Page numbers in bold refer to main articles. Page numbers in italics refer to photographs or their captions. Page numbers in bold italics refer to main articles with photographs.
A&M Records, 17
a cappella style, 179
Abbado, Claudio, 7
Abbado, Marcello, 7
Abbado, Michelangelo, 7
Abbey Road recording studio, 524
Abravanel, Maurice, 665
abstraction, 165
AC/DC, 281
Academy of Ancient Music, 33, 34
Accidents, 58
accordion, and Cajun music, 99, 100
Accra Rhythmic Orchestra, 290
acid jazz, 321
acid rock see psychedelic/acid rock
Acuff, Roy, 9, 144, 145, 291, 463, 581
added value technique, 405
Adderley, Julian Edwin “Cannonball,” 10, 262, 274, 364, 421
Adler, Guido, 78
Adler, Lou, 17
Adler, Richard, 437
Adverts, 444
Aerosmith, 516
Afghanistan, 597
and Brazilian music, 83; and Cuban music, 154; and highlife, 290; see also Dibango, Manu; Kidjo, Angélique; Kuti, Fela; South Africa
African Brothers International Band, 290
African Jazz Pioneers, 594
Afro-Beat, 13
Afro-Cuban jazz, 49
Afro-Cuban rhythms, 253
Afro-Cubans (group), 49, 364, 385
afro-son, 155
ageng, 234
Ahanda, Jean-Marie, 15
Akoustic Band, 143
Al Klauser and His Oklahomans, 463
Alaap, 67
Alarm, 445
Alemañy, Jesus, 155
Alexander, Alger “Texas,” 73, 74, 299
Alger, Jean-Luc, 681
Alice in Chains, 263
Allen, Paul Hastings, 455
Allen, Rex, 218
Allison, Jerry, 296
Allman, Duane, 76
Allman Brothers, 501, 536, 539
Almanac Singers, 219, 265, 661
Almond, Marc, 445
Alpert, Herb, 17
Altamont, rock festival, 536
Altazor, 650
Altschul, Barry, 143
Alvarez, Adalberto, 381
Amar-Hindemith Quartet, 292
“Ambassador of Jazz” see Armstrong, Louis
ambient music, 500
Ament, Jeff, 263
American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers (ASCAP), 287, 632
ambaric music; 12
Amnions, Ambert, 79
analog multi-track recording, 523
andalous, 11
Andean music, 20
Anderson, Jon, 678
Anderson, Marian, 21
Andersson, Benny, 6
Andrews, Julie, 212
Andrews, Laverne, 22
Andrews, Maxene, 22
Andrews, Patty, 22
Andrews Sisters, 22, 69, 107, 152, 379
Anfossi, Giovanni Maria, 408
Angeloni, Carlo, 504
Angola, 14
Animals, 87
antara, 20
Antheil, George, 460
Anthony, Ray, 389
Antoine, Leon, 309
AOR (adult-oriented-rock), 501
arabesk, 410
Arcano, Antonio, 489
Ardoin, Alphonse “Bois-sec,” 101
Areas, José Chepito, 558
Argent, Rod, 498
Argentina, 362 see Sosa, Mercedes; tango
Argerich, Martha, 408
Arienzo, Juan D’, 627
Arlen, Harold, 24, 300, 403, 581
Arm, Mark, 263
Armas, Reynaldo, 650
Armatrading, Joan, 583
Armstrong, Louis, 25, 283, 320, 328, 379, 443
Armstrong, Vanessa Bell, 258
Armstrong All Stars, 25
Arnold, Billy Boy, 673
Arnold, Sir Malcolm, 209
Arrow, 107
Art Ensemble of Chicago, 226, 227
art-rock, 501
Art Tatum Trio, 628
Arthurs, Paul “Bonehead,” 451
Artist Formerly Known As Prince, 495
Ashford, Nickolas, 434
Ashkenazy, Vladimir, 30
Asia see South Asia; South East Asia
Aspen Music Festival, 206
Astreia ensemble, 264
Aswad, 529
Atkins, Chet “Mr. Guitar,” 31, 146, 173, 201, 440, 527, 637
atonality, 321
Augustine, Albert, 568
Auric, Georges, 584
Austin, Lovie, 74
authentic performance, 32–34, 33
avant-garde music; and Luigi Nono, 449
Averoff, Carlos, 310
Avery, Charles, 79
Avila, Juan, 196
Avory, Mick, 347
Ax, Emanuel, 607
Ayler, Albert, 226
Aznavour, Charles, 35
Babbitt, Milton, 119, 190, 460, 653
Babineaux, Sidney, 123
Back-beat rhythm, 528
Bad Company, 501
Bad Religion, 507
Badarou, Wall, 342
Badfinger, 498
Badura-Skoda, Paul, 34
Baez, Joan, 37, 109, 221, 222, 536, 582, 583
Bahamas, 106
Bahia, 83
baile de tambour, 650
Baird, Eugenie, 635
Baker, Ginger, 151
Baker, La Vern, 346
Bakersfield Scene, 146
Balanchine, George, 40
Baldry, “Long” John, 327
Balfa, Christine, 101
Balfa, Dewey, 101
Balfa Brothers, 8
ballads, and blues songs, 72
Ballard, Florence, 432, 433, 434, 551
ballet and modern dance music, 39–41, 40
Ballets Suédois, 39
Balliett, Whitney, 431
balungan, 602
Band of Renown, 166
Bangladesh, 597
“Banjo Eyes” see Cantor, Eddie
banjoists see Scruggs, Earl
Banks, Peter, 678
Banks, Tony, 240
Banton, Buju, 529
Barbados, 104
“Barbarian of Rhythm” see Moré, Beny
Barber, Chris, 197
Barber, Samuel, 40, 42, 117, 357, 401, 455, 461, 493, 653
Barbieri, Gato, 69
Barenboim, Daniel, 43
Barksdale, Everett, 628
Barnet, Charlie, 300
Barons of Rhythm, 48
Baroque technique, 34
barrelhouse music, 79
Barrett, Syd, 471
Barrio, Paquita la del, 406
Barris, Harry, 152
Barron, Kenny, 304
Bartholemew, David, 178
Bartók, Béla, 45–47, 167, 182, 217, 268, 357, 452, 458, 459, 586;
and Leos Janácek, 317; chamber music, 116, 118–19
Basie, Count, 26–27, 48, 59, 160, 320, 332, 400, 480, 621, 630 and Billie Holiday, 295; and Lester Young, 48, 679; and Norman Granz, 262; Count Basie Orchestra, 48, 332, 679
bass traps, 524
batá drums, 104
Bates, Deacon L. J., 324
Bauzá, Mario, 49, 364, 385, 488
Bax, Arnold, 533
Bayer Sager, Carole, 271
Beach Boys, 50, 339, 498, 537, 538, 619
Beasley, Paul, 413
Beatles, 51–53, 52, 86, 212, 474, 498, 499, 538, 581, 598
and Britpop, 88; and Phil Spector, 604; and the charts, 122; influence of, 50, 53, 79, 86, 581–82; Beausoleil, 101
bebop, 27, 54–55, 69, 139, 198, 320, 247, 424;
and Bud Powell, 54, 487; and Charlie "Bird" Parker, 54, 249, 320; and Charlie Christian, 125, 320; and Dexter Gordon, 54, 255; and "Dizzy" Gillespie, 54, 126, 249, 320; and hard bop, 274; and Max Roach, 534; and modal jazz, 421; and Thelonious Monk, 320, 424
Bechet, Sidney, 197, 294, 320, 443
Beckenstein, Jay, 323
Beecham Opera Company, 56
Beecham Symphony Orchestra, 56
Beiderbecke, Bix, 57, 68, 108, 169, 320, 667;
musical about, 315
Beigel, Victor, 398
Beijing opera, 599
bel canto, 251
bel canto style;
and Joan Sutherland, 620
Bel Canto Trio, 356
bel-air, 106
Belafonte, Harry, 107, 171, 528
Bell, Thorn, 469
Bell, William, 590
Bellamy Brothers, 58
belly-dancing, 267
Below, Fred, 659
Beltrán, Lola, 406
Ben Jor, Jorge, 583
Ben-Haim, Paul, 412
Beneke, Tex, 389
Benin, 13
Benjamin, Benny, 432
Benjamin, George, 461
Bennett, Cuban, 110
Bennett, Tony, 48, 59, 271, 478, 669
Benny Goodman Sextet, 126
Benoit, David, 321
Benson, Bobby, 290
Berbers, 11
Berg, Alban, 60–61, 452, 458, 459, 468, 563, 570, 662;
chamber music, 116; serialism, 563; Wozzeck, 7, 60–61, 78, 202, 251, 452
Bergman, Marilyn and Alan, 271
Bergonzi, Jerry, 94
Berigan, Bunny, 181
Berio, Luciano, 190, 455, 461, 530, 653
Bériot, Charles de, 261
Berkeley, Busby, 211
Berkshire (Tanglewood) Music Center, 351, 392
Berkshire (Tanglewood) Music Festival, 205, 206
Berkshire Symphony Orchestra, 206
Berlin, Irving, 62, 211, 436, 446, 478, 581, 632
Berlin, Moshe, 412
Berne, Tim, 321
Bernstein, Elmer, 63
Bernstein, Leonard, 64–65, 158, 455, 457, 460, 545, 653
Berry, Bill, 532
Berry, Chuck, 66, 160, 161, 228, 279, 538
Bertelsmann, 520
Best, Pete, 51
Beyer, Robert, 190
bhangra beat, 67
Bhatt, V. M., 137
Bhosle, Asha, 306
Bhutan, 597
big band jazz, 68–69, 160, 320, 621, 622;
see also swing
Big Maceo, 603
Big Six record companies, 520
Big Three Trio, 175
Bigard, Barney, 416
biguine, 106
Bikini Kill, 308
bikutsi, 13
Bill Gavin’s Record Report, 122
Bill Haley and His Comets, 270, 512, 541
Billboard (magazine), 121, 122, 162, 228, 478
Billo’s Caracas Boys, 650
Bilson, Malcolm, 34
bird song, and Olivier Messiaen, 404
Birdsong, Cindy, 434
Birtwistle, Sir Harrison, 119, 235, 455, 570
bitonality, 518
Black Beats, 290
black bottom, 159
Black Uhuru, 529
Blackwell, Chris, 391
Blackwell, Ed, 226
Blackwell, Robert “Bumps,” 138, 373
Blair, Michael, 27
Blake, John, 642
Blakey, Art, 10, 71, 92, 164, 171, 274, 275, 321, 424, 573;
and Horace Silver, 71, 578; and Lee Morgan, 428; Jazz Messengers, 71, 274, 275, 304, 321, 392, 428, 573
Bland, Bobby “Blue,” 75
Blanton, Jimmy, 195
Blind Faith, 151
Blinder, Naoum, 607
Blitzstein, Marc, 64, 436, 455
Bloch, Ernest, 533
block voicing, 622
block writing, 26
blocos afro, 83
Blood, Sweat and Tears, 284, 322, 539
Bloodstone, 501
Bloom, Rube, 403
Bloomfield, Mike, 76, 343, 344
Blue Flames, 395
Blue Notes, 594
Blue Room, 474
Blue Sky Boys, 144
Bluebird club, 331
and Bill Monroe, 425
blues, 72–76, 73, 75, 322, 479, 603, 629, 581, 654, 659, 673;
and British beat music, 86; British blues revival, 475; gospel blues, 180
Blues Foundation Hall of Fame, 299, 399, 400, 629
Blues Organization, 475
Bluesology, 327
Blunstone, Colin, 498
Blythe, Arthur, 642
Boatner, Joseph, 309
Bob Cats, 166
Bob Marley and the Wailers, 476, 528
Bobby Doyle Trio, 547
Bobo, Willy, 143
Bock, Jerry, 438
Bock & Harnick, 77
Bodin, Gunnar, 191
Boghetti, Giuseppe, 21
Boito, Arrigo, 504
Bolivia, 20
bomba, 105
bonang, 602
bongos, 556
Bonham, John, 366
Bono, 643
Bonynge, Richard, 620
Boone, Pat, 669
Booth, Joony, 642
bop see bebop
“Boss, the” see Springsteen, Bruce
bossa nova, 83, 326, 247, 358, 361
Boston, 501
Boston Pops Orchestra, 207
Boston Sinfonietta, 207
Boston Symphony Orchestra (BSO), 80, 206, 426;
and Sergey Koussevitzky, 351
Boswell Sisters, 22
bottleneck (slide), 73, 137, 329, 344
Boukman Ekspereyans, 105
Boulanger, Ernest, 80
Boulanger, Lili, 80
Boulanger, Marie Julie, 80
Boulanger, Nadia, 43, 80, 111, 250, 332, 368, 459, 631;
and Aaron Copland, 141
Boulez, Pierre, 81, 119, 168, 235; 396, 404, 460–61, 472, 570;
and electronic music, 188, 191; and the Darmstadt School, 81, 163; and vocal music, 81, 653
