Contents

  1. Problem Solving with C++
  2. Problem Solving with C++
  3. Preface
    1. Changes to the Tenth Edition
    2. Flexibility in Topic Ordering
    3. Accessibility to Students
    4. ANSI/ISO C++ Standard
    5. Advanced Topics
    6. Dependency Chart
    7. Summary Boxes
    8. Self-Test Exercises
    9. VideoNotes
    10. Online Practice and Assessment with MyProgrammingLab
    11. Support Material
    12. Contact Us
  4. Brief Contents
  5. Contents
  6. 1 Introduction to Computers and C++ Programming
    1. Introduction
    2. 1.1 Computer Systems
      1. Hardware
      2. Software
      3. High-Level Languages
      4. Compilers
      5. Self-Test Exercises
    3. 1.2 Programming and Problem-Solving
      1. Algorithms
      2. Program Design
      3. Object-Oriented Programming
      4. The Software Life Cycle
      5. Self-Test Exercises
    4. 1.3 Introduction to C++
      1. Origins of the C++ Language
      2. A Sample C++ Program
      3. Layout of a Simple C++ Program
      4. Compiling and Running a C++ Program
      5. Self-Test Exercises
    5. 1.4 Testing and Debugging
      1. Kinds of Program Errors
      2. Self-Test Exercises
    6. Chapter Summary
    7. Practice Programs
    8. Programming Projects
  7. 2 C++ Basics
    1. Introduction
    2. Prerequisites
    3. 2.1 Variables and Assignments
      1. Variables
      2. Names: Identifiers
      3. Variable Declarations
      4. Assignment Statements
      5. Self-Test Exercises
    4. 2.2 Input and Output
      1. Output Using cout
      2. Include Directives and Namespaces
      3. Escape Sequences
      4. Formatting for Numbers with a Decimal Point
      5. Input Using cin
      6. Designing Input and Output
      7. Self-Test Exercises
    5. 2.3 Data Types and Expressions
      1. The Types int and double
      2. Other Number Types
      3. C++11 Types
      4. The Type char
      5. The Type bool
      6. Introduction to the Class string
      7. Type Compatibilities
      8. Arithmetic Operators and Expressions
      9. Self-Test Exercises
      10. More Assignment Statements
    6. 2.4 Simple Flow of Control
      1. A Simple Branching Mechanism
      2. Compound Statements
      3. Self-Test Exercises
      4. Simple Loop Mechanisms
      5. Increment and Decrement Operators
      6. Self-Test Exercises
    7. 2.5 Program Style
      1. Indenting
      2. Comments
      3. Naming Constants
      4. Self-Test Exercises
    8. Chapter Summary
    9. Practice Programs
    10. Programming Projects
  8. 3 More Flow of Control
    1. Introduction
    2. Prerequisites
    3. 3.1 Using Boolean Expressions
      1. Evaluating Boolean Expressions
      2. Self-Test Exercises
      3. Enumeration Types (Optional)
    4. 3.2 Multiway Branches
      1. Nested Statements
      2. Multiway if-else Statements
      3. Self-Test Exercises
      4. The switch Statement
      5. Using switch Statements for Menus
      6. Blocks
      7. Self-Test Exercises
    5. 3.3 More About C++ Loop Statements
      1. The while Statements Reviewed
      2. Increment and Decrement Operators Revisited
      3. Self-Test Exercises
      4. The for Statement
      5. What Kind of Loop to Use
      6. Self-Test Exercises
      7. The break Statement
      8. Self-Test Exercises
    6. 3.4 Designing Loops
      1. Loops for Sums and Products
      2. Ending a Loop
      3. Nested Loops
      4. Self-Test Exercises
      5. Debugging Loops
      6. Self-Test Exercises
    7. Chapter Summary
    8. Practice Programs
    9. Programming Projects
  9. 4 Procedural Abstraction and Functions That Return a Value
    1. Introduction
    2. Prerequisites
    3. 4.1 Top-Down Design
    4. 4.2 Predefined Functions
      1. Using Predefined Functions
      2. Random Number Generation
      3. Type Casting
      4. Older Form of Type Casting
      5. Self-Test Exercises
    5. 4.3 Programmer-Defined Functions
      1. Function Definitions
      2. Functions That Return a Boolean Value
      3. Alternate Form for Function Declarations
      4. Function Definition–Syntax Summary
      5. More About Placement of Function Definitions
      6. Self-Test Exercises
    6. 4.4 Procedural Abstraction
      1. The Black-Box Analogy
