A
Abakanowicz, Magdalena, 539, 542
Abbasid Caliphate, 216
abbeys, 252
Aborigines, 520
Abstract Expressionism, 419–420
abstraction, 403
academies, 362
acrylic paint, 538
action paintings, 419, 425, 555
active brushwork, 471
Adam and Eve (Dürer), 288
Adoration of the Magi (painting), 193
African art, 499–513
architecture, 502–503
artistic life, 501
background, 500–501
patronage, 501
sculpture, 503–512
Ashanti, 505
Bamileke, 511–512
Baule, 507–508
Benin, 504–505
Chokwe, 508–509
Fang, 512
Igbo, 510
Kongo, 507
Kuba, 506–507
Luba, 510–511
Mende, 509
Yoruba, 512–513
agora, 157
‘Ahu ‘ula, feather cape, 523, 530
Aka elephant mask, 511–512
Akhenaton, 124
Akhenaton, Nefertiti, and three daughters, New Kingdom, Amarna, 127, 133–134
Alberti, Leon Battista, 299, 300
Alcazaba, 227
Alexander Mosaic from the House of Faun (mosaic), 157, 182
Alexander the Great, 142
Alhambra, 227
Allegory of Law and Grace (Lucas Cranach the Elder), 290
All-T’oqapu tunic, 490–491
Altar of Zeus and Athena at Pergamon, 154
Amarna style, 135
ambulatories, 196, 197, 247, 252
Ambum Stone, 98
American slave art, 544
amphiprostyle, 157
Analects, The, 451
Anasazi, ancient ones, 483
Anatsui, El, 552–553
Anavysos Kouros, 143
ancestor sculptures, 500
Ancient Mesoamerican art, 477
Ancient Near Eastern art, 109–117
artistic life, 110
Assyrian art, 115
Babylonian art, 114–115
background, 110
differences between prehistoric world, 110–111
patronage, 110
Persian art, 116–117
Sumerian art, 111–114
ancient puebloans, 483–484
Andean art, 478
Andokides, 155
Androgyne III (Abakanowicz), 542
And There’s Nothing to Be Done (Goya), 371
Angel with Arquebus, Asiel Timor Dei (painting), 344
Angkor Wat, 440–441
ankh, 135
Annunciation, 291
Annunciation, The (painting), 192
Annunciation Triptych (Merode Altarpiece), 285, 286
Anthemius of Tralles, 203, 204
anthropomorphic, defined, 104
anthropomorphic stele, 97, 105
Antwerp, Belgium, 284
Apadana, 116
Apocalypse, 266
Apollo 11 stones, 100
Apollodorus of Damascus, 179
Apollo from Veii (Vulca), 167
apotropaic, 117
apprenticeships, 216
aquatint, 390
Arabic alphabet, 217
Arabic numerals, 217
archaeologists, 96
archaeology, 104
Archaic period, 155
Archaic smile, 143
arches, Roman, 175
archetypal pyramids, 125
archipelago, 466
architecture, 369–370
African, 502–503
Baroque, 327–330
Byzantine, 203–205
Chinese and Korean, 452–453
Contemporary, 536–538
early and mid-twentieth-century, 414–417
International Style, 415–417
Prairie Style, 414–415
Early Christian, 195–197
Early Renaissance, Italy, 298–300
Egyptian, 125–126
Etruscan, 164–165
Gothic, 259–261
Greek, 150–155
Hindu, 439–441
Islamic, 222–230
Japanese, 467–470
late ninteenth century, 394–395
Mannerist, 318
Neoclassical, 359
Postmodern, 424
prehistoric, 103–104
Roman, 175–178
Romanesque, 247–248
archivolt, 252
Arch of Titus, 176
Ardabil Carpet, The, 219
Arena (Scrovegni) Chapel, 275
Armory Show, 403
Arnolfini Portrait (Van Eyck), 287–288
art galleries, 385
artistic impulses, 556
artistic life
African art, 501
Ancient Near Eastern art, 110
art of the Americas, 479–480
Baroque art, 326
Byzantine art, 203
Chinese and Korean art, 451
early- and mid-twentieth-century art, 403
Early Medieval art, 236
Early Renaissance, Italy, 298
Egyptian art, 125
Gothic art, 258
Greek art, 142
High Renaissance, 310
Indian art, 432
Islamic art, 216
Japanese art, 466
Late Antique art, 192
late-ninteenth-century art, 384–385
Neoclassicism, 355
New Spain art, 342
Pacific art, 521
Rococo, 355
Roman art, 175
Romanesque art, 246
Romanticism, 368–369
Southeast Asian art, 432
artistic overseers, 125
Art Nouveau, 393–394
art of the Americas, 477–493
ancient puebloans, 483–484
artistic life, 479–480
Aztec, 485–487
background, 479
Chavín, 480–481
Inkan, 487–491
Mayan, 481–483
Mississippian, 484–485
North American Indian, 491–494
patronage, 479–480
ascetic, 432
Ashanti (sculpture), 505
ashlar masonry
defined, 186
Hindu architecture, 440
Inkan architecture, 487
Roman architecture, 175
Asian art. See Indian art; See Southeast Asian art; See Chinese and Korean art
Asian wood-block techniques, 542
Assyrian art, 115
ateliers, 203
Athena goddess, 158
Athena (sculpture), 149
Athenian Agora, 152
atlantids, 158
atmospheric perspective, 181, 286
Aton god, 124
atrium
defined, 186
Early Christian architecture, 195
Roman architecture, 176
Attila the Hun, 236
Aubrey Holes, 103
Audience Hall, 116
Augustus of Prima Porta (sculpture), 184
AutoCAD, 536
avant-garde artists
American, 419
defined, 396
early and mid-twentieth-century, 403
Impressionism, 388
late ninteenth century, 384
axial plan
Early Christian architecture, 196
Aztecs, 477
art, 485–487
feather headdress, 487
B
Babylonian art, 114–115
Babylonian Captivity, 258
Bahram Gur Fights the Karg (painting), 221
Baptism of Jesus (painting), 193
baptistery, 252
barbershops, 547
barkcloth, 521
Baroque art, 325–337
architecture, 327–330
artistic life, 326
background, 326
New Spain, 341
painting and sculpture, 330–337
Dutch Baroque, 335–337
Flemish Baroque, 334–335
Italian Baroque, 331–333
Spanish Baroque, 333–334
patronage, 326
Barry, Charles, 369
Basilican plan, 197
basilicas
Early Christains, 196
Basquiat, Jean-Michel, 540–541
Bayeux Tapestry, 249, 251, 253
bays
defined, 266
Gothic architecture, 259
Romanesque architecture, 247
Bay, The (Frankenthaler), 420
beadwork, 511
Beaker with ibex motifs, 102
beeswax, 539
Beni Hasan, 125
Bering Strait, 479
Bernini, Gian Lorenzo, 326, 331
Biblical scenes, 360
Bichitr, 442
bi, defined, 460
Big Ben, 370
Bilbao effect, 537
Bing, Xu, 542–543
biombos, 347
Birth of Venus (Botticelli), 302
Black Death, 258
black figure style, 155
