1.1 |
Alternative bases for interpreting social reality |
2.1 |
Habermas’s knowledge-constitutive interests and the nature of research |
2.2 |
Differing approaches to the study of behaviour |
4.1 |
Science choices of secondary school males and females |
4.2 |
Science choices of male and female secondary students with Teacher A or B |
4.3 |
Further science choices of male and female secondary students with Teacher A or B |
7.1 |
Purposes and kinds of research |
7.2 |
Three examples of planning for time frames for data collection in mixed methods research |
7.3 |
Elements of research styles |
7.4 |
A matrix for planning research |
7.5 |
A planning matrix for research |
8.1 |
Sample size, confidence levels and confidence intervals for random samples |
8.2 |
Sample sizes for categorical and continuous data |
8.3 |
Types of sample |
10.1 |
Comparing validity in quantitative and qualitative research |
10.2 |
Comparing reliability in quantitative and qualitative research |
13.1 |
Maximum variation for low response rates in a yes/no question for a 50/50 distribution |
13.2 |
The characteristics, strengths and weaknesses of longitudinal, cross-sectional, trend analysis and retrospective longitudinal studies |
13.3 |
Problems and solutions in internet-based surveys |
14.1 |
Continua of data collection, types and analysis in case study research |
19.1 |
Features and affordances of simulations and virtual worlds |
20.1 |
Crosstabulation of responses to two key factors in effective leadership |
20.2 |
A ten-point marking scale in a questionnaire |
20.3 |
Potential problems in conducting research |
21.1 |
Summary of relative merits of interview versus questionnaire |
21.2 |
Strengths and weaknesses of different types of interview |
21.3 |
The selection of response mode |
23.1 |
A structured observation schedule |
23.2 |
Structured, unstructured, natural and artificial settings for observations |
24.1 |
A matrix of test items |
24.2 |
Compiling elements of test items |
25.1 |
A laddering dialogue |
25.2 |
Grid summary measures |
25.3 |
Focused grid data showing effect of construct alignment |
26.1 |
Examples of the use of role-play in the literature |
29.1 |
The effectiveness of English teaching |
29.2 |
The strengths and weaknesses of English language teaching |
29.3 |
Teaching methods |
29.4 |
Student-related factors |
30.1 |
Tabulated data for comparative analysis |
34.1 |
Type I and Type II errors |
34.2 |
Mean and standard deviation in an effect size (SPSS output) |
34.3 |
The Levene test for equality of variances (SPSS output) |
34.4 |
Mean and standard deviation in a paired sample test (SPSS output) |
34.5 |
Difference test for a paired sample (SPSS output) |
34.6 |
Effect size in analysis of variance (SPSS output) |
34.7 |
Frequently used Greek letters in statistics |
35.1 |
Frequencies and percentages for a course evaluation (SPSS output) |
35.2 |
Crosstabulation by totals (SPSS output) |
35.3 |
Crosstabulation by row totals (SPSS output) |
35.4 |
Rating scale of agreement and disagreement |
35.5 |
Satisfaction with a course |
35.6 |
Combined categories of rating scales |
35.7 |
Representing combined categories of rating scales |
35.8 |
A bivariate crosstabulation (SPSS output) |
35.9 |
A bivariate analysis of parents’ views on public examinations |
35.10 |
A trivariate crosstabulation |
35.11 |
Distribution of test scores (SPSS output) |
35.12 |
Common measures of relationship |
35.13 |
Percentage of public library members by their social class origin |
35.14 |
A Pearson product moment correlation (SPSS output) |
35.15 |
Part-time work and class of degree, controlled for socio-economic status (SPSS output) |
35.16 |
Identifying unreliable items in Cronbach’s alpha (SPSS output) |
36.1 |
Means and standard deviations for a t-test (SPSS output) |
36.2 |
The Levene test for equality of variances in a t-test (SPSS output) |
36.3 |
A t-test for leaders and teachers (SPSS output) |
36.4 |
The Levene test for equality of variances between leaders and teachers (SPSS output) |
36.5 |