      2. Self-Test Exercises
    7. 4.5 Scope and Local Variables
      1. The Small Program Analogy
      2. Global Constants and Global Variables
      3. Call-by-Value Formal Parameters Are Local Variables
      4. Block Scope
      5. Namespaces Revisited
      6. Self-Test Exercises
    8. 4.6 Overloading Function Names
      1. Introduction to Overloading
      2. Automatic Type Conversion
      3. Self-Test Exercises
    9. Chapter Summary
    10. Practice Programs
    11. Programming Projects
  10. 5 Functions for All Subtasks
    1. Introduction
    2. Prerequisites
    3. 5.1 void Functions
      1. Definitions of void Functions
      2. return Statements in void Functions
      3. Self-Test Exercises
    4. 5.2 Call-By-Reference Parameters
      1. A First View of Call-by-Reference
      2. Call-by-Reference in Detail
      3. Mixed Parameter Lists
      4. Self-Test Exercises
    5. 5.3 Using Procedural Abstraction
      1. Functions Calling Functions
      2. Preconditions and Postconditions
      3. Self-Test Exercises
    6. 5.4 Testing and Debugging Functions
      1. Stubs and Drivers
      2. Self-Test Exercises
    7. 5.5 General Debugging Techniques
      1. Keep an Open Mind
      2. Check Common Errors
      3. Localize the Error
      4. The assert Macro
      5. Self-Test Exercises
    8. Chapter Summary
    9. Practice Programs
    10. Programming Projects
  11. 6 I/O Streams as an Introduction to Objects and Classes
    1. Introduction
    2. Prerequisites
    3. 6.1 Streams and Basic File I/O
      1. Why Use Files for I/O?
      2. File I/O
      3. Introduction to Classes and Objects
      4. Techniques for File I/O
      5. Self-Test Exercises
      6. Appending to a File (Optional)
      7. File Names as Input (Optional)
    4. 6.2 Tools For Stream I/O
      1. Formatting Output with Stream Functions
      2. Manipulators
      3. Self-Test Exercises
      4. Streams as Arguments to Functions
      5. A Note on Namespaces
      6. Self-Test Exercises
    5. 6.3 Character I/O
      1. The Member Functions get and put
      2. The putback Member Function (Optional)
      3. Default Arguments for Functions (Optional)
      4. Self-Test Exercises
      5. The eof Member Function
      6. Self-Test Exercises
      7. Predefined Character Functions
      8. Self-Test Exercises
    6. Chapter Summary
    7. Practice Programs
    8. Programming Projects
  12. 7 Arrays
    1. Introduction
    2. Prerequisites
    3. 7.1 Introduction to Arrays
      1. Declaring and Referencing Arrays
      2. Arrays in Memory
      3. Initializing Arrays
      4. Self-Test Exercises
    4. 7.2 Arrays in Functions
      1. Indexed Variables as Function Arguments
      2. Self-Test Exercises
      3. Entire Arrays as Function Arguments
      4. The const Parameter Modifier
      5. Functions That Return an Array
      6. Self-Test Exercises
    5. 7.3 Programming with Arrays
      1. Partially Filled Arrays
      2. Self-Test Exercises
    6. 7.4 Multidimensional Arrays
      1. Multidimensional Array Basics
      2. Multidimensional Array Parameters
      3. Self-Test Exercises
    7. Chapter Summary
    8. Practice Programs
    9. Programming Projects
  13. 8 Strings and Vectors
    1. Introduction
    2. Prerequisites
    3. 8.1 An Array Type for Strings
      1. C-String Values and C-String Variables
      2. Other Functions in cstring
      3. Self-Test Exercises
      4. C-String Input and Output
      5. Self-Test Exercises
      6. C-String-to-Number Conversions and Robust Input
    4. 8.2 The Standard string Class
      1. Introduction to the Standard Class string
      2. I/O with the Class string
      3. Self-Test Exercises
      4. String Processing with the Class string
      5. Self-Test Exercises
      6. Converting Between string Objects and C Strings
      7. Converting Between Strings and Numbers
    5. 8.3 Vectors
      1. Vector Basics
      2. Efficiency Issues
      3. Self-Test Exercises
    6. Chapter Summary
    7. Practice Programs
    8. Programming Projects
  14. 9 Pointers and Dynamic Arrays
    1. Introduction
    2. Prerequisites
    3. 9.1 Pointers
      1. Pointer Variables
      2. Self-Test Exercises