Black-on-black ceramic vessel (Maria and Julian Martínez), 493
Blanche of Castile and Louis IX of France (manuscript), 264
body art school, 501
Bolivar, Simón, 342
bone sculpture, 96
Book from the Sky, A (Bing), 542–543
Book of Matthew, from The Book of Lindisfarne, 239
books, handmade, 542
Borobudur Temple, 436
Borromini, Francesco, 327
botanical shapes, 415
bottega, 303
Brancusi, Constantin, 408
Braque, Georges, 408
Breton, Andre, 410
bronze sculpture, 143, 166, 501
Brown, Denise Scott, 424
Brunelleschi, Filippo, 299, 300
brushstrokes
active, 471
brief, 389
Impressionist, 388
short, 390
brushwork
abstract expressionist, 545
active, 387
rapid, 373
bucolic environments, 316
Buddhism
philosophy and art, 432–435
Zen Buddhism, 466
Buddhist architecture, 435–438
Buddhist drapery, 433
Buk mask, 526
Burghers of Calais, The (Rodin), 396
Byzantine art, 201–211
architecture, 203–205
artistic life, 202
background, 202
paintings, 205–210
Jacob Wrestling the Angel, 209
Justinian Panel, 207
Rebecca and Eliezer at the Well, 208
Theodora Panel, 207
Vienna Genesis, 208
Virgin and Child between Saints Theodore and George, 209
patronage, 203
Byzantine formulas, 275
C
Cabrera, Miguel, 346
Cahokia, Illinois, 484
Calendar Stone, 486
Calling of Saint Matthew (Caravaggio), 332
Calling of the Apostles (painting), 193
calotype, 375
Calvinists, 284
Camelid sacrum, 96
camera obscura, 375
Candide, Voltaire, 357
canned corned beef, 548
canon, defined, 158
cantilever construction, 414, 425
capes, 523
capitalism, 284
caprice, 375
Caravaggio, Michelangelo Merisi da, 330, 332, 337
caricature, 396
carpets, Islamic, 217
Carson, Pirie, Scott and Company Building, 395
Carter, Howard, 124
Carthage, 501
Cassatt, Mary, 389
cassoni, 319
Catacomb of Priscilla, 194
catacombs
defined, 197
paintings, 193
catechumens, 195
cathedrals
defined, 210
during Gothic period, 258
Romanesque architecture, 247, 252
Catholism
images, 284
religion, 284
Catia, 537
Celestine I, Pope, 197
cella
defined, 117
Greek architecture, 159
Hindu architecture, 439
central plan
defined, 210
Early Christain architecture, 196
Chairman Mao en Route to Anyuan (painting), 456
chalice, 210
chapels, 298
Charbagh garden, 229
Charlemagne, 236
Charles V, 310
Chartres Cathedral, 260
charts, 522
chasing, 240
Chavín art, 480–481
Chavín de Huántar, 480
chiaroscuro
Da Vinci’s use of, 312
defined, 319
High Renaissance painting, 311, 319
Chinese and Korean art, 449–460
architecture, 452–453
artistic life, 451
background, 450–451
paintings, 453–456
patronage, 451
philosophies, 451
porcelain, 459
sculpture, 456–458
Chokwe, 508–510
Christian Aksum, 501
Christian architecture, 195–197
Christian art, 192–195
Christian mosaics, 194
Christian religion, 192
Christmas or The Nativity (painting), 193
Chunhua, Liu, 456
churches
Chartres Cathedral, 260
Church of Sainte-Foy, 248
Florentine Renaissance, 299
murals for, 298
Santa Sabina, 196
San Vitale, 205
Saint Jerome, 193
Visigothic, 226
Churning of the Ocean of Milk, 147
cinquecento, 319
Citizen King, 384
City of Cusco plan, Peru, 488
Classical sculpture, 144–148
clerestory
defined, 135
Early Christian architecture, 196
Gothic architecture, 263
Late Antique architecture, 197
Romanesque architecture, 247
cloisonné technique
in Early Medieval art, 237
in Merovingian art, 238
close, defined, 267
Clovis, 237
coat-of-arms, 299
cobalt blue, 459
Code of Hammurabi, 114
Coiffure, The (Cassatt), 389–390
colonization, 501
color field painting, 420, 425
color, in Byzantine art, 206
Colosseum (Flavian Amphitheater), 175, 176, 177
columns
hollowed-out, 182
in Roman architecture, 176
coming-of-age ceremonies, 501
commission, 501
Composition with Red, Blue and Yellow (Mondrian), 413
computer programs, 538
Comte, Auguste, 384
concrete, Roman use of, 175
Confucius, 451
congested way, 187
congs
defined, 104
prehistoric sculptures, 98
Constructivism, 412–413
Contemporary art, 535–556
background, 536
modern architecture, 536–538
modern painting and sculpture, 538–555
Androgyne III (Abakanowicz), 542
Book from the Sky, A (Bing), 542–543
Crossing, The (Viola), 549–550
Dancing at the Louvre (Ringgold), 544–545
Darkytown Rebellion (Walker), 551–552
Earth’s Creation (Kngwarreye), 546
Electronic Superhighway (Paik), 548–549
En la Barberia no se Llora (No Crying Allowed in the Barbershop) (Osorio), 547
Gates, The (Christo and Jeanne-Claude), 539
Horn Players (Basquiat), 540–541
Kui Hua Zi (Sunflower Seeds) (Weiwei), 555
Lying with the Wolf (Smith), 552
Old Man’s Cloth (Anatsui), 552–553
Pink Panther (Koons), 543
Pisupo Lua Afe (Corned Beef 2000) (Tuffery), 548
Preying Mantra (Mutu), 554
Pure Land (Mori), 550
Rebellious Silence (Neshat), 546–547
Shibboleth (Salcedo), 554–555
Stadia II (Mehretu), 553
Summer Trees (Su-nam), 541
Swing (after Fragonard), The (Shonibare), 552
Trade (Gifts for Trading Land with White People) (Quick-to-See-Smith), 545
Untitled #228 (Sherman), 543–544
Vietnam Veterans Memorial (Lin), 539–540
continuous narrative, 186, 252, 473
contrapposto
Classical sculpture, 144
Greek pottery, 155
contrast, 541
Cook Islands art, 523–524
corbel arch, 494
corbelled vaulting, 439, 440, 482
Corinthian capital porch, 180
Corinthian temples, 151
corned beef, 548
Cosimo I of Florence, 311
Council of Trent, 310
Counter-Reformation, 283, 310, 326, 331
Courbet, Gustave, 385
Court of Gayumars, The (Muhammad), 221
courtyard style residences, 452, 460
cowrie shells, 511
Crossing, The (Viola), 549–550
Crucifixion (painting), 193
Crusades, 246
cubicula
Early Christian architecture, 195
Roman architecture, 176
Roman paintings in, 181
Cubism, 407–409
Cultural Revolution, 456
cupola walls, 181
curved frames, 355