Means and standard deviations in a paired samples t-test (SPSS output) |
36.6 |
The paired samples t-test (SPSS output) |
36.7 |
Descriptive statistics for analysis of variance (SPSS output) |
36.8 |
SPSS output for one-way analysis of variance (SPSS output) |
36.9 |
The Tukey test (SPSS output) |
36.10 |
Homogeneous groupings in the Tukey test (SPSS output) |
36.11 |
Means and standard deviations in a two-way analysis of variance (SPSS output) |
36.12 |
The Levene test of equality of variances in a two-way analysis of variance (SPSS output) |
36.13 |
Between-subject effects in two-way analysis of variance (SPSS output) |
36.14 |
A 2 × 3 contingency table for chi-square |
36.15 |
A 2 × 5 contingency table for chi-square |
36.16 |
A crosstabulation for a Mann-Whitney U test (SPSS output) |
36.17 |
Rankings for the Mann-Whitney U test (SPSS output) |
36.18 |
The Mann-Whitney U value and significance level (SPSS output) |
36.19 |
Frequencies and percentages of variable one in a Wilcoxon test (SPSS output) |
36.20 |
Frequencies and percentages of variable two in a Wilcoxon test (SPSS output) |
36.21 |
Ranks and sums of ranks in a Wilcoxon test (SPSS output) |
36.22 |
Significance level in a Wilcoxon test (SPSS output) |
36.23 |
Crosstabulation for the Kruskal-Wallis test (SPSS output) |
36.24 |
Rankings for the Kruskal-Wallis test (SPSS output) |
36.25 |
Significance levels in a Kruskal-Wallis test (SPSS output) |
36.26 |
Frequencies for variable one in the Friedman test (SPSS output) |
36.27 |
Frequencies for variable two in the Friedman test (SPSS output) |
36.28 |
Frequencies for variable three in the Friedman test (SPSS output) |
36.29 |
Rankings for the Friedman test (SPSS output) |
36.30 |
Significance level in the Friedman test (SPSS output) |
36.31 |
A summary of the R, R square and adjusted R square in regression analysis (SPSS output) |
36.32 |
Significance level in regression analysis (SPSS output) |
36.33 |
The Beta coefficient in a regression analysis (SPSS output) |
36.34 |
A summary of the R, R square and adjusted R square in multiple regression analysis (SPSS output) |
36.35 |
Significance level in multiple regression analysis (SPSS output) |
36.36 |
The Beta coefficients in a multiple regression analysis (SPSS output) |
36.37 |
Relative Beta weightings of independent variables on teacher stress (SPSS output) |
36.38 |
Altered weightings in Beta coefficients (SPSS output) |
36.39 |
Further altered weightings in Beta coefficients (SPSS output) |
36.40 |
Extract from area under the normal curve of distribution |
37.1 |
Rank ordering of ten children on seven constructs |
37.2 |
Intercorrelations between seven personal constructs |
37.3 |
The structuring of relationships among the seven personal constructs |
37.4 |
Initial SPSS output for principal components analysis (SPSS output) |
37.5 |
The rotated components matrix in principal components analysis (SPSS output) |
37.6 |
Checking the correlation table for suitability of the data for factorization (SPSS output) |
37.7 |
Checking the suitability of the data for factor analysis (SPSS output) |
37.8 |
Checking the variance explained by each item (SPSS output) |
37.9 |
Extraction of two factors (SPSS output) |
37.10 |
Pattern matrix (SPSS output with markings added) |
37.11 |
Person-concept coding system |
37.12 |
Reliability coefficients for peer descriptions |
37.13 |
Sex, voting preference and social class: a three-way classification table |
37.14 |
Sex, voting preference and social class: a three-way notational classification |
37.15 |
Expected frequencies in sex, voting preference and social class |
37.16 |
Expected frequencies assuming that sex is independent of social class and voting preference |
37.17 |
Sex and voting preference: a two-way classification table |
38.1 |
Identifying statistical tests for an experiment |
38.2 |
Statistical tests to be used with different numbers of groups of samples |
38.3 |
Types of statistical tests for four scales of data |
38.4 |
Statistics available for different types of data |
38.5 |
Assumptions of statistical tests |