    12. need to establish, 1
    13. notation for, see notation
    14. overdetermination, 1, 2
    15. precedent and, 1
    16. projection and, 1
    17. quantitative, 1, 2, 3, 4
    18. relative regularity, 1
    19. speed and, 1
    20. and stress, 1, 2
    21. templates and, 1
    22. terms in, 1
    23. tight, 1, 2, 3
    24. triple, 1
    25. two-step, 1, 2
    26. variation, 1, 2, 3
    27. see also scansion and stress
40. metrocentrism, 1
41. metron, 1
    1. foot and, 1
42. Meyer, Kuno, 1
43. Mill, John Stuart, 1
44. Millay, Edna St Vincent ‘First Fig’, 1, 2
    1. ‘Humoresque’, 1
    2. ‘Spring’, 1
45. Miller, George A., 1
    1. Princeton WordNet, 1, 2
46. mind, 1, 2, 3;
    1. see also brain and consciousness
47. misreading/misunderstanding, see understanding/misunderstanding under poetry
48. Mitchell, Roger, ‘The White Cup’, 1
49. modernism, 1, 2
50. molossus, 1
51. ‘moment’, see under time
52. mondegreens, 1
53. Moore, Marianne, ‘Virginia Britannia’, 1
54. mora, 1, 2
55. morality, 1
56. Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus, 1
57. Muldoon, Paul, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
    1. ‘Cuba’, 1
    2. ‘Immram’, 1
    3. ‘Incantata’, 1
    4. ‘Ireland’, 1
    5. ‘Mink’, 1
    6. ‘Mules’, 1, 2, 3, 4
    7. ‘Something Else’, 1
    8. ‘Trance’, 1
58. muses, 1
59. music, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
    1. abstract/concrete nature, 1
    2. aesthetics of, 1
    3. alternate stress and, 1
    4. anacruses, 1
    5. bars/measures, metric feet and, 1
    6. computers and, 1, 2
    7. cultural difference, 1, 2
    8. free/improvised, 1, 2, 3
    9. harmonic systems, 1, 2, 3, 4
    11. harmony, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
    12. iambic pentameter and, 1, 2
    13. jazz solos and speech, 1, 2, 3, 4
    14. and meaning, 1, 2, 3
    15. melody, 1, 2
    16. notation, 1
    17. and stress in poetry, 1
    18. pathemes and, 1, 2, 3
    19. pickup bars, 1
    20. poetry and, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6;
    21. see also pathemes; see also setting under poetry
    22. rhyme and, 1
    23. scales, 1, 2
    24. semiotics and, 1, 2, 3
    25. signs and referents in, 1, 2, 3
    26. speech and, see under speech
    27. swung rhythm, 1, 2
    28. tonality/atonality/non-tonality, 1, 2, 3
    29. twelve-bar blues, sonnet and, 1
    30. understanding words in, 1
    31. see also under emotion(s)
60. myths, see supernaturalism

1. nadir, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
2. names, proper, 1, 2
3. naming, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
   1. degree of specificity/abstraction, 1
   2. effect, 1
4. nasals, 1
5. naturalism, 1, 2, 3, 4
6. nature, 1, 2, 3
   1. culture and, 1
   2. form in, 1
   3. humanity and, 1, 2, 3, 4
   4. metaphor and, 1
   5. musical elements in, 1
   6. poetry and, 1, 2
   7. rhythm and, 1
7. neo-modernism, 1, 2
8. neologisms, see language, invention in
9. Neuro-Linguistic Programming, 1, 2
10. neuroscience, 1
11. New Criticism, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
12. New Formalism, 1, 2
13. Nirvana, 1
14. NLP, 1
15. noise, types, 1, 2
    1. see also ‘pinkness’
16. non sequitur endings, 1
17. nostalgia, 1
18. notation
    1. limitations, 1, 2
    2. of stress/metre/scansion, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
19. novelty, 1
20. NS, see nuclear stress
21. nuclear stress (NS), 1, 2, 3, 4
    1. in free verse, 1
22. numbers, 1
    1. in alternate stress matrix, 1
    2. see also Fibonacci numbers/ratios