curvilinear
characteristics, 355
forms, 537
Curvilinear Cubism, 407
Cusco School, 343
D
Daguerre, Louis, 375
Dancing at the Louvre (Ringgold), 544–545
Dark Ages, 236
Darkytown Rebellion (Walker), 551–552
David, Jacques-Louis, 360
David Vases, The, 459
Da Vinci, Leonardo
death of, 310
Last Supper, The, 311
Mona Lisa, 311
sfumato, 311
decorative pinnacles, 259
decorative screens, 470
deforestation, 502
Delacroix, Eugène, 368, 371, 372, 385
Della Porta, Giacomo, 318
Delphic Sybil, Michelangelo, 313
Deposition/Lamentation/Entombment/Pieta (painting), 193
Der Blaue Reiter, The Blue Rider, 405
De San Martin, José, 342
De Stijl movement, 413–414
didactic painting, 418
Die Brüke (The Bridge), 404
digital technology, 535
di sotto in sù, defined, 337
documentary photography, 425
doll-like character, 442
Dome of the Rock, 223
domestic architecture, 175
Dominicans, 274
Donatello, 301
donors, 281
drapery, 433
Dream of a Sunday Afternoon in the Alameda Park (Rivera), 418
dream time painting, 546
dump-dot technique, 546
Dutch Baroque art, 335–337
Dutch schools, 330
E
early- and mid-twentieth-century art, 401–426
architecture, 414–417
International Style, 415–417
Prairie Style, 414–415
artistic life, 403
background, 402
Constructivism, 412–413
Cubism, 407–409
Dada, 409–410
De Stijl, 413–414
Expressionism, 404–407
Fauvism, 404
Happenings, 422–424
paintings
Abstract Expressionism, 419–420
Color field painting, 420
Harlem Renaissance, 417
Mexican Muralists, 418–419
Pop Art, 420
patronage, 403
Photo-Secession, 409
Postmodern architecture, 424
Site Art, 423–424
Surrealism, 410–412
Early Christian architecture, 195–197
Early Christian art
Late Antique art, 192–195
Roman art and, 195
Early Imperial period, 173, 183
Early Medieval art, 235–241
artistic life, 236
background, 236
Hiberno Saxon, 238–240
Merovingians, 237–238
patronage, 236
Early Renaissance, Italy, 297–304
architecture, 298–300
artistic life, 298
background, 298
fifteenth-century painting and sculpture, 300–303
patronage, 298
Earth Art, 423
Earth’s Creation (Kngwarreye), 546
Easter Island (rapa nui) art, 528
Ecclesiastical patrons, 342
Ecstasy of Saint Teresa (Bernini), 326, 331
Egyptian art, 123–136
architecture, 125–126
artistic life, 125
background, 124
painting and sculpture, 126–135
Akhenaton, Nefertiti, and three daughters, 133–134
Great Pyramids, 129–130
Great Sphinx, 130
Innermost coffin of King Tutankhamun’s tomb, 134
King Menkaura and queen, 130–131
Kneeling statue of Hatshepsut, 133
Last judgment of Hunefer, 135
Mortuary temple of Hatshepsut, 132–133
Palette of King Narmer, 127–128
Seated scribe, 128–129
Temple of Amun-Re and Hypostyle Hall, 131–132
patronage, 125
Egyptian figural style, 136
eighteenth-century English paintings, 357
Electronic Superhighway (Paik), 548–549
elephant mask, 511
elevators, 395
Elgin Marbles, 361
Elizabeth II, Queen, 527
embroidery, 252
Emperor Justinian, 206
Emperor Shi Huangdi, 450
Empress Theodora, 206
Empty Throne symbol, 433
encaustic
in Greek Archaic art, 143
in Roman art, 181
enconchados, 347
Enga people, 98
engraving, 291
En la Barberia no se Llora (No Crying Allowed in the Barbershop) (Osorio), 547
Enlightenment, 354
entombment, 319
Entombment of Christ (Pontormo), 317
Erechtheum, 153
escudo, 347
Esposito, Phil, 549
Ethiopia, 501
Etruscan art, 163–168
architecture, 164–165
background, 164
painting, 165–166
sculpture, 166–168
European settlers, 354
evangelist portraits, 193
explorers, 521
Expressionism, 404–407
F
fabric panels, 539
Fallingwater (Wright), 414
Fang sculptures, 512
Fauvism, 404
feather headdress, 487
female deity, 522
feminine arts, 246
Feminist Art, 556
ferroconcrete construction, 414, 415, 425
fertility, 501
fetish, 513
feudalism, 246
fifteenth-century painting and sculpture, 300–303
figure style, 372
Fijian mats and tapa cloths, 527
Fiji art, 527
Firdawsi, 231
flagstaffs, 177
Flamboyant Gothic, 260
Flanders, 284
flat-weave technique, 217
Flemish artists, 292
Flemish Baroque art, 334–335
Flood story, 319
Flood, The (Michelangelo), 314
floral patterns, 442
Florence Cathedral Baptistery, 300
Florentine paintings, 275
Florentine Renaissance churches, 299
Folio from the Qur’an, Arab, North Africa or Near East (Abbasid), 218
Fragonard, Jean-Honoré, 356
Franciscans, 274
Francis I of France, 310
Franco-Prussian War of 1870, 384
Frankenthaler, Helen, 403, 420
Frankish kings, 236
French Academy, 355
French Revolution, 368
frescoes
defined, 187
Northern Renaissance paintings, 284
friars, 274
Frieze of Life, The, 393
Fruit and Insects (Ruysch), 337
Funeral banner of Lady Dai (Xin Zhui), 454
G
galleries, of churches, 252
Gates, The (Christo and Jeanne-Claude), 539
gender division, 195
Genesis, 210
genre paintings
defined, 473
in High Renaissance art, 317, 320
in Japanese painting, 470
geometric elements, Islamic, 217
geometric plantings, 330
geometrization of forms, 504
George Washington (Houdon), 361
gigantomachy, 149
Gilgamesh, 111
Giving the Keys (painting), 193
glazing, 454
Gold and jade crown, 458
gold and silverwork, 237
Golden Stool, 505
Goldfish, Matisse, 404
González, Miguel, 345
Good Shepherd fresco, 194
Gothic art, 257–267
architecture, 259–261
artistic life, 258
background, 258
in Italy, 273
artistic life, 274–275
background, 274
painting, 275–276
patronage, 274–275
Jewish art, 265–266
paintings, 263–265
patronage, 258
sculpture, 261–263
Goya, Francisco de, 368, 371, 385
grave marker, 143
Grave stele of Hegeso (Kallimachos), 147
Great Buddha, 468
Great Hall of the Bulls, 101
Great Ilkhanid Shahnama, 222
Great Mosque
African, 503
at Córdoba, 222
in Isfahan, 222
Great Portals of the West Façade, 262