      3. Basic Memory Management
      4. Static Variables and Automatic Variables
      5. Self-Test Exercises
    4. 9.2 Dynamic Arrays
      1. Array Variables and Pointer Variables
      2. Creating and Using Dynamic Arrays
      3. Self-Test Exercises
      4. Pointer Arithmetic (Optional)
      5. Self-Test Exercises
      6. Multidimensional Dynamic Arrays (Optional)
    5. Chapter Summary
    6. Practice Programs
    7. Programming Projects
  15. 10 Defining Classes
    1. Introduction
    2. Prerequisites
    3. 10.1 Structures
      1. Structures for Diverse Data
      2. Structures as Function Arguments
      3. Initializing Structures
      4. Self-Test Exercises
    4. 10.2 Classes
      1. Defining Classes and Member Functions
      2. Self-Test Exercises
      3. Public and Private Members
      4. Self-Test Exercises
      5. Summary of Some Properties of Classes
      6. Self-Test Exercises
      7. Constructors for Initialization
      8. Member Initializers and Constructor Delegation in C++11
      9. Self-Test Exercises
    5. 10.3 Abstract Data Types
      1. Classes to Produce Abstract Data Types
      2. Self-Test Exercises
    6. 10.4 Introduction to Inheritance
      1. Derived Classes
      2. Defining Derived Classes
      3. Self-Test Exercises
    7. Chapter Summary
    8. Practice Programs
    9. Programming Projects
  16. 11 Friends, Overloaded Operators, and Arrays in Classes
    1. Introduction
    2. Prerequisites
    3. 11.1 Friend Functions
      1. Self-Test Exercise
      2. Friend Functions
      3. Implementation of digitToInt (Optional)
      4. Self-Test Exercises
      5. The const Parameter Modifier
      6. Self-Test Exercises
    4. 11.2 Overloading Operators
      1. Overloading Operators
      2. Self-Test Exercises
      3. Constructors for Automatic Type Conversion
      4. Self-Test Exercise
      5. Overloading Unary Operators
      6. Overloading >> and <<
      7. Self-Test Exercises
    5. 11.3 Arrays and Classes
      1. Arrays of Classes
      2. Self-Test Exercises
      3. Arrays as Class Members
      4. Self-Test Exercises
    6. 11.4 Classes and Dynamic Arrays
      1. Destructors
      2. Copy Constructors
      3. Self-Test Exercises
      4. Overloading the Assignment Operator
      5. Self-Test Exercise
    7. Chapter Summary
    8. Practice Programs
    9. Programming Projects
  17. 12 Separate Compilation and Namespaces
    1. Introduction
    2. Prerequisites
    3. 12.1 Separate Compilation
      1. ADTs Reviewed
      2. Using #ifndef
      3. Self-Test Exercises
    4. 12.2 Namespaces
      1. Namespaces and using Directives
      2. Creating a Namespace
      3. Self-Test Exercises
      4. Qualifying Names
      5. A Subtle Point About Namespaces (Optional)
      6. Self-Test Exercises
      7. Unnamed Namespaces
      8. Self-Test Exercises
    5. Chapter Summary
    6. Practice Programs
    7. Programming Projects
  18. 13 Pointers and Linked Lists
    1. Introduction
    2. Prerequisites
    3. 13.1 Nodes and Linked Lists
      1. Nodes
      2. nullptr
      3. Self-Test Exercises
      4. Linked Lists
      5. Inserting a Node at the Head of a List
      6. Searching a Linked List
      7. Pointers as Iterators
      8. Inserting and Removing Nodes Inside a List
      9. Self-Test Exercises
      10. Variations on Linked Lists
      11. Linked Lists of Classes
    4. 13.2 Stacks and Queues
      1. Stacks
      2. Self-Test Exercises
      3. Queues
      4. Self-Test Exercises
    5. Chapter Summary
    6. Practice Programs
    7. Programming Projects
  19. 14 Recursion
    1. Introduction
    2. Prerequisites
    3. 14.1 Recursive Functions For Tasks
      1. A Closer Look at Recursion
      2. Self-Test Exercises
      3. Stacks for Recursion
      4. Recursion Versus Iteration
      5. Self-Test Exercises
    4. 14.2 Recursive Functions For Values
      1. General Form for a Recursive Function That Returns a Value
      2. Self-Test Exercises
    5. 14.3 Thinking Recursively
      1. Recursive Design Techniques
      2. Self-Test Exercises
    6. Chapter Summary
    7. Practice Programs
    8. Programming Projects
  20. 15 Inheritance
    1. Introduction
    2. Prerequisites