1. object permanence, 1, 2
2. objects, see things
3. O’Brien, Flann, An Béal Bocht, 1
4. O’Brien, Sean, 1
   1. ‘After Laforgue’, 1, 2
   2. ‘Something to Read on the Train’, 1
5. obscurity, 1, 2, 3
6. O’Hara, Frank, ‘Personism: A Manifesto’, 1
8. Olds, Sharon, 1
   1. ‘The Daughter Goes to Camp’, 1
   2. ‘The Race’, 1
9. onomatopoeia, 1, 2;
   1. see also iconicity and phonesthemes
10. ontological categories, 1
11. ontologico-cultural metaphors, 1, 2, 3
12. ontology, 1
13. ‘open’/‘closed’ texts, 1
14. ‘open’/‘closed’ words, 1
15. optional depth, 1, 2, 3
16. originality, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
17. origo, 1
18. Orpheus, 1, 2, 3
19. Oswald, Alice, 1, 2
    1. ‘Bike Ride on a Roman Road’, 1, 2
    2. ‘Body’, 1
20. overdemocratisation, 1
21. overdetermination, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
22. overinterpretation/oversignifying, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11;
    1. see also meaning
23. overtones, 1, 2, 3
    1. connotation and, 1
24. Owen, Wilfred, ‘Strange Meeting’, 1