Great Pyramids, 129–130
Great Serpent Mound, 484
Great Silk Road, 452
Great South Gate, 469
Great Stupa, Buddhist, 435
Great West Portals at Chartres, 261
Great Zimbabwe, Shona peoples, 502
Greco-Roman classics, 301
Greek Archaic
sculpture, 143–144
Greek art, 141–157
artistic life, 142
background, 142
paintings, 157
patronage, 142
pottery, 155–157
sculpture, 143–150
Classical, 144–148
Greek Archaic, 143–144
Hellenistic sculptors, 148–150
Greek temples, 150
Greek theaters, 159
ground plan, 117
Guggenheim Museum Bilbao (Gehry), 536, 537
guild system, 274
Gulliver’s Travels (Swift), 357
Gutenberg Bible, 285
Gutenberg, Johann, 285
H
Hadid, MAXXI, 179
Hadid, Zaha, 538
Hadriane Petra, 178
Haggadah, 265
Haggadot, 267
Hagios Lucas, 239
hajj, defined, 230
half-uncial, 238
Hall of Mirrors, 329
Hall of Supreme Harmony, 452
Hall of the Sisters, 227
hammerbeam style roof, 261, 267
Hammurabi, 114
handmade books, 542
handprints, 100
hanging scrolls, 453, 455, 470
Happenings, defined, 422–423, 425
Hardouin-Mansart, Jules, 329
haunting mask design, 97
Hawaii art, 523
Head of a Roman patrician (sculpture), 183
Helios god, 145
Helios, horses, and Dionysus (sculpture), 145
Hellenistic art, 159
Hellenistic sculpture, 148–150
Henry IV, 334
Hesiod’s Theogony, 302
Hiapo (tapa), 524
Hiberno Saxon art, 238–240
hierarchy of scale, 111
“high art” porcelain, 543
High Renaissance, 309–320
artistic life, 310
background, 310
paintings, 311
patronage, 310
Venetian paintings, 316–317
Hildegard von Bingen, 246
Hindu architecture, 439–441
Hindu philosophy and art, 437
Hindu sculpture, 438–439
Hogarth, William, 357
hollowed-out columns, 182
holy wisdom, 204
Homeric hymns, 302
homoerotic overtones, 302
Horn Players (Basquiat), 540–541
horror vacui
defined, 187
Early Medieval art, 237
Hiberno Saxon art, 238
Hindu and Buddhist art, 437, 444
Mexican art, 418
Horse in Motion, The (Muybridge), 388
Horus, 128
Houdon, Jean-Antoine, 361
House in New Castle County (Venturi, Rauch, Brown), 424
House of the Vettii, 176
Hrotswitha of Gandersheim, 246
Hudson River School, 374
Huitzilopochtli god, 494
human body, 551
humanism, 298
Hundred Years’ War, 258
Hunters in the Snow (Pieter Bruegel the Elder), 291
hypogeum, 177
I
Iconoclasm, 443
Iconoclastic Controversy, 202, 210
iconoclastic movement, 284
iconoclasts, 202
idols, 202
Igbo sculpture, 510
Ignudi, 319
Il Gesù façade (Porta), 318
illuminated manuscript, 240
illusion, 337
Imhotep, 125
Imperial sculpture, 183–186
Impressionism, 388–390
Impressionist exhibitions, 385
Improvisation 28 (Kandinsky), 405
Indian art, 431–443
artistic life, 432
background, 432
Hindu architecture, 439–441
Hindu philosophy and art, 437
Hindu sculpture, 438–439
paintings, 442–443
Industrial Revolution, 354
Ingres, Jean-Auguste-Dominique, 372
Inkan art, 487–491
ink brush painting, 541
ink-splashed painting, 470
ink wash, 541
Innermost coffin of King Tutankhamun’s tomb, 134
innovative materials, 537
in situ
Chinese sculpture, 456
defined, 158
Egyptian painting, 127
International Gothic painting, 285
International Style, 415–417
Intihuatana Stone, 490
Ionic, Greek temples, 150, 158
Ionic style, 151
ironwork, 369
Isenheim altarpiece (Grünewald), 289
Islamic art, 215–231
architecture, 222–230
artistic life, 216
background, 216
painting and sculpture, 216–220
patronage, 216
Persian manuscripts, 220–222
Italian Baroque art, 331–333
Italian Gothic art, 273
artistic life, 274–275
background, 274
painting, 275–276
patronage, 274–275
Italian Mannerism, 372
ivory, in African art, 503
J
Jacob Wrestling the Angel (painting), 209
Jade cong, 97
jades, 98
Jahangir Preferring a Sufi Shaikh to Kings (Bichitr), 442
Japanese art, 465–474
architecture and sculpture, 467–470
artistic life, 466
background, 466
Japanese tea ceremony, 467
painting and printmaking, 470–474
patronage, 466
Zen Buddhism, 466
Jayavarman VII as Buddha, 441
Jesuits, 310
jewel-like treatment, 206
Jewish art, 265–266
Jingdezhen porcelain, 459
John (evangelist, portrait), 193
Johnson, Samuel, 354
Jokhang Temple, 434
Jones, Inigo, 359
Joseon Dynasty, 451
Jowo Rinpoche, 434
Julianus Argentarius, 205
Julius II, Pope, 310
Jungle, The (Lam), 412
Justinian Panel, 207
K
Kaaba (Islamic and Pre-Islamic monument), 223
Kahlo, Frida, 411
kamikaze, 466
karg, 221
Keikei, 468
Kenya, 501
King Louis XIV, 329
King Menkaura and queen, 130–131
King Narmer, 124
Kirchner, Ernst Ludwig, 404, 405
Kiss, The (Brancusi), 408
Kiss, The (Klimt), 394
kitsch, 556
kiva, 494
Klimt, Gustav, 394
Kneeling statue of Hatshepsut, 133
Kngwarreye, Emily Kame, 546
knotting technique, 217
Kollwitz, Käthe, 406
Kondo, 473
Kongo sculpture, 507
Kong Sejong, 451
Koons, Jeff, 543
Korean alphabet, 455
Korean art. See Chinese and Korean art
Korean War, 451
Kuan, Fan, 455
Kuba Nyim Kot a Mbweeky III, 506
Kuba sculptures, 506–507
Kuosi masking society, 511
Kusama, Yayoi, 422
kylix, 155
L
La Disputà (Raphael), 315
La Grande Odalisque (Ingres), 372
Lakshmana Temple, 439
Lamb of God, 289
lamentation, 277
Lamentation from the Arena Chapel (Giotto), 276
Lam, Wifredo, 412
lancet, 267
landscapes, 286
Laozi, 451
lapis lazuli, 117
Lapita culture, 99
Lascaux, 105
Las Meninas (Velázquez), 333, 337
Last Judgment from the Arena Chapel (Giotto), 276
Last Judgment (Michelangelo), 314, 333
Last judgment of Hunefer (painting), 135
Last Supper, defined, 319
Last Supper (painting), 193
Last Supper, The (Da Vinci), 311
Late Antique art, 191–198
artistic life, 192
background, 192
Early Christian
architecture, 195–197
art, 192–195
patronage, 192
Late Antique period, 173
Late Imperial period, 173, 184
late-ninteenth-century art, 383–397
architecture, 394–395
artistic life, 384–385