    3. 15.1 Inheritance Basics
      1. Derived Classes
      2. Constructors in Derived Classes
      3. The protected Qualifier
      4. Self-Test Exercises
      5. Redefinition of Member Functions
      6. Redefining Versus Overloading
      7. Access to a Redefined Base Function
      8. Self-Test Exercises
    4. 15.2 Inheritance Details
      1. Functions That Are Not Inherited
      2. Assignment Operators and Copy Constructors in Derived Classes
      3. Destructors in Derived Classes
      4. Self-Test Exercises
    5. 15.3 Polymorphism
      1. Late Binding
      2. Virtual Functions in C++
      3. Self-Test Exercise
      4. Virtual Functions and Extended Type Compatibility
      5. Self-Test Exercises
    6. Chapter Summary
    7. Practice Programs
    8. Programming Projects
  21. 16 Exception Handling
    1. Introduction
    2. Prerequisites
    3. 16.1 Exception-Handling Basics
      1. A Toy Example of Exception Handling
      2. Self-Test Exercises
      3. Defining Your Own Exception Classes
      4. Multiple Throws and Catches
      5. Throwing an Exception in a Function
      6. Exception Specification
      7. Self-Test Exercises
    4. 16.2 Programming Techniques for Exception Handling
      1. When to Throw an Exception
      2. Exception Class Hierarchies
      3. Testing for Available Memory
      4. Rethrowing an Exception
      5. Self-Test Exercises
    5. Chapter Summary
    6. Practice Programs
    7. Programming Projects
  22. 17 Templates
    1. Introduction
    2. Prerequisites
    3. 17.1 Templates for Algorithm Abstraction
      1. Templates for Functions
      2. Self-Test Exercises
      3. Self-Test Exercises
    4. 17.2 Templates for Data Abstraction
      1. Syntax for Class Templates
      2. Self-Test Exercises
    5. Chapter Summary
    6. Practice Programs
    7. Programming Projects
  23. 18 Standard Template Library and C++11
    1. Introduction
    2. Prerequisites
    3. 18.1 Iterators
      1. using Declarations
      2. Iterator Basics
      3. Self-Test Exercises
      4. Kinds of Iterators
      5. Self-Test Exercise
      6. Constant and Mutable Iterators
      7. Reverse Iterators
      8. Other Kinds of Iterators
      9. Self-Test Exercises
    4. 18.2 Containers
      1. Sequential Containers
      2. Self-Test Exercises
      3. Container Adapters stack and queue
      4. Self-Test Exercises
      5. Associative Containers set and map
      6. Efficiency
      7. Self-Test Exercises
    5. 18.3 Generic Algorithms
      1. Running Times and Big-O Notation
      2. Container Access Running Times
      3. Self-Test Exercises
      4. Nonmodifying Sequence Algorithms
      5. Self-Test Exercises
      6. Container Modifying Algorithms
      7. Self-Test Exercises
      8. Set Algorithms
      9. Self-Test Exercise
      10. Sorting Algorithms
    6. 18.4 C++ Is Evolving
      1. std::array
      2. Regular Expressions
      3. Threads
      4. Smart Pointers
    7. Chapter Summary
    8. Practice Programs
    9. Programming Projects
  24. Appendix 1 C++ Keywords
  25. Appendix 2 Precedence of Operators
  26. Appendix 3 The ASCII Character Set
  27. Appendix 4 Some Library Functions
    1. Arithmetic Functions
    2. Input and Output Member Functions
    3. Character Functions
    4. String Functions
    5. Random Number Generator
    6. Trigonometric Functions
  28. Appendix 5 Inline Functions
  29. Appendix 6 Overloading the Array Index Square Brackets
  30. Appendix 7 The this Pointer
  31. Appendix 8 Overloading Operators as Member Operators
  32. Credits
  33. Index
    1. Symbols
    2. A
    3. B
    4. C
    5. D
    6. E
    7. F
    8. G
    9. H
    10. I
    11. L
    12. M
    13. N
    14. O
    15. P
    16. Q
    17. R
    18. S
    19. T
    20. U
    21. V
    22. W
    23. Z

List of Illustrations

  1. Display P.1 Dependency Chart
  2. Display 1.1 Main Components of a Computer
  3. Display 1.2 Memory Locations and Bytes
  4. Display 1.3 Simple View of Running a Program
  5. Display 1.4 Compiling and Running a C++ Program (Basic Outline)
  6. Display 1.5 Preparing a C++ Program for Running
  7. Display 1.7 Program Design Process
  8. Display 2.6 Integer Division
  9. Display 2.13 Syntax of the while Statement