1. p-text (present text), 1, 2
2. pace, 1
3. paeonic feet/metres, 1, 2
4. ‘page poetry’, 1, 2
5. palindrome, 1, 2
6. paradigm, 1
7. paradox, 1, 2
   1. intertextuality and, 1
   2. rhyme and, 1
8. paragmenon, 1
9. parallelism, 1
10. paranoia, 1, 2, 3
11. paraphrase, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
12. pararhyme, 1, 2, 3
    1. degrees of, 1
13. parasemia, 1
14. parataxis, 1, 2, 3
15. parenthesis, 1, 2
16. Parker, Charlie, 1, 2
17. paronomasia, 1, 2, 3, 4
18. Pascal, Blaise, 1
19. pastiche, 1
20. pathemes, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
    1. and meaning, 1
    2. music and, 1, 2, 3
    3. symbols and, 1
21. pathetic fallacy, 1, 2, 3
22. patter-song, 1
23. pattern(ing), 1
24. patterning, consonantal, 1
25. pattern(ing)
    1. counterpattern, 1
    2. intonational, 1
    3. template and, 1
    4. variation and, 1, 2
    5. see also form, metre and scansion
26. peak shift, 1, 2, 3
27. Peirce, C. S., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
28. perception, 1, 2, 3
    1. contrivance and, 1
    2. intentionalist theories of, 1
    3. isochrony and, 1
    4. meaning and, 1
    5. pitch and, 1
    6. prelinguistic, 1, 2
    7. screening in, 1
    8. of speech and song, 1
    9. of time, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
    11. of words, 1, 2
    12. see also brain, comprehension, mind and under reality
29. performance poetry, 1;
    1. see also rap;
    2. see also performance under poetry
30. periodicity, 1;
    1. see also isochrony
31. periphrasis, 1
32. peristasis, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
    1. metonymy and, 1, 2, 3
33. peristatic focus, 1
34. Perloff, Marjorie, 1
35. personal names, 1, 2
36. persuasion
    1. rhyme and, 1
    2. see also slogans
37. phenomimes, 1
38. phonemes
    1. categorisation, 1
    2. dividing on line breaks, 1
    3. numbers used in different languages, 1
39. phonesthemes, 1, 2
    1. definition, 1
    2. dictionaries of, 1
    3. meaning and, 1, 2
40. phonosemantic principle, 1, 2, 3, 4
41. phrasal rhythm, 1
42. phrase rhythm analysis, 1, 2
43. phrasemes, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
    1. conversation and, 1
    2. intonational pattern and, 1
    3. reframing, 1
    4. rhyming, 1
44. phrasemicity, 1, 2
45. phrases, lexicalisation, see phrasemes
46. physical laws, 1
47. Piaget, Jean, 1
48. pink noise, 1, 2
49. Pinker, Steven, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
50. ‘pinkness’, 1, 2, 3, 4
51. Pirahã, 1, 2
52. pitch, 1
    1. loudness and, 1
    2. nadir and, 1
    3. in nature, 1, 2
    4. in performing poetry, 1, 2;
    5. see also pitch notation under poetry
    6. as projection, 1
    7. in speech, 1, 2
    8. see also scansion and under speech
53. placeholders, weak, 1
54. plagiarism, 1, 2
55. Plath, Sylvia, 1, 2
    1. ‘Balloons’, 1
    2. ‘Poppies in October’, 1
56. Plato, 1, 2, 3
57. pleonasm, 1
58. plosives, 1
59. Pluto, 1
60. pneuma and logos, 1
61. Poe, Edgar Allan, 1
62. ‘the poetic’, 1
63. ‘poetic diction’, 1, 2
    1. ‘ban’, 1
64. poetry/poem(s), 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
    1. algorithms and, 1, 2, 3, 4
    2. audience for, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
    3. ’death of’, 1
    4. definitions and identifying features, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9;
    5. see also formula under Jakobson
    6. difficulty, productive/non-productive, 1, 2, 3, 4
    7. as domains, 1, 2
    8. editing, 1, 2, 3, 4
    10. forms, 1
    11. found, 1, 2
    12. intertextuality, 1, 2
    13. invisibility, 1
    14. as invocation, 1
    15. language and, see under language
    16. literal sense/surface, 1, 2, 3
    17. lyric ground, 1, 2
    18. lyric/non-lyric, 1, 2
    19. making, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
        1. advice concerning, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
        2. automating, 1, 2
        3. compositional aids, 1
        4. difficulty and, 1, 2, 3
        5. exercises, 1, 2, 3
        6. lines/feet in, 1
        7. revising, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
        8. teaching, 1, 2
        9. technique and, 1
    20. and meaning, see under meaning
    21. misreading, see understanding/misunderstanding in this entry
    22. music and, see under music
    23. music of, 1, 2;
    24. see also pitch notation in this entry
    25. naive writing, 1, 2, 3
    26. necessity of trope in, 1
    27. ‘open’/‘closed’, 1
    28. origins, 1, 2
    29. overdemocratisation, 1
    30. overfilling, 1
    31. pace, 1
    32. paraphrase and, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
    33. performance/recitation, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10
    34. notation and, 1, 2;
    35. see also actors
    36. pitch (key), 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
    37. pitch notation, 1, 2, 3, 4
    38. predictability and surprise in, 1
    39. and prose, see under prose
    40. publication, 1, 2, 3;
    41. see also editors and editing
    42. punctuation, 1
    43. readers, see audience in this entry
    44. reading, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
    45. reading and, 1
    46. setting to music, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
    47. sound poems, 1
    48. speech and, see under speech
    49. subject matter, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
    50. translation, 1, 2, 3
    51. understanding/misunderstanding, 1, 2, 3, 4
    52. intended, 1, 2, 3
    53. unified field theory, 1
    54. unpunctuated, 1
    55. viewed from a distance, 1, 2
    56. see also metre, scansion and under emotion
65. poets
    1. community, 1
    2. disagreements, 1
    3. intentions, 1
    4. luck, 1
    5. other work, 1
    6. products of influences, 1
    7. style/voice, 1, 2, 3, 4
    8. success and failure, 1
    9. thinking in lines, 1
66. point-of-view (POV), 1
68. political slogans, 1, 2, 3, 4
69. polyptoton, 1
70. polysyndeton, 1
71. Pope, Alexander, ‘An Essay on Criticism’, 1
72. Pöppel, Ernst, 1, 2
73. Porchia, Antonio, Voces, 1, 2, 3
74. postmodernism, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
75. Pound, Ezra, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
    1. ‘In a Station of the Metro’, 1
    2. The Pisan Cantos, 1
76. POV (point-of-view), 1
77. praecisio, 1
78. prefaces, 1
79. prehistory, 1
80. present
    1. living in, 1
    2. specious, 1
81. present text, see p-text
82. Prince, symbol, 1
83. Princeton WordNet, 1, 2
84. programming, 1, 2
85. projection, 1
    1. counting and, 1
86. pronunciation differences, 1, 2
87. proparalepsis, 1
88. proper names, 1, 2
89. properties, 1
90. prose, 1
    1. poetry and, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
91. prose poems, 1
92. prosthesis, 1
93. Prynne, J. H., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
    1. ‘Blue Sides at Rest’, 1
94. psychomimes, 1
95. pulse, 1;
    1. see also isochrony
96. punchlines, 1
97. punctuation, 1
98. punning, 1, 2, 3, 4
99. pyrrhic, 1