Art Nouveau, 393–394
background, 384
Impressionism, 388–390
patronage, 384–385
Post-Impressionists, 390–392
Realism, 385–388
sculpture, 395–397
Symbolism, 393
later Europe and Americas, 346–347
Latin America, 342
Latin language, 238
Latino male culture, 547
law courts, 180
Lawrence, Jacob, 417
Le Brun, Elisabeth Louise Vigée, 357
Le Corbusier, 416
Les Demoiselles d’Avignon (Picasso), 407
Le Vau, Louis, 329
Liangzhu jewelry, 97
Liberty Leading the People (Delacroix), 372
life-size headless mannequin, 552
Lindauer, Gottfried, 525
Lindisfarne Gospels (manuscript), 238
Lindisfarne Priory on Holy Island, 239
linear perspective, 181, 286, 300, 360
Lin, Maya, 539–540
lintel, 104
Lintel 25, Structure 23, Yaxchilán, 482
Lion symbol, 433
Lipstick (Ascending) on Caterpillar Tracks (Oldenburg), 421
literati, 449, 451, 454–456, 460
Longmen Caves, 457
looms, 252
López de los Ríos, José, 344
Lotus symbol, 433
Louis-Philippe, 373
Louis Sullivan, Carson, Pirie, Scott and Company Building, 395
Louis XIV, King, 329
Luba Empire, 501
Luba sculptures, 510–511
Lucas Cranach the Elder, 290
Ludovisi Battle Sarcophagus, 185
Lukasa (memory board), 510, 513
Luke (evangelist, portrait), 193
Lunar Society, 358
Luxor, 125
Lying with the Wolf (Smith), 551
M
Machu Picchu, 489
Maderno, Carlo, 327
Madonna, 303
Madonna and Child with Two Angels (Lippi), 301
madrasa, 230
Magellan, Ferdinand, 521
Maize cobs, 488
malagan sculptures, 526
mandorla, 443
Manet, Édouard, 387
mannequins, 553
Mannerism, 309–320
architecture, 318
background, 310
paintings, 317–318
Mannerists, 331
manuscripts, 220–222
decorations, 246
during Gothic period, 259
Maqsud of Kashan, The Ardabil Carpet, 219
marble, 539
Marian shrine, 260
Marie de’ Medici Cycle (Rubens), 334
Marilyn Diptych (Warhol), 421
Mark (evangelist portrait), 193
Marriage à la Mode (Hogarth), 357
Martínez, Julian, 493
Martini, Simone, 285
martyria, 210
Marx, Karl, 384
Mary’s tunic, 260
Buk, 526
elephant, 511
elite Kuosi masking society, 511
haunting mask design, 97
North American Indian art, 491
Papua New Guinea, 526
Portrait (Mblo), 507
Massacre of the Innocents (painting), 193
mass migrations, 236
mathematicians, Islamic, 217
Matisse, Henri, 404
mausoleum, 230
MAXXI National Museum of XXI Century Art (Hadid), 538
Mayan art, 481–483
Mblo, 513
Mbudye, 511
medieval Crusaders, 202
medieval gold and silverwork, 237
mediums, in Contemporary art, 538
Mehretu, Julie, 553
Memorial Sheet for Karl Liebknecht (Kollwitz), 406
Menacing Love, 356
Mende sculptures, 509
Menkaura and queen, 127
Mentihotep II, 124
Mercury, 303
Merode Altarpiece, 286
Merovingians art, 237–238
Mesa Verde cliff dwellings (Anasazi), 484
Mesopotamians, 110
mestizo artists, 343
metal, in African art, 503, 504
Mexican art. See also Inkan art; See also Mayan Art
muralists, 418–419
portraits, 342
Delphic Sybil, 313
Flood, The, 314
Last Judgment, 314
Sistine Chapel ceiling, 312
Micronesia art, 521–523
MicroStation, 536
Middle Kingdom, 124
Migration of the Negro, Panel no. 49, The (Lawrence), 417
Milvian Bridge, 192
minbar, 230
Ming Dynasty, 450
Miracles (painting), 193
Mississippian art, 484–485
Moai, 528
Moai on platform (ahu), 528
modernism, 397
Mona Lisa (Da Vinci), 311
monastery hospital, 289
Mondrian, Piet, 403
Abstract Expressionism, 419
Composition with Red, Blue and Yellow, 413
De Stijl movement, 413
neoplasticism, 425
Monet, Claude, 389
money economy, 258
monolithic civilization, 124
Monroe, Marilyn, 421
Mont Saint-Victoire (Cézanne), 392
monumental figure, 148
Moore, Henry, 482
Mori, Mariko, 550
mortise and tenon, 104
Mortuary temple of Hatshepsut, 132–133
mosaics
Greek art, 158
of Emperor Justinian and Empress Theodora, 206
Roman art, 181
Mosque of Selim II, 222
mound-builders, 484
mound-shaped tombs, 168
movable type, 285
mud brick Etruscan buildings, 164
mud brick mosque, 503
mud brick walls, 501
Basin (Ibn al-Zain), 218
Muhammad, Sultan, 221
mullion, 303
Mumtaz Mahal, 229
Munch, Edvard, 393
Murat, Caroline, 372
Musee d’Archeologie Nationale, 237
Mutu, Wangechi, 554
Muybridge, Eadweard, 388
mystical vineyard, 263
N
Nan Madol, 521
Nadar Raising Photography to the Height of Art (Daumier), 386
Napoleonic wars, 342
Narcissus Garden (Kusama), 422
Native Americans, 342
native artists, 342
Native North American art, 478
Naturalist painters, 337
naturalists, 331
Navigation chart, Marshall Islands, 522
ndop
defined, 513
of King Mishe miShyaang maMbul, 506
necropolises, 125, 136, 164, 168
negative prints, 100
Neoclassicism, 359–363
architecture, 359
artistic life, 355
background, 354
paintings, 360–361
patronage, 355
sculpture, 361–362
Neolithic period, 96
neon lighting, 548
Neshat, Shirin, 546
New Kingdom, 125
New Spain art, 341–347
artistic life, 342
background, 342
Later Europe and Americas, 346–347
paintings, 343–346
patronage, 342
newspaper clippings, 545
New Testament, 192
New York School (Abstract Expressionism), 419
New Zealand
art, 525
discovery of, 520
niches, 193
Nieto, José, 333
Nigeria, 501
Night Attack on the Sanjô Palace (handscroll), 471
Nike, 158
Nike Revolt, 204
Niobe, 158
Niobides Krater, 155
Nirvana, 444
Nkisi n’kondi, 513
North American Indian art, 491–494
Northern European economy, 285
Nose ornament, 481
Notre Dame de la Belle Verriere (“Our Lady of the Beautiful Window”), 263
Nubia, 501
Nude Descending a Staircase No. 2 (Dunchamp), 410
nudity
Byzantine art and, 206
Contemporary artist use of, 552
in Early Renaissance, Italy, 301
in Greek art, 143
O
Oath of the Horatii, The (David), 360
Oba Akenzua II, 505
Object (Le Dejéuner en fourrure) (Oppenheim), 411
Observatory, 490
Oceanic art, 99
odalisque, 376
oil paint