  10. Display 2.14 Syntax of the do-while Statement
  11. Display 2.17 Comments and Named Constants
  12. Display 3.1 Truth Tables
  13. Display 3.2 Precedence Rules
  14. Display 3.3 An if-else Statement Within an if Statement
  15. Display 3.4 The Importance of Braces
  16. Display 3.8 Block with a Local Variable
  17. Display 3.9 Syntax of the while Statement and do-while Statement
  18. Display 3.12 A for Statement
  19. Display 3.13 for Loop with a Multistatement Body
  20. Display 3.14 A break Statement in a Loop
  21. Display 3.15 Explicitly Nested Loops
  22. Display 4.3 A Function Definition
  23. Display 4.4 Details of a Function Call
  24. Display 4.6 Syntax for a Function That Returns a Value
  25. Display 4.13 Formal Parameter Used as a Local Variable
  26. Display 4.14 Local, Global, and Block Scope
  27. Display 4.16 Factorial Function
  28. Display 4.17 Overloading a Function Name
  29. Display 5.1 Syntax for a void Function Definition
  30. Display 5.2 void Functions
  31. Display 5.3 Use of return in a void Function
  32. Display 5.7 Inadvertent Local Variable
  33. Display 5.8 Function Calling Another Function
  34. Display 5.11 Program with a Stub
  35. Display 5.13 Debugging with cout Statements
  36. Display 6.6 Formatting Output
  37. Display 7.2 An Array in Memory
  38. Display 7.11 Selection Sort
  39. Display 7.15 The Two-Dimensional Array grade
  40. Display 7.16 The Two-Dimensional Array grade (Another View)
  41. Display 8.4 Program Using the Class string
  42. Display 9.1 Uses of the Assignment Operator
  43. Display 9.3 Explanation of Display 9.2
  44. Display 9.5 Explanation of Display 9.4
  45. Display 9.6 A Dynamic Array
  46. Display 9.7 A Two-Dimensional Dynamic Array
  47. Display 10.2 Member Values
  48. Display 10.3 Class with a Member Function
  49. Display 10.4 Class with Private Members
  50. Display 10.5 The BankAccount Class
  51. Display 10.6 Class with Constructors
  52. Display 10.7 Alternative BankAccount Class Implementation
  53. Display 10.8 A Class Hierarchy
  54. Display 11.1 Equality Function
  55. Display 11.2 Equality Function as a Friend
  56. Display 11.7 << as an Operator
  57. Display 11.8 Overloading << and >>
  58. Display 11.11 Program Using the StringVar Class
  59. Display 11.12 Implementation of StringVar
  60. Display 11.14 The Function Call sneaky(p);
  61. Display 12.1 Interface File for DigitalTime
  62. Display 12.5 Namespace Demonstration
  63. Display 12.6 Placing a Class in a Namespace—Header File
  64. Display 12.7 Placing a Class in a Namespace—Implementation File
  65. Display 12.8 Placing a Class in a Namespace—Application Program
  66. Display 13.1 Nodes and Pointers
  67. Display 13.2 Accessing Node Data
  68. Display 13.5 Lost Nodes
  69. Display 13.6 Searching a Linked List
  70. Display 13.7 Function to Locate a Node in a Linked List
  71. Display 13.8 Inserting in the Middle of a Linked List
  72. Display 13.10 Removing a Node
  73. Display 13.11 A Doubly Linked List
  74. Display 13.12 A Binary Tree
  75. Display 13.16 A Stack
  76. Display 13.20 A Queue
  77. Display 14.4 Evaluating the Recursive Function Call power (2, 3)
  78. Display 14.7 Execution of the Function search
  79. Display 14.9 A Recursive Member Function
  80. Display 15.1 Example Inheritance Hierarchy for Home Automation Devices
  81. Display 15.4 Interface for the Derived Class HourlyEmployee
  82. Display 15.6 Implementation for the Derived Class HourlyEmployee
  83. Display 15.11 The Derived Class DiscountSale
  84. Display 17.3 Using a Generic Sorting Function
  85. Display 17.5 Program Using the GenericList Class Template
  86. Display 18.2 Bidirectional and Random Access Iterator Use
  87. Display 18.4 Two Kinds of Lists
  88. Display 18.10 Program Using the Stack Template Class
  89. Display 18.12 Program Using the set Template Class
  90. Display 18.14 Program Using the map Template Class
  91. Display 18.16 Comparison of Running Times
  92. Display 18.17 The Generic find Function
  93. Display 18.25 Threaded Hello World

Landmarks

  1. Brief Contents
  2. Frontmatter
  3. Start of Content
  4. backmatter
  5. List of Illustrations
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