Index

Note: Page numbers set in bold or italic indicate headings or figures, respectively.

A

acetaminophen 42

adjacent fractures 95

adjacent-level fracture risk 205

adult spinal deformity 196

anesthetic preparation 67

antibiotic prophylaxis preparation 67

antibiotics 62

anticonvulsants 43

appropriateness criteria 109

B

balloon kyphoplasty 88

basivertebral nerve 143

bilateral versus unilateral approach 48, 93, 102

bisphosphonates 43

bone access tools 89

bone adherence 63

bone cements 58

properties of 58

bone cements 89

bone disease 10

bone formation 63

C

calcitonin 43

cancer 10, 18

cement 199

cement injection 70

cement leakage 117

cementoplasty outside spine 216

cement properties 60

cervical augmentation 82

cervical fracture bracing 135

cervical spine, approaches to 55

cervical vertebrae 189

cervical vertebroplasty 71

C fibers role 143

chronic vertebral compression fractures 182

correcting fracture 204

D

dual-energy Xray absorptiometry (DXA) 225

E

extrapedicular approach 51

extrapedicular modified inferior end plate access 52

extraspinal percutaneous osteoplasty (POP) 191

F

facet-mediated pain 166

fill materials 69

fracture risk assessment algorithm (FRAX.) 226

fractures secondary to infection 132

FSU-related instability 204

G

garment orthoses 137

gene mutation and radiation effects on DNA 104

I

initiator-to-activator ratio 61

inverse square law 104

K

kiva 9, 117

kypho-orthoses 137

kyphoplasty 2, 8, 116

kyphosis correction 94

L

laminoplasty 85

langerhans cell vertebral histiocytosis 11

lateral approach technique 78

lead aprons 104

liquid-to-powder ratio 60

long-axis technique 78

LSO 278

lumbosacral orthosis (LSO) 136

M

metastases 10

minimally invasive vertebral body stabilization 207

mixing method 62

mortality benefit 118

multiple myeloma 10

multiple vertebral compression fractures 158

muscle relaxants 43

N

needle insertion 68

needle placement 68

neoplastic osteolysis 209

neoplastic vertebral compression fractures 186

nonpharmacological treatment 228

nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs 41, 42

O

opioid analgesics 43

osseofix 9

osseous augmentation 76, 144

osteoporosis 7, 15, 130, 195

osteoporotic lumbar fractures 139

osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures 25, 171

P

painful vertebral compression fractures 157

pain relief 63

pain relief, mechanisms of 1

parapedicular approach 51, 52

pathologic fractures 131

pathologic vertebral fractures due to neoplasia 26

pathophysiology 168

pediculoplasty 85

in osteoporotic disease 85

in spondylolysis 85

in vertebral tumors 85

pediculoplasty 85

pelvic cementoplasty 217

percutaneous radiofrequency ablation 2

PMMA-based bone cements 60

polymer chemistry 59

polymethyl methacrylate bead size 62

posterior arch augmentation 85

postural fatigue syndrome 168

predisposing factors to vertebral fractures 130

public health and economic impact 27

R

radiofrequency kyphoplasty 2

radiopacifiers 62

recurrent fracture 164

routine anti-osteoporosis care 170

S

sacral insufficiency fractures 74

sacroplasty 73

sacrum 187

sagittal balance restoration 94

sagittal imbalance 166

SAIF technique 210

sedation preparation 67

short-axis technique 77

skin preparation 67

spinal fractures, bracing for 135

spinejack 8

spinoplasty 85

stent-screw assisted internal fixation 207

subsequent fractures 118

T

thermoluminescent dosimeters 104

thoracic and lumbar vertebrae 187

thoracic fractures 139

thoracolumbar burst fractures 198

thoracolumbosacral orthosis 136

trabecular bone score (TBS) 226

transdermal lidocaine 43

translateral approach 83

transoral approach 83

transpedicular approach 50, 84

trauma 9, 19

traumatic spine fractures 133

traumatic vertebral fractures 26

T spine versus L spine augmentation 143

V

vertebral augmentation 1, 2, 3, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 32, 99, 107, 113, 122, 126, 141, 147, 151, 156, 162, 170, 194, 223

additional and adjacent level fractures after 126

appropriateness criteria for 107

bone disease 10

cancer 10

clinical presentation and the response to 147

cost-effectiveness of 122

in instrumented spinal fusions 194

kiva 9

kyphoplasty 2, 8

langerhans cell vertebral histiocytosis 11

literature analysis of 113

mechanisms of pain relief in 141

metastases 10

morbidity and mortality 151

multiple myeloma 10

neoplastic vertebral fractures 156

nonsurgical management 151

number of levels appropriately treated with 156

number of levels to treat with 156

osseofix 9

osteoporosis 7

pain after 162

pain relief, mechanisms of 1

percutaneous radiofrequency ablation 2

physical therapy after 170

preprocedure assessment prior to 32

radiofrequency kyphoplasty 2

spinejack 8

trauma 9

treatment of osteoporosis after 223

vertebral augmentation with implants 3

vertebral body stenting system 9

vertebroplasty 2, 7

with implants 99

vertebral body, approaches to 46

vertebral body biopsy 56

vertebral body stenting system 9

vertebral compression fractures 15, 18, 19, 20, 25, 26, 27, 37, 41, 156, 201

biomechanical changes after 201

cancer 18

medical pain management in patients with 41

multiple myeloma 18

osteoporosis 15

osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures 25

pathologic vertebral fractures due to neoplasia 26

physical examination findings in patients with 37

public health and economic impact 27

risk factors for 156

trauma 19

traumatic vertebral fractures 26

vertebral fracture classification systems 20

vertebral fill materials, properties of 58

vertebral fracture assessment (VFA) 225

vertebral fracture classification systems 20

vertebral osteonecrosis 183

vertebroplasty 2, 7, 66, 113