defined, 292
in Modern paintings, 538
in Northern Renaissance paintings, 285
Oldenburg, Claes, 421
Old Kingdom, 124
Old Man’s Cloth (Anatsui), 552–553
Olmec-style mask, jadeite, 486
Olowe of Ise, 512
Olympia, Manet, 387
Opo Ogoga, Olowe of Ise, 512
Oppenheim, Meret, 411
orant figure, 197
Osorio, Pepón, 547
Oxbow, The (Cole), 374
P
artistic life, 521
background, 520–521
Cook Islands, 523–524
Easter Island (rapa nui), 528
Fiji, 527
Hawaii, 523
Micronesia, 521–523
New Zealand, 525
Papua New Guinea, 526–527
patronage, 521
Polynesia, 524–525
paganism, 192
Paik, Naum June, 548–549
paintings
Baroque, 330–337
Dutch Baroque, 335–337
Flemish Baroque, 334–335
Italian Baroque, 331–333
Spanish Baroque, 333–334
Byzantine, 205–210
Jacob Wrestling the Angel, 209
Justinian Panel, 207
Rebecca and Eliezer at the Well, 208
Theodora Panel, 207
Vienna Genesis, 209
Virgin (Theotokos) and Child between Saints Theodore and George (encaustic), 209
cave, 95
Chinese and Korean, 453–456
Contemporary
Dancing at the Louvre (Ringgold), 544–545
Earth’s Creation (Kngwarreye), 546
Gates, The (Christo and Jeanne-Claude), 539
Horn Players (Basquiat), 540–541
Lying with the Wolf (Smith), 551
Stadia II (Mehretu), 553
Summer Trees (Su-nam), 541
Trade (Gifts for Trading Land with White People) (Quick-to-See-Smith), 545
Untitled #228 (Sherman), 543–544
early and mid-twentieth-century
Abstract Expressionism, 419–420
Color field, 420
Harlem Renaissance, 417
Mexican Muralists, 418–419
Pop Art, 420
Egyptian, 126
Etruscan, 165–166
fifteenth-century Italian, 300–303
Gothic, 263–265
High Renaissance, 311
Indian, 442–443
Islamic, 216–220
Japanese, 470–474
Mannerism, 317–318
Neoclassical, 360–361
New Spain, 343–346
prehistoric, 100–103
rock, 95
Rococo, 355–357
Roman, 181–182
Romanesque, 248–252
Romanticism, 371–374
Palace of Westminster (Barry and Pugin), 369
Palazzo Rucellai (Alberti), 299, 300
Paleolithic period, 96
Palette of King Narmer, 127–128
palettes, 127
Palladio, Andrea, 359
Palm Sunday (painting), 193
Panathenaic Way, 158
Papal Court of Julius II, 319
paper and ink, 466
Papua New Guinea art, 526–527
Paris and Gothic art, 258
Paris Salon, 360
Parliament, 369
Parthenon (Iktinos and Kallikrates), 146, 151, 153, 361
Passover, 267
Passover Seder, 265
paten, 206
patronage
African art, 501
Ancient Near Eastern art, 110
art of the Americas, 479–480
Baroque art, 326
Byzantine art, 203
Chinese and Korean art, 451
early- and mid-twentieth-century art, 403
Early Medieval art, 236
Early Renaissance, Italy, 298
Egyptian art, 125
Gothic art, 258
Greek art, 142
High Renaissance, 310
Islamic art, 216
Japanese art, 466
Late Antique art, 192
late-ninteenth-century art, 384–385
Neoclassicism, 355
New Spain art, 342
Pacific art, 521
Rococo, 355
Roman art, 175
Romanesque art, 246
Romanticism, 368–369
Southeast Asian art, 432
patterns, Islamic, 217
Pazzi Chapel, Basilica di Santa Croce (Brunelleschi), 299
peacocks, 195
Peloponnesian War, 144
Pentheus Room, 182
peplos, 158
Peplos Kore, 144
perforated ornamental stone screens, 217
Pericles, 153
peristyle
gardens, 176
Greek architecture, 151
Roman architecture, 176
Perov, Kira, 549
Perpendicular Gothic style, 370
Perry, Commodore, 466
persecutions, 192
Persian
art, 116–117
manuscripts, 220–222
perspective, 187
Perugino, 313
Petra, 178
phallus, 524
Pharaoh, 136
Philosopher Giving a Lecture on the Orrery, A (Wright), 358
philosophy
Chinese and Korean art, 451
Hindu, 437
photography, 375
Contemporary art, 546–547, 551
documentary, 425
Photo-Secession, 409
photosensitive paper, 375
Picasso, Pablo, 403
Cubism, 407
early- and mid-twentieth-century artists, 403
Les Demoiselles d’Avignon, 407
Pietà, 267
Pieter Bruegel the Elder, 291
pietra serena, 299
pilgrimages, 246
pilgrimage sites, 434, 435, 437, 481
Pink Panther (Koons), 543
Pisupo Lua Afe (Corned Beef 2000) (Tuffery), 548
Plan and Lanzón Stone, 480
Plaque of the Ergastines, 146
plaster molds, 542
Plotina, 185
poem, 546
pointed arch, 259
polychrome checkerboard pattern, 166
Polykleitos, 142, 144, 145, 184, 361
Polynesia art, 524–525
polyptych, 292
Pontormo, Jacopo da, 317
Pop Art, 420
Pope Celestine I, 197
Pope Julius II, 311
Pope Urban VIII, 326
porticos, 158
Portrait mask (Mblo), 507
Portrait of Sin Sukju (hanging scroll), 455
Portrait of Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz (Cabrera), 347
portrait painting, 311
Portuguese colonies, 501
Portuguese explorers, 521
Portuguese, The (Braque), 408
post-and-lintel system, 103, 104, 105, 175
Post-Impressionists, 390–392
Postmodern architecture, 424
potlatch, 494
potters, 494
pottery, 155–157
Poussinistes, 355
Power figure (Nkisi n’kondi), 507
Prairie Style, 414–415
Praxiteles, 145
prayer rugs, Islamic, 217
prehistoric art, 95–105
architecture, 103–104
background, 96
paintings, 100–103
sculpture, 96–100
prehistoric world, 110–111
Preston, Cynthia, 546–547
Preying Mantra (Mutu), 554
Primitivism, 407
princely courts, 298
Priscilla, 193
Protestant Reformation, 310
prytaneis, 152
puebloans, 483–484
Pugin, Augustus, 369
Pure Land (Mori), 550
Pyramid Texts, 126
pyxis, 230
Pyxis of al-Mughira, Umayyad, 217
Q
qibla iwan, 224
Qorikancha, 488
Quechan artists, 343
Queen Elizabeth II, 527
Quick-to-See-Smith, Jaune, 545
quilts, 544
R
Radiating chapel, 252
Rainbow Serpent, 98
Rajput School, 442
rapid brushwork, 373
Rauch, John, 424
Realism, 385–388
Rebecca and Eliezer at the Well, 208
Rebellious Silence (Preston), 546–547
rectangular chapel, 299
red-figure vases, 155
relief sculpture, 115, 136, 481
religious imagery, Islamic, 217
Reliquary guardian figure (byeri) (statue), 512
Reliquary of Sainte-Foy (statue), 250
Renaissance art, 283–292