1. qualia, 1
   1. as abstracta/concreta, 1
   2. phonesthemes and, 1
2. Quine, Willard Van Orman, 1
3. Quinn, Arthur, 1

1. racism, 1
2. Raine, Craig, 1
   1. ‘In the Kalahari Desert’, 1
   2. ‘In Modern Dress’, 1
3. Raleigh, Walter, ‘To His Sonne’, 1, 2
4. Ramachandran, V. S., 1, 2
5. randomisation, 1, 2, 3
6. rap, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
7. Raworth, Tom, ‘All Fours’, 1
8. reading, 1, 2
   1. asymbols and, 1
   2. found texts, 1, 2
   3. see also under poetry
9. Reading, Peter, Stet, 1
10. ‘realism’, 1
11. reality
    1. abstraction and, 1
    2. culture and, 1
    3. perception/definition and, 1, 2, 3, 4
    4. see also meaning
12. recitative, 1
13. religion, 1, 2
    1. continuing influence, 1, 2, 3, 4
14. R.E.M., 1
15. repetitio, 1
16. repetition, 1, 2;
    1. see also pattern
17. rereading, 1, 2, 3, 4
    1. and intonational pattern, 1
18. research, 1
19. resting state prosody (RSP), 1, 2
20. rhetoric
    1. music and, 1, 2
    2. terms from, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
21. rhyme, 1, 2, 3
    1. attitudes to, 1
    2. caesura and, 1
    3. consonantal, 1
    4. content and, 1
    5. counterpoint and, 1
    6. dictionaries of, 1
    7. distance, 1
    8. hyperbaton and, 1
    9. position(s), 1
    10. in song, 1
    11. syntax and, 1
    12. see also pararhyme
22. rhythm, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
    1. animals and, 1
    2. brain and, 1
    3. of language, 1
    4. metre and, 1
    5. musical, analysis of, 1
    6. musical notation and, 1
    7. phrasal, 1
    8. pitch and, 1
    9. poetry and, 1, 2
    10. pulse and, 1
    11. sprung, 1
    12. swung, 1
    13. and time, 1
23. Richards, I. A., 1, 2
24. riddle, see enigma
25. right/left brain, 1, 2
26. Riley, Denise, 1, 2
    1. ‘A Part Song’, 1
27. Riley, Peter, 1
28. Rilke, Rainer Maria, 1, 2
29. rime riche, 1
30. risk, 1
31. Rochberg, George, 1
32. rolled r, 1
33. Rosenblatt, Louise M., 1
34. RSP, see ‘resting state’ prosody
35. ‘rules of five’, 1, 2
36. Russell, Willy, Educating Rita, 1