Bouncer, Peter, 335
Bourne, Sol, 5
Bowen, Billy, 309
Bowers, Dwight Blocker, 618
Bowie, David, 53, 82, 84, 152, 335, 500, 537
Bowie, Lester, 226
Bowles, Sally, 96
“boxes” of notes, 116
Boyd, Eddie, 673
Bradley, Don, 440
Bragg, Billy, 583
Bravo, Soledad, 650
Braxton, Anthony, 143
Brazil, 83
see also Jobim, Antonio Carlos; Veloso, Caetano; Villa-Lobos, Heitor
Bread, 539
breakbeat, 335
Brecker, Mike, 322
Brel, Jacques, 84
Brendel, Alfred, 85
Brenston, Jackie, 270
Brewer, Teresa, 419
Bricusse, Leslie, 389
Bridge, Frank, 89
Brightman, Sarah, 375
Brill Building, 632
British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), 510
BBC Symphony Orchestra, 510
British National Opera, 56
Britten, Benjamin, 89–90, 117, 205, 454, 461, 552, 652
Broadway (band), 290
Brod, Max, 412
Brooks, Garth, 147
Brooks, Shelton, 640
Broonzy, Big Bill, 73, 75, 76, 91, 180, 400, 673
and Little Walter, 374, and Tampa Red, 626
Brotzmann, Peter, 226
Brouwer, Leo, 358
Brown, Bobby, 303
Brown, Clarence “Gatemouth,” 75
Brown, Clifford, 71, 92, 275, 332, 428, 534, 658
Brown, Dave, 558
Brown, J. W., 371
Brown, James, 86, 93, 161–62, 230–31, 413, 590;
and African music, 14
Brown, Les, 166
Brown, Milton, 674
Brown, Willie, 74, 302, 329, 466
Brown Dots, 309
Browne, Jackson, 582
Brown’s Ferry Four, 637
Brubeck, Dave, 94, 140, 321, 414, 435
Bruckner, Anton, 387
Bruford, Bill, 678
Bryant, Felice and Boudleaux, 201
Buchla, Donald, 188
Buck, Gene, 129
Buck, Peter, 532
Budapest Quartet, 254
Buffalo Springfield, 538
bugaku, 601
Buhlig, Richard, 97
Burma (Myanmar), 597
Burnette, Johnny, 291
Burning Spear, 529
Burrell, Kenny, 275
Burton, Gary, 95, 143, 169, 247
Burtt, Ben, 192
Burundi, 14
Busch, Fritz, 402
Bush, Kate, 240
Busoni, Ferruccio, 377, 453, 458, 665
Busse, Henry, 667
Butthole Surfers, 308
Byrd, Bobby, 93
Byrds, 185, 223, 499, 526, 538
cabaret music, 96
cadence, 106
Cadle, Tillman, 219
Caesar, Shirley, 127
Café Tacuba, 406
Cage, John, 81, 97–98, 149, 278, 417, 460, 599;
and chance (aleatory) music, 16, 98, 163; and “prepared” pianos, 252; and Toru Takemitsu, 625; dance music, 41, 98; electronic music, 189, 190
Cahill, Thaddeus, 187
Cahn, Sammy, 22, 166, 437, 581, 617, 618
call-and-response, 256, 306, 324, 622
callindas, 106
Calloway, Cab, 49, 249, 385, 630
Camacho, Thelma Lou, 547
Cameroon, 13
Campagalliani, Ettore, 467
Campbell, Glen, 146
campesina, 253
Campo Alegre, 253
Campoverde, Juan, 20
Can, 500
canas, 133
Cantometrics, 378
cantoría, 361
cantu, 20
Cape jazz, 593
Cape Verde, 13
Carabello, Mike, 558
Caracas, Frederic, 681
Caravans of Chicago, 127
Carey, Clive, 620
see also Cuba; Jamaica; salsa; ska style
Carlisle, Belinda, 445
Carlos, Wendy, 188
Carmichael, Hoagy, 57, 108, 355, 376, 403
Carnaval, 83
Carney, Harry, 664
Carnival Records, 17
Carpentier, Alejo, 358
Carter, Elliott, 80, 111, 119, 459, 461
Carter, Ron, 165, 284, 421, 642
Carter Family, 31, 109, 144, 218, 291
Carter lick, 109
Carter Sisters and Mother Maybelle, 109
Caruso, Enrico, 112, 121, 248, 397, 636
Casals, Pablo, 113
Cascades, 57
Casella, Alfredo, 207
Cash, Johnny, 109, 114, 146, 325, 353, 581, 643
castanets, 268
Castelnuovo-Tedesco, Mario, 252
Caston, Leonard “Baby Doo,” 175
Casuals, 285
cata, 104
Catlett, Sidney “Big Sid,” 283, 300
Caturla, Alejandro, 358
Cavallaro, Carmen, 419
cavaquinho, 361
Cavemen, 44
CDs, 520
cellists see Rostropovich, Mstislav
Cernick, Albert see Mitchell, Guy
chaabi music, 11
Chabrier, Emmanuel, 517
Challis, Bill, 667
Chaloff, Serge, 247
Chambers, Dennis, 395
Chamblee, Eddie, 658
chance music see aleatory music
Chandler, Bryan “Chas,” 285
Chandler, Ndugu, 558
Changa rhythm, 528
changgo, 600
Changeó, 253
“Changuito,” 381
Channing, Chad, 448
Chapman, Tracy, 583
Chaput, Roger, 197
Charles, Ray, 86, 120, 130, 332, 441, 589
Charlie Johnson’s Orchestra, 110
Charters, Samuel, 299
Chat Noir (club), 96
Chatman, Peter, 400
Chatmon Family, 466
Chavis, Boozoo, 101
Chea, Alvin, 624
Checker, Chubby, 161
Chenier, Clifton, 100, 101, 123
Cherry, Don, 69, 132, 171, 226, 227
Chess, Phil, 175
Chic, 475
Chicago (band), 322
Chicago (city);
and barrelhouse music, 79; and the blues, 75, 91, 659; Chicago jazz style, 320, 621
Chicago, Roy, 290
Chicago Sound, 586
Chicago Symphony Orchestra, 43, 586
Chicago Transit Authority (renamed Chicago), 322
Chicken Shack, 346
Child, Francis James, 217
Childre, Lew, 399
children’s songs, 125
Chile, 361
Choates, Harry, 100
chong-ak, 600
choral music see vocal and choral music
Chords, 179
choro, 83
chorus effects, 19
Chorus of Winged Victory, 356
chouval bwa, 106
CHR (Contemporary Hit Radio), 473
Christian, Charlie, 54, 126, 254, 320, 531
Christie, John, 205
Christie, William, 34
Christy, June, 339
Chudd, Lew, 178
ciblon, 235
Circle, 143
civil rights movement, 354
Clapton, Eric, 66, 87, 151, 266, 329, 343, 344, 346, 391;
and Otis Spann, 603
Clark, Alan, 173
Clark, Gene, 223
Clark, Vince, 445
Clark Sisters, 258
Clarke, Kenny, 54, 126, 423, 424, 487, 534
Clarke, Michael, 223
Clarke, Rebecca, 117
Clarke, Stanley, 143
claves, 358
Clay, Judy, 303
Clayton, Adam, 643
Clayton, Buck, 48
Clegg, Johnny, 171
Cleva, Fausto, 370
Clifford Brown-Max Roach Quintet, 92
Cline, Patsy, 128, 146, 383, 440, 441
Clooney, Rosemary, 463
Cluster, 500
Coasters, 541
Cochran, Eddie, 542
Cocteau Twins, 445
Coe, David Allen, 147
Coetzee, Basil, 593
Cohen, Paul, 440
Coleman, Cy, 131
and Eric Dolphy, 176; and free jazz, 132, 226, 321, 422
Coley, Daryl, 258
Collins, Albert, 150
Collins, Lynn, 93
Colombian cumbia, 133
Colóon, Santos, 153
Colóon, Willie, 70, 134, 556 and Celia Cruz, 153
Colonne, Edouard, 426
Coltrane, John, 55, 71, 135–36, 279, 368, 428; and Elvin Jones, 136, 331; and Eric Dolphy, 176; and free jazz, 226, 321, 421–22; and hard bop, 274; and Miles Davis, 10, 135, 136, 139, 164; and modal jazz, 421; and Thelonious Monk, 424
Columbia-Princeton studio, 190
Colvin, Shawn, 222
combos, bebop, 54
Comden, Betty, 618
Comets, 541
comparósas, 650
compas, 105
computers, 191
aiding chance in composition, 16
concept albums, 538
Concert Jazz Band, 435
conductors see Ashkenazy, Vladimir; Barenboim, Daniel; Beecham, Sir Thomas; Boulez, Pierre; Furtwängler, Wilhelm; Maazel, Lorin; Monteux, Pierre; Stokowski, Leopold; Toscanini, Arturo; Walter, Bruno
conga, 358
Congo, Democratic Republic of, 14
conjunto, 155
Conjunto Matamoros, 427
Connecticut Yankees, 644
Connor, Chris, 339
Considine, J. D., 303
Contemporary Hit Radio, 473
contemporary jazz, 321
contradanza, 154
control rooms, recording studio, 524
Cook, Will Marion, 443
Cool Cats, 354
cool jazz, 55, 139–40, 164, 321;
and Charlie Christian, 126; and Gerry Mulligan, 435; and John Lewis, 423; and Lee Konitz, 139, 140, 350; and Miles Davis, 164, 321; see also Baker, Chet
“cool school,” 247
Coolidge, Rita, 353
Cooper, Alice, 680
Copas, Cowboy, 463
Copeland, Johnny, 150
Copeland, Stewart, 608
Copland, Aaron, 64, 76, 80, 89, 119, 141–42, 217, 351, 459, 460, 617, 653; and dance music, 40–41, 141, 142; and Roy Harris, 277
Corea, Chick, 95, 143, 165, 247, 321, 323, 422, 573
Cornell, Chris, 263
corporate rock, 501
Corraleros de Majagual, Los, 29, 133
corridos, 358
Coryell, Larry, 322
Costello, Elvis, 36, 444, 539, 583, 676
costenas, 133
Cotton, James, 659
Cotton Club Orchestra, 654
Count Basie Orchestra, 48, 332
music’s “outlaw” movement, 325, 353, 581, see also Nashville Sound/New Country
country blues, 76
Country Music Hall of Fame, 9, 31, 109, 269, 544, 637, 674
country rock, 276
Countrypolitan sound, 291
Cousins, Richard, 150
Cowell, Henry, 97, 149, 278, 460
and aleatory music, 16
Cox, Billy, 285
Cox, Ida, 74
Craft, Robert, 615
Cramps, 445
Crawford, Ernest “Big,” 659
Crayton, Pee Wee, 132
Crazy Tennesseeans, 9
Creamfields, 537
Creedence Clearwater Revival, 223
Crests, 179
Crewe, Bob, 224
Crítica, La, 156
Crochet, Cleveland, 101
Crooker, Earle T., 377
Cropper, Steve, 590
Crosby, Bing, 68, 152, 330, 403, 480, 581, 622, 635, 667
Crosby, Bob, 181
Crosby, David, 223
Crosby, Stills, Nash and Young, 223, 499, 538, 582
crossover circuits, 18
crossover market, 258
Crotty, Ron, 94
“Crown Prince of Gospel Music” see Cleveland, James
Crows, 179
crumhorns, 33
Cruz, Bobby, 29
see also Afro-Cuban jazz; Afro-Cuban rhythms; Bauzá, Mario; Cruz, Celia; D’Rivera, Paquito; Irakere; Los Van Van; More, Beny; Pozo, Chano; Sandoval, Arturo
cueca, 362
Cult, 445
Culture Club, 445
Colombian, 133;
Mexican-style, 406
Cure, 445
Curtis, Sonny, 296
Curtis Knight and the Squires, 285
cymbalom, 268
Czechoslovakia; see Janácek, Leos; Martinu, Bohuslav
Czukay, Holger, 199
Daiquiri, 650
Dallapiccola, Luigi, 570
Daltrey, Roger, 668
Damone, Vic, 36
Damrosch, Walter, 158
and Aaron Copland, 141
Damrosch Opera Company, 158
dance music, 159–62, 160; electronic, 192; ragtime, 478; see also ballet and modern dance; cumbia; disco; jungle; tango
“dance music” (1990s version of disco), 162
Dancehall, 528
dancehall style, 514
Daniels, Jerry, 309
Dankworth, John, 54
darabucka, 12
Darbonne, Luderin, 101
and Karlheinz Stockhausen, 163, 609, 610; and Luigi Nono, 449; and Pierre Boulez, 81, 163
Dave and Sugar, 494
Dave Brubeck Quartet, 94
Dave Clark Five, 87
Davenport, Charlie “Cow Cow,” 79
David, Mack, 606
Davies, Dave, 347
Davies, Ray, 347