artistic life, 284
background, 284
paintings, 285–291
patronage, 284
repoussé, 494
Republican busts, 183
Republican period, 173
Republican sculpture, 183
Results of the First Five-Year Plan, The (Stepanova), 412
Resurrection (painting), 193
Revelations, 266
Revival architecture, 369–370
Ringgold, Faith, 544–545
rinpa style, 472
Robert Campin workshop, Annunciation Triptych, 286
Rococo, 353–355
artistic life, 355
background, 354
eighteenth-century English paintings, 357
paintings, 355–357
patronage, 355
Roman art, 173–186
architecture, 175–178
artistic life, 174
background, 174
Early Christain art and, 195
Greek culture and, 174
paintings, 181–182
patronage, 174
Romanesque art and, 245
sculpture, 182–186
Imperial, 183–186
Republican, 183
West and Central Asia, 178–181
Roman Empire
Byzantine Empire and, 202
Christainity and, 192
Romanesque art, 245–253
architecture, 247–248
artistic life, 246
background, 246
patronage, 246
sculpture and painting, 248–252
Roman temple, 226
Romanticism, 367–376
artistic life, 368–369
development of photography, 375
paintings, 371–374
patronage, 368–369
Revival architecture, 369–370
Roman Vitruvius, 298
Romulus and Remus, 174
roof comb, 494
Rosetta Stone, 124
Rossellino, Bernardo, 299
Röttgen Pietà (painting), 263
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 354
royal burials, 237
royal complex at Zimbabwe, 502
Rubens, Peter Paul, 326, 330, 331, 334
Ruler’s feather headdress, Mexica, 487
Running horned woman, 102
Russian Revolution, 202
Ruysch, Rachel, 336
Ryoan-ji, 469
S
sacrum bone, 97
Sahn, 230
Saint Charles of the Four Fountains (Borromini), 327
Saint-Denis, 261
Saint-Lazare Station, The (Monet), 389
Saint Luke incipit page, from The Book of Lindisfarne, 240
Saint Luke Portrait from The Book of Lindisfarne, 239
Saint Teresa, 331
Salcedo, Doris, 554–555
Salian Franks, 237
Salon Carrè, 355
Salon of Paris, 384
Samoa, 520
samurai warrior, 467
Sanchi, 435
Santa Maria della Vittoria (Maderno), 327
Santa Maria Rotonda, 181
Santa Sabina, 196
San Vitale, 205
Sarcophagus of the Spouses, 166
satirical painters, 357
satiric artists, 386
scarification, 513
Scenes from the Apocalypse, from a Bible moralisée (Moralized Bible), 264
school, defined, 376
School of Athens, Raphael, 315
scientific theory, 384
Scramble for Africa, 501
Scream, The (Munch), 393
screens
decorative, 470
perforated ornamental stone screens, 217
scrolls. See handscrolls; See hanging scrolls
Scrovegni Chapel, 275
sculpture
African, 503–514
Ashanti, 505
Bamileke, 511–512
Baule, 507–508
Benin, 504–505
Chokwe, 508–509
Fang, 512
Igbo, 510
Kongo, 507
Kuba, 506–507
Luba, 510–511
Mende, 509
Yoruba, 512–513
Ancient Near Eastern, 110
Baroque, 330–337
Dutch, 335–337
Flemish, 334–335
Italian, 331–333
Spanish, 333–334
Chinese and Korean, 456–458
Contemporary
Androgyne III (Abakanowicz), 542
Book from the Sky, A (Bing), 542–543
Darkytown Rebellion (Walker), 551–552
Electronic Superhighway (Paik), 548–549
En la Barberia no se Llora (No Crying Allowed in the Barbershop) (Osorio), 547
Kui Hua Zi (Sunflower Seeds) (Weiwei), 555
Old Man’s Cloth (Anatsui), 552–553
Pink Panther (Koons), 543
Pisupo Lua Afe (Corned Beef 2000) (Tuffery), 548
Preying Mantra (Mutu), 554
Shibboleth (Salcedo), 554–555
Swing (after Fragonard), The (Shonibare), 552
Vietnam Veterans Memorial (Lin), 539–540
Egyptian, 126–135
Akhenaton, Nefertiti, and three daughters, 133–134
Great Pyramids, 129–130
Great Sphinx, 130
Innermost coffin of King Tutankhamun’s tomb, 134
King Menkaura and queen, 130–131
Kneeling statue of Hatshepsut, 133
Last judgment of Hunefer, 135
Mortuary temple of Hatshepsut, 132–133
Palette of King Narmer, 127–128
Seated scribe, 128–129
Temple of Amun-Re and Hypostyle Hall, 131–132
Etruscan, 166–168
fifteenth-century Italian, 300–303
Gothic, 261–263
Greek, 143–150
Hindu, 438–439
Islamic, 216–220
Japanese, 467–470
late ninteenth century, 395–397
Neoclassical, 361–362
prehistoric, 96–100
Roman, 182–186
Imperial, 183–186
Republican, 183
Romanesque, 248–252
use of modern forms for, 539
S-curve, 262
seafarers, 520
Seated boxer statue, 150
Seated scribe statue, 128–129
Seder, 267
Self-Portrait as a Soldier (Kirchner), 405
Self-Portrait (Le Brun), 357
Self-Portrait with Saskia (Rembrandt), 335
seminomadic peoples, 491
sensual paintings, 355
sexual allusions, 438
sexual characteristics, 503
shaft, defined, 158
Shahnama, 221
Shamanism, 104
shamanistic function, 99
Shayik Safial-Din, 219
“She of the Golden Bells” (Coyolxauhqui), 486
Sherman, Cindy, 543–544
Shibboleth (Salcedo), 554–556
Shiite, 216
Shikara, 444
Shintoism, 467
Shiva as Lord of Dance, 438
Shonibare, Yinka, 552
shopping centers, Greek, 151
shutter speeds, 375
Sibyl, 319
Sierra Leone, 501
sika dwa kofi, 505
silhouette forms, 551
Silla Dynasty, 450
silverwork, 237
Simone, Willia Marie, 544
Sistine Chapel ceiling (Michelangelo), 312–313
Site Art, 423–424
slave art, 544
Slave Ship (Turner), 373
Smith, Kiki, 551
Smithson, Robert, 423
Social Contract, 354
social reformers, 384
Society of Independent Artists, 410
Southeast Asian art, 431–439
artistic life, 432
background, 432
Buddhist architecture, 435–438
Buddhist philosophy and art, 432–435
patronage, 432
Spaniard and Indian Produce a Mestizo (Rodriguez), 346, 392
Spanish Baroque art, 333–334
Spanish Trinitarians, 328
Spear Bearer, 144
Spiral Jetty (Smithson), 423
spire, 267
splashed ink, 473
Stadia II (Mehretu), 553
stadium architecture, 553
stadium, 177
Staff god, Rarotonga, Cook Islands, 523
Stanford, Leland, 388
Starry Night (Van Gogh), 390
Statues of votive figures, 112
Saint Dominic de Guzman, 274
steeple, defined, 267
Steerage, The (Stieglitz), 409
Stein, Gertrude, 403
stelae, 104
Stepanova, Varvara, 412
Stepped Pyramid, 125
Saint Francis of Assisi, 274
Stieglitz, Alfred, 409
still life
Baroque artists, 330
defined, 319
Dutch art, 335
Impressionists, 389
Still Life in Studio (Daguerre), 375
Saint Jerome church, 193
stoas, 158
stock exchange, 284
Stone Age work, 98
Stone Breakers, The (Courbet), 385
stone, in African art, 503
Structure 33, Yaxchilán, 483
Saint Sernin ambulatory, 248
stucco, 166
suckling mother sculptures, 501
suffrage movement, 370
Sullivan, Louis, 395
Sumerian art, 111–114
Summer Trees (Su-nam), 541
Sumukhwa, 541
Su-nam, Song, 541
sunflower seeds, 557
Sunni, 216
Surrealism, 410–412
Swift, Jonathan, 357
Swing (after Fragonard), The (Shonibare), 552
Swing, The (Fragonard), 356
Symbolism, 393
Synthetic Cubism, 407
T
Taj Mahal, 229
Tamati Waka Nene, 525
Tang Dynasty, 450
Tanzania, 501
tapa cloth, 521, 523, 524, 527, 528
tapestry, 252
tarashikomi technique, 472, 474
tattoos, 525
teahouses, 467
technology, 536
teepee, 494
Temple of Amun-Re and Hypostyle Hall, 131–132
Temple of Athena Nike (Kallikrates), 154
Temple of Minerva, 165
Temple of the Sun, 490
Templo Mayor (Main Temple), 485
tenebroso, 331
Tenochtitlán, 485
terra cotta, 166
Terra cotta warriors, 456, 457
tesserae, 158
Tête à Tête, The (Hogarth), 357
textiles, Islamic, 217
thatched roofs, 502
theaters, Greek, 151
Theodora Panel, 207
Theotokos, 209
Thirty-six Views of Mount Fuji, 473
Thirty Years’ War, 326
Thomas Jefferson (Monticello), 359
titanium, 537
Tlaloc, 494
Tlatilco female figurine, 99
Todai-ji, 468
Tomb of the Triclinium, 166
tombs
mound-shaped, 168
Nabataeans, 178
Tonga, 520
torons, 503
total environments, 549
Toulouse-Lautrec, 385
Trade (Gifts for Trading Land with White People) (Quick-to-See-Smith), 545
trade routes, 450
Trajan Market, 180
Transfiguration (painting), 193
Transformation mask (Kwakwaha’wakw), 492
transformation masks, defined, 494
transverse arch, 252
Travelers among Mountains and Streams (Kuan), 455
Treasury and Great Temple of Petra, Jordan, Nabataean Ptolemaic and Roman, 178
triangular composition, 311
triclinium, 187
triforium, 253
triptych, 286
Triumph of the Name of Jesus (Gaulli), 332
trompe l’oeil technique, 301, 303
tropical cultures, 480
trumeaux, 253
tufa, 168
Tuffery, Michel, 548
tumuli, 168
Turner, Joseph Mallord William, 368, 373
Tuscan columns, 176
twin-hulled sailing canoe, 520
Two Fridas, The (Kahlo), 411
U
Ulpius, 180
Under the Wave off Kanagawa (Hokusai), 473
unification, 128
Unkei, 467
Untitled #228 (Sherman), 543–544
urbanization, 110
Urban VIII, Pope, 326
V
Vairocana Buddha, 434, 444, 457, 468
Valley of Mexico, 387
Valley of México from the Hillside of Santa Isabel, The (Velaso), 387
Vandals, 236
Van Eyck, Jan, 287
Van Gogh, Vincent, 385, 390, 404
vanishing point, 181, 187, 303
Vauxcelles, Louis, 404
Vedic texts, 438
velarium, 177
Velasco, Jose María, 387
vellum, 236
Venetian artists, 311
Venetian paintings, 316–317
Venice Biennale, 425
Venturi, Robert, 424
Venus of Urbino (Titian), 316, 387
Veranda post of enthroned king and senior wife (Opo Ogoga), Olowe of Ise, 512
veristic portraits, 183
Vermeer, Johannes, 336
Versailles (Le Vau and Hardouin-Mansart), 329
vestibules, 195
Vesuvius, 187
Viceroy, 347
Victory adjusting her sandal (sculpture), 147
video installation, 549–550
Vienna Succession, 394
Vietnam Veterans Memorial (Lin), 539–540
Vietnam War monument, 539
Vikings, 236
Villa Savoye (Le Corbusier), 416
Viola, Bill, 549–550
Virgin of Guadalupe (González), 345
Virgin (Theotokos) and Child between Saints Theodore and George (encaustic), 209
Visigothic church, 226
Vision Serpent, 482
Visitation, The (painting), 192
Voltaire, 357
votive, 117
V-shaped war monument, 539
Vulca, 167
Vulcan of Veii, 167
Vulgate, 239
W
Walker, Kara, 551–552
Wall plaque, Edo peoples, 504
Walls at Saqsa Waman, 489
wapepe, 528
Warhol, Andy, 421
war monuments, 539
War of the Golden Stool, 505
watercolor, 442
Watteau, 355
weaving, 246
Weiwei, Ai, 555
West Africans, 501
West and Central Asia, 178–181
wet gardens, 470
wheel symbol, 433
Where Do We Come From? What Are We? Where Are We Going? (Gauguin), 391
White and Red Plum Blossoms (Korin), 345, 472
White Temple and its ziggurat, 111
William II, 261
William the Conqueror, 251
Wind River Reservation, Wyoming, Cody (Cadzi), 492
Winged Victory of Samothrace (sculpture), 148
Woman Holding a Balance (Vermeer), 336
Woman, I (De Kooning), 419
Womb of the World, 439
women
artists
African, 501
Impressionist, 389
Le Brun, Elisabeth Louise Vigée, 357
medieval, 274
Pacific, 521
Romantic, 369
Surrealism, 411
bandolier bags, 491
collectors, artists, and gallery owners, 556
Contemporary artists
Abakanowicz, Magdalena, 542
Hadid, Zaha, 538
Kngwarreye, Emily Kame, 546
Lin, Maya, 539
Mehretu, Julie, 554
Mori, Mariko, 550
Mutu, Wangechi, 554
Nesha, Shirin, 546
Preston, Cynthia, 546
Quick-to-See-Smith, Jaune, 545
Ringgold, Faith, 544
Salcedo, Doris, 554
Sherman, Cindy, 543
Smith, Kiki, 552
Walker, Kara, 551
early- and mid-twentieth-century artists, 403
feminine arts, 246
Feminist Art, 556
in Egyptian art, 126
in Greek art, 143
initiation rites to adulthood, 509
masks
female (Pwo), 508
use of in Africa, 501
use of wooden, 509
Romanesque art and, 246
suffrage movement, 370
Wonderwerk Cave, 100
woodblock prints, 406, 469, 473
wood-block techniques, 542
woodcut technique, 285, 290, 292
wooden core, 523
wooden masks, 509
wood, in African art, 503
Wright, Joseph, 358
writing places, 237
X
XP (Christian monogram), 210
Y
Yaxchilán, 482
Yoruba sculpture, 512–513
Yuan Dynasty, 459
Yuan of Kublai Khan, 450
Z
Zen Buddhism, 466
Zeus, 158