1. s, see stress, strong/weak
2. Sapir–Whorf hypothesis, 1, 2, 3
3. sapphic, 1
4. satire, 1
5. Saussure, Ferdinand de, and Saussurian theory, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
6. scansion, 1, 2
   1. alternate stress and, 1
   2. computer programs and, 1, 2
   3. contour grids, 1, 2, 3
   4. hyperbaton and, 1
   5. interpretative, 1
   6. notation of, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
   7. overdetermination and, 1
   8. phrasemes and, 1
   9. pitch and, 1, 2, 3, 4
   10. regularity of metre and, 1, 2, 3, 4
   11. terms in, 1
   12. see also pitch
7. scesis onomaton, 1
8. Schnackenberg, Gjertrud ‘The Paperweight’, 1
   1. ‘Two Tales of Clumsy’, 1
9. Schoenberg, Arnold, 1, 2
   1. Moses und Aron, 1
10. Schopenhauer, Arthur, 1, 2
12. schwa, 1, 2, 3, 4
    1. avoiding, 1
    2. etymology and, 1
13. scientific speech, 1
14. Scots, 1, 2, 3
15. Scruton, Roger, 1
16. selection and combination, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
17. self-reflexivity, 1
18. semantic units, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
19. semantics, conceptual, 1, 2
20. semiotic categories, 1
21. semiotics, 1, 2
    1. and music, 1, 2
22. sense, see meaning
23. sense stress, 1, 2, 3
24. senses, 1, 2, 3, 4
25. sensorimotor involvement in comprehension, 1, 2
26. sententia, 1
27. serialism, 1
28. Service, Robert, 1
29. sestina, 1, 2
30. Seuss, Dr, 1
31. Shaffer, Peter, Amadeus, 1
32. Shakespeare, William, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
    1. The Comedy of Errors, 1
    2. cryptosemic readings of, 1
    3. Macbeth, 1
    4. Sonnets, 1, 2
    5. musical settings, 1
    6. Sonnet 1, 2
    7. Sonnet 1, 2
    8. Sonnet 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
    9. Sonnet 1, 2
    10. Sonnet 1, 2
    11. Sonnet 1, 2
    12. Sonnet 1, 2
    13. Sonnet 1, 2, 3, 4
    14. Sonnet 1, 2
    15. Sonnet 1, 2
    16. Sonnet 1, 2
    17. Sonnet 1, 2
    18. Sonnet 1, 2
    19. The Tempest, 1, 2
33. shibboleths, 1, 2, 3
34. Shiffrin, R. M., 1
35. ‘show not tell’, 1, 2
36. sign languages, 1
37. significance, see meaning silence, 1, 2
    1. closure and, 1
38. similes, 1, 2;
    1. see also metaphor
39. singers, 1, 2
40. Sitwell, Edith, 1, 2
    1. Façade, 1
41. Skelton, John, ‘Mannerly Margery Milk and Ale’, 1
42. slogans, 1, 2, 3, 4
43. Smith, Barbara Herrnstein, 1
44. social media, 1, 2
45. Socrates, 1
46. song-strong verse, 1
47. song(s), 1, 2
    1. mishearing words, 1
    2. poetry and, 1, 2, 3
    3. speech and, 1, 2
    4. words for, 1, 2, 3
48. sonnet, 1, 2
    1. music and, 1, 2
49. sound, 1
    1. clusters, see phonesthemes
    2. meaning and, 1, 2
    3. overtones, 1
50. sound poems, 1
51. source and target, 1, 2
52. space, 1, 2, 3, 4
    1. language concerning, 1
53. speech
    1. automatic, 1, 2
    2. functions of vowels and consonants in, 1
    3. intrauterine experience of, 1
    4. and isochrony, 1
    5. loudness, 1
    6. metre and, 1, 2
    7. music and, 1, 2, 3, 4
    8. pace of, 1
    9. pitch, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
    10. poetry and, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7;
        1. see also ‘poetic diction’
    11. rhyme and, 1
    12. rhythm, 1, 2
    13. right/left brain and, 1
    14. scientific, 1
    15. stress in, 1
    16. theories of non-verbal underlay, 1
    17. see also dialects and accents, language and phrasemes
54. speech impediments, 1
55. speech-strong reading, 1
56. speech-to-song illusion, 1
57. spelling, 1
58. spondee, 1, 2, 3
59. spontaneity, 1
60. Spooner, William Archibald, 1
61. spoonerism, 1
62. sprung rhythm, 1
63. Squarepusher, 1
64. stich, 1
65. storytelling, 1
    1. poetry and, 1
66. Strauss, Richard, 1
67. stress, 1
    1. alternate, see alternate stress
    2. duration and, 1
    3. elements of, 1
    4. emotion and, 1
    5. lexical, 1, 2
    6. loudness and, 1
    7. meaning and, 1
    8. metre and, 1, 2
    9. notation for, see notation
    10. nuclear, see nuclear stress
    11. polysemy and, 1
    12. quality, 1
    13. quantification, 1
    14. sense, 1, 2, 3
    15. in speech, 1
    16. strong/weak, 1, 2
    17. timing and, 1, 2
    18. understanding and, 1
    19. urgency and, 1
    20. vowels and, 1
    21. see also metre and scansion
68. stress-tree analysis, 1
69. strong position rule, 1
70. strophe, 1
71. structure, see form
72. styles, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
    1. as domains, 1, 2
    2. understanding and, 1
73. subjectivity, 1
74. sublimity, 1, 2
75. Sufi exegesis, 1, 2
76. supernaturalism, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
77. surprise, 1, 2
78. surrealism, 1, 2
79. Sutherland, Keston, 1
    1. ‘Hot White Andy’, 1, 2
80. Sweeney, Matthew, ‘In the Garden’, 1
81. Swinburne, Algernon Charles, ‘Sappho’, 1
82. syllables, metre and, 1, 2
83. symbolical function of words, 1, 2
84. symbolism, sound, 1
86. symbol(s), 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
    1. definitions, 1
    2. and the division between concrete and abstract, 1, 2
    3. intertextuality and, 1
    4. and meaning, 1, 2
    5. and metaphor, 1, 2, 3
    6. and metonym, 1, 2
    7. pathemes and, 1
    8. proper names and, 1
    9. for stress/metre/scansion, see notation
    10. words and, 1
87. symmetry, 1
88. synaesthesia, 1, 2
89. synaloepha, 1
90. syncope, 1, 2
91. synechdoche, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
    1. as ‘master trope’ in poetry, 1
92. synonyms, 1
93. syntagm, 1
94. syntax
    1. rhyme and, 1
    2. thought and, 1