Davis, Mac, 146
Davis, Miles, 38, 55, 71, 139–40, 164–65, 284, 319, 322–23, 332, 423, 428, 487; and Bill Evans, 200; and “Cannonball” Adderley, 10, 164; and Chick Corea, 143; and cool jazz, 164, 321; and electric instrumentation, 500; and Gerry Mulligan, 435; and hard bop, 274; and jazz-rock fusion, 164, 165, 321, 322–23, 422; and John Coltrane, 135, 136; and John McLaughlin, 395; and Lee Konitz, 164, 350; and Michel Legrand, 368; and modal jazz, 164–65, 321, 421; and Wayne Shorter, 573; see also Miles Davis Quintet
Davis, Steve, 136
Davison, Archibald T., 631
Dawson, Alan, 672
De Koven, Reginald, 457
Dead Kennedys, 507
Dean, Elton, 327
Dearie, Blossom, 96
Debussy, Claude, 167–69, 203, 305, 452, 458, 559, 599, 602;
and Paul Dukas, 182; chamber music, 117; choral music, 652
Deep Purple, 281, 475, 499, 539
DeFrancesco, Joey, 395
DeFranco, Buddy, 71
Dejohnette, Jack, 422
Delgado, Frank, 155
Delius, Frederick, 117, 170, 305, 652;
and Percy Grainger, 260; and Sir Thomas Beecham, 56
Dell Vikings, 179
Delier, Alfred, 33
Delmore Brothers, 144
DeLucía, Paco, 395
Dent Cedric, 624
Denver, John, 146
Dépêche Mode, 445
Depression, 510
Derek and the Dominoes, 151
descarga/montuno vamps, 134, 556
DeShannon, Jackie, 137
Desmond, Johnny, 606
DeSylva, Buddy, 403
Deutsch, Herb, 188
DeVito, Nick, 224
DeVito, Tommy, 224
Devo, 445
Dezelic, Sofia, 85
dhol, 67
dholak, 67
Diaghilev, Sergey, 39, 426, 458, 502, 503, 613
Diamond, Billy, 178
Diamond, Neil, 539
Diana Ross and the Suprêmes, 434, 551
Diaz, Simon, 650
Dibango, Manu, 171
Dick Jacobs Orchestra, 296
Dickens, John and Aida, 620
Diddley, Bo, 66, 76, 172, 538, 543
Dietz, Howard, 564
digital overdrive, 19
digital signal processors (DSPs), 19
Dimensión Latina, 156
Din, Hamza el-, 12
Diplomats, 86
Dire Straits, 173
direct-to-disc technology, 523
Disc Jockey Association, 122
Disney, Walt, films, 125, 182, 212, 367; 611
dissonance, 321
distortion (hard-clipping), 19
“Divine One” see Vaughan, Sarah
Dixie Cups, 369
Dixie Hummingbirds, 413
Dixie Stompers, 186
Dixieland see New Orleans Jazz/Dixieland
Dixon, Willie, 175, 344, 346, 400, 581, 629, 659;
and Otis Spann, 603
see also Freed, Alan
Django Reinhardt Festival, 206
Dodd, Coxsone, 391
Dodds, Johnny, 443
dodecaphonic composition, 563
Dolby, Thomas, 445
Dolphy, Eric, 136, 176, 226, 672
Domingo, Placido, 177, 370, 453, 467
Dominguez, Reutillio, 253, 427
Dominguez, Reutillio, Jr., 253
Domino, “Fats,” 79, 160, l6l, 178, 542
Dominoes, 179
Domnérus, Arne, 54
Donahue, Tom “Big Daddy,” 512
Donaldson, Walter, 336
Donington, Robert, 32
Donovan, 223
donsongoni, 13
Dorham, Kenny, 71, 274, 284, 578
Dorsey, Thomas A., 74, 127, 180, 257, 515, 626;
Dorsey, Tommy, 108, 121, 181, 280, 320, 332, 580, 621
Dorsey Brothers, 415
Dorsey Brothers Orchestra, 181
Downes, Geoff, 678
Downey, Morton, 68
Dozier, Lamont, 432
Dreams, 322
Drifting Pioneers, 637
Drifting Slim, 673
Drinkard Sisters, 303
drug culture, 512
drummers see Clarke, Kenny; Jones, Elvin; Roach, Max; Williams, Tony
du Pré, Jacqueline, 43
Dub music, 529
duff, 12
Duke Ellington Orchestra, 194, 531
dumbak, 14
Dunbar, Sly, 529
Dunn, Donald “Duck,” 590
Dunn, Holly, 547
Duquesnay, Ann, 439
Duran Duran, 445
Durante, Jimmy, 103
Durbin, Deanna, 236
Durey, Louis, 584
Dury, Ian, 444
Dutt, Geeta, 306
DVDs (digital video disks), 521
Dvorák, Antonin, 229, 261, 316
DX-7 synthesizer, 189
Dyani, Johnny, 594
Dylan, Bob, 37, 53, 183–84, 212, 220–27, 324, 498, 499, 537, 538, 544, 581, 582;
and electric instruments, 184, 222, 223; and Woody Guthrie, 265
dynamophone, 187
E. Street Band, 605
Earle, Steve, 544
Early Music revival see authentic performance
Earth, Wind & Fire, 231, 413, 475
East Coast sound, 622
Eastern music, and minimalism, 417
Easton, Sheena, 547
Ebb, Fred, 438
Eckstine, Billy, 71, 164, 332, 435, 621, 646
Ecuador, 20; see also Latin America
Eddy, Duane, 389
Edel, Itzhak, 412
Edge, 643
Edmonds, Kenneth “Babyface,” 497
Edwards, Gus, 103
Edwards, Jonathan, 583
Eguees, Richard, 155
Eimert, Herbert, 190, 372, 609
Eitzel, Mark, 583
El Tri, 406
Eldridge, Roy, 110, 186, 262, 283
Electric Flag, 539
electroacoustic transducers, 18
electronic music, 187–92, 191, 497, 530;
and Edgard Varèse, 645; and György Ligeti, 190, 372; and Herbie Hancock, 273; and Iannis Xenakis, 677; and intonation, 417; and Luigi Nono, 449; and minimalism, 417, see also jungle
elektronische Musik, 190
Elgar, Sir Edward, 193, 205, 357, 460, 652
Elite Swingsters, 594
Ellington, Duke, 26, 59, 69, 194–95, 210, 246, 275, 279, 320, 328, 364, 403, 480, 621;
and Ben Webster, 664; and Johnny Hodges, 194, 294; and Mahalia Jackson, 313; Duke Ellington Orchestra, 194, 531
Ellington, Mercer, 197
Emerson, Lake and Palmer, 499, 500
EMI Group, 520
engineers, recording/audio, 521
England, vocal and choral music, 652
English Beat, 529
English Opera Group, 205
Entwhistle, John, 668
EQ (equalization), 522
Equatorial Guinea, 13
Escovedo, Coke, 558
Estefan, Emilio, 196
Estes, Sleepy Joe, 673
Estrada, Julio Ernesto “Fruko,” 29
Ethiopia, 12
Ethridge, Melissa, 676
Eubanks, Robin, 321
Europe (group), 281
European Community Youth Orchestra, 7
vocal and choral music, 652–53
Eurovision Song Contest, 6
Eurythmies, 199
Evans, Bill, 59, 200, 350, 368, 395, 422;
and cool jazz, 140; and modal jazz, 422
Evans, Elgin, 659
Evans, Herschel, 679
Everly, Don, 201
Everly, Ike, 637
Everly, Phil, 201
Everly Brothers, 201, 542, 358
Everything But the Girl, 335
Ewan, David, 21
experimental jazz, 319
expressionism in music, 202;
and Alban Berg, 60–61; and Anton Webern, 202; and Arnold Schoenberg, 202; and Paul Hindemith, 293
Faddis, Jon, 249
Fairlight Computer Instrument, 189
Fairport Convention, 499
Fairuz, 412
Faith, Percy, 606
Fajardo, Pedro, 381
Falcon, Joseph and Cleoma, 99
Fall, Leo, 456
Falla, Manuel de, 203, 216, 217, 261, 268, 546
Falls, Mildred, 313
Faltskog, Agnetha, 6
famadibana, 15
Fambrough, Charles, 392
fandangos, 216
Farrell, Perry, 537
“Father of Bluegrass” see Monroe, Bill
“Father of Country Music” see Rodgers, Jimmie
“Father of Pops” see Fiedler, Arthur
Fauré, Gabriel, 80, 204, 517, 652–53
Faust, 500
Favors, Malachi, 226
Feather, Leonard, 110, 152, 579, 658
feedback, 19
Feedback (band), 643
Feelies, 308
felahin music, 12
Felder, Don, 185
Feliciano, Cheo, 153
Feliu, Santiago, 155
Fellowes, Edmund, 33
Fenton, George, 210
Ferguson, Maynard, 69, 275, 339
Fernandez, Wilhelmina Wiggins, 450
Ferrante and Teicher, 318
Ferrier, Kathleen, 388
festivals and events, 90, 205–6, 222
Newport Folk Festival, 184, 222, 223; rock festivals, 536–37
Feuermann, Emmanuel, 282
Feza, Mongezi, 594
Fiedler, Arthur, 207
fills, 622
electronic, 192; Indian, 67, 212, 306; spaghetti westerns, 429
films, Walt Disney, 125, 182, 212
Finland see Sibelius, Jean
First Edition, 547
Fischer-Dieskau, Dietrich, 213
Fitzgerald, Ella, 48, 49, 69, 214, 332, 621, 664;
Five Breezes, 175
Five Pennies, 415
Five Royales, 589
Five Stairsteps, 501
Flames, 93
Flanders and Swann, 96
Flatt, Lester, 109, 145, 425, 567
Flatt and Scruggs, 567
Fleetwood Mac, 539
Fleischer, Leon, 426
Flesch, Carl, 560
Fletcher Henderson Orchestra, 25, 71, 110, 279, 664
floreo, 20
Floyd, Eddie, 590
flutter-tongue, 116
Flying Burrito Brothers, 185, 223, 499, 538
Foggy Mountain Boys, 145, 425, 567
Foghat, 501
folk blues, 76
and Béla Bartók, 45–47, 217; and Leos Janácek, 316; and Percy Grainger, 260; and Ralph Vaughan Williams, 647; Romanian, 372;
see also blues; Cajun; folk blues; folk rock
folk rock, 223, 499, 500, 538, 582
Fontana, Fernando, 504
Foo Fighters, 263
Ford, Mary, 463
Foreigner, 501
Forgotten Rebels, 619
Forrest, Helen, 315
forró, 83
Förster, Thérèse, 287
Fortner, Wolfgang, 286
Foss, Lukas, 396
Four Aces, 541
Four Brothers, 247
Four Lovers, 224
Four Seasons, 224
Fowler Sisters, 463
Françaix, Jean, 117
France
chamber music, 117;
vocal and choral music, 652–53
Franck, César, 117
Frank, Jackson C, 582
Frankie Lymon and the Teenagers, 179
Franklin, Aretha, 138, 161–62, 225, 230; 257, 303, 407, 413, 526, 589, 591;
and James Cleveland, 127
Franklin, Elmore, 413
Frantz, Chris, 444
Frau, Dolores, 380
Freddie and the Dreamers, 86, 474
free jazz, 132, 198, 226–27, 321, 421–22;
and John Coltrane, 226, 421–22; and Omette Coleman, 132, 226, 321, 422
freebop, 136
Freed, Alan, 122, 228, 474, 540
Freeman, Bud, 181
Freni, Mirella, 467
Freund, Joki, 54
Frey, Glenn, 185
Frida, 6
Friedhofer, Hugo, 660
Fromell, Samuell, 381
“Fruko,” 29
Fruko y sus Tesos, 29
Fuchs, Robert, 606
Fugazi, 308
Fugees, 516
Fugs, 499
Fuller, Gil, 488
Fulson, Lowell, 123
Funk Brothers, 432
Fuqua, Charles, 309
Furious Five, 516
Furtwängler, Wilhelm, 43, 232, 402
fusion, 95, 164, 165, 322–23, 500;
see also jazz rock
Gade, Nils, 447
Gains, Reg, 439
gaita, 133
Galan, Pacho, 133
Gallagher, Liam, 451
Gallagher, Noel, 451
Galway, James, 233
gambang, 234
Garbage, 263
Garcia, Andy, 146
Garcia, Enrique, 196
Garcia, Jerry, 544
Gardel, Carlos, 627
Garsington opera venue, 205
Gaudio, Bob, 224
Gaye, Marvin, 162, 231, 238, 433, 434, 551
gay up, 106
Gebrauchsmusik, 292
Geldof, Bob, 537
gender, 234
gending, 235
General Levy and M-Beat, 335
Generation X, 507
Geneva Symphony Orchestra, 23
Gengoul, Dominique, 681
Georgia Jazz Band, 515
“Georgia Tom” see Dorsey, Thomas A.
Georgia Wildcats, 637
German, Edward, 456
German rock, 500
Germs, 507
Gerry and the Pacemakers, 86, 474
Gershwin, George, 76, 141, 149, 211, 245–46, 316, 336, 436, 455, 460, 478–79, 632;
and Kurt Weill, 666; and Paul Whiteman, 667; and Walter Damrosch, 158
Gesamtkunstwerk, 208
Getz, Stan, 83, 95; 247, 326, 339, 435;
and cool jazz, 140; and Horace Silver, 578; and Latin jazz, 385; and Norman Granz, 262
Ghana, 13
gharana, 596
Giacosa, Guiseppe, 504
Gibb, Barry, Maurice and Robin, 498
Gibson, Bob, 37
Gid Tanner and His Skillet Lickers, 291
Gigli, Beniamino, 248
Gigout, Eugène, 553
Gil, Gilberto, 83, 326, 583, 648
Gilbert, William S., and Sir Arthur Sullivan, 456
Gilels, Emil, 30
Gill, Vince, 676
Gillespie, “Dizzy,” 59, 69, 249, 262, 279, 368, 385, 416, 487;
and Arturo Sandoval, 557; and bebop, 54, 55, 126, 249, 320; and Chano Pozo, 249, 488; and Charlie “Bird” Parker, 54, 249, 464; and Ella Fitzgerald, 214; and Latin jazz, 249, 364, 505; and Lee Morgan, 428; and Mario Bauzá, 49, 249; and Ornette Coleman, 132; and Quincy Jones, 332; and Sarah Vaughan, 646; and Thelonious Monk, 424
Gillum, Jazz, 91
Gilmore, John, 226
Gilmour, David, 471
Gimpel, Jacob, 252
Gladys Knight and the Pips, 271, 413
glam rock, 500
Glass, Philip, 82, 118, 250, 418, 455; dance music, 41; film music, 209
Glastonbury Festival, 205, 536
Glière, Reinhold Moritsevich, 351
glitter rock, 82
Glyndebourne, 205
Gnaoua, 11
Gobbi, Tito, 251
“Godfather of Soul” see Brown, James
Godowsky, Leopold, 655
Goffin, Louise, 345
Go-Go’s, 445
goje, 13
Golden Earring, 499
Goldie, 335
Goldmark, Rubin, 141
Goldsmith, Jerry, 252
Golson, Benny, 428
Gomez, Eddie, 200
gong ageng, 602
Gonzales, Babs, 550
Gonzáles, Celina, 155, 253, 427
Goodman, Benny, 68, 69, 160, 247, 254, 279, 320, 403, 463, 480, 621, 622, 630;
and Béla Bartók, 47; and Charlie Christian, 126; and Fletcher Henderson, 283; and Harry James, 315; and Henry Mancini, 389; and Peggy Lee, 367; Benny Goodman Sextet, 126
Goodman, Jerry, 323
Goossens, Sir Eugene, 620
Gordon, Dexter, 54, 59, 255, 273, 385
Gordon, Robert W., 217
Gordy, Berry, Jr., 162, 432, 434, 497, 551
Gore, Lesley, 271
Gorka, John, 217
Gorman, Ross, 245
Gorme, Steve and Edie, 622
Gospel All-Stars, 127
gospel music, 256–58, 313, 322, 413; and soul, 161–62, 589; and South Africa, 15
Gospel Music Workshop of America, 257
Gospel Starlighters, 93
Gospelaires, 127
Gossard, Stone, 263
Gossert, Gus, 179
Gould, Glenn, 259
Gould, Morton, 27
Graham, Martha, 142
Graham Bond Organisation, 395
Grainger, Percy, 260
Grand Funk, 501
Grand Ole Opry, 144, 217–18, 494;
and Chet Atkins, 31; and Memphis Minnie, 399; and Roy Acuff, 9, 145
Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five, 476, 516
Grant, Marshall, 114
Granz, Norman, 214, 247, 249, 262, 385, 628
graphic notation, 16
Grappelli, Stéphane, 197, 268, 531
Grateful Dead, 106, 184, 475, 500, 536, 539
Great Depression, 248
Greco, Juliette, 368
Green, Adolph, 618
Green, Al, 138
Green, Freddie, 48
Green, Peter, 558
Green River, 263
Grenada, 104
Grieg, Edvard, 26l
and Percy Grainger, 260
Griffes, Charles Tomlinson, 305, 533
Griffin, Johnny, 364
Grillo, Raul See Machito
Grimes, Tammy, 96
griots, 12
Grofé, Ferde, 245
Groupe de Recherche de Musique Concrète, 677
grunge, 263
guagua, 104
guajeos, 556
guajira-son, 155
guaracha jibara, 105
Guatemala, see Latin America
Gubaidulina, Sofía, 264
Guerrero, Alberto, 259
Guess, Don, 296
Guided by Voices, 308
Guilmant, Alexandre, 80
guiro, 104, 105, 154, 155, 358
guitar
amplifiers, 19; bottleneck (slide)
electronic, 188
Guitar Slim, 75
guitars, blues, 73
Guns N’ Roses, 281
Gurdjieff, George, 411
Gurney, Ivor, 652
Guthrie, Woody, 109, 217, 218–19, 265, 581
Guy Lombardo and His Royal Canadians, 379
gwo kwa, 106
see also flamenco
habanera, 154
Hackett, Steve, 240
baegum, 600
Haley, Bill, 122, l6l, 270, 541
Bill Haley and His Comets, 270, 512, 541
Half Pint, 514
Hall, Rick, 590
Hall of Fame for Great Americans, 592
Ham, Pete, 498
Hammerstein, Willie, 272
Hammerstein, Oscar, I, 272, 394
Hammerstein, Oscar, II, 272, 340, 436–7, 457, 545, 632
Hammond, John, 183, 254, 295, 605
Hammond, Laurens, 188
Hampton, Lionel, 92, 126, 247, 254, 262, 658
Lionel Hampton’s Orchestra, 332
Hampton, Slide, 304
Hancock, Herbie, 143, 171, 273, 284, 304, 323, 392, 500;
and modal jazz, 421, 422; and the Miles Davis Quintet, 165, 273, 573
Hanson, Sten, 191
and “Cannonball” Adderley, 10; and Clifford Brown, 92
hardcore punk, 507
hard rock see heavy metal
Hare, Pat, 659
harmonicas
and the blues, 73–74, see also Little Walter; Williamson, Sonny Boy
Harnoncourt, Nikolaus, 34
Harold Melvin and the Bluenotes, 162
Harris, Chas K., 632
Harris, Emmylou, 109, 147, 276, 676
Harris, R. H., 138
Harry, Debbie, 444
Hart, Lorenz, 211, 436, 545, 564
Hart, Moss, 666
Haslemere Festival, 205
Havana Philharmonic, 49
Havens, Richie, 221
Hawkins, Coleman, 55, 110, 262, 273, 279, 283, 320, 424, 531, 679
Hawkins, Dale, 542
Hawkins, Walter, 258
hayashi, 601
Hayes, Isaac, 590
Hayes, Louis, 10
Hayes, Tubby, 54
Haymes, Dick, 181, 280, 315, 606
Haynes, Roy, 247
Hayward, Justin, 87
headbanging, 281
Hebrail, Jean, 342
Heifetz, Jascha, 282
Hellerman, Fred, 661
Hemphill, Sid, 378
Henderson, Fletcher “Smack,” 26–27, 254, 283, 320;
and Ben Webster, 664; and Benny Goodman, 283; Dixie Stompers, 186; Fletcher Henderson Orchestra, 25, 71, 110, 279, 679
Henderson, Joe, 284, 304, 321, 642
Hendrix, Jimi, 19, 53, 266, 285, 329, 343, 373, 475–6, 500, 536
Henley, Don, 185
Henry, Clarence “Frogman,” 542
Henry, Pierre, 523
Hentoff, Nat, 284
Henze, Hans Werner, 286, 454, 461, 570
Herbert, Victor, 229, 287, 457, 606
Herman, Woody, 59, 69, 320, 403, 621
Herold, Vilhelm, 398
Hess, Willy, 207
hicbiriki, 600
high-fidelity (hi-fi) sound systems, 19
Highway Q.C.s, 138
Highwaymen, 353
Hiller, Lejaren, 191
Hindemith, Paul, 34, 40, 118, 232, 292–95, 458–59, 657;
electronic music, 188, 189; opera, 453; 665
Hindi Remix movement, 67
and jungle, 335
Hitchcock, Alfred, 289
hocketing, 14
Hodges, Johnny, 135, 194, 294, 664
hokum, 626
Holiday, Billie, 262, 295, 664, 679
Holland, Brian, 432
Holland, Eddie, 432
Holland, Jools, 79
hollers, 72
Holly, Buddy, 172, 296, 538, 543, 581;
and Waylon Jennings, 325
Hollywood “symphonists,” 63
Holmes, Jimmy, 309
Holmes, Leroy, 606
Holy Modal Rounders, 499
Honegger, Arthur, 460, 584, 652
honky-tonk, 145
Hooker, John Lee, 73, 75, 76, 298, 526
Hoon, Shannon, 537
Hootenanny (television show), 221
Hopkins, Sam “Lightnin’,” 75, 299, 324
hora, 268
Horace Silver Quintets, 578
Horn, Trevor, 678
Horne, Lena, 300
Horner, James, 210
Horst, Louis, 40
Horton, Walter, 673
Hot Club, 531
Houghton, Philip, 671
House, Son, 73, 74, 302, 329, 378, 466
Houston, Cisco, 265
Houston, Cissy, 303
Houston, Whitney, 303
Howard, James Newton, 27
Howard, Joseph E., 478
Howe, Steve, 678
Howlin’ Wolf, 66, 75, 175, 466, 498, 538
hsaing-waing, 597
hsiao, 600
huayno, 20
Hubbard, Freddie, 92, 136, 176, 226, 273, 284, 304, 672;
and the Jazz Messengers, 275, 304
Huddleston Boys Band, 593
Human Hands, 445
Human League, 445
Humble Pie, 501
Hungarian folk music, 349
Hungary see Bartók, Béla; Kodály, Zoltán
Hunter, Alberta, 283
Hunter, Ivy Joe, 432
hurdy-gurdy, 46
Hurok, Sol, 237
hustle, 162
Hutcherson, Bobby, 176
Hyde, Bob, 179
Hyman, Max, 505
Hype, 643
Ibert, Jacques, 117
Ice T, 332
Idol, Billy, 507
iggawin, 12
Iggy Pop, 82
Iglesias, Julio, 441
Ikengas, 290
Illica, Luigi, 504
Illsley, John, 173
Impalas, 179
impressionism in music, 305, 518
Incredible String Band, 499
indeterminacy see aleatory music
see also bhangra beat
Indigo Girls, 222
Indonesia, 602
Indy, Vincent d’, 485
Infante, Pedro, 406
Ingman, Nick, 27
innovations in modern music orchestra, 339
International Society for Contemporay Music, 206
intonation, and electronics, 417
Intruders, 469
inversion modifications, 569
Iraq, 410
IRCAM, 191
Ireland, John, 652
Iriarte, Enrique “Culebra,” 156
Iron Butterfly, 539
iscatbamiya, 15
Iskrastra, 227
Islamic music, 409 see also Arabs
Israel, 412
Israel Philharmonic, 396
Istomin, Eugene, 607
Ives, Burl, 219
Ives, Charles, 111, 119, 217, 278, 311–12, 458, 460;
aleatory music, 16; choral/vocal work, 119, 653
Ivogün, Maria, 565
J. Geils Band, 475
Jackson, Al, 590
Jackson, Aunt Molly, 219
Jackson, Harold, 309
Jackson, Mahalia, 180, 257, 313
Mahalia Jackson Singers, 127
Jackson, Michael, 314, 332, 476, 501
Jackson, Milt “Bags,” 54, 140, 423
Jackson, Ronald Shannon, 132
Jacobs, Little Walter see Little Walter
Jacquet, Illinois, 262
jali, 12
Jam, 347
Jamaica;
and ragga, 514;
Jamerson, James, 432
James, Dick, 327
James, Elmore, 626
James, Etta, 66
Jan and Dean, 619
Janácek, Leos, 316–17, 453, 458
Janes, Roland, 371
Jansch, Bert, 582
Jansen, Robbie, 593
Jara, Victor, 362
Jardine, Al, 50
Jarre, Jean-Michel, 318
Jarre, Maurice, 318
Jarrett, Keith, 95, 319, 321, 422
JATP (Jazz at the Philharmonic), 262
jatra, 597
Afro-Cuban, 49; and dance music, 160; arrangements for, 26–27; as film music, 210; contemporary, 321; European, 197–98; festivals, 198, 206; influence of jazz rock on, 323; jazz ballet, 39; soul jazz, 274; South African, 593; third stream, 140, 176, 423; traditional (“trad”), 197–98; see also bebop; big band jazz; boogie-woogie; cool jazz; free jazz; fusion; hard bop; jazz rock; Latin jazz; modal jazz; swing
Jazz Age, 443
Jazz at the Philharmonic (JATP), 262, 664
Jazz Cardinals, 442
Jazz Communicators, 284
Jazz Composers’ Orchestra, 69
Jazz Epistles, 594
jazz fusion, 273
Jazz Machine, 331
Jazz Messengers, 71, 274, 275, 304, 321, 392, 428, 573
and Miles Davis, 164, 165, 321, 322–23, 422; and Tony Williams, 672; South African, 594
jazz-funk, 230
J.B.s, 93
Jeff Beck Group, 498
Jefferson, Blind Lemon, 73, 74, 218, 299, 324, 654;
and Albert King, 343; and Leadbelly, 324, 365
Jefferson Airplane, 475, 500, 539
Jennings, Waylon, 146, 325, 353, 441, 583
Jericho (rock band), 58
Jewel, 583
Jilala, 11
Jimenez, Flaco, 137
Jiménez, Jose Alfredo, 406
Jimi Hendrix Experience, 285, 475
Jimmie Rodgers Entertainers, 544
Jimmy James and the Blue Flames, 285
Jimmy Joy Band, 463
jitterbug, 160
Joachim, Joseph, 554
Jobim, Antonio Carlos, 83, 284, 326
Joey Dee and the Starlighters, 161
John, Elton, 327, 407, 475–76, 632
John McLaughlin Trio, 395
Johnny Hodges Septet, 135
Johnson, Alphonso, 558
Johnson, Bengt Emil, 191
Johnson, Budd, 332
Johnson, Edward, 639
Johnson, James P., 194, 369, 655
Johnson, Marv, 432
Johnson, Robert, 73, 74, 329, 466, 581;
and Lonnie Johnson, 328
Jolson, Al, 211, 245, 330, 336, 446, 632
Jones, Allan, 229
Jones, Brian, 548
Jones, Isham, 336
Jones, Jack, 622
Jones, Jo, 48
Jones, Kenny, 668
Jones, Orville “Hoppy,” 309
Jones, “Philly” Joe, 140, 164, 304
Jones, Quincy, 27, 48, 110, 304, 332, 428, 497;
and James Cleveland, 127;
and Michael Jackson, 314
Jones, Ralph, 313
Jones, Thad, 26, 48, 275, 331, 416
Jones, Tom, 333
Jor, Jorge Ben, 583
Jordan, Clifford, 428
Jorden, Al, 166
joropo, 650
Jorrin, Enrique, 154
Joyner, Simon, 583
jug bands, 73
“jump” music, 270
Junoon, 598
kabigan, 597
kabuki, 601
Kagel, Maurizio, 455
kagok, 600
Kahn, Gus, 336
Kakaiku, 290
kalindula, 14
Kallen, Kitty, 315
Kalman, Emmerich, 456
kamalengoni, 13
Kamhi, Victoria, 546
Kandara, 598
Kander, John, 438
kandyan, 598
Kane, Big Daddy, 332
kangen, 601
Kansas, 501
Kansas Joe, 399
Kapp, Jack, 22
Karajan, Herbert von, 338, 493, 565
Kashmir, 597
Kaspi, Mati, 412
kayagum, 600
Kaye, Tony, 678
Kayser, Joe, 68
K.C. and the Sunshine Band, 475
kebero, 12
Kebyar, 602
Keeler, Ruby, 211
Keetman, Gunild, 462
kempul, 234
kena, 20
kendang drums, 235
Kendrick, Eddie, 433
Kennedy, Jimmy, 632
Kennedy, Mike, 346
Kenny, Bill, 309
Kenny Rogers and the First Edition, 547
Kentner, Louis, 657
Kenton, Stan, 69, 247, 321, 339, 350, 385, 435
kepatihan, 235
Keppard, Freddie, 442
Kern, Jerome, 211, 245, 272, 340, 403, 436, 457, 479, 545
ketipung, 235
Ketoff, Paul, 188
Khachaturian, Aram, 341
Khan, Ali Akbar, 596, 597, 598
Khan, Nusrat Fateh Ali, 596, 598
Kibble, Mark, 624
kicks, 622
Kid Ory’s jazz band, 25
Kidjo Brothers band, 342
kiliwali, 597
“Killer,” see Lewis, Jerry Lee
King, Albert, 75, 343, 344, 526
King, B. B., 72, 73, 75, 324, 344, 622, 626
King, Carole, 345, 539, 582, 583
King, Freddie, 346
King, Jack and the Jesters, 309
“King,” see Presley, Elvis
King Cole Trio, 130
“King of Calypso” see Belafonte, Harry “King of Country Music” see Acuff, Roy “King of Highlife” see Mensah, E. T. “King of Jazz” see Whiteman, Paul
”King of Ragtime” see Berlin, Irving; Joplin, Scott
“King of Sheet Music” see Kahn, Gus
“King of Swing” see Goodman, Benny
“King of the Blues” see King, B. B. “King of the Boogie” see Hooker, John Lee
“King of the Delta Blues” see Patton, Charley
“King of the Surf Guitar” see Dale, Dick
“King of the Violin” see Kreisler, Fritz
“King of Zydeco” see Chenier, Clifton
King Oliver’s Creole Jazz Band, 320, 443
Kings of Rhythm, 641
Kingston Trio, 220
Kirby Stone Four, 547
Kirk, Andy, 664
Kirkland, Kenny, 392
Kirkpatrick, John, 312
Kirshner, Don, 632
Kit Kat Club, 96
kizomba style, 14
Klangfarbenmelodie, 116
Kleban, Edward, 439
Kleffel, Arno, 207
Klemperer, Otto, 348
klezmer, 268
Gladys Knight and the Pips, 271, 413
Knight, Marie, 630
Knight, Peter, 87
Knoblock, Eddie, 437
Knopfler, David, 173
Kodály, Zoltán, 45, 46, 217, 268, 349
Koechlin, Charles, 486
Koessler, Hans, 349
Kolax, King, 135
Kolisch, Rudolf, 562
Komeda, Krzysztof, 227
komungo, 600
Konadu, Alex, 290
Kondurov, Aristotle, 677
Konitz, Lee, 139, 140, 339, 350; and Miles Davis, 164, 350
Kool & the Gang, 231
Kool DJ Here, 516
Kool Jazz Festival, 206
Korea, 600
Korner, Alexis, 475
Korngold, Erich Wolfgang, 357, 660
Koussevitzky, Sergey, 64, 141, 206, 351, 393, 631;
and Albert Roussel, 553; and Béla
Bartók, 47; and Roy Harris, 277
Kraftwerk, 445
krar, 12
Krause, Martin, 28
Krauss, Alison, 147
Krenek, Ernst, 453
Kristofferson, Kris, 325, 353, 583
Kroll Opera (Berlin), 348
Krupa, Gene, 126, 186, 435, 621, 621
Kuhn, Joachim, 227
Kula Shaker, 88
Kumar, Hement, 306
Kumar, Kishore, 306
Kumina, 514
Kwast, James, 348
La Faro, Scott, 226
La Manga E’Coleo, 650
La Misma Gente, 650
La Nueva Canción (New Song) movement, 70, 134
La Scala, 102, 112, 177, 338, 380, 450, 565, 620, 636
Labarrera, Manuel, 381
Ladysmith Black Mambazo, 15
LaFaro, Scott, 200
Lafleur, Mayuse, 99
Lagrene, Bireli, 268
Laine, Cleo, 671
Laine, Frankie, 355
Laird, Rick, 323
Lake, Sol, 17
Land, Harold, 92
Landau, Jon, 605
Landowska, Wanda, 33
lang, k. d., 583
Lanza, Mario, 356
Laredo, Jaime, 607
LaRocca, Nick, 443
Larson, Jonathan, 439
Lateef, Yusef, 10
Latin America, 358–63, 362 Andean music, 20; see also Brazil; cumbia; Mexico; Venezuela
Latin Brothers, 29
Latin fusion, 29
Latin jazz, 364;
and Chano Pozo, 488; and Dizzy
Gillespie, 249, 505; and Machito, 385;
and Tito Puente, 505
Latin Percussion Jazz Ensemble, 505
Lavoe, Hector, 134
Law, Don, 440
Lawlars, Ernest, 399
Lawrence, Elliot, 435
Lawson, Rex, 290
Lawson, Yank, 181
Laza y Sus Pelayeros, Pedro, 133
Leadbelly, 73, 74, 217, 219, 365, 378, 581: and Blind Lemon Jefferson, 324, 365
Leadon, Bernie, 185
Lebanon, 412
Led Zeppelin, 79, 86, 281, 366, 475, 498, 537, 539;
and Willie Dixon, 175
Ledbetter, Huddie see Leadbelly
Lee, Bertha, 466
Lee, Curtis, 604
Legal Alien, 134
Legendary Blues Band, 659
Lehár, Franz, 456
Lehmann, Lotte, 398
Leigh, Carolyn, 131
Lejeune, Eddie, 101
Lema, Ray, 342
Lennon, John, 51, 52, 53, 498, 604
Lennox, Annie, 199
Leo Soileau and His Three Aces, 100
Léon, Victor, 456
Leoncavallo, Ruggero, 504
Leonhardt, Gustav, 34
Leopard, Jack, 290
Leplée, Louis, 470
Lerner, Alan Jay, 377, 437–8, 617, 666
Leschetizky, Theodore, 560
Levin, Walter, 370
Levinson, Robert Wells, 635
Lewis, Meade “Lux,” 79
Lewis, Mel, 275
Lewis, Mingo, 558
Lewis, Ted, 159
Lhévinne, Rhosina, 370
Liebezeit, Jaki, 199
Lieder, Frida, 398
Lifetime, 672
Ligeti, György, 190, 372, 455, 461
Light Crust Doughboys, 674
Lightnin’ Slim, 73
Ligon, Willie Joe, 413
Lilly white, Steve, 497
Lindes, Hal, 173
Lindy hop, 160
Lipscomb, Mance, 76
Litani, Dani, 412
Little, Booker, 428
Little, Wilbur, 331
Little Richard, 79, 160, 161; 285, 373, 538, 542
Little Son Joe, 399
Little Village, 137
Little Walter, 175, 374, 626, 659, 673
Little Willie John, 589
Live Aid concert, 537
llanera, 650
Lloyd, Charles, 319
Lloyd Webber, Andrew, 436, 439, 375, 546
Lloyd Webber, Julian, 546
Lodge, John, 87
Loesser, Frank, 437–8, 288, 376, 564, 618
Loewe, Frederick “Fritz,” 377, 437, 457
lo-fi bands, 308
Lollapalooza, 537
Lomax, Alan, 74, 217, 220, 378, 659; and Jelly Roll Morton, 378, 431; and Leadbelly, 74, 218, 365, 378
Lomax, John A., 65, 74, 217, 218, 365, 37;
Lonati, Carlo, 472
London Philharmonic Orchestra, 56
Long, J. B., 629
Long Ryders, 308
Lopez, Orestes, 489
Lopez, Vincent, 159
Lorenz, Frank “the Hound Dog,” 474
Lorenz, Philip, 28
Loriod, Yvonne, 404
Los Angeles, Victoria de, 380
Los Angeles Music Festival, 660
Los Angeles Philharmonic, 396, 680
Los Bukis, 406
Los Melodicos, 650
Los Tigres del Norte, 406
Los Van Van, 134, 155, 381, 556
Lothar & The Hand People, 500
Loudness, 281
Louisiana, and Cajun music, 99, 100
Louvin Brothers, 144
Love, Courtney, 448
Love, Darlene, 604
Love, Mike, 50
Lozano, Wladimir, 156
Lucero, Reyna, 650
Luna, Boris, 381
Lunceford, Jimmie, 275
Lunsford, Lamar Bascom, 217
Lutoslawski, Witold, 16, 116, 217, 382, 461, 570
Lynn, Loretta, 146, 239, 383, 676
Lyttleton, Humphrey, 197
M&M Boys, 428
M-Base, 321
Maazel, Lorin, 384
Mabon, Willie, 175
McCarroll, Tony, 451
McCartney, Paul, 51, 52, 53, 537
MacColl, Ewan, 378
McCorkle, Susannah, 96
McCormack, John, 394
McCoy, Joe, 399
MacDermot, Gait, 438
MacDonald, Jeanette, 229
MacDowell, Edward, 357
McDowell, Fred, 76
Macero, Teo, 497
McFerrin, Bobby, 573
McGee, Dennis, 99
McGhee, Brownie see Terry, Sonny, and Brownie McGhee
McGregor, Chris, 594
McGuigan, Paul, 451
McGuinn, Jim, 223
Machito, 49, 364, 385; and Tito Puente, 505; Machito and His Afro-Cubans, 364, 385
Mack, Lonnie, 76
Mackerras, Sir Charles, 317
McKibbon, Al, 424
McKnight, Claude, 624
McLaren, Malcolm, 506
McLaughlin, John, 165, 198, 321, 323, 395, 422, 500
John McLaughlin Trio, 395
McLean, Jackie, 275, 573, 642, 672
Macon, Uncle Dave, 144, 218, 291
McShann, Jay, 464
McTell, Blind Willie, 73
Mad Cobra, 529
Madagascar, 15
Maddox Brothers and Rose, 291
Maendler, Karl, 462
Maeterlinck, Maurice, 46
Magazine, 445
Magic Sam, 266
Mahabharata, 597
Mahal, Taj, 76
Mahalia Jackson Singers, 127
Mahavishnu Orchestra, 321, 323, 395
mahfil, 596
Mahlathini and the Mahotella Queens, 15
Mahler, Gustav, 202, 305, 357, 387–88, 458, 606, 652;
and Bruno Walter, 656; and Otto Klemperer, 348
Majewski, Hank, 224
makossa, 13
Makowikz, Adam, 227
Malas, Spiro, 454
Malawi, 14
Malawski, Stanislaw, 468
Malcolm, George, 34
Maldita Vecindad, 406
Malkmus, Steve, 583
Malone, Will, 27
Mama Lion, 27
mambo, 155, 358, 489, 505, 555
“Mambo King” see Machito
Mamie Smith’s Jazz Hounds, 74, 279
Manassas, 223
Mance, Junior, 10
Mandrill, 501
Mandyczewski, Eusebius, 78, 560
Mangeshkar, Lata, 306
Mangione, Chuck, 321
Mann, C. K., 290
Mann, Herbie, 83
Mannion, Elizabeth, 450
Mantler, Michael, 69
Mantovani, 27
maqam, 409
marabi, 593
marching bands, New Orleans, 442, 443
Marconi, 510
Marcovicci, Andrea, 96
Mardin, Arif, 225
marinera, 20
Mark, Zane, 439
Markevich, Igor, 43
marrabenta, 14
Marriner, Neville, 426
Marriot, Steve, 498
Marsalis, Branford, 321, 342, 392
Marsalis, Ellis, 392
Marsalis, Wynton, 71, 92; 304, 321, 392
Marsh, Warne, 350
Martha and the Vandellas, 238, 432, 474
Martin, Dean, 152
Martin, George, 497
Martin, Johnny, 413
Martin, Roberta, 257
Martin, Sallie, 180
Martínez, Narciso, 406
maruga, 104
Marvalettes, 432
Mason, Nick, 471
Massi, Nick, 224
Master Musicians of Jajouka, 11
mastering, 522
mathematical music, 677
Matshikiza, Todd, 593
Mauldin, Joe B., 296
Maurinier, Charles, 681
Mauritania, 12
Maxwell Davies, Sir Peter, 461, 570
May, Brian, 508
Mayall, John, 346
Mayer-Eppler, Werner, 190
mazbar, 12
mbaqanga, 15
mbira, 14
Meisner, Randy, 185
Mel, Melle, 332
Mel Lewis-Thad Jones Big Band, 331
Melba, Dame Nellie, 397
Melchior, Lauritz, 398
Melody Boys and Girls, 128
Melody Maker (paper), 633
Melody Makers, 529
Melrose, Lester, 399
Mel-Tones, 635
Memphis Five, 400
Memphis Minnie, 74, 91, 180, 399
Memphis Minnie and Kansas Joe, 399
Memphis rockabilly, 542
Memphis Slim, 91, 346, 374, 400, 603, 626
Mendelssohn, Felix, use of authentic performance, 32
Menotti, Gian Carlo, 40, 42; 401, 455
Mensah, E. T, 290
Mento, 514
Menudo, 406
Menuhin, Hepzibah, 402
Menuhin, Yehudi, 193, 402, 657
Mercer, Johnny, 24, 68, 195, 271, 403
Mercer, Mabel, 96
merchandising, 501
Mercury, Freddie, 508
merecumbe, 133
Merman, Ethel, 446
Merritt, Jymie, 428
Merriweather, Major (a.k.a. Big Maceo), 626
Messiaen, Olivier, 81, 163, 235, 404–5, 460, 609;
chamber music, 117; choral works, 653;
opera, 455
Messina, Joe, 432
metal see heavy metal
Metalheadz, 335
Meters, 231
Metropolitan Opera (New York), 21, 112, 177, 215, 251;
and Bruno Walter, 656; and Gustav Mahler, 388; and James Levine, 370; and Lauritz Melchior, 398; and Richard Tucker, 639
Miami Latin Boys, 196
Miami Sound Machine, 196
Michael Warlop Orchestra, 531
Michael Zager Band, 303
Michel, Paul, 85
Michelangeli, Arturo Benedetti, 408, 472
micropolyphony, and György Ligeti, 372
MIDI, 189
Mighty Clouds of Joy, 413
Mighty Mighty Boss-Tones, 529
Mighty Sparrow, 107
Milanes, Pablo, 155
Milburn, Amos, 130
Miles, Buddy, 558
Miles Davis Quintet, 10, 135, 165, 273, 421, 573, 672;
Miley, Bubber, 194
Milhaud, Darius, 39, 94, 4l4, 458–59, 460, 523, 530, 584, 651;
milhûn, 11
Military-style rhythm, 528
Miller, Douglas, 258
Miller, Emmett, 144
Miller, (Alton) Glenn, 181, 320, 415, 480, 621, 622
Miller, Jimmy, 549
Miller, Johnny, 130
Miller, Mulgrew, 321
Mills, Gordon, 333
Mills, Kerry, 632
Mills, Mike, 532
Mills Brothers, 179
Milsap, Ronnie, 547
Milt Jackson Quartet, 423
and Charlie Parker, 4l6, 464; and Omette Coleman, 132; Charlie Mingus Quartet, 176; the Mingus Big Band, 69
Mingus Jazz Workshop bands, 416
and Steve Reich, 418, 461, 530
Minton’s, 54, 126, 320, 424, 487, 534
Mintz, Schlomo, 607
Minutemen, 507
Miró, Gerardo, 381
mismar, 12
Missing Persons, 445
Mississippi Fred McDowell, 378
Mistinguett, 124
Mitchell, Guy, 419
Mitchell, Joni, 84, 221, 416, 420, 500, 573, 582
Mitchell, Mitch, 285
Mitchell, Roscoe, 226
mixers/consoles, 522
Mobley, Hank, 71, 274, 428, 578
Moby Grape, 500
modal jazz, 55, 164, 165, 421–22; and Miles Davis, 164–65, 321, 421
Modern Jazz Quartet, 71, 140, 423
modern mainstream jazz, 321
Modernaires, 68
Moeketsi, Kippie “Morolong,” 593, 594
Monk, Thelonious, 54, 71, 126, 279, 320, 424, 435, 487
and John Coltrane, 135–36, 424
Monks, 500
Monroe, Bill, 100, 145, 218, 291, 425
Monroe Brothers, 425
Monroe’s Uptown House, 54
Montana, Vincent, 469
Montaner, Ricardo, 650
Monterey International Pop Festival, 206, 536
Monterey Jazz Festival, 206
Monteux, Pierre, 426
Montgomeiy, Bob, 296
Montgomery, Wes, 275
Montreux Jazz and World Music Festival, 198, 206, 332
montunos, 556
Moody Blues, 87
Moog, Robert, 188
Moonglows, 433
Moore, Oscar, 130
Moore, Scotty, 538
Morandi, Gianni, 429
Moraz, Patrick, 678
Morejón, Hugo, 381
Morel, Jean, 370
Morello, Joe, 94
Morgan, Lee, 92, 274, 275, 284, 321, 428, 573
Morganfield, McKinley
see Waters, Muddy
mornas, 13
morna song form, 274
Morocco, 11
Moroder, Giorgio, 210
Morricone, Ennio, 429
Morris, Kenneth, 257
Morris, R. O., 634
Morrison, Sterling, 649
Morrison, Van, 87, 333, 430, 501, 582
Morrow, George, 92
Morton, “Jelly Roll,” 72, 320, 334, 364, 378, 431, 442
Moses Stokes Company, 585
Moss, Jerry, 17
Most, Mickie, 86
Motels, 445
“Mother of the Blues” see Rainey, Gertrude “Ma”
Mothers of Invention, 499, 680
Motian, Paul, 200
motivic improvising, 421
Motown, 162, 238, 314, 432–34, 433, 474, 551;
Mott the Hoople, 82
Mouzon, Alphonse, 642
Move, 86
Movement of the People (M.O.P.), 354
Moye, Farmadou Don, 226
Moyse, Marcel, 233
Mozambique, 14
Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus, 16, 205
MP3 technology, 520
MPB (músicapopular brasileira), 83, 326, 361, 583
mrdangam, 595
Mseleku, Bheki, 593
Muddy Waters Band, 659
Mudhoney, 263
Mukesh, 306
muliza, 20
Mullen, Larry, Jr., 643
Mulligan, Gerry, 27, 38, 94, 139, 140, 350, 390, 435, 635
and Miles Davis, 164
multiphonics, 116
multi-track recording, 523
Mumma, Gordon, 192
Munich Chamber Orchestra, 462
Murphy, Elliot, 500
music video, 476
musica criolla, 650
música popular brasileira (MPB), 83, 326, 361, 583
Musical Theater Workshop, 617
and Harold Arlen, 24; and Irving Berlin, 62; and Leonard Bernstein, 64–65; and Bock & Harnick, 77; and George M. Cohan, 129; and George Gershwin, 245; and Oscar Hammerstein II, 272; and Cole Porter, 485; and Richard Rodgers, 545; and Stephen Sondheim, 587
see also film musicals
Muthers, 680
Muzio, Claudia, 248
Myanmar (Burma), 597
Myaskovsky, Nicolay, 341
mystic chord, 566
Mysz-Gmeiner, Lula, 565
Nance, Ray, 194
Narell, Andy, 157
Nascimento, Milton, 83, 326, 362, 573, 583
Nash, Johnny, 529
Nashville Sound/New Country, 31, 128, 146, 440, 527
Nat King Cole Trio, 622
Nath, Pandit Pran, 417
National Baptist Convention, 256
National Broadcasting Company (NBC), 636
National Folk Festival, 206
see also Sibelius, Jean
nawba, 409
Nazareth, Ernesto, 361
ndingiti, 14
ndongo, 14
Negrete, Jorge, 406
Nelson, Dave, 515
Nelson, Rick, 542
Nelson, Romeo, 79
Nelson, Willie, 108, 146, 325, 353, 441, 558, 583
Neo-classicism, 357, 458, 460;
and Igor Stravinsky, 614
Neo-impressionism, 533
Neu, 500
Neville, Aaron, 544
Nevins, Al, 633
new age sound, 500
New Christy Minstrels, 547
New Country see Nashville Sound/New Country
New Orleans, style of rock’n’roll, 541–42
New Orleans jazz/Dixieland, 54, 441, 442–443, 621
New Orleans Rhythm Kings, 320, 443
new romantic movement, 445
New Vaudeville Band, 644
New York Dolls, 476
New York jazz style, 320
New York Philharmonic, 65, 80, 81, 396
and Gustav Mahler, 388
New York Symphony Society, 158
Newley, Anthony, 44
Newman, Alfred, 252, 446, 606, 660
Newman, Randy, 500
Newport Folk Festival, 378; and Bob Dylan, 184, 222, 223
Newport (Kool) Jazz Festival, 206, 646, 659
Newton, Wayne, 676
Newton-John, Olivia, 146
Ngcukana brothers, 593
ngoni, 12
Ngozi, 593
Nice Jazz Festival, 206
Nico, 649
see also Kuti, Fela
Nighthawk Syncopaters, 186
Nikisch, Arthur, 232
Nirvana, 263, 308, 448, 507, 539
Nitty Gritty Dirt Band, 637
Nitzsche, Jack, 137
Nkosi, Zacks, 593
Noble Sissle’s Society Orchestra, 49, 300
nong-ak, 600
Nono, Luigi, 7, 449, 454, 461, 472
Norman, Gene, 38
Nosowski, Zygmunt, 623
Notorious B.I.G., 516
Notting Hillbillies, 173
Novoselic, Chris, 448
nueva trova music, 155
Numan, Gary, 476
Nuñez, Arturo, 427
Nyro, Laura, 500
Ocean, Billy, 476
O’Day, Anita, 339
O’Farrill, Chico, 385
Ogdon, John, 30
Ogerman, Claus, 326
Ohio Players, 231
Ohlsson, Garrick, 28
Oistrakh, David, 607
Ojai Festival, 206
old time music;
see hillbilly music
Oldfield, Mike, 445
Oldham, Andrew Loog, 27, 497, 548
Oldham, Will, 583
Oliver, Joe “King,” 442
Olivera, Ramon, 505
Om Mane Padme, 598
ondes martenot, 188
Ondioline, 188
One-Drop rhythm, 528
Onyina, E. K. Nyame, 290
Chinese regional opera, 599
Oratorio Society (New York), 158
Orchestra Casino de la Playa, La, 505
Orchestra U.S.A., 176
orchestration, 521
Orchestre de la Suisse Romande, 23
Orchestre Romantique et Revolutionnaire, 34
Orff, Carl, 462
organ, electronic, 188
Oriental Brothers International Band, 290
Original Dixieland Jazz Band (ODJB), 197, 320, 442–43
Orioles, 589
Ornelas, Marta, 177
Orquesta Aragon, 155
Orquesta Casino de la Playa, 489
Orquesta Cubana de Musica Moderna, 157, 557
Orquesta La Protesta, 29
Orquesta Reve, 155
Ory, Edward "Kid," 443
Osadebe, Osita Prince Nico, 290
Osborne, Jimmy, 218
Oscar Peterson Trio, 279
oscillators, 188
ostinato, 79
Ovaltine Show, 511
Owens, Buck, 146
ozan, 409
Pace, Harry, 283
Paderewski, Ignacyjan, 141, 408, 473, 554
Padilla, Alfredo, 156
Page, Jimmy, 19, 86, 87, 343, 366
Page, Walter, 48
Pahinui, Gabby, 137
pakhavaj, 595
Palestine, 411
Palmieri, Eddie, 556
palm-wine music, 13
palos, 216
panpipes, 20
p’ansori, 600
Panufnik, Andrzej, 382
Parker, Charlie “Bird,” 38, 54, 71, 126, 262, 320, 364, 416, 423, 424, 435, 464, 487; and "Dizzy" Gillespie, 54, 249, 464; and John Coltrane, 135; and Lee Konitz, 350; and Machito, 385; and Miles Davis, 164; and Sarah Vaughan, 646
Parker, Horatio, 311
Parker, Maceo, 231
Parks, Van Dyke, 50
Parra, Violeta, 362
Part, Arvo, 418
Partch, Harry, 500
Parton, Dolly, 145, 276, 303, 383, 441, 465, 547, 676
Pass, Joe, 671
Patitucci, John, 143
Patton, Charley, 73, 74; 302, 329, 466, 581
Paul, Billy, 162
Pauling, Lowman, 589
Pavarotti, Luciano, 177, 370, 454, 467
Pavement, 88
Payne, Rufe ‘Tee-tot,’ 669
Pedrell, Felipe, 26l
Pedroso, Cesar "Pupy," 381
Peers, Bill, 128
Penderecki, Krzysztof, 116, 372, 461, 468, 653
Pentangle, 499
People’s Artists, 219
People’s Songs Inc., 219
Peraza, Armando, 488
percussive staccato, 74
Pere Ubu, 445
Peregoyo y su Combo Vacana, 133
Perkins, Luther, 114
Peru, 20
Peterson, Oscar, 48, 130, 262, 279
Peterson, Ray, 604
P-Funk, 231
phase shifting, 530
Philadelphia Orchestra, 206, 611
Philips Electronics, 520
Phillips, Anthony, 240
Phillips, Flip, 385
Piaf, Edith, 470;
and Charles Aznavour, 35
piano
electronic, 188;
“prepared,” 252
Piazzolla, Astor, 627
Pickett, "Wicked" Wilson, 86, 230, 589, 590
Pierce, Webb, 145
pinai, 601
Pink Floyd, 53, 471, 499, 500, 539
Pinkham, Daniel, 653
Pinto, Cesar, 156
p’ip’a, 600
pi-pbat, 601
piracy, record, 520
pirate radio stations, 511
p’iri, 600
Plant, Robert, 366
Platters, 309
playback singers, 306
plena, 105
Poindexter, Buster, 107
Pola, Arrigo, 467
Poland see Penderecki, Krzysztof; Szymanowski, Karol
Pollack, Ben, 415
Pollack, Edward, 515
Polymoog, 188
pomp rock, 501
Ponchielli, Amilcare, 504
pop music, 473–76, 475; see also disco
pop-jazz, and hard bop, 274
Porfi Jimenez Orquesta, 650
portamento, 294
Porter, Bob, 343
Porter, Cole, 39, 211, 436–37, 485, 633
Porter, David, 590
Portugal, and music from Cape Verde, 13
post-bop, 321
postmodernism, 372
post-punk, 444
Poulenc, Francis, 39, 458–59, 460, 486, 584, 652; chamber music, 117
Pousser, Henri, 190
Powell, Bud, 54, 126, 200, 273, 331, 416, 424, 487; and Charlie Parker, 464
Powell, Chris, 92
Powell, Monk, 54
Powell, William, 211
power chords, 281
Pozo, Chano, 49, 249, 364, 488
Pozo, Chino, 488
Prado, Perez, 155, 427, 489, 505
Pratt, Mike, 44
pre-amplifiers, 18
Presley, Elvis, 146, 161, 180; 303, 309, 474, 490–91, 526, 538, 542; and Chet
Atkins, 31; and Leiber & Stoller, 369; and rockabilly, 291; and the charts, 122
Pretenders, 347
Price, Alan, 87
Price, Lloyd, 542
Price, Ray, 441
Pride, Charley, 494
Primal Scream, 537
Primettes, 551
Prince, 162, 174, 231, 333, 476, 495, 501
Prince, Wesley, 130
Professor Longhair, 542
progressive rock, 498
Projection series, 16
Prokofiev, Sergey, 39, 341, 452–53, 459,
choral music, 653
“Proms,” 510
proto-metal bands, 281
psychedelic/acid rock, 275, 538
Public Enemy, 516
Public Image Ltd., 571
Puccini, Giacomo, 248, 452, 504; and Nellie Melba, 397
Puchi, William, 156
Puente, Tito, 153, 385, 505, 556
Pugliese, Osvaldo, 627
Pugno, Raoul, 80
Pukwana, Dudu, 594
p’ungnyu, 600
punk rock, 87, 162, 174, 474, 506–7, 539, 583;
see also new wave
pygmy tribes, 14
Pylon, 308
qasida, 409
Quaife, Pete, 347
Quarry Men, 51
quartal harmony, 293
“Queen of Folk Music” see Baez, Joan
“Queen of Gospel” see Caesar, Shirley
“Queen of Salsa” see Cruz, Celia
“Queen of Soul” see Franklin, Aretha
“Queen of the Blues” see Washington, Dinah
“Queens of the Juke Box” see Andrews Sisters
quenas, 20
Question Mark (?) and the Mysterians, 307
Quicksilver Messenger Service, 500
Quintata, Ismael, 153
Quintette du Hot Club de France, 197; 531
R&B see rhythm and blues
Rabbit Foot Minstrels, 515
Rabbitt, Eddie, 239
Rabin, Trevor, 678
Rachmaninov, Sergey, 115, 352, 357, 460, 509, 566
radio, 479–80, 501, 510–13, 511; and Alan Freed, 228; and big band jazz, 511, 621; and folk music, 217–18; and Walter Damrosch, 158
radio licences, 510
Radio Luxembourg, 511
Radio Normandy, 511
Rael, Jack, 463
Rafi, Mohammed, 306
ragas, 595
Rager, Mose, 637
ragga, 514
ragtime, 62, 442, 478; and Scott Joplin, 334, 442
rai, 11
Rainey, Gertrude “Ma,” 72, 74, 180, 257, 283, 515, 585, 626
Rainey, William "Pa," 515
Rakha, Alia, 250
Rakov, Nikolay, 561
Ramayana, 597
Rambusek, Joseph, 351
Rampal, Jean-Pierre, 233
ranchera, 406
Randall, Eddie, 164
Randle, Bill, 512
Randolph, Boots, 95
Ranglin, Ernest, 528
and heavy metal, 281
Rapp, Barney, 166
Ra-Ra Machine, 105
Ra-ra music, 105
Rastafarianism, and reggae, 529
Rauchiesen, Michael, 565
Ravel, Maurice, 26, 460, 517–18, 647;
and impressionism, 305, 518; chamber music, 117, 652
Ravinia Festival, 206
Ray, Ricardo “Richie”, 29
Rayne-Bo Ramblers, 8
Razaf, Andy, 655
RCA synthesizer, 190
Reading Festival, 537
Realism, Soviet, 561
rebab, 602
Rebner, Adolf, 292
recording rooms, recording studio, 524
recording studios, 522, 523–24
Red Norvo Trio, 416
Redding, Noel, 285
Redding, Otis, 138, 230, 525, 536, 590, 591
reductions, 26
Reed, Lou, 82, 476, 500, 501, 582, 649
Reed, Mary Lee “Mama”, 526
Reeves, Martha, 432;
Martha and the Vandellas, 238, 432, 474
and Bob Marley, 391, 476, 529; and ragga, 514
Reich, Steve, 119, 191, 418, 500, 530
Reinhardt, Django, 110, 197, 268, 279, 531
Reinhardt, Joseph, 197
Replacements, 308
reque, 12
Residents, 445
retrograde modifications, 569
Return to Forever (RTF), 143, 321
Revival, 514
Reynolds, Allen, 239
Rhythm Boys, 68, 152, 270, 667
rhythm and blues (R&B), 75, 123, 135, 150, 178, 93, 228, 286, 322, 540;
and British beat music, 86
Rich, Buddy, 69, 181, 315, 635
Rich, Charley, 146
Richard, Cliff, 44
Richard, Zachary, 101
Richards, Keith, 66
Richman, Jonathan, 501
Richter, Hans, 193
Richter, Sviatoslav, 30
Ridgeley, Andrew, 407
Riegger, Wallingford, 570
Righteous Brothers, 604
Riley, Billy Lee, 371
Rimes, Leonard, 147
Rimsky-Korsakov, Nikolai A., 533, 613
Rinker, Al, 152
Rinzler, Ralph, 101
riot grrl bands, 308
Rising Sons, 137
Ritenour, Lee, 321
Ritmo Oriental, 381
Rivers, Sam, 672
Roach, Max, 49, 279, 304, 416, 534, 573, 658;
and Dizzy Gillespie, 534; and Charlie Parker, 464, 534; and hard bop, 274, 275; Clifford Brown-Max Roach Quintet, 92
Robert Cray Band, 150
Roberta Martin Singers, 127
Robins, 369
Robinson, Smokey, 162, 413, 432, 433, 434, 675
Roche, Pierre, 35
Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, 178, 222, 224, 225, 298, 309, 347, 373, 544, 658
rock era, 512
rock music, 160, 183, 473, 538–39;
and minimalism, 417; art-rock, 499, 500, 501; classic rock, 501; country rock, 499, 538; festivals, 206; folk rock, 223, 499, 500, 538; glam-rock, 500; gospel rock see soul; hard rock see heavy metal; jazz rock, 500; pomp rock, 501; orchestrated, 27; psyche-delic/acid, 275, 473, 538; see also amplification; funk; fusion; New Wave; progressive/art rock; punk rock; rock-jazz; rock’n’roll; surf music; techno rock-jazz, 539
Rockin’ Dopsie, 101
rock’n’roll, 160–61, 473, 480, 540–43, 542;
and British beatmusic, 86; and jazz, 275
Rodas, Arturo, 20
Rodgers, Jimmie, 76, 144, 218, 291, 544; and Ernest Tubb, 638
Rodgers, Richard, 211, 436–38, 545; and Oscar Hammerstein II, 272, 545, 632
Rodrigo, Joaquin, 216, 268, 546
Rodriguez, Albita, 253
Rodriguez, Arsenio, 155, 489, 505
Rodriguez, Edgar “El Abuelo”, 156
Rodriguez, Maria, 650
Rodriguez, Silvio, 155
Rodríguez, Tito, 385
Roger, Aldus, 101
Rogers, Ginger, 211
Rogers, Roy, 6I8
Rolie, Gregg, 558
Rolling Stones, 87, 172, 174, 329, 374, 413, 475; 526, 538, 548–49, 641; and Muddy Waters, 659; and Ry Cooder, 137; and Stevie Wonder, 675
Rollins, Sonny, 55, 92, 164, 274, 275, 304, 321, 331, 550; and motivic improvising, 421
Romberg, Sigmund, 245, 272, 336, 457
Romero, Angel and Pepe, 546
rondador, 20
Roney, Wallace, 140
Ronson, Mick, 82
Ronstadt, Linda, 69, 185, 276, 465
Rose, David, 27
Rose, Leonard, 607
Rosenfield, Monroe 632
Rosenman, Leonard, 209
Ross, Diana, 162, 238, 433, 434, 434, 551
Diana Ross and the Supremes, 434, 551
Ross, Jerry, 437
Rostaing, Hubert, 531
Rostropovich, Mstislav, 90, 552, 657
Rouse, Charlie, 424
Roxy Music, 500
Royal, Isaac, 309
Royal Albert Hall, 510
Royal Opera House, 56
rubato, 408
Rubin, Rick, 497
Rubinstein, Artur, 282, 554, 623, 651
Rufus, 476
Rugólo, Pete, 339
rumba, 358
rumba clave, 555
Run-DMC, 516
Rupe, Art, 138
Rush, 501
Rushing, Jimmy, 621
Russell, Bob, 195
Russell, George, 200, 421, 488
Russell, Leon, 346
Russia
vocal and choral music, 653, see also Prokofiev, Sergey; Shostakovich, Dmitry; Stravinsky, Igor
Russo, Bill, 27
Rutherford, Mike, 240
Rutherford, Paul, 227
Rwanda, 14
Saariaho, Kaija, 191
sagat, 12
Saint-Saëns, Camille, 33, 168, 204, 210
saiyidi music, 12
Sakhile, 594
Salcedo, Freddy, 650
salegy, 15
Salgado, Curtis, 150
salsa, 104, 381, 385, 555–56, 650; and Oscar D’León, 156, 650; and Rubén Blades, 70; and Willie Colón, 134; romantic, 29; see also Arroyo, Joe; Cruz, Celia; D’León, Oscar; Moré, Beny
Salsa Mayor, 156
Salsoul Orchestra, 469
Salzburg Festival, 205
Samaroff, Olga, 611
Samuels, Dave, 157
samulnori, 600
San Francisco Symphony Orchestra, 402
Sand, 500
Sandburg, Carl, 217
Sanders, Pharoah, 226
sanjo, 600
Santamaria, Mongo, 143
Santana, Carlos, 298, 505, 558
Santana Blues Band, 558
santeria, 104
Santiago, Adalberto, 153
sarang, 597
Saroor, 598
Satie, Erik, 98, 210, 553, 559, 584
Saturday Night Fever (film and sound-track album), 174
Sauter, Eddie, 26–27, 247, 254
Savoy, Ann Allen, 101
sawahiK 12
saxophonists see Coltrane, John; Getz, Stan; Gordon, Dexter; Hawkins, Coleman; Henderson, Joe; Hodges, Johnny; Konitz, Lee; Mulligan, Gerry; Parker, Charlie; Rollins, Sonny; Shorter, Wayne; Webster, Ben; Young, Lester
saz, 410
Scalero, Rosario, 401
scales, 569
scat, 214
Schaeffer, Pierre, 189–90, 523
Scherchen, Hermann, 449
Schillinger, Joseph, 187
Schmidt, Timothy B., 185
Schnabel, Artur, 560
Schoenberg, Arnold, 278, 348, 396, 408, 458, 459, 468, 560, 562–63;
and Anton Webern, 662; and chamber music, 116–17; and choral music, 562, 652, 653; and expressionism, 202; and impressionism, 305; and John Cage, 97; and opera, 453, 563; and Pierre Boulez, 163; and serialism, 459, 563, 569; and Sprech stimme, 562
Schon, Neal, 558
Schönberg, Claude-Michel, 436, 439
School for Mathematical Music, 677
Schuller, Gunther, 94, 140, 176, 392, 679
Schuman, William, 653
Schumann, Elisabeth, 348
Schwartz, Arthur, 564
Schwartz, Stephen, 617
Schwarzkopf, Elisabeth, 565, 657
Scorpions, 499
Scott, Ronnie, 54
Scott, Tony, 200
Scriabin, Alexander, 357, 458, 566
Scruggs, Earl, 109, 145, 425, 567
Sculthorpe, Peter, 671
Seagram, 520
Sebadoh, 308
Second Viennese School, 60, 459
Sedaka, Neil, 345
Seeger, Mike, 222
Seeger, Pete, 217, 219–20, 221, 222; 265, 661
Segovia, Andrés, 216, 268, 546, 568, 671
Seibel, Paul, 500
Seifert, Zbigniew, 227
Seis del Solar, 70
Selective Synchronization (Sel-Sync), 523
Selector, 529
Sensational Nightingales, 413
sequencers, 522
serialism, 61, 163, 459, 468, 569–70;
and Alban Berg, 563; and Anton Webern, 163, 459, 563, 570, 663; and Arnold Schoenberg, 563, 569; and Ernest Ansermet, 23; and Igor Stravinsky, 615; and Karlheinz Stockhausen, 609; and Lou Harrison, 278; see also Darmstadt School
Sesame Street (television show), 125
Seventeen Messengers, 71
Sex Pistols, 476, 506, 539, 571, 583, 668
Sexteto Habanero, 155
Sexteto Nacional, 155
shaahi, 12
Shakespeare, Robbie, 529
Shakti, 395
shakuhachi, 601
Shakur, Tupac, 516
Shangri-Las, 369
Shank rhythm, 528
Shankar, Ravi, 136, 402, 418, 572, 596, 598;
and John McLaughlin, 395; and Philip Glass, 250
sharking, 11
Sharon, Ralph, 59
Sharp, Cecil, 217
Shavers, Charlie, 181
Shaw, Woody, 304
shawm, 411
Shearing, George, 95
Shearmur, Ed, 27
shekere rattles, 104
sheng, 600
Sherrill, Billy, 676
Shimmy, 159
Shines, Johnny, 329
shipich’ae, 600
Shirelles, 345
sho, 600
shomyo, 600
Shore, Howard, 210
Short, Bobby, 96
Shorter, Wayne, 304, 321, 323, 421, 428, 573, 672
Shostakovich, Dmitry, 119, 264, 341, 453, 459, 552, 574–75
shout choruses, 621
Shrieve, Mike, 558
shuffle rhythm, 621
Shuman, Mort, 84
Sibelius, Jean, 210, 305, 357, 460, 576–77
Siebel, Paul, 583
Sierra Leone, 13
and highlife, 290
siguiriyas, 216
sip, 600
Silhouettes, 179
Sill, Lester, 369
Silver, Horace, 54, 71, 247, 274–75, 284, 321, 578
Horace Silver Quintets, 578
Silvester, Frederick, 259
Simmons, Russell, 516
Simon, Carly, 271
Simon, Paul, 171, 413, 500, 582
Simone, Nina, 579
Simple Minds, 537
Simpson, Valerie, 434
simsimaya, 12
Sinatra, Frank, 69, 108, 152, 332, 480, 580, 581, 618, 621, 643;
and Cy Coleman, 131; and Dick Haymes, 280; and Harry James, 315; and the charts, 121, 122; and Tommy Dorsey, 181; and Tony Bennett, 59
singer-songwriters, 581–83, 582
single-string arpeggios, 324
Síntesis, 253
Siouxsie and the Banshees, 445
Six, Les, 117, 414, 486, 559, 584, 652
sixteens, 79
Size, Roni, 335
ska style, 528
Skaggs, Ricky, 101
Skank rhythm, 528
Skatelites, 529
Sklar, Rick, 512
Skolyszewski, Franciozek, 468
Sky, 671
slam dancing, 162
slavery and Caribbean music, 104, 106;
and Cuban music, 154; and the blues, 72; and Venezuelan music, 650; slave songs, 320
Sleater-Kinney, 308
slide (bottleneck), 73, 137, 329, 344
Sloan, Henry, 466
Sly and the Family Stone, 231, 475, 501, 536, 539
Small, Millie, 528
Smallwood, Richard, 258
Smith, Bessie, 74, 283, 585, 655
Smith, Bill, 94
Smith, Carson, 38
Smith, Clarence “Pine Top,” 79
Smith, Fred, 444
Smith, Jabbo, 186
Smith, Johnny, 247
Smith, Kate, 479
Smith, Robert, 82
Smith, Willie “the Lion,” 294, 315
Smith, Wilson, 299
Smoky Mountain Boys, 9
Snowden, Elmer, 622
soca, 107
sodina, 15
Soft Cell, 445
Soft Machine, 500
sog-ak, 600
Sojo, Vicente Emilio, 650
soleares, 216
Solovox, 188
son caribeño, 29
son clave, 555
Son del Solar, 70
son jarocho, 406
Sondheim, Stephen, 288, 437–38, 455, 545, 587, 618
song pluggers, 478
songo, 155
Songwriters’ Hall of Fame, 617
Sonic Youth, 308
son-montuno, 155
Sonora Dinamita, La, 133
Sonora Matancera, La, 153, 155
son-pregon, 155
Sony, 520
Sosa, Mercedes, 588
soul, 162, 589–91; and Ray Charles, 120;
and Sam Cooke, 138
Soul Asylum, 263
“Soul Brother Number One” see Brown, James
Soul Giants, 680
soul jazz, 274
Soul Stirrers, 138
Soundgarden, 263
South, Eddie, 531
South Africa, 14–15 jazz, 593–94
Souther-Hillman-Furay, 223
Sovine, Red, 494
Spaghetti Westerns, 429
Spain
flamenco, 216, 267–68; see also Albéniz, Isaac; Falla, Manuel de; Granados, Enrique
Spandau Ballet, 445
Spaulding, James, 304
Specht, Paul, 159
Spector, Phil, 474, 497, 604, and the Beach Boys, 50
Sphinx, 342
Spice Girls, 476
Spike’s Seven Pods of Pepper Orchestra, 443
Spirit, 500
spirituals, 320
Spivey, Victoria, 74
sprechgesang, 562
sprechstimme, 452, 468, 562, 680
Springfield, Dusty, 368
Springsteen, Bruce, 500, 539, 583, 605
Spyro Gyra, 323
Squire, Chris, 678
Sri Lanka, 598
Stafford, Jim, 58
standing waves, 524
Stanko, Tomas, 227
Stark, John, 334
Starr, Kay, 463
Status Quo, 79
Stax record label, 590
Steber, Eleanor, 42
steel drums or pans, 107
Steele, Tommy, 44
Steeleye Span, 499
Stein, Chris, 444
Stein, Leo, 456
Steinberg, Lewis, 590
Steinecke, Wolfgang, 163
Steppenwolf, 281
Steppers rhythm, 528
stereophonic reproduction, 523
Stern, Isaac, 607
Steve Miller Band, 475
Steward, Herbie, 247
Stewart, Bill, 512
Stewart, Chris, 240
Stewart, Dave, 199
Stewart, Rod, 174
Stiff Little Fingers, 507
Stipe, Michael, 532
Stitt, Sonny, 92, 262, 424, 487
Stockhausen, Karlheinz, 16, 81, 191, 235, 417, 449, 461, 609–10; electronic music, 190, 191, 372, 460; 570, 609–10, 653; opera, 455, 610; serialism, 609; Darmstadt School, 163, 609, 610
Stolz, Robert, 456
Stooges, 499
Stordahl, Axel, 580
Strakosch, Maurice, 397
Straus, Oscar, 456
Strauss, Johann II, 456
Strauss, Richard, 193, 357, 452, 458, 460, 612; and Karl Böhm, 78; influence on Bartók, 45
Stravinsky, Igor, 118, 305, 357, 393, 396, 458, 459, 460, 468, 613–15; and Baroque, 34; and Ernest Ansermet, 23; and Pierre Monteux, 426; choral music, 614, 653; dance music, 39, 40, 613–14; opera, 453, 454, 614, 615
Streisand, Barbra, 96, 212, 353, 368, 616;
and Marvin Hamlisch, 271
stride, 194
string portamento, 34
Strong, Barrett, 432
Strunz and Farah, 268
Stubbs, Levi, 433
Stylistics, 469
Styx, 501
Sudan, 12
Sufiana kalam, 597
Sugar Hill Gang, 162, 476, 516
Suicide, 444
Sulim, 412
Sullivan, Big Jim, 86
Sullivan, Niki, 296
Summers, Andy, 608
Sun Studios, 524
Super Cat, 514
Supergrass, 88
Suppé, Franz von, 456
Supremes, 161–62, 433, 474, 551
surf music, 619;
and the Beach Boys, 50
surf punk. 619
surf rock, 538
Surfaris, 538
Sutcliffe, Stewart, 51
Sutherland, Dame Joan, 454, 467, 620
suwudan, 234
Swan Silvertones, 413
Swarovsky, Hans, 396
Sweatman, Wilbur C, 159
sweet bands, 622
Sweet Inspirations, 303
Sweet Talks, 290
swing, 54, 68, 160, 320, 443, 479, 621–22
swing music, 315;
see also big band jazz; Dorsey, Tommy; Eldridge, Roy; James, Harry
symphonic poems, 612
synth-pop, 445
synthesizers, 188–89, 192, 445, 522
Szell, Georg, 370
Szigeti, Joseph, 665
T. Rex, 500
taarab, 14
Tad, 263
taegum, 600
Tailleferre, Germaine, 584
talas, 595
Talley, James, 583
tambora, 105
tambores, 133
tambour, 106
Tampa Red, 74, 180, 374, 626, 673
Tanglewood Music Center, 351, 392
tango nuevo, 627
Tankard, Ben, 105
Tanzania, 14
tape manipulation, 285
tape recorders, 189
Tarplin, Marv, 432
Tatum, Art, 237, 247, 262, 622, 628
Tauber, Richard, 456
Taupin, Bernié, 327
taverna sound, 410
Taylor, Cecil, 321
Taylor, Eddie, 526
Taylor, James, 420, 538, 582, 632
Taylor, Johnnie, 138
Taylor, Mick, 548
Taylor, Roger, 508
Tchaikovsky, Peter Ilych, 39, 158
Te Kanawa, Kiri, 492
Teagarden, Jack, 68, 108, 247, 415
Tears for Fears, 445
Tebaldi, Renata, 177
techno rock, 539
Teddy Bears, 86
Teddy Hill’s Orchestra, 249
teleharmonium, 187
Television (band), 444
television, beginning of, 511
Tempos, 290
Temptations, 161–62, 231, 433, 434
Ten Years After, 501
Tennessee Crackerjacks, 9
Tennessee Tomcats, 637
Tennessee Two, 114
Terry, Richard, 33
Terry, Sonny, 365;
and Brownie McGhee, 76, 219, 629
Tertis, Lionel, 657
“Texas Cannonball” see King, Freddie
Texas Playboys, 674
Texas Troubadours, 638
Tex-Mex, 406
text-sound compositions, 191
Thailand, 601
thao, 601
Tharpe, “Sister” Rosetta, 630
Theremin, Léon, 187
Thibaud, Jacques, 113
Thomas, David, 624
Thomas, Rufus, 590
Thompson, Hank, 637
Thompson, Richard, 101, 499, 583
Thompson Twins, 445
Thornhill, Claude, 139, 350, 435
Thornton, “Big Mama,” 369
Thorogood, George, 172
Three Choirs Festival, 205
Three Tunes, 296
ti, 600
Tibet, 597
Tietjen, Heinz, 213
Tiger, 514
Tijuana Brass, 17
Tilzer, Harry von, 632
timbales, 556
timbila, 14
Time Warner, 520
“time-no changes,” 165
Tin Machine, 82
Tippett, Sir Michael, 117, 454, 461, 634
Tito Puente Orchestra, 153, 556, 622
Tizol, Juan, 194
Tjader, Cal, 94
Toch, 189
Tommy Scott and the Senators, 333
Tomorrow, 499
tone poems, 612
tone-clusters, 149
Tony Williams’ Lifetime, 672
Toots and the Maytals, 528
Toscanini, Arturo, 56, 158, 301, 388, 636
Tosh, Peter, 528
total serialism, 449
toyos, 20
Tramps, 162
transcription, 26
transducers
electroacoustic, 18
Traubel, Helen, 398
trautonium, 188
travelling musicians, Middle Eastern, 411–12
Travis, Merle, 637
Travis, Randy, 676
Travis picking, 637
Treadwell, George, 646
Tremeloes, 87
Trentini, Emma, 457
Tribal Gathering, 537
Trinity, 395
Tristano, Lennie, 139, 321, 350, 464
Troggs, 87
Troilo, Anibal, 627
tropical music, 133
Tropicália, 648
Trumbauer, Frankie, 57, 68, 110, 667
trumpeters see Brown, Clifford; Davis, Miles; Gillespie, Dizzy; Hubbard, Freddie; James, Harry; Marsalis, Wynton; Morgan, Lee; Navarro, Fats
Tubb, Ernest, 144, 145, 383, 581, 638
Tubeway Army, 445
Tucker, Maureen “Mo,” 649
Tucker, Richard, 639
Tucker, Sophie, 640
Tucker, Tommy, 435
tumba, 555
tumbao, 555
Turner, Big Joe, 74
Turner, Ike, 641
Turner, Steve, 263
Turpin, Tom, 478
tweeters, 18
twist, 161
Twitty, Conway, 383
Tyner, McCoy, 69, 136, 321, 331, 642
ud, 409
Uglys, 86
Uhurus, 290
Ukwu, Celestine, 290
Ulloa, Francisco, 105
Ultra vox, 445
Ulvaeus, Bjorn, 6
umunabi, 14
Un Solo Pueblo, 650
Uncle Tupelo, 308
Undertones, 507
United Nations Orchestra, 249
United Services Organization (USO), 22
United States of America, 500;
vocal and choral music, 653
Univox, 188
Urbaniak, Michal, 227
urtexts, 32
Usatov, Dimitri, 115
Valdés, Bebo and Chucho, 157
Valdes, Carlos, 488
Valdéz, Jesus “Chucho,” 310, 557
Valdes, Miguelito, 488
Valentine, Gerald, 27
Valentinos, 138
Valli, Frankie, 224
valse, 650
van Alstyne, Egbert, 336
Van Dyke, Dick, 617
Van Dyke, Earl, 432
Van Eaton, Jimmy, 371
Van Halen, Eddie, 281
Vangelis, 678
Vanilla Fudge, 499
Varèse, Edgard, l63, 189, 460, 523, 645
Vargas, Chavela, 406
Varona, Jorge, 310
Vasconcelos, Nana, 227
Vaughan, Sarah, 48, 92, 237, 332, 390, 646;
Vaughan, Stevie Ray, 76, 266, 343
Vaughan Williams, Ralph, 117, 217, 357, 387, 647, 652;
and Gustav Holst, 297
veena, 595
Vega, Suzanne, 583
“Velvet Frog” see Tormé, Mel
Velvet Underground, 82, 476, 499, 500, 649
Venezuela, 650
Ventura, Johnny, 105
Ventures, 539
Verdad, La, 29
Verela, Carlos, 155
Verve (label), 284
vibraphone, 95
vibrato, 140
Victor Talking Machine Company, 509
Vidal, Paul, 80
vidala, 362
videos, guitar-teaching, 31
Vidusso, Carlo, 472
Vienna Philharmonic, 7
Vierne, Louis, 80
Vig, Butch, 263
Village People, 475
Vines, Ricardo, 486
Vinson, Eddie “Cleanhead,” 135
violinists see Stern, Isaac
Vishnevskaya, Galina, 552
vocal and choral music, 652–53
Voices of Tabernacle, 127
Wagoner, Porter, 465
Wailers, 391
Wainright, Loudon, III, 500, 583
Wakeman, Rick, 678
Waldron, Mal, 416
Walker, Billy, 441
Walker, Lawrence, 100
Walker, Sammy, 500
Walker, T-bone, 73, 75, 324, 654
Wall, Jeremy, 323
Wall of Sound, 604
Wall of Voodoo, 445
Wallace, Richard, 413
Waller, Fats, 655
Wallich, Glen, 403
Walsh, Joe, 185
Walter, Bruno, 64, 78, 387–88, 402, 586, 656
Walter, George, 213
Walton, Sir William, 461, 652, 657
War, 231
Ward, Helen, 254
Wardlow, Jack, 367
Warfield, William, 493
Waring, Fred, 68
Warren, Mervyn, 624
Was, Don, 497
Washboard Band, 400
Washboard Sam, 91
Washington, Dinah, 658
Washington, Grover, 323
Washingtonians, 194
was bint, 12
Waters, Daryl, 439
Waters, Ethel, 283
Waters, Muddy, 66, 73, 75, 175, 346, 378, 498, 581, 659, 673;
and Big Bill Broonzy, 91; and Little Walter, 374; and Otis Spann, 603; and Son House, 302; Muddy Waters Band, 659
Waters, Roger, 471
Watson, Ivory, 309
Watts, Jeff, 392
Waxman, Franz, 660
wayang kulit, 602
Waylors, 325
Wayne Fontana and the Mindbenders, 86
Webern, Anton, 167, 459, 662–63;
and Arnold Schoenberg, 662, 663; and atonal music, 458; and chamber music, 116; and serialism, 163, 563, 570, 663
Weckl, Dave, 143
Weidler, George, 166
Weill, Kurt, 96, 436, 453, 455, 456, 665
Weingartner, Felix, 232
Weissenborn, Hermann, 213
Welborn, Larry, 296
Welch, Gillian, 217
West, Dottie, 547
West Coast bands, 500
West Coast Jazz and cool jazz, 435
West Coast sound, 622
western swing, 144
Westlake, Nigel, 671
Weston, Kim, 238
Wexler, Jerry, 173, 225, 590, 591
Weymouth, Tina, 444
Wham!, 407
White, Alan (Oasis), 451
White Alan (Yes), 678
White, Bukka, 344
White, George, 606
White, John, 418
White, Robert, 432
Whiteman, Paul, 68, 152, 159, 181, 245, 403, 622, 667;
orchestra, 57
Whitfield, Weslia, 96
Whiting, Richard, 403
Who, The, 87, 88, 212, 475, 498, 536, 538, 668
Wien Modern festival, 7
Williams, “Cootie,” 126, 194, 487
Williams, Hank, 9, 100, 144, 145, 441, 581, 669
Williams, Irene, 356
Williams, John (composer), 670
Williams, John (guitarist), 546, 671
Williams, Mary Lou, 71
Williams, Paul, 434
Williams, Roger, 318
Williams, Tony, 176, 284, 323, 331, 500, 672;
and the Miles Davis Quintet, 165, 273, 421, 672
Williamson, Sonny Boy, 91, 374, 400, 626, 673
Willie Lewis’s Orchestra, 110
Willis, Eddie, 432
Wills Fiddle Band, 674
Wilson, Carl, 50
Wilson, Dennis, 50
Wilson, Gerald, 275
Wilson, Meredith, 437
Wilson, Sandy, 437
Wilson, Teddy, 126, 254, 295, 300, 622
WIM, 198
Winding, Kai, 424
Winter, Johnny, 629
Winwood, Muff, 173
Winwood, Steve, 87
Wishbone Ash, 499
Withers, Pick, 173
Wolf, Hugo, 387
W.O.M.A.D. Festivals, 537
Wonder, Stevie, 162, 231, 327, 434, 624, 675
Wood, Henry, 387
Wood, Ronnie, 548
Woods, Phil, 332
Woodstock Festivals (1969): 206, 475, 536, 558, (1994): 537
Woodward, Mark, 333
woofers, 18
festivals, 332
World War I; and barrelhouse music, 79; and popular music, 478–79; and radio, 510
World War II;
and Cajun music, 100; and country music, 145; and radio, 511; and the swing era, 69
Wozzeck, 7, 60–61, 78, 202, 251
Wright, Eugene, 94
Wright, Rick, 471
Wuorinen, Charles, 190
Wurlitzer, 188
Wynn, Al, 515
X, 445
Yale Collegians, 644
Yancey, Jimmy, 79
Yardbirds, 87, 151, 172, 366, 475, 498
Yazoo, 445
Yemen, 411
Yepes, Narcisco, 546
Yoakam, Dwight, 544
Yordano, 650
Youmans, Vincent, 211
Young, Faron, 441
Young, LaMonte, 417
Young, Larry, 323
Young, Lester, 48, 54, 55, 139, 262, 423, 664, 679;
and Billie Holiday, 295
Young Family Band, 664
Yo-Yo-Ma, 607
Yule, Doug, 649
Yupanqui, Atahualpa, 588
Zabaletta, Nicholas, 546
Zaire, 290
Zambia, 14
zampoña, 20
Zanzibar, 14
zarb, 410
Zawinul, Joe, 10, 321, 323, 422, 573
Zemlinsky, Alexander, 562, 663
zbeng, 600
Ziloti, Alexander, 509
Zimmermann, Bernd Alois, 454
Zinman, David, 426
Zouk Allstars, 681
Zouk Machine, 681
Zuluboy Cele, 593
zurkhane, 410
“Zydeco King” see Chenier, Clifton
Z.Z. Top, 76