1. T, see tenor
2. tactus, 1
3. Tagg, Philip, 1
4. Takemitsu, Toru, 1
5. target and source, 1, 2
6. Tarlinskaja, Marina, 1
7. Tate, James, ‘The List of Famous Hats’, 1
8. Tegmark, Mark, 1
9. teleutons, 1, 2
   1. deceptive, 1, 2
   2. in free verse, 1
10. television, 1
11. templates, 1, 2, 3, 4
    1. pattern and, 1
    2. units in, 1
    3. see also form, metre and scansion
12. 10-position line, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5;
    1. see also iambic pentameter
13. Tengi, Randee, Princeton WordNet, 1, 2
14. Tennyson, Alfred, 1, 2
15. ‘The Charge of the Light Brigade’, 1, 2
    1. In Memoriam, 1, 2
16. tenor (T), 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
17. tetrastrophe, 1, 2
18. text, algorithms for, 1, 2, 3, 4
19. thematic domains, see conceptual domains
20. theology, 1
21. Thile, Chris, 1
22. things, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
    1. meaning and, 1, 2
    2. terms for attributes, and semiotic categories, 1
23. Thomas, Dylan, ‘Do not go gentle into that good night’, 1, 2
24. thought
    1. changing in, 1
    2. description and, 1
    3. limits, 1
    4. see also under language
25. three-second rule, 1, 2, 3, 4
26. tick-tock effect, see alternate stress
27. timbre
    1. musical notation and, 1
    2. in speech, 1, 2
28. time, 1
    1. isochrony and, 1
    2. lines and, 1
    4. ‘moment’, 1
    5. perception of, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
    6. pulse, 1
    7. reflexivity and, 1
    8. and rhythm, 1, 2
    9. spatial metaphors of, 1, 2
    10. see also three-second rule
29. titles, 1, 2, 3, 4
    1. endings and, 1
30. tmesis, 1
31. token and type, 1, 2
32. tonal isologue, 1, 2
33. tonality
    1. in music, 1, 2
    2. in poetry, 1
    3. see also patheme
34. totem (component of symbol), 1;
    1. see also symbol(s)
35. transcendence, 1, 2
36. transferred epithet, 1
37. translation, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
    1. intertextuality and, 1
38. tribrach, 1
39. trimetron, 1
40. tristich, 1
41. trochee, 1, 2
42. tropes
    1. categorisations, 1, 2, 3
    2. intra-/inter-domain, 1, 2, 3
    3. definitions, 1, 2
43. troponyms, 1
44. trust, 1
45. truth, 1, 2
    1. music and, 1
46. Tudor poets, 1, 2, 3
47. Turkish music, 1
48. Turner, Frederick, 1, 2
49. Turner, Mark, 1, 2
50. type and token, 1, 2
51. typography, 1, 2

1. ugliness, language and, 1, 2
2. unconscious, 1, 2
3. understanding, 1
   1. liking and, 1
   2. stress and, 1
   3. see also perception and under poetry
4. universals, 1
5. universes, 1
6. ‘unstressed’ syllables, 1, 2, 3;
   1. see also stress
7. urgency, 1;
   1. see also emotion

1. V, see vehicle
2. Valéry, Paul, 1, 2
3. Vedantic logic, 1, 2
4. vehicle (V), 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
5. Vendler, Helen, 1
6. Verner’s law, 1
7. versification, 1
8. Vico, Giambattisto, 1
9. villanelle, 1, 2
10. voice, 1, 2
11. voiced/unvoiced consonants, 1
12. vowels, 1, 2
    1. consonants and, 1
    2. function in speech, 1, 2, 3
    3. length, 1
    4. line length and, 1
    5. music and, 1
    6. sung, 1
    7. and tonal expression, 1
    8. varied, 1
    9. see also stress

1. w, see stress, strong/weak
3. Wainwright, Rufus, All Days Are Nights: Songs for Lulu, 1
4. Wallace, Robert, 1
5. weak placeholder rule, 1
6. West, Kanye, ‘Gold digger’, 1
7. White, Hayden, 1
8. white noise, 1, 2
9. white space, 1, 2, 3
10. Whittier, John Greenleaf, 1, 2
11. Whorfian theories, 1, 2, 3
12. Wilbur, Richard
    1. ‘The Mind Reader’, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
    2. ‘To the Etruscan Poets’, 1
13. Wilkins, John, 1
14. Williams, C. K., 1, 2, 3
    1. ‘Fragment’, 1
    2. ‘The Game’, 1
    3. ‘My Mother’s Lips’, 1, 2
15. Williams, William Carlos, 1, 2, 3
    1. ‘The Red Wheelbarrow’, 1
    2. ‘A Sort of a Song’, 1
    3. ‘This Is Just to Say’, 1
16. Wimsatt, W. K., 1, 2
17. wind, 1
18. Wittgenstein, Ludwig, 1, 2, 3
19. word-play, 1, 2, 3, 4
20. WordNet, 1, 2
21. words
    1. content/function, 1, 2
    2. indexicality, 1, 2, 3, 4
    3. meaning, 1, 2, 3, 4
    4. presence/absence of referents, 1, 2
    5. and reality, 1
    6. see also definitions, iconicity and semantic units
22. Wordsworth, William, 1
    1. ‘Daffodils’, 1
    2. Preface to the Lyrical Ballads, 1
    3. ‘A Slumber did my spirit seal’, 1
23. workshops, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
24. Wright, Charles
    1. ‘Chickamauga’, 1, 2
    2. ‘Reunion’, 1
25. Wright, James, 1
    1. ‘Lying in a Hammock at William Duffy’s Farm in Pine Island, Minnesota’, 1
26. writing
    1. origins, 1
    2. systems omitting vowels, 1
27. writing workshops, see workshops

1. Xenakis, Iannis, 1, 2

1. Yeats, W. B., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
   1. ‘Cuchulain Comforted’, 1
   2. ‘He Wishes for the Cloths of Heaven’, 1
   3. ‘The Lake Isle of Innisfree’, 1, 2
2. Young, Dean, ‘Age of Discovery’, 1

1. zebras, 1, 2, 3
2. zenith, 1, 2, 3, 4
3. zeugma, 1